THE INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE HEADLINES l Toronto council takes key LRT vote

l Bombardier close to 775-car BART order

l demonstrates Citadis in

BOLSTERS GLOBAL URBAN RAIL CAPABILITIES Tramlink: Special 20-page review

The end for paper? Driver safety: Easier for riders, Latest research better for operators: on managing 75 Smart ticketing driver risk for

systems explained safer systems MAY 2012 No. 893 1937–2012 w w w. l r t a . o r g l w w w. t r a m n e w s . n e t £3.80

TAUT_April12_Cover.indd 1 3/4/12 12:12:59 XX_TAUT1205_UITPAD.indd 1 2/4/12 09:58:22 Contents The official journal of the Light Rail Transit Association 168 News 168 MAY 2012 Vol. 75 No. 893 Toronto light rail supporters win key vote; Siemens www.tramnews.net announces global expansion ambitions; Alstom EDITORIAL demonstrates its Citadis in Moscow; Bombardier Editor: Simon Johnston preferred bidder for USD3.4bn, 775-car BART order. Tel: +44 (0)1832 281131 E-mail: [email protected] Eaglethorpe Barns, Warmington, Peterborough PE8 6TJ, UK. 174 Smart ticketing technologies Associate Editor: Tony Streeter John Austin examines the strategies operators can and are E-mail: [email protected] employing to drive ridership – and looks to the future. Worldwide Editor: Michael Taplin 174 Flat 1, 10 Hope Road, Shanklin, Isle of Wight PO37 6EA, UK. 179 Creating safer journeys E-mail: [email protected] Dr Lisa Dorn explains how detailed research is shaping News Editor: John Symons tram driver employment and training regimes. 17 Whitmore Avenue, Werrington, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs ST9 0LW, UK. Systems Factfile: E-mail: [email protected] 183 Contributor: Neil Pulling Introducing modern to was just one part of a project to drastically restructure in its Design: Debbie Nolan third-largest . Production: Carla Corrado Tel: +44 (0)1832 281134 E-mail: [email protected] 188 Mixed fortunes in 188 Worldwide Contributors: Aare Olander, Nikolai Concluding TAUT’s comprehensive review of Ukraine’s Semyonov, Sergei Tarkhov (CIS), Mike Russell, Norman Bartlett, tramway landscape, Mike Russell turns his attention to the Thomas , Pedro Costa, Richard Felski, Jordi Ibanez (), nation’s central and southern regions. Yoshiri Nogi (), Anthony Bailey, Ian Hammond, Paul Nicholson (Australia), Vic Simons, Charles Lietwiler, Steve Morgan, Tom Swinney, 193 Worldwide Review Julian Wolinsky (North America). Bangalore expansion approved; Work starts on Kuala LRTA Website and Diary: Brian Lomas Lumpur light metro extension; City ring and Soleilmont E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] line open in Charleroi; orders more metro cars. Commercial Manager: Vicky Binley 200 Tel: +44 (0)1832 281132 E-mail: [email protected] 198 Letters Advertising Manager: Andy Adams More views on the high-speed versus urban rail Tel: +44 (0)1832 281135 E-mail: [email protected] investment debate and questions over the distribution of Eaglethorpe Barns, Warmington, Peterborough PE8 6TJ, UK. EU funding for tramways. Publisher: Howard Johnston 200 Classic Trams: Ballarat’s trams live on Tramways & Urban Transit is jointly published by the LRTA and LRTA Mike Russell reports from Southern Australia on how Publishing on the third Friday of each month preceding the cover date. dedicated enthusiasts run a unique heritage operation. LRTA MEMBERSHIP (with TAUT subscription) Tramways & Urban Transit is sent free to all paid-up members of the Light Rail Transit Association. You are welcome to join the LRTA. Cars catch up with trams... 100 years later subscriptions: LRTA Membership Secretary (Dept T06), 38 Wolseley Road, Sale M33 7AU, UK. simon johnston, editor BACK ISSUES: Tel: +44 (0)1406 373070 PRINT AND DISTRIBUTION: Warners (Midlands) plc, The Maltings, Flicking through one of the UK’s major Yet no matter how ‘revolutionary’ West Street, Bourne, Lincs PE10 9PH, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1778 391000. newspapers this month I was stopped in automobiles become, you still have LRTA REGISTERED OFFICE: c/o 138 Radnor Avenue, Welling, my tracks by a road test of one of the the problem that more vehicles on the Kent DA16 2BY. Private company limited by guarantee, No. 5072319 in England and Wales. latest cars from a major multinational roads globally will cause unquestioned Chairman: Andrew Braddock. Deputy Chairman: Vic Simons automaker extolling its green credentials. congestion. While cars and vans will LRTA PUBLISHING REGISTERED OFFICE: c/o 8 Berwick Place, Welwyn The report compared the new Vauxhall always have their place, mass transit Garden City, Herts AL7 4TU. Private Limited Company, No. 06169422 Ampera – recently voted European Car of is the obvious way forward as we in England and Wales. the Year for 2012 – to a tram from 1909, approach the age of the mega-city. © LRTA Publishing 2012. saying: “Despite the century between Quickly moving commuters and leisure Articles are submitted on the understanding they may also later be used on our websites or other media. A contribution is accepted on the basis that them, both are electric – proving there users around the crowded urban spaces its author is responsible for the opinions expressed in it, and such opinions is nothing new in the world of transport. of the modern age simply cannot be are not those of LRTA Publishing or the LRTA. All rights reserved. The Ampera may be a modern tour de accomplished efficiently in vehicles that No part of this magazine may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording force but the 1909 tram is an amazing carry a handful of passengers. or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior machine too. So let’s hope the automotive industry permission in writing from the copyright owner. Multiple copying of the “The tram [in this case, Wolverhampton pinches more of our ideas – eventually contents of the magazine without prior written approval is not permitted. double-decker 49] has a top speed of creating marvellous electric machines

THE INTERNATIONAL LIGHT RAIL MAGAZINE HEADLINES 50mph [80km/h] and is powered by two that run quickly, quietly and efficiently, l Toronto council takes key LRT vote

l Bombardier close to 775-car BART order electric motors that deliver 45bhp each – carrying hundreds of passengers. I’ll l Alstom demonstrates Citadis in moscow Siemens’ new Inspiro and, like the Ampera, it has regenerative even suggest a name. Why don’t we call metro design. The braking, which means that during braking them ‘trams’? company is investing EUR50m in its or coasting, energy from the wheels is l Siemens' latest analysis suggests that Simmering facility in converted back into electricity...” the light and urban rail vehicle sectors that is building This description of what seems like the globally are worth a staggering EUR7bn siemens BOLsTeRs GLOBAL very latest technology amazed me in that annually – and that this is set to grow by URBAn RAiL CAPABiLiTies them, beginning with London Tramlink: Special 20-page review the automotive industry is increasingly up to 5% a year. In a world still seemingly The end for paper? Driver safety: a EUR272m order for Easier for riders, Latest research better for operators: on managing 75 Smart ticketing driver risk for taking inspiration from over a century of reeling from one economic crisis to the systems explained safer systems . MAY 2012 No. 893 1937–2012 w w w. l r t a . o r g l w w w. t r a m n e w s . n e t £3.80 Siemens development in the rail sector. next, I think we can all be optimistic...

TAUT_April12_Cover.indd 1 3/4/12 12:12:59

www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org MAY 2012 167

167_TAUT1205_Contents.indd 1 3/4/12 12:25:32 News Toronto arguments continue, light rail wins important vote Political moves in the ongoing saga of Toronto Mayor Rob Ford and transit contin- ued in March. After his election in 2010, the mayor scrapped the LRT plans for Eglinton and Sheppard Avenue in favour of subway construction, and later sacked Toronto Tran- sit Commission Chief General Manager Gary Webster, an opponent of his plans. On Monday 5 March the city council voted 29-15 to dissolve the TTC board and replace it with a restructured body, chaired by TTC Chariman Karen Stintz. The new Commis- sion comprises four private citizens and seven councillors, and Ford supporters no longer have a majority. On 13 March, Andy Byford was appointed the new TTC CEO; a transit professional, who arrived in Toronto from Sydney only in 2011, he had been Gary Webster’s deputy. The report of the study panel appointed by the city council to look into transit options for the 13km (eight-mile) Sheppard Avenue East (where the mayor had declared he would build a subway using private finance) was published on 15 March and concluded that surface light rail was the best option, scoring Surface light rail already exists in the Toronto suburbs, as seen here on the rebuilt St Clair line, and its 87/100 compared with 59/100 for a subway. expansion now looks more likely following a city vote in late March. J. May The report added that there was a CAD1bn shortfall in funds to build a subway. A special meeting of the city council on hours of debate, light rail was endorsed by The mayor dismissed the report as 21 March, expected to vote in favour of LRT, the City Council 24-19. ‘hogwash’, calling for a referendum, and was filibustered by the Ford camp so that the Mayor Ford called the city council dysfunc- saying a subway could be built if property vote took place at a re-convened meeting on tional and light rail “a boondoggle of billions”, taxes were increased (despite campaigning in 22 March. An attempt to postpone the vote adding: “You can call them what you want, but 2010 on the basis of no tax increases). Other until April failed 18-24. Finally, 509 days people want subways, folks. They don’t want councillors suggested a parking levy. after the mayor was elected, and after 15 these damn streetcars blocking up this city.”

Cube to take on Paris tramway expansion funded by EIB Veolia- The European Investment Bank is financing (three miles) from St-Denis to Asnieres-Gen- tramway development in the greater Paris re- nevilliers, line T2 by 4.2km (2.6 miles) from operations? gion with a EUR200m loan. La Défense to Pont de Bezons, and line T3 by This further funding, which comes after a 14.5km (nine miles) from Porte d’Ivry to La OPERATION of the light rail net- EUR300m loan in November 2011 to finance Chapelle. All these extensions open this year. work in Dublin, Ireland, could pass to the 107 new trams, will be used to enlarge the Tram-train line T4 will get a new branch Luxembourg-based Cube Infrastructure city’s tramway network from 41.4km (25.7 from Gargan to Clichy-sous-Bois/Montfer- Fund, which is interested in acquiring miles) to 105.3km (65.5 miles) by extending meil by 2015. New line T7 will link Villejuif Veolia’s transport interests. existing lines T1, T2, T3 and T4, and the cre- and Athis-Mons via Orly (2016), and line T8 The current Luas operator, Veolia Trans- ation of new lines T7-8. By 2020 Paris trams St-Denis and Épinay-sur-Seine/Villetaneuse- port Dublin Light Rail Ltd, and its par- should be carrying 835 000 passengers/day. Université (2020). Further extensions of lines ent company Ireland, are Total investment in new lines is EUR1.2bn, T1 and T3 are planned for 2017. both part of the large French-owned Veolia with EUR750m provided by the regional gov- The first stage of the tram-train Tangentielle- Environment Group. Veolia has merged its ernment. Line T1 is being extended by 4.9km will open in 2014 as an SNCF project. transport interests with Transdev which is owned by Caisse de Depots et Consignations – and is now looking to offload its interests in Veolia-Transdev and its subsidiaries, includ- ing its Irish operations. It is currently negotiating on an exclusive basis with Cube. The Paris fleet Veolia recently announced its intention to of Alstom Citadis rid itself of assets of up to EUR5bn in the coming two years in an effort to refocus its trams for line T3 core business and reduce debt. is being more Chief executive officer Antoine Frerot said than doubled a deal to sell its stake in Transdev could be from 21 to 46 in reached “quickly”. Transdev has operations readiness for this in 28 countries involving light rail, metro, year’s extension. and coach transport businesses. Dr . v. Dam

168 may 2012 www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org Siemens’ Metro, Coaches and Light Rail CEO Sandra Gott-Karlbauer and Siemens The first aluminium body structure for the Inspiro for Warsaw was unveiled at the Austria CEO Wolfgang Hesoun with the Inspiro metro design for Warsaw. Siemens Leberstrasse plant in Vienna on 24 February. Siemens Siemens invests to win bigger share of EUR7bn transiT market SieMENS is to invest EUR50m in its Austrian Simmering plant as it markets in Asia, particularly in China and Thailand. She stated that seeks to grow its local rail transit market share by 50% by 2016. large Chinese currently operate around 7000 metro trains and The international giant wants to establish itself as one of the top that this number is expected to increase by almost 500% by 2020. three urban rail manufacturers; the firm currently occupies fifth place In , Moscow has a demand for 6000 underground trains over in a global market that it says is worth EUR7bn a year. the next ten years, while expanding its network from 350 (217 miles) The investment announcement follows Siemens’ decision in Octo- to 600km (370 miles). ber 2011 to centralise production of its Metro, Coaches and Light Rail Siemens’ announcement of investment in the Simmering plant (MCL) business at Simmering. The latest funding will create a further was made at an event displaying a mock-up of the first Inspiro metro 200 jobs (the facility currently employs 750), as well as investment in car for Warsaw. The facility’s expansion will accommodate production further automation, aluminium processing and bodyshell manufacture. of the 40 Avenio trams for Den Haag, with aluminium bodyshell as- Sandra Gott-Karlbauer, head of Siemens’ MCL unit, said the com- sembly, and fitting out. The factory is also currently fulfilling an order pany is focusing on the growing tramway markets in Europe and metro for 150 ULF trams for Vienna. Bombardier Montpellier network reaches 54.4km preferred for 775 BART cars Bombardier has been selected as preferred bidder for the USD3.4bn contract for 775 new BART cars in San Francisco, US. The Canadian manufacturer was the lowest bidder for the BART project, reportedly pricing a single car 2% lower than second-placed firm Al- stom and 4% below Hyundai-Rotem. The total cost of each car is expected to be around USD5.1m after inflation, taxes and other costs. Bombardier must now undergo an audit on its offer to ensure 60% US content before a final recommendation is made on 26 April. The transit agen- cy’s board will award the lucrative contract in early May, with the first batch of BMW Designworks-designed One of the 19 Alstom Citadis trams for Montpellier on a trial run. J. A. U. Woods cars entering service in early 2018. Alstom is keenly awaiting the fi- After a ceremony the previ- the network to 54.4km (33.9 uses new tracks around nal decision and has suggested that it ous day, Saturday 7 April saw miles), compared with 15.2km the south of the city from would invest USD20m and create 500 the opening of Montpellier lines (9.4 miles) when the city’s first Hôtel de Ville to St-Martin. jobs at its Hornell, New York, plant, 3 (Juvignac – Pérols/Lattes, line opened in June 2000. There are 83 Alstom Citadis including investment in new alumini- 19.8km, (12.3 miles) and 4 Lines 3 and 4 have taken trams in service. Line 3 is op- um boyshell facilties. It maintains that, (Place Albert 1er – Saint-Denis, over part of , which now erated by 40m trams liveried if successful, it would complete at least 8.6km, 5.3 miles), built at a runs direct from Corum to Gare in a maritime style and line 4 95% of the work on the cars in the US. cost of EUR530m. This brings (sharing tracks with ). by 32m trams in black livery.

www.tramnews.net l www.Irta.org may 2012 169 News

Glasgow studies airport link options CONCERNED about mounting road congestion, the UK’s Glas- gow Airport has commissioned a transport survey following the ruling Scottish National Party’s rejection of previous proposals for a GBP210m (EUR252m) Glasgow . The airport’s move has result- The Alstom Citadis on trial in Moscow on 27 ed in speculation that a further February. Alstom / E. Fatkullina rail link operated by tram-trains will become as the favoured so- lution in the transport study when it is published later this year. The alstom demonstrates airport authority has said it will examine a variety of options. the citadis in Moscow Supporters of the idea have pointed out that infrastructure On 27 February Alstom presented its five-section vehicles) and can run at an average speed of improvements being carried out Citadis low-floor tram to politicians and engineers 25km/h (15mph) in the city, depending on existing to the local rail network would at Moscow’s Bauman tram depot. infrastructure and signalling systems, compared also facilitate tram-train opera- Despite temperatures of -2°C and snow, guests to 11km/h (7mph) for existing tramways in tion. The provision of a tram-train were taken for a short run on segregated route 17. Moscow. Utilising composite materials and modular alternative to the abandoned rail The demonstration was the first fruit of the agree- construction, Alstom claims a reduction in energy scheme could be implemented ment between Alstom and TransmashHoldings to consumption of 10% and a lifecycle of 30 years. by construction of a 1.6km (one- manufacture state-of-the-art trams in Russia. The tram was reliveried and redecorated inter- mile) spur from the nearby rail The tram was shipped from La Rochelle in nally with a Russian-inspired theme. line to the terminal building. This to Sankt Peterburg and then taken by road After trials in Moscow it was returned to would be cheaper than a heavy to Moscow. The car is in fact the 1990 demonstra- St Peterburg, where Uraltransmash plans to build a rail line as it could involve tighter tor that has been used on the Aytré test track, but production facility. radius curves, allowing existing equipped with new to match the Moskva A price for Russian customers has still to be structures such as the main fuel parameters (the system is 1524mm gauge). announced and Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin depot to remain in place. Designed for a maximum speed of 75km/h said he hoped that competitors would also put TramForward, the Light Rail (46mph), the Moscow Citadis has a capacity of forward proposals for between 200 and 300 new Transit Association’s campaign- up to 300 passengers (double that of the current trams for the city. ing arm, has supported the pro- posed review of transport options “The Moscow Citadis has a capacity of up to 300 passengers (double and also a call from Scottish Lo- that of the current vehicles) and can run at an average speed of cal Government Minister Derek Mackay for a tram-train solution. 25km/h in the city, more than double existing service speeds”

Los Angeles chooses Kinkisharyo LRVs Republican Los Angeles County Metro- transportation politan Transportation Authority bill collapses (LACMTA) has named Kink- isharyo as preferred bidder for The speaker of the US House a USD299m contract for 78 new of Representatives, John Boeh- light rail vehicles; there are four ner, has indicated he is drop- options for up to an additional ping the Republican-sponsored 157 LRVs for USD591m. transportation bill because of The new cars will be deliv- lack of support, even amongst ered from 2015 for use on the his own party. Expo line extension, Gold line Instead, the Senate has passed Foothill extension and the Cren- 74-22 a USD109bn 18-month shaw line. LACMTA also plans bipartisan bill proposed by Sena- to start replacing its original tors Boxer (Democrat, Califor- LRV fleet delivered to the Blue nia) and Inhofe (Republican, line in 1989-90. Oklahoma), and supported by After buying light rail cars Transportation Secretary Ray from Siemens, LACMTA or- LaHood, which continues dedi- dered 50 LRVs from Ansaldo- cated funding for mass transit Breda in 2004. It canceled its from a share of petrol tax. option for more cars from that An artist’s impression of the new Kinkisharyo LRV to be delivered to This will go to the House, but manufacturer, and AnsaldoBre- Los Angeles. LACMTA since existing legislation expired da then bid on the new contract on 31 March, a three-month ex- (other bidders were CAF and Kinkisharyo will establish a the US to assemble and fit out tension of existing legislation Siemens). transit car production facility in the new order. was necessary.

170 may 2012 www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org UK cities pitch for local New Manchester interchange A new GBP6.7m (EUR8m) rail responsibilities transport interchange is to LEADERS of the UK’s six largest urban transport gration of rail services with trams and and be built in Wythenshawe, authorities outside London have agreed to approach offer the potential for London Oyster-style ticketing UK. The bus station will be the Government over rail devolution – seeking to across all forms of city public transport networks relocated to a site outside the place key responsibilities over local rail services (read more about integrated and smart ticketing Wythenshawe Forum where into local hands. The Government has already sig- on page 174). it will link up with a new nalled in-principle support for the further devolu- It would also allow the authorities to investigate Manchester Metrolink stop tion of powers. the potential of tram-train operation, previously providing interchange to the The five Integrated Transport Authorities and discussed for certain Manchester, Sheffield and city centre or to the airport, the Transport for Greater Manchester Committee Leeds routes. Merseyside and London already have on the Metrolink extension believe that local control could allow better inte- control over local rail services. currently under construction. The Interchange could be operational in 2015, with Metrolink operations starting Parry progresses larger PPM Railcar in 2016.

THE UK’s Parry Associates is progressing its new is similar to those used in the firm’s range ofTransit Limbiate’s last 80km/h (50mph), 18m, 120-passenger railcar design commercial vehicles. Work on developing a final minute reprieve for branch rail lines through the auspices of grant design will be undertaken by Alan Keef, the builder The closure of the Limbiate support from the UK’s Technology Strategy Board. of the chassis of the existing pair of Parry Class 139 tramway in Milan Work on the project began last November and railcars operating the Stourbridge Town branch. was cancelled at the last Autostructures in Telford has indicated its willing- A separate Regional Growth Fund-supported pro- minute after strong public and ness to look at low-volume steel and aluminium gramme is looking at the physical internal and ex- political protests. body structures with the possible production of a ternal appearance, compliance with rail regulatory It is understood that prototype monocoque body for light rail vehicles. requirements, maintenance and operational features EUR1m will be spent on Pullman Rail of Cardiff is also collaborating with and customer comfort and aspirations. catching up on deferred the design of the running gear, which comprises a A prototype is likely to be assembled at the Pull- infrastructure maintenance, four-axle railcar design with a larger ‘Puma’ clean man Rail works in Canton, Cardiff. Pullman Rail with another EUR3m required turbodiesel engine. This is supplied by the Ford has indicated that if prototype trials are successful, to secure continued operation Motor Company through its specialist driveline series production in batches of a minimum of ten to 2014. agents, Power Torque Engineering in Coventry, and units could be achievable. In the meantime planning for the Metrotranvia upgrade will continue.

Northern Virginia twin city tramway The cities of Arlington and Alexandria in Northern Virginia (US) are jointly planning an 8km (five-mile) tramway linking Pentagon City and Braddock Rd metro stations via Crystal Drive and Route 1. Environmental assessment will be completed in mid- 2013 and unlike other schemes in the US, federal funding will not be needed thanks to a Crystal City tax increment financing stream.

Midland Metro depot A concept sketch of the larger railcar, currently being developed by the UK’s Parry People Movers, in conjunction with a contract awarded number of other British rail manufacturing specialists. PPM A major component of the UK’s GBP128m (EUR153.6m) Midland Metro upgrade Nottingham clears the path for Phase Two construction – expansion of Wednesbury depot in preparation for THE UK’s Nottingham City Council organised information the arrival of a new tram sessions with local residents in March, in areas along the two fleet – has been awarded new tramlines to Clifton and Chilwell. Representatives from to infrastructure facilities the NET Project Team, Tramlink Nottingham, and the Taylor company Morgan Sindall in Woodrow/Alstom joint venture, answered questions put by a contract worth GBP13m the 1700 people who attended the various sessions. (approx. EUR15.6m). A section of the line to Clifton will utilise a length of the Work to expand the depot former Great Central Railway’s route in Wilford. Part of the must be completed by June former rail formation currently consists of an embankment, 2013, without interruption seen here newly cleared of vegetation on 6 March. This to the current day-to-day embankment will have to be removed to allow trams to run at operation and maintenance ground level. Picture: Mike Haddon facilities.

www.tramnews.net l www.Irta.org may 2012 171 News

Aruba picks batteries Alstom disputes for tourist tramway It is hoped the 2.7km (1.7-mile) line linking the cruise Sacramento LRV order terminal at Welcome Plaza Alstom Transportation in the US has and Plaza Comercio in the challenged Sacramento RTA over its award of a centre of Oranjestad, Aruba, USD20m contract for the overhaul of 21 UTDC-built will open later this year. LRVs acquired from San Jose in 2003 to Siemens. The eight-stop single-track The high-floor cars have never been used in Sac- line is hoped to revitalise the ramento, although they were in fully operational capital of this small tourist island condition when sold, but the RTA now requires in the Lesser Antilles (27km, them and wants to carry out a mid-life overhaul 17 miles, from the northern before they enter service. coast of Venezuela) and serve When the contract went out to tender, Alstom’s the 700 000 cruise passengers bid was USD16m. RTA says Siemens (which has a who arrive annually. factory in Sacramento) came out ahead of Alstom in HTM is providing all bid categories except price. technical advice and has The award of the contract has been delayed while One of the ex-San Jose LRVs in the Sacramento RTA recommended rechargeable RTA considers the Alstom protest. workshop. R. Pench battery power for the open top cars running on PCC bogies. Each will have a capacity of 70 passengers. Edinburgh tramway Silkworm design Balfour Beatty in Gold passenger forecast cut revealed for Coast contract win Balfour Beatty has been EDINBURGH’S council has drastically cut its prediction of the tramway awarded the AUD14m number of passengers likely to use the UK city’s under-construc- contract to design, procure, tion tramway, following the cutting back of the route to operate Bursa-based steel products install and commission the only between the airport and St Andrew Square. company Durmaziar has shown a overhead power supplies for The original line to Newhaven was expected to carry ten mil- prototype 100% low-floor tram des- the Gold Coast Transit lion passengers a year, but the curtailed tramway is now expected ignated Silkworm for use on the city light rail line in Australia. to carry only 5.4m. centre tramway. City of Edinburgh Council has been told that passenger num- Displayed at the Eurasiarail exhi- Casablanca begins bers and profitability could be improved significantly if the tram- bition in Istanbul, , on 8-10 test running line was extended along Leith Walk, but Gordon Mackenzie, March, the Silkworm uses traction The first powered test run Edinburgh City Council’s transport convener, has said that the equipment from Siemens’ Combino on the new Casablanca Council rejected this option as too costly and likely to “have in- family, and the prototype was shown tramway in Morocco took creased uncertainty over the delivery timescale.” on a joint Durmaziar/Siemens stand; place on 16 January. The Even so, the Council has indicated that even with the shortened 14 of the five-section cars will be 74 Alstom Citadis trams are line, the joint Lothian bus and tram operation is expected to be purchased for the under-construction single-ended but double- profitable after the start of tram services in summer 2014. 6km (3.7-mile) Bursa tramway if sided, so will operate in With more trams being delivered to Gogar depot and with trials prove satisfactory. back-to-back formation. testing and driver training taking place on the short test track, Additionally, the two manufactur- Opening date is given as attention has turned to completing infrastructure on other parts ers are reportedly jointly develop- 12 December, but it remains of the line. ing a high-floor LRV for the planned to be seen whether this can Works are concentrating on the eastern end of Princes Street extensions to the network, be achieved as construction with sites at Shandwick Place and Haymarket being extended to which currently uses Bombardier is behind schedule. include West Maitland Street but allowing The Mound to re-open Flexity Swift and Siemens cars to buses and taxis. assembled locally by Tuvasas.

In your next issue of Blackpool: Reinvigorated for the Tramways & Urban Transit gives a comprehensive review of the GBP101m project to rebuild Britain’s oldest street-running electric tramway – with many exclusive images of the project’s stages and interviews with the key figures.

Lyon: Expanding a success story is one of many ancient French cities, but its light rail network opened in 2001 and is part of France’s modern tramway revival. Combined with an impressive metro system, the tramway expanded in 2006 and again in 2009 – and now no fewer than three extensions are being built. Eric Stuart reports.

SYSTEMS FACTFILE: Pittsburgh Vic Simons takes a look at Pittsburgh, where the ‘T’ light rail system has helped Pennsylvania’s second city and former steel town reinvent itself as a commercial and light industrial centre.

For your complete light rail news digest… look no further! Regularly carrying more than 100 news reports and features from around the globe, Tramways & Urban Transit is your complete reference point for worldwide light and urban rail news.

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HEADLINE SUPPORTERS

The 7th Annual UK Light Rail Conference and exhibition brings together over 200 SPEAKERS INCLUDE: decision-makers for two days of open debate, covering all aspects of light rail development Norman Baker MP – UK Parliamentary – the event also includes a tour of one of Manchester Metrolink’s new extensions. Under-Secretary of State for Transport Geoff Inskip – Chief Executive, centro ❱ Modules and debates for 2012 include: UKTram working group updates and Chair of UKTram and pteg ❱ Operator forum: Sharing best practice ❱ Utilities: Striking the right balance Ian Brown CBE ❱ Travel options: Improving the passenger ❱ Establishing a UK “Centre of Procurement Paul Matthews – Chairman, RATP Dev UK experience and inter-modal operation Excellence” Simon Coulthard – Head of Tram-Train ❱ Environmental impact: Are we as green ❱ Affordable tramway access to major Projects, Network Rail as we can be? urban regeneration Roger Harrison – Chairman, Tramlink Nottingham ❱ Complimentary modes: Choosing the ❱ Making PFIs work in a light rail context Thomas J. Potter – Chief Engineer, ❱ right transport solution Reinvigorating the Blackpool tramway Bybanen AS ❱ Wired vs. wireless: Should we lose the wire? ❱ Tram-train: UK update Andrew Braddock – Director General, UKTram ❱ Trackform and construction innovation ❱ Making LRT work: Convincing the politicians Peter Jones – Technical Director, ❱ Standardisation vs. bespoke solutions ❱ 2015… now what for the UK? MPT Consortium (Manchester Metrolink) AC>>=@B320G

UKLRC12173_TAUT1205_UKLRC12.indd advert for TAUT1205.indd 1 1 1/4/122/4/12 17:00:13 09:56:46 Smart ticketing How new ticketing technologies can change the face of urban rail John Austin gives an overview of the drivers behind the adoption of new ticketing technologies for transport operators, and how they are driving ridership in many cities.

crucial aspect of urban rail operation, and one with transit operators to reap the benefits of having cash deposits many facets, is the whole issue of for travel, without incurring the associated cash handling costs. Ahow passengers pay for them, and how urban rail operators Another cost associated with traditional urban rail interact with passengers during that process. ticketing is the staff cost involved in selling tickets at ticket For example, while the vast majority of journeys on offices, while a further one is opportunity cost – i.e. the the national rail network in Great Britain are undertaken revenue lost by not doing something. If passengers have to using paper card ticketing – as the recently-released report queue to buy a ticket, or have to struggle to find the right Realising the potential of GB Rail by Sir Roy McNulty change to make the ticket purchase, they might choose not recognised – there are a huge number of benefits to to use a tram or a light rail service and instead take a taxi, adopting electronic ticketing, which is now beginning to where a credit card or banknotes might be accepted – or happen in urban and semi-urban rail networks at a faster perhaps they will walk. pace of development. It should be noted that the move towards cashless transactions is never going to remove monetary transactions Two drivers to exploit new technology altogether because in certain cities and regions a significant Technological change in Intelligent Transport Systems is proportion of users of urban rail may come from the to a large extent driven by commercial opportunities and, unbanked community; while there might also be major as technology develops and opens up and extends what is social exclusion concerns if the use of cash to buy tickets possible regarding ticketing, the pressure to exploit what it was no longer an option for passengers. can offer comes from two sources. In a strongly regulated environment such as the UK, for Firstly, from the passengers’ viewpoint, ticketing is instance, agreements between the various players in urban a key aspect of the travel experience and technology rail operation may also require the continuance of paper. provides opportunities to both address issues of concern Cash purchases may need to be available, as well, to to passengers and to improve the travel experience. The address the impulse user who does not wish to buy a passenger using any urban rail system wants fares that are smartcard. That said, making smartcards widely available easy to understand, are perceived as good value for money (assisted by strong brand marketing such as has been and which are convenient to pay for. successfully adopted with Oyster in London), and making New ticketing technologies can provide this by cards for the impulse buyer recyclable, with a deposit, making the delivery of zonal or multi-journey tickets can also help. If the ticket brand is strong enough, and if straightforward (via a ‘smart’ device such as a smartcard or purchase and automatic top-up is easy and does not require a mobile phone); by automatically recording use and then holding a large balance on the card, then smartcards are providing a cap on fares once use in a specific time period also attractive to the very occasional but familiar travellers, has crossed a certain threshold; and by enabling automatic again as is the case with Oyster. top-up of smartcards or similar direct from bank accounts. They can also provide easy adoption of ‘carnet-style’ Transfer and an integrated network pricing, as the 21st Century lifestyle increasingly demands Some of the benefits of new ticketing technologies have flexibility (with more and more people working partly from already been mentioned above, but one other significant an office and partly from home), while old-style paper and factor is the fact that electronic ticketing makes transfer card tickets can only offer season tickets, which are aimed between different modes easier as a single ticket can be only at people making the same journey each day during a used throughout the whole journey. set time period. Intelligent electronic ticketing can be a real benefit Secondly, there is a growing pressure from urban rail here and a single ticketing brand for a city can be a very operators to move away from cash as much as possible in symbolic move as well as a practical way of joining up the ticketing transactions and towards the electronic solutions network and giving added value to the light rail passenger. delivered by new ticketing technologies – this is for a One striking example of this is Dublin, Ireland, where number of reasons. A principal one is that cash transactions the new multi-modal Leap Card (see www.leapcard.ie) have major associated costs for urban rail operators. They was introduced in December 2011 following a period require the maintenance of a large number of machines with where traditionally the three public transport operators moving parts, and they may require passengers to have the – bus, heavy rail (including the urban DART network), correct , thus causing inconvenience for passengers and and the Luas light rail system – had not presented a single making urban rail less attractive against competing modes, public transport brand to public transport travellers in primarily the private car. They involve the cost of printing Greater Dublin. large numbers of tickets, and this cost may additionally A clear consequence of the Leap Card for the Irish capital be inflated because of special and sophisticated printing was that the profile of public transport in the city increased necessary to discourage fraud. and is expected to continue to do so as the number and By contrast, smartcards or other personal devices used range of fares products available on the Leap Card grows. for validating entry to and travel on the urban rail system From a position where ‘pay-as-you-go’ is the prime are much more geared towards pre-payment. This enables product, the aim is for the number of travel products

174 MAY 2012 www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org “A single intelligent electronic ticketing brand for a city can be a very symbolic move as well as a practical way of joining up the network and giving added value to the light rail passenger.” available on the Leap Card to significantly increase – with Above: Making which ‘ITSO’ is the abbreviation. This is a reflection of the season tickets planned to be available later this year, and an ticketing purchases fact that smartcards are simply one member of a growing extension to cover private sector bus operators planned for simpler and more family of smart ticketing options that are available to public the near future. convenient is transport operators and authorities. ITSO-compliant schemes have been expanding ITSO and interoperability the aim of every transport operator. significantly over the past year, and an important forthcoming In an environment where there are many operators, but no Nexus, the Tyne & one is NESTI – the North East Smart Ticketing Initiative. mandatory control exercised by one single overarching Wear Integrated It will cover an area stretching from Northumberland to authority, an open-system and interoperability becomes the Tees Valley, but which has the Tyne & Wear Metro as a essential to enable full multi-modal smart travel to Transport Authority, key public transport mode in the conurbation that lies at the happen on any substantial scale. That is where the UK’s is rolling out new region’s heart. There are three major bus operators in the Department for Transport-supported ITSO standard comes smart-enabled ticket area and a large number of smaller ones, plus several rail into its own. machines at all of operators and a cross-Tyne . ITSO was originally set up as the ‘Integrated Transport its stations, such as Nexus, the Tyne & Wear Integrated Transport Authority, Smartcard Organisation’, following discussions between the one seen here is commissioning a back-office IT system, while the Metro a number of UK passenger transport authorities that were at Kingston Park. light rail system will play an important role as an early concerned with the lack of standards for interoperable Nexus introducer of NESTI equipment. Metro gates and validators smartcard ticketing. ITSO is unique in terms of transport will enable touch-in and touch-out of smartcards from early smartcard specifications in that it covers all essential 2013, when a Stored Travel Rights pilot on Metro will components of a transport ticketing system – the card itself, offer a guarantee of best fare and a daily price-capping. point of service and back office systems. The first visible fruit of the system is the Pop smartcard, But ITSO now uses the term ‘smart ticketing’ rather than launched on the Metro in February 2011 and being rolled smartcards, and no longer refers to the original term of out this year.

www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org may 2012 175 Smart ticketing

While bus operators in the North East have their own smartcard brands the NESTI project will ensure Pop cards can be used across Metro, all bus companies in the region and local rail. As in England’s North East, a self-contained urban rail system will become the launching pad of Strathclyde Partnership for Transport’s ITSO-compliant smart ticketing system in Glasgow in 2013, where the Subway underground rail system line will perform that initial role. ITSO has also been adopted enthusiastically by the Go-Ahead group which operates UK urban and commuting rail networks like Southern and London Midland. The ‘key’ card model adopted by several Go-Ahead subsidiaries permits integration of bus and rail ticketing, allowing each mode to do the job it does best in the specific urban areas in which it operates. In cities where there is a strong overall control of the public transport system, interoperability will be very important, but it can be handled in a different way from countries such as the UK where outside London (which is a special case) there is a strong argument for an all-embracing standard like ITSO. The organisational and business model in Lisbon, , has an open API (Application Programming Interface), a central collection system which is able to be used by all stakeholders, and a middleware used for handling communication of devices and for implementing the API. Like Dublin, integration and partnership between modes gives the benefits of scale: smart ticketing is distributed via 5000 selling points, but a special factor in Lisbon is the use of an ATM-based distribution network, made possible using open IT architecture. Lisbon’s model allows any system provider to submit new modules to the system. In some European cities where interoperability is an issue, commercial agreements have been introduced to ensure that all card readers not only accept all cards, but also interpret the data correctly and perform the necessary actions. Oyster and EMV Above: Onboard validators, like those seen on ’s trams, allow high passenger flows One recent development in urban public transport ticketing and can remove the need for conductor or driver fare processing. Neil Pulling which is of great significance is Transport for London’s decision to adopt the EMV standard (Europay, Mastercard, Below: Dublin’s transport network has embraced smart ticketing with the Leap Card, valid on Visa) for electronic ticketing, beginning with adoption for the Luas light rail system, the DART suburban rail network and the city’s buses. Neil Pulling buses in 2012 and then extending to the Underground.

176 may 2012 www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org This article has covered a number of new technologies “Tyne & Wear Metro gates and which are being or may be adopted for intensive light and urban rail systems. While the future is always an unknown validators will enable touch-in it seems safe to predict that as technology develops there will continue to be strong demand from passengers for and touch-out of smartcards easier purchase and for more flexibility in the process of purchasing travel tickets and in travel products themselves. from early 2013, and a Stored From the travel supplier’s perspective, operators and authorities will continue to seek to both improve the passenger experience (and so attract travel on their systems) Travel Rights pilot will offer a and also to reduce unit costs of ticket sales. TAUT guarantee of best fare and a daily price-capping.” Clearly this requires very close co-operation with the banking sector, but it is of great significance as it means that ultimately public transport smartcards could be Left: Smartcards, integrated with other applications totally outside transport. such as the Pop This therefore makes urban public transport much more for the UK’s Tyne accessible to those who have not used it before or only & Wear region, very little. are popular with It also means the cost of ticket sales has the potential to operators and be significantly reduced through reductions in the cost of passengers alike. customer service and revenue protection functions, along Nexus with reductions in the cost of the cards themselves as people need fewer cards in their pocket to perform the same functions. Left: Touch-in and TfL’s decision to integrate Oyster with contactless debit touch-out validators and credit payments means it will also become one of the are an increasingly word’s biggest merchants using such EMV cards. common sight on One of the key challenges that has had to be overcome light rail systems is transaction speed, as a high speed is vital to avoid worldwide. overcrowding at ticket barriers and at the station Nexus concourses behind. Oyster transaction speed is around 350 milliseconds while typical contactless debit and credit card payment times are slower at around 500 milliseconds. However, this can be overcome to an extent by reducing the amount of complexity and interrogation that takes place at the ticket barrier: under EMV there is a migration of emphasis from the card readers at the ticket barriers to the back office, where all the complex calculations regarding John Austin fares and price caps will now take place. is Managing At the same time that Oyster is migrating to EMV, Consultant of Transport for London is also implementing ITSO alongside Austin Analytics, it. This is so rail passengers travelling from the national rail a transport network – both outside and within London – (and passing consultancy through ITSO-compliant ticket barriers) will be able to be specialising accommodated by the Underground’s ticketing machines. in passenger Oyster readers in London should be able to read ITSO transport and sustainable cards by the end of 2013. transport. Mobile phone ticketing John is also Vice-Chair of One public transport ticket technology that has been the National growing significantly in popularity and use recently Association is ticketing on mobile phones, through QR codes and of Taxi Users, therefore not requiring a smartphone. A market leader in and a member this field is Masabi, which is also developing ticketing and of Transport information apps on phones and has sold its solutions to Associates’ a number of train operating companies in the UK. Such Network, ‘apps’ turn the mobile phone into both a personal ticket a group of machine and the ticket itself. independent Early versions of mobile scanning technology were felt consultants. to be too slow for mass transit application but Masabi’s John has current technology is claimed to scan as fast as 240 worked in public milliseconds on average. transport for Also, as more mobile phone models with Near Field over 20 years, Communication (NFC) come onto the market this developing concepts and may give a boost to this technology as NFC not only strategies and enables ticket verification but it also increases the range influencing of functions a mobile phone can perform, offering a policy and promising future for take-up. decision-makers This might make passengers more inclined to use a in a wide range mobile phone ticket purchase and verification system if it of areas. were available to them.

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178-InnotransGerb_AD.indd 1 2/4/12 09:59:15 Operational safety Tram Driver Risk Index: Safer journeys Tram drivers are always under pressure, so how can we help them do a good job? Dr Lisa Dorn of Cranfield University explains how new research is playing its part.

of trying to stick to a set schedule, coupled with long shifts and responsibility for passenger safety can all contribute. Driver stress outcomes are often characterised by a poor fit between the individual and the traffic environment which may lead to reduced safety at work. This is because driver stress can impair performance through distracting him or her from maintaining safety, or generating potentially dangerous strategies such as reacting aggressively to other road users or engaging in self-distraction. Possible adverse outcomes of inappropriate tram driver behaviour include road traffic incidents, passengers falling when boarding or alighting, failing to check the doors have cleared before closing, insufficient observation, poor customer service and rule violations. Yet not all drivers are at equal risk of being involved in these kinds of events, given that a relatively small percentage of the workforce is generally responsible for a significant number of incidents and the level of responsiblities vary from system to system.

Research and DriverMetrics In 2007, Cranfield University was commissioned to develop an instrument to assess individual differences in tram driver riving a tram or LRV has a lot in common with Above: The job behaviour for recruitment and selection purposes. buses and main line trains – all of them require of the tram and The research was conducted under the auspices of 100% concentration for every second of the journey LRV driver can DriverMetrics – a company making the research-validated Dbecause the lives of hundreds of passengers are entrusted to be a stressful Driver Risk Index (DRI) commercially available to hundreds a single person who must constantly be on top form. and demanding of organisations including road haulage companies, Like a train, controlling speed and motion is at the pull occupation posing emergency services and fleet-based organisations in the of a lever; drivers must keep a close eye on fixed signals, many challenges; UK and 24 other countries. The DRI is a psychometrically- and also maintain radio contact with the control room for as such the based instrument to profile driver risk. It takes several years’ up-to-date route information. However, like driving a bus, recruitment and research to get the measuring mechanism right. driving a tram requires regular and closely-spaced stops on training of existing The DRI identifies individual differences in behaviour to specific routes within a town or city to pick up and drop off assess vulnerability to behaviour and coping with situations. passengers, collecting fares and handling customer queries. and potential The scales have demonstrated content, construct and The whole passenger service industry is responsible for drivers needs to be criterion validity and reliability in over 65 peer-reviewed safety and comfort, and working to a set timetable. carefully assessed. academic publications. DriverMetrics also includes an All three have major safety issues to consider. Tram Neil Pulling online management information system and provides an drivers must check that passengers have boarded and overall reporting structure for monitoring, review and alighted safely before closing the doors and moving off. ensuring that the company has fulfilled its duty of care. They must also watch out for traffic and pedestrians as trams The DRI results are on a numeric scale. Each contains operate alongside roads and pavements, and within built-up a number of questions which tap into typical thoughts, areas. The nature of handling a tram or LRV means the feelings and behaviour from different angles. A score is then driver has no lateral control over the vehicle, and braking produced for each scale and each is compared with a large efficiency is low (compared to motor vehicles). Tram- sample serving as a benchmark or ‘norm group’. specific risks are associated with signalling systems and After completion, one of potentially hundreds of blocked tramways… in fact many opportunities occur during thousands of profiles is instantly sent to email. These a working day for potentially hazardous situations to appear. provide psychometric reports that identify who is It is clear then that a tram driver’s job is a demanding potentially most at risk of having an incident, and why. one, with the potential for many sources of stress and Given that individual differences in tram driving need fatigue. It is essential that crews maintain vigilance and to be assessed both for job suitability and tram driver risk behave appropriately in such safety-critical environments to management the Cranfield research for First Tram Operations maximise passenger satisfaction, comfort and safety. Crash started from the premise that whilst being in charge is likely investigators have repeatedly shown that vehicle, roadway to be stressful and demanding, stress does not influence or environmental factors are not the frequent principal all tram drivers equally. They can react quite differently to cause of crashes – it is driver behaviour. traffic, the road environment and events such as pedestrians stepping in front of them in a busy city centre, and Tram driver stress and performance personalities obviously vary from person to person. The effect of stress and fatigue on performance has been These factors need to be taken into account in assessing the subject of scientific enquiry for several decades, but a person’s suitability for working in such a safety-critical over the last 25 years researchers at Cranfield University environment. in Bedfordshire, UK, have focused on the effects of driver stress and fatigue. Tram driver research programme Their studies have shown that driving for work can The Cranfield research started with a review of previous be highly stressful, resulting from high and conflicting academic literature on individual differences in driver risk. demands and lack of control over work pace and driving The literature review revealed that driving required specific situations. Factors intrinsic to the job, such as the pressure characteristics to cope with operating a tram well and that

www.tramnews.net www.Irta.org may 2012 179 Operational safety these personality traits, attitudes and behavioural styles may Right: Operational be linked to safety. The next stage involved site visits to see safety is paramount crews at work and study what the operational risk factors to light rail are. From the first two studies, an interview schedule operations was designed and a third involved in-depth interviews to worldwide in investigate work demands, feelings about risk and how maintaining public safety might be compromised. trust, reducing the From this foundation of studies, a pilot questionnaire financial burden was designed as the first step in the development of a of incidents as well psychometric instrument. It contained tram-specific items as well as existing scales known to predict driver behaviour and as meeting legal poor performance. The next phase was to ask 168 tram drivers obligations. to complete the questionnaire. Their responses were processed Neil Pulling to get the Tram Driver Risk Index (Tram DRI) going.

The five considerations for recruitment The research programme findings were used to create the Tram DRI for recruitment. It includes five sections consisting of situational risk, general driving personality, tram-specific behavioural risk, coping risk and socially- desirable responding, to establish the extent to which the tram driver is biased in reporting his/her own behaviour. This is an important consideration when assessing a person’s suitability as a tram driver as the selection process must consider that the individual may be faking. Right: It is commonplace in l Impression Management measures the extent to which some countries a tram driver is reporting a favourable image of their own for drivers to also driving behaviour. have fare collection l The situational risk section covers age, licence responsbilities. endorsements and exposure to risk. Neil Pulling l General Tram Driving Personality measures thrill-seeking (an inclination to use driving a tram as a way of gaining excitement), Fatigue Proneness (and its effects when driving a tram); Other Drivers (the extent to which tram drivers view other road users as culpable for problems they encounter); Driving Concerns (a propensity to worry about the possibility of negative events whilst in control); Normlessness (poor adherence to societal norms) and Diligence (steady and careful application of effort and proper attention to the task). l The Tram-Specific Behavioural Risk section assesses Hazard Monitoring (tram drivers’ tendency to consciously maximise observations and actively watch out for hazards); Concentration (concentrating on driving and susceptibility to distraction); and Anxiety (the extent to which tram drivers feel worried when driving under time pressure). l The Coping Risk section includes ways of reducing stress and improving safety performance. These include fulfilled its health and safety duty of care to its employees. Confrontation (dealing with difficult driving situations by Importantly, it can flag up potential situations before being hostile towards other road users); Avoidance Coping high-risk drivers go off the rails. (assesses the extent to which tram drivers ignore a problem and act like nothing bad happened); Effective Coping In summary… (dealing with stressful driving situations by focusing on Increasingly, companies are assessing drivers for driving and adapting to meet the demands of the situation); appropriate attitudes and behaviour and monitoring driving and Blame-based Coping (the tendency to blame other road standards and safety performance to ensure compliance. users for problems and stressful situations). Safety is paramount to everyday business and minimising As well as a recruiting tool, the Tram DRI can also be the number of incidents helps maintain public trust, reduce used by the drivers themselves to assess strengths and the financial burden of incidents as well as meet legal weaknesses, increasing awareness of personal responsibility obligations. A positive safety culture is one that is able for safety at work. While a driver may routinely travel the to demonstrate a commitment towards safety with the same route, their style will vary from day to day, depending motivation and resources to pursue and communicate safety upon demands placed upon them, their personality and stress goals and information. The key to a positive safety culture vulnerability. As shown in some Tram DRI profiles, drivers lies in demonstrated commitment by managers and leaders under pressure may find their attention is less focused or to create an atmosphere where involvement in safety is the they may resort to becoming annoyed with passengers or norm. One way in which that can be achieved is with robust other road users. Tram crews must learn to understand their recruitment and risk management policies and procedures decision-making under such circumstances. using evidence-based tools. TAUT The Management Information System (MIS) is an important component of the driver risk programme as part references of the review process. The MIS automatically gathers data L. Dorn, L. Stephen, A. E. Wåhlberg, and J. Gandolfi (2011). Developing and from the Tram DRI into an overall management reporting Validating a Self Report Measure of Bus Driver Behaviour. Ergonomics, 53(12). structure, enabling the manager to easily supervise the entire process. The MIS incorporates the results of each G. Matthews, L. Dorn, T.W. Hoyes, D. R. Davies, A. I. Glendon & R.G. Taylor (1998). assessment, enabling monitoring, review, compliance and Driver Stress and Performance on a Driving Simulator. Human Factors, 40(1). providing an audit trail. This ensures that the company has

180 may 2012 www.tramnews.net l www.Irta.org Advertorial The SRS Road Rail story round 30 years ago, the Chief Civil Engineer of the Swedish Railways had a simple, but brilliant idea. AFrustrated by the time it took to move material from the depot to any given work site on the railway, he initiated the design of a lorry which could travel most of the way by road, mount the track at a and complete its journey by rail. The SRS Road Rail lorry was born. The concept was soon extended to include a comprehensive range of mounted equipments, enabling these vehicles to be used for a wide variety of tasks. The Road Rail lorry added a new dimension to permanent way engineering, in much the same way as the advent of the Harrier jump jet added to the capability and flexibility of the Royal Air Force. SRS Rail System Limited With a purpose-built depot in central England and an expanding fleet of SRS Road Rail Bolsover, available for hire across the UK SRS Rail System designed a special seven- lorries, SRS Rail System supplies these – rapid response is a speciality. station drilling rig, mounted on an SRS specialist vehicles, together with highly- 25-ton Road Rail vehicle. Interlocks ensured trained operators, worldwide – most recently Renewal of OHLE infrastructure the vehicle was stationary before the drills to the new Metro in and A fleet of 53 SRS Road Rail vehicles were were deployed and that the drills were north of the Arctic Circle in . purchased for the mammoth task of renewing withdrawn before the vehicle could move. Here are four typical examples of the over 400 miles of infrastructure With the highly-trained crew, a six-minute application of SRS Road Rail vehicles: on the UK’s West Coast Main Line in 2005. cycle time was developed: drill seven holes Their performance was described by the – move – drill seven holes – move – etc. This Rapid response Joint Venture Project Director, John Osborne: was reduced to a best time of four minutes, At 03.30 on Saturday 1 March 2008, the “Road Rail vehicles provided a versatile and some 105 holes per hour. SRS Rail System duty manager at Bolsover, effective means of servicing a work site 400 A STRAIL rubber Road Rail access Derbyshire, UK, received a call from the miles long. The man basket allows work platform was constructed 200m from the west Network Rail Rapid Response Team. The teams to adjust overhead lines in perfect portal of the . Here the vehicle could West Coast Main Line had been blocked safety, using the onboard as mount the track in five minutes, drive to the in the Tring area in Hertfordshire by three necessary for checking wire position. work site in an average of 10 minutes and 20-foot containers, which freak gusts of wind “Created to the project’s bespoke deploy the drills in one minute – a total of had blown from their wagons. requirements, their ability to work in 16 minutes. Recovery was similar. One container had landed on its end and awkward and otherwise inaccessible was blocking the two central tracks and locations has been invaluable. Bridge supporting overhead line. Just three-and-a- “Reliability is also excellent: the vehicles positioning half hours later, an SRS articulated Road Rail are in use seven hours a night, five or six Bridge vehicle carrying a Palfinger PR750 crane nights a week (actually on site and driving to manufacturer arrived on site. A specialist crew had been and from site) and have performed 368,000 Barhale mobilised and the crane had covered around hours since the project started.” employed the 75 miles by road and a little by rail. SRS Rail System It took half an hour to lift each container Drilling in Saltwood Tunnel to both transport and move it to the cess. Such rapid response Saltwood Tunnel lies on the main rail route to and lift into can only be achieved with commercial the Channel Tunnel crossing near Folkestone. position a six-ton road-going vehicles which have been It required strengthening, but it also carried replacement converted to road rail vehicles. a very busy piece of railway with twin bridge near the SRS Rail System operates a pool of 24 third-rail tracks into Dollands Moor Sidings. UK town of Iron SRS Road Rail vehicles from its facility at The 872 metre-long tunnel could only be Horse. made available for engineering work once a Barhale week for five hours, with occasional longer delivered the bridge to nearby railway sidings track possessions. where an SRS crane lifted it onto two SRS The task consisted of drilling 2300 holes rail trailers. These were hauled the final three through brick lining of variable quality to miles by a 25-ton SRS Road Rail truck. inject grout behind. Each hole was 35mm in At the site a Palfinger 750 crane lifted the diameter and 700-1000mm deep; two arrays bridge onto bearings prepared by Barhale. of holes at 2500mm centres were required. The 750 t.m. crane is believed to be the As time was very limited, it was essential largest road rail crane in the world; it is to mount the track as soon as the last train mounted on an SRS 44-ton articulated Road had passed and to move quickly to the site. Rail vehicle. TAUT

Contact: SRS Rail System – +44 (0)870 050 9242 or email [email protected]

www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org may 2012 181

181_TAUT1205_SRS.indd 1 3/4/12 11:01:21 A COMMERCIAL TRUCK ON HIRING THE ROAD INTERNATIONALLY A VERSATILE TRAIN ON SRS ROAD RAIL LORRIES THE TRACK SERVING THE WORLD’S RAILWAYS

TRANSPORT FROM DEPOT TO SITE An SRS works lorry sets off with 20m rails for a night’s work

AT A LEVEL CROSSING Mounting the track at a level crossing takes 5 minutes and is possible UNDER LIVE WIRES

BRIDGE INSPECTION The inspector has full control from the basket

WORKING ON OVERHEAD LINES Material can be carried from depot to site on the SRS access vehicles

LIFTING SIGNAL GANTRY BEAM WITHOUT SLEWING OVERHEAD LINES The reverse knuckle joint between lower boom and telescopic upper booms, coupled with a telescopic counterweight, allow the crane to reach round the overhead lines. The heavy crane necessitates an articulated design, thought to be the first ever articulated road rail vehicle.

FOR ROAD RAIL AT ITS BEST CALL: 0044 (0)870 050 9253, EMAIL [email protected] or VISIT OUR WEBSITE WWW.SRSRAILUK.COM

181_TAUT1205_SRS.indd 1 3/4/12 10:31:43 systems factfile No. 56 Valencia - Spain

SPAIN Introducing modern trams to Spain was part of a project to

valencia drastically restructure and enlarge public transport coverage in its third-biggest city.

words and pictures by Neil Pulling

he comeback of trams in Spain’s public transport Above: Valencia is capital of its province, one of three in mainstream began with a May 1994 opening in Grau-Canyamelar Comunitat Valenciana. Part of the latter body, Ferrocarrils Valencia. Now with 800 500 residents (metropolitan on the eastern de la Generalitat Valenciana (FGV) assumed responsibility Tarea 1.5 million), the city population multiplied 3.5 times across tramway section for narrow-gauge railways from national body FEVE in the 20th Century – a driver in urban transport development. shared by lines 5 1986. FGV’s ownership of both and TRAM Emphasising current network integration, low-entry trams and 6. in the neighbouring Alicante province (see TAUT 888 have common branding with high-platform metro lines as for a full report on Alicante’s operations) accounts for Metrovalencia. Both modes share a numbering system and commonality of tram rolling stock on the two systems. combine end-to-end to form line 5. Both are metre-gauge, Now concentrated in Valencia, some of the 3800 series but in other respects they are separate systems. once operated in Alicante. In different liveries, Metrovalencia Metro accounts for approximately 17% of the 147km and TRAM both use the more modern 4200 series. (92-mile) Metrovalencia network that is underground. The Valencia’s first trams ran in 1876, with companies delayed line 2 project that should introduce a hybrid of the competing until consolidation of urban and interurban two formats is well advanced in places, but – like many operations in 1917. Much later the physical integration developments in Spain – it is afflicted by the country’s and realignment of some routes would become central to financial problems. creating today’s Metrovalencia. ➤

www.tramnews.net www.Irta.org may 2012 183 Systems Factfile

the fleet By the final closure in June 1970, city trams were under the control of SALTUV, a body involving employee share Düwag-Siemens/ CAF 3800 ownership, as were , its last line closing in May series trams are 1976. SALTUV’s collapse led in 1986 to the city authority air-conditioned taking over what had become a bus-only network. EMT and 70% low- (Empresa Municipal de Transportes de Valencia) operates floor. The 25 around 480 buses, 46 regular routes and a future 12 which three-section provide the city’s night network. 23.78m uni- directional units A geographical inheritance are similar to Away from the Mediterranean shore, along which Spain’s those operating biggest container port and a beach resort successfully Lisbon’s line co-exist, low-lying Valencia’s main physical feature is the 15 in Portgual. wide Turia riverbed. This natural barrier left termini of the Many carry all- Iberian-gauge long distance and suburban (later Cercanias) over advertising Renfe services entering in the south and the more locally of dense focused narrow-gauge system to the north separated by coverage that Above: Metro vehicle 3966 on line 5 at Marítim-Serrería awaits return to . the city centre. extends over the Even with its drainage role replaced by a new channel windows. excavated following the 1957 floods, the old course With doors on Below: The cross-platform transfer between metro and tram at continued to fragment cross-city journeys. Today’s one side, they Marítim-Serrería: the ramp to street level is behind tram 4221. are commonly tramlines are all north of the riverbed, which continues coupled nose- to be transformed into a multi-use linear park that curves to-tail and work around Valencia’s historic heart on the southern side. line 4 which has The northern railway lines had terminated at Pont de turning loops. Fusta at the edge of Turia channel where the scale of As loadings operations is indicated by the large station building, now in increased, five police use. Transport integration began with the initial 7km uni-directional (4.4-mile) north-south metro tunnel opened in 1988. It gave Bombardier much better cross-city access and connected with the long Cityrunners south-side Villanueva de Castellón line. from Łódź, The metro today meets most expectations of that name , were in the centre and inner suburbs, yet further out, notably on hired in 2005 the 98km (61-mile) line 1, it runs through countryside and pending fleet retains long single-track sections. expansion. The first modern tram installation, 9.7km (5.9 miles), This began in mainly replaced an east-west railway that closed in 1990, from 2006, with the Pont de Fusta to the Grao district near the shore. Subsequently 100% low-floor Below: Metrovalencia’s Pont de Fusta and its more numerous tram Bombardier modified as the area developed, this now forms part of line 4 Flexity Outlook type, the 3800 series on 22 August 2011. which ends with the long Dr Lluch terminus loop. 4200 series. Being bi- directional these ‘Line 2 was projected as a cross-city link to increase public could also work the later lines transport city journeys by 2020 from around 30% to 40%.’ without turning facilities. The longer of the two FGV tram types at 32.37m, they have a capacity for 220 passengers. There are two main types of metro train in service since withdrawal of the system’s original vehicles. The eldest are 18 GEC-Alsthom 3900 series vehicles dating from 1995 that work lines 3 and 5. Line 1 is handled by 30 four-unit and 15 five-unit Vossloh 4300 series trainsets delivered from 2006.

184 may 2012 www.tramnews.net l www.Irta.org Left: Only basic lettering relieves the non-standard white livery of Flexity Outlook 4204. Right: Before transition to trams, the suburban rail service; this was Pont de Fusta in July 1992. Below: Now an interim stop on line 4, Pont de Fusta in August 2011.

For a brief time trams and trains had a segregated presence at Pont de Fusta. Although visually still suggesting a terminus, this busy spot became an intermediate line 4 stop with tracks looping around ornamental fountains. The longest tram service at 15.9km (9.9 miles), line 4 has extended substantially to the west, most recently to Lloma Llarga- Terramelar in December 2005. Students have a strong presence along this route as it connects several academic sites. Envisaged as the basis of a future orbital line, line 6 opened in October 2007 and now shares 6.1km of its 10km (6.2-mile) length with line 4. At the southern end it shares track with most of the 1.2km (0.75-mile) tram-operated eastern end of line 5. This normally uses one tram providing a 20-minute frequency, terminating at Neptú, a short walk from the beach and marina. The other terminus is Maritim-Serreria, the tramway’s most elaborate stop due to it being covered and shared with line 5 metro stock; transfers between the modes are cross-platform. Not inherently in an area of high passenger demand, Empalme (originally Ademuz) near the northern portal of the main line 1 tunnel has been developed as a main Bus-tram-metro transfers take place on one level at Empalme on the Metrovalencia network.

network facts

. Tram opened: 1876-1970 . Main frequency: 15 minutes (metro) . Ownership and operation: Ferrocarrils de la (electrification 1900); 1994 6-10 minutes (tram) Generalitat Valenciana (FGV) . Tramway gauge: Lines: 3 tram; 3 metro (including line 5 shared) 1000mm . Power: 750V dc tram; 1500V dc metro INFORMATION . Length: 147km (92 miles) – both overhead supply . Transport network: www.metrovalencia.es . Approximate weekday hours: 05.30-23.00 . Fleet: 44 tram; 63 metro . Civic information: www.valencia.es . Stations/stops: 133 . Depots: 1 tram; 2 metro . Tourist information: www.turisvalencia.es ➤

www.tramnews.net www.Irta.org may 2012 185 Systems Factfile

Left: Vossloh 4330 takes the Llíria metro line at Empalme; line 4 is to the right.

interchange. Few steps are needed here to transfer between Above: 4208 leaves Mixing surface and tunnel running, line 2 was metro, tram, bus and a small parking site. Metrovalencia’s Tossal del Rei, projected as a 10km (6.2-mile) cross-city link for 25 modern headquarters near Valencia Sud currently a line million passengers per year in the 2004-2010 Strategic incorporates the network’s control centre and adjoins one of 6 terminus but Infrastructure Plan. It became part of the aim to increase two metro depots. A 1918-vintage FEVE T-10 projected as being the proportion of city journeys made by public transport by sits on a plinth at the entrance. on Valencia’s orbital 2020 from around 30% to 40%. Tram maintenance is at the Naranjos site with access tram route. The line on the broadly south-east to north-west axis over non-revenue track north from line 4/6 Serreria stop. would bring Metrovalencia to south-eastern districts and, The level of passenger information at stops, onboard and Above left: The via the main tunnel section, through the historic centre for on the internet is very comprehensive. The area’s two fittings at Neptú the first time. It would also create key interchanges at Norte official languages, Valencian (similar to Catalan) and at Line 5’s station and Pont de Fusta. Spanish are represented on public materials, as is English. The northern end would include track-sharing with Checking service destination signage is important as tram tram-operated line 6. Construction started in 2007 and much of the and metro both feature lines with several branches having eastern end typify 7.5km (4.7-mile) southerly phase 1 section has reached a common number. Valencia’s tram an advanced stage. However in early 2012 the Councillor The circumstances of the metro line 1 in-tunnel stops. for Infrastructure and Transport acknowledged that extra derailment of 3700 series stock in July 2006 in which 43 resources are needed to restart the stalled project and that passengers lost their lives remains contentious and sensitive. Below: In historical no date is set for services to begin. Jesús station at the location became the metro interchange influence on Rolling stock tenders have not yet been issued, but in for Valencia’s AVE (high speed rail) station in December Valencia’s transport, July 2011 Vossloh (main rail works at Albuixech just north 2010 when it was re-titled Joaquín Sorolla. In February the old Turia of Valencia) announced that line 2 requirements could be 2012 a decision was taken to modify the name to Joaquín riverbed should be met from within its Tramlink range. Line 2 problems can Sorolla-Jesús. crossed in tunnel only push back other schemes such as a north-south tram Named after the old railway company, the extravagantly by line 2 near this near the coast and completion of the orbital line. decorated principal station Estación del Norte, south of the point. Cost-cutting by FGV in early 2012 led to cutting some city, has its closest metro station under a different name, Metrovalencia services, mainly outside peak hours and Xàtiva. Next station Colón is the busiest point of the network. being most marked on line 1. TAUT valencia: essential FACTS How do I travel? Local travel: The system is zone-based, with nearly all the tramway within zone A. Tickets from machines, staffed offices and tobacconists/kiosks; initial validation compulsory. Plus supplements for anonymous re-chargeable cards, 24-hour validity on Metrovalencia and EMT with ticket T1 for zone 1: EUR3.70; many other permutations.

What is there to see? Slightly dented by seemingly constant building works, Valencia combines big city attractions with a relaxed atmosphere in a climate that encourages exploration. In this city claimed as the home of paella, Mercado Central (market) near a line 2 construction site has near-temple status in the food world. There is contrasting architecture, with the old city north of Plaza de la Reina and the City of Arts and Sciences featuring Santiago Calatrava designs along the Turia riverbed towards the port.

186 may 2012 www.tramnews.net l www.Irta.org SUPPLIERS To advertise on this page, please contact us on +44 (0) 1832 281135 or e-mail [email protected] &SERVICES Available for hire or sale nationwide

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Concluding his comprehensive review of the Ukrainian tramway landscape, Mike Russell considers the varied situations of networks in the nation’s central and southern areas.

ollowing last issue’s article, we turn now to central Above: One of the and a large number of Tatra T3SU cars, with a small Ukraine and the industrial towns and cities on and first of Odessa’s number of two-door examples still in service alongside near the lower valley, by far the biggest of large fleet of many more three-door versions; there are many coupled Fwhich is Dnipropetrovsk. Here, the first plans for a metro Tatra T3s to be sets. Recent acquisitions comprise a total of 74 T3D and were made when the city’s population had already reached refurbished locally T4D cars second-hand from , Magdeburg and one million, and construction started in 1981. and repainted Schwerin in Germany. Today, Dnipropetrovsk is a thriving metropolis, its transport in the Ukrainian Amongst those from Dresden were nine B4 trailer cars. needs met by a single metro line and a network of 16 tram national colours The initial batch of Schwerin T3s was rebuilt and refurbished and 19 routes, both crossing the Dnieper by two was 4018, seen in with out-swing doors and are allocated to trunk route 1, bridges, to serve the main commercial hub on the west bank where they have greatly improved the quality of service. The and residential and light industrial areas to the east. vul. Chizhikova on undertaking has seized the initiative to update its fleet, despite The tram fleet comprises a mixture of Ust-Katav products 17 July 2002. not being a host city for the Euro 2012 championships; its (KTM-5, KTM-8 and KTM-8M), 12 Tatra-Yug T6B5 cars latest additions being surplus T3s from Praha. Left: One of two massive lifting bridges spanning the river is to be found in the regional capital, Dnipropetrovsk, in this case served both by trams and trolleybuses. 1181 emerges from the central span on a quiet Sunday on 22 April 2007. Above: Dnipropetrovsk has upgraded its fleet with many Tatra T3D cars from Schwerin, fitted with out-swing doors. 1395+1396 are one of several coupled sets operated on high-frequency trunk line 1.

188 may 2012 www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org Some 42km (26 miles) to the north-west is the heavily industrialised city of Dniprodzerzhynsk, birthplace of former Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, with a major steel works and cement works lying in the Dnieper valley and some residential areas on elevated terrain to the south. The city formerly had a second steeply-graded line in vul. Chapaeva, but services were withdrawn and the track later removed following the runaway in July 1996 which resulted in 34 deaths and a new regulated maintenance regime for all Ukrainian tramways. The city’s tramways have recovered well from the trauma of this incident and a network of four routes is operated by a mixture of Tatra T3SU, T6B5, KTM-5, KTM-8 and KTM-8M bogie cars. Traffic to and from the DMZ steelworks, where three routes terminate, is of major importance. In 2011 the city council authorised substantial budget expenditure for rolling stock refurbishment, but the view seems to be that trolleybuses will hold the key to serving housing developments on the left bank and studies are proceeding towards introduction of this mode in the future. Kryvyi Rih is another important industrial city, built on a north-south linear axis, but served by tramway only in its southern reaches. There are really two tramways: first Above: One of is the basic, standard former Soviet group of 15 routes a small number linking workers’ housing with the steelworks and other of industrial complexes. A separate, fully-segregated, high- bogie cars in the speed express line, with central underground section, opened Dniprodzerzhinsk in the 1980s with a northwards extension added in 1999. fleet is 2001, seen This acts as a trunk feeder to the city’s commercial centre on 22 April 2007 and the conventional tram network, with which there was ascending the long interchange at the southern end of the express line (Kiltseva); gradient of Prospekt this connection was later removed but is to be reinstated. Lenina with the Contraction in industrial output has since reduced the DMK steelworks importance of the express tramway and in place of the former three-car trains of Tatra T3 cars only coupled sets visible in the valley or even single units, can now be found. Two articulated below, and a cars of type K3R-N, each rebuilt at from two Tatra passenger awaiting T3 bogie cars with a low-floor central section, are now the next car at operated alongside eight motor KTM-11 bogie cars, the only the unsheltered terrain to provide links between the commercial centre, examples in Ukraine (the only other two are on the express stopping-place outlying housing estates and the industrial base. No plans tramway in Volgograd, Russia); the three KTP-11 trailer opposite. for fleet renewal are known and the tramway relies almost cars which formed three-car trains are now out of service. entirely on Tatra products, mainly type T3SU bogie cars, but The express tramway has dedicated workshop facilities Coupled pairs of with a number of the wider T6B5 cars introduced from 1988 at Maidan Pratsi, and other interesting features include the Tatra T6B5 bogie onwards, nine Tatra-Yug cars of similar design and a solitary wooden trestle bridge over a lake at its southern end and the cars are a feature K-1 bogie car (001) dating from 2005. There are ten routes. roll-over facility at the north end of the tunnel, to permit the of the Zaporizhzhya The Donbass region to the south-east contains no fewer use of island platforms on the underground section and at tramways. Passing than eight operational tramways (two more, at Makiivka Kiltseva. The street-running tramway, served by the usual a typical piece and Stakhanov, closed in recent years), but that in the KTM-5, KTM-8 and KTM-8M cars together with seven new of Stalin Era capital, Donetsk, already described, is exceptional in terms K-1 bogie cars delivered in 2007-08, includes a number of architecture at the of scale, maintenance and prosperity. The other systems are rural sections as well as the industrial locations, but much of junction with vul. mainly much smaller residual operations from once mighty the mining industry is to be found on the trolleybus network Ivanova on 21 April networks that have fallen on hard times, largely because of in the centre and north of this sprawling metropolis. 2007 are 434+435. the loss of much of the industrial base of the Donbass. Another great industrial centre is Zaporizhzhia, set on Life beyond Donetsk is hard. Communities such as the lower reaches of the Dnieper and featuring an impressive Kostiantynivka are now almost ghost towns, the reduced curved bridge that spans a section of the river containing populations scratching a meagre existence, obtaining rapids. The bridge carries road traffic and is served by provisions from makeshift markets. In these circumstances trolleybuses, while the tramways are concentrated to the south it is a wonder that many of the tramways survive at all, and also thread their way through an extensive industrial area. but survive they do against heavy odds, and there is no Zaporizhzhia has another enormous steelworks complex indication of any serious risk of closure to even the smaller and a network of tram routes run through otherwise barren systems, though circumstances can change at short notice.

The KTM-11 bogie car is to be found in Ukraine only One of two Tatra K3R-N three-section articulated cars KTM-5 works car G-22 in the Kryvyi Rih fleet passes on the Kryvyi Rih express tramway; 209+211 are at built in Kyiv from the bodyshells of two Tatra T3 cars through the deserted covered Dzerzhinska station on Kiltseva terminus on 13 July 2006. for the express tramway in Kryvyi Rih is 067. the city’s express tramway on 24 April 2007.

www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org may 2012 189 Ukrainian tramways: Part 2

Above left: The Of these small systems, Kramatorsk exudes possibly the As elsewhere in Ukraine, the tramways that survive do so small number of most positive feel. Although the former five-route network because of the impractical ability of providing replacement surviving tramcars has been reduced to two basic lines (with a third operating bus services, many of the routes operating on sleeper-track in Kramatorsk just two works journeys each day) and the branch to the reservation in the midst of unmetalled tram streets, with have been smartly Vokzal has been closed, most tramcars have been smartly other sections involving private-of-way, including a classic repainted, such as repainted and regular-interval services introduced. Despite section on the western section of line 1 at Peremoga which KTM-5 car 0059 a fleet of only 17KTM-5 cars – of which only eight are circumnavigates the base of a colliery slag heap. passing the giant currently serviceable – the tram still plays a significant part Serviceable rolling stock comprises 12 KTM-5 bogie NKMZ works, with in the town’s transport system as some sections of route are cars, most smartly turned out in a new blue and white livery not served by frequent bus routes. that has also been applied to most of the trolleybuses. It its typical Soviet-era Druzhkivka is unfortunately not in the same league. appears that Horlivka intends to keep its trams, but serious entrance, on 23 Again, a five-route system (albeit of much more compact fleet renewal will be necessary before much longer. June 2009. size), this has been reduced to two regular lines and the The nearest tramway to Donetsk is at Avdiivka and Above right: Just important line to Portselianovyi Zavod closed, while part originally planned to be linked to it; part of the projected two regular tram of a former third route is kept solely for depot access. At link route as far as Spartak village was built in 1986, routes survive the last count, ten KTM-5 bogie cars were still available for long after the main line first opened in 1965, but never on the small traffic out of 17 in stock and none had seen a paintbrush for completed; it closed in 2000 and the track was subsequently Donbass system many years; the youngest dates from 1986. lifted. Today, Avdiivka remains a one-line tramway linking of Druzhkivka. Operation is confined to weekday daytimes and cars the housing areas in the south with the coking plant in the finish service around 18.00 Monday-Friday and 16.00 north, operated by two services, including a peak-period The truncated on Saturdays. The two routes (1, to Voksal and 2, to extended working in the industrial area. terminal point for Mikrorayon Solnechniy) share a common southern terminus The track is entirely on reservation and the rolling stock Druzhkivka line 2 at Gorbolnitsya (hospital). There is a suggestion that some comprises exclusively KTM-5 cars; 22 are in stock, of at Miskgaz is the journeys may still operate on line 4 (Univermag Mayak to which ten are coupled into paired sets for peak periods, at location for this Mikrorayon Solnechniy) but this is uncertain. least in winter. No plans are known for fleet renewal. view of Druzhkivka Kostiantynivka is perhaps the most amazing survivor, for The Yenakieve tramway, east of Donetsk and close to 073 on 23 June what was once a bustling and busy network of routes serving the main Luhansk road, exhibits a strong determination to 2009. a major industrial area is now reduced to just three serviceable survive. It was one of two tramways to take delivery of the refurbished KTM-5 cars serving two residual routes, 3 Luhansk-produced LT-10 bogie trams in 1994 and here they (Tsentralniy Rynok – Novoselivka) and 4 (Tramvayne Depot had only the shortest of lives, quickly proving themselves – Molokozavod). Other tracks have been abandoned and not up to the demands of intensive daily operation; all were some lifted. How a tramway can keep operating at all in such withdrawn by 1997. Yenakieve currently operates only solo conditions may baffle western readers, and there have been KTM-5 cars (multiple-unit operation now having ceased) a number of occasions in the recent past when its continued on three routes but recent track relaying – and the fact that operation was questioned, but survive the fearsome Ukrainian services are both regular and frequent – leads one to think winters, with their heavy toll in maintenance, it has. the tramway could enjoy future prosperity. A recent development, illustrative of the parlous state Much of the network is laid as central reservation in of the operation, is the creation of a joint project by local unmetalled tram streets and almost all the remainder is on side enthusiasts and the tramways’ management to refurbish the reservation, street track being restricted to the town centre. cars; two have been completed to date, and now an internet- Although a town based on heavy industry, the steelworks based appeal has been launched to fund further work and new itself is not served by the tramway, being located to the east. workshop equipment (such as a dust-extraction machine). Luhansk lies north-east of Donetsk; following cessation Nearer to Donetsk is the coal mining town of Horlivka. of tramway service at Stakhanov (suspended from 18 This is another tramway with supporting trolleybus system, November 2007 and formally abandoned in October 2011), with both single and coupled cars (in both modes) scuttling Luhansk is now the only tramway in Luhanska Oblast. around, but the tramway has greatly declined. From the Yet again, it has been in gradual decline for many years; brink of closure, here again fate has dealt a surprise, as levels of service have been progressively cut back and the a small number of cars have been rehabilitated – car 394 fleet reduced. Despite withdrawal of one minor service (4), locally and car 411 in Dnipropetrovsk. and closure of a couple of short route sections, the network Recent developments have been the withdrawal of town as built is almost completely intact, even if frequencies centre circular route A and the introduction of new route 6 provided by the ten services on some sections are sparse. (245-y Kvartal – Tsentr) to replace both it and former line The future, however, is laced with uncertainty, because the 3. This results in the current operation of four routes (1, 6, 7 head of the regional administration has expressed a wish to and 8), none more frequent than every 20 minutes – and in replace the tramway with an expanded trolleybus network. the case of the long line 8 to the closed Kalinin mine in the The rolling stock situation exhibits mixed fortunes. north-east, only between every 42 and 76 minutes. KTM-5 bogie cars make up the present serviceable fleet, an

190 may 2012 www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org unfortunate experience with the LT-10 bogie cars (similar to Below left: A scene dating from 2006-08. Tatra T3SU cars once operated here, that in Yenakieve) built by the local works having ended in of desolation that but all were transferred elsewhere (mainly Odessa and 2007 – although one example, 207, is kept at the depot, epitomises the Zaporizhzhya) in 1985. The impression is that Mariupol in fitful working order and generally not allowed beyond Donbass in the tramways have a secure future; reinforced by reconstruction its confines. Five K-1 bogie cars from the Dnipropetrovsk post-Soviet era: of track over a bridge on suburban circular routes 13 and factory arrived in 2004 but one of them (303) was completely on 24 June 2009, 14, which serve low-density wooden housing and enjoy burnt out in a depot fire in 2008 and another (304) is Kostiantynivka frequencies of 61 and 60 minutes respectively, when in currently out of service along with the sole KTM-8 (200). KTM-5 005 – one many other cases buses would have been substituted. Our final consideration is of the five systems in the of only a handful Moving west along the southern shoreline you arrive at south, starting with Mariupol, a major steelworking town of survivors from Mykolaiv, a major Black Sea naval port, which has a long on the Sea of Azov. In Soviet times, this was an intensive a once thriving tramway history. Horse tramways began operating in 1897 network of frequent services linking the fringes of the fleet serving this and the first electric cars ran in 1915. Today, there are five commercial centre with areas of heavy industry and the important industrial routes, operated by a mixture of KTM-5, KTM-8, Tatra-Yug workers’ housing estates. The town centre proper and port base – passes T6B5, and – the most recent deliveries – seven K-1 bogie area were served by trams, but these sections were converted one of many cars from 2007-08. A surprise arrival in November 2011 to trolleybus operation long ago, while the short branch to derelict industrial was a single Ust-Katav KTM-23 (1111) with low-floor Ploshcha Lepse was abandoned in September 2003. complexes on one centre section, the first example in Ukraine. There is a The tramway still plays an important role however and complementary four-route trolleybus system. on weekdays, service frequencies on the main system are of its infrequent By contrast, the even older and much bigger network at still good; as elsewhere, changing travel and social habits sorties along the the Black Sea port of Odessa is thriving, with tramways mean that Sunday services have been reduced in the post- surviving track in playing a major role in the city’s transport needs. Odessa communist era, while evening services after 18.00 deteriorate vul. Lenina. has always been amongst the most open of Ukraine’s cities, sharply. Furthermore, the northern projection to Aglofabrika developed under the auspices of the Empress Catherine the is worked only at shift-change times and service on other Right: One of the Great to encourage trade. sections in the industrial zone is sparse outside these hours. finest examples It is an attractive and pleasant place and even the intense Current rolling stock is entirely KTM-5 and KTM-8 bogie of industrial summer heat is made bearable by the tree-lined streets; the cars, with the exception of a batch of seven K-1 bogie cars landscape in the local beaches are tourist magnets. Tramways in Odessa Donbass region is to be found on Horlivka route 1, where refurbished KTM-5 car 394 is circumnavigating the base of the colliery slag-heap as it approaches Solomyana Balka on 1 July 2009. Bottom left: A solitary example of the unsuccessful locally-produced LT-10 bogie car has been retained by the Luhansk undertaking but is seldom if ever allowed out; sharp-eyed readers will note that it has been towed out from its resting-place in the fire-damaged depot building. 26 June Above: Coupled pairs of KTM-5 bogie cars continue to serve the 2009. Above: A classic junction between tram streets in Yenakieve on 25 Avdiivka tramway in peak-periods, as exemplified by 063+064 June 2009, with KTM-5 030 in vul. Tiunova at the point where it leaving the AKKhZ industrial terminus on 24 June 2009. Bottom right: meets the line along vul. Lermontova. Typical of many important stopping- places on Ukrainian tramways is this totally unprotected example in Mariupol’s main thoroughfare of Prospekt Illicha, with K-1 bogie car 305 approaching westbound on 18 April 2008.

www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org may 2012 191 Ukrainian tramways: Part 2

date back to 1880 and an extensive network of horse-drawn Above left: A busy two from Zwickau, Germany (in 1996). A later attempt to routes opened before World War One, complemented by a scene on Yevpatoria obtain similar cars from Brandenburg was frustrated. steam tram line to the south and an early municipal electric trunk tram line 1 on In addition to seven motor cars for passenger service operation in the Lustdorf district. All of these lines were 17 July 2011, with there are three control trailers, some of the last anywhere. laid to metre-gauge, and many built with Belgian capital. many passengers Some of these have been locally rebuilt with deeper side The main network, with its labyrinthine city centre disgorging from windows, one-piece windscreens and modified internal routings, was electrified starting in 1910; regauging to KT4 articulated car seating layouts. Solo Gotha motor cars now ply their trade Russian standard gauge started in 1934, a process not 042 to transfer to on line 2, which does not operate in the winter months. completed until 1976. Although the city’s commercial centre shuttle line 3 to the Line 3 – a shuttle service every 18 minutes between the is quite compact, greater Odessa is very much a north-south station (Voksal), Voksal and the junction with line 1 at vul. Frunze – can be linear city alongside the shore of the Black Sea and a feature which terminates worked either by the double-ended KT4 cars, solo Gotha of the tramways is the plethora of long routes both north and in vul. Frunze cars or coupled Gotha motor/control trailer sets according to south, a feature inherited from the earliest days. immediately to the availability and requirements. The system also has a summer- In recent years, rationalisation has greatly reduced the only beach route, a single-track roadside line built in 1981 number of city centre streets carrying tram tracks, and now left. and operated between mid-June and late August. This can be there are 23 lines, of which routes 5 and 28 comprise a worked by the same types of double-ended cars as line 3. splayed trunk artery. Above right: A Most cars carry all-over advertising liveries, the red and The majority of the fleet consists of Tatra T3SU cars, with busy scene at cream livery of the Gotha cars having given way in 2011 to a few surviving two-door examples. The absence of funding Odesa’s central advertisements extolling the region’s virtues as a wine producer. with which to renew on a regular basis resulted in over 100 railway station Yevpatoria also acts as the parent undertaking for the being refurbished in the undertaking’s workshops from 2002 tram terminus isolated private line at Molochne village, about 10km (6.2 onwards, reappearing in the Ukrainian national colours of at Zaliznichniy miles) to the west. This was the last new tramway to be built blue and yellow. A handful of new cars have appeared in the Voksal on 9 April in Ukraine, opened in August 1989 to provide a link to the form of one Tatra-Yug T6B5 bogie car and ten K-1 bogie 2010, with two beach for people from the contaminated Chernobyl district cars delivered in 2006-08. Odesa is conscious of its tramway refurbished Tatra T3 attending a summer rest home at Pansionat Beregoviy. The history and retained a single 1955 MTV-82 bogie car for cars in blue/yellow line is around 1.5km (0.9 miles) in length, single-track and tourist purposes, rebuilding it with unglazed sides. livery and two yet laid as roadside sleeper track, with a short branch into the The population of Odesa now exceeds one million and to be treated still in two-track depot premises at the inland end of the route. there are plans for a north/south metro line, which is bound traditional red and Operation is restricted to high summer, from early June to impact upon the tramway, but financial constraints render cream. to late August, with an advertised 30-minute service; in this project unlikely to reach fruition for some years. practice the service is augmented if traffic needs dictate. The last two tramways to consider are completely Rolling stock is a pair of permanently-coupled Gotha different in character to everything that has gone before and two-axle motor cars, transferred from Yevpatoria; car 5 are found in and near the seaside resort of Yevpatoria on (formerly 20, ex-Yevpatoria 20) is a T-59 model whilst 20 the west coast of the Crimean peninsular. (formerly 5, ex-Yevpatoria 5, ex-Mykolaiv 414) is an older Yevpatoria has a classic small-town tramway of a T-57 double-ended type. TAUT type once common in Ukraine. Laid in metre-gauge predominantly to single-track-and-loop layout (even when . Grateful thanks are due to Kostj Kozlov of Kiev for his supporting an eight-minute service), it is the prime mode great assistance in the preparation of this article. Much of transportation, with a high percentage of passengers historical and factual information has been taken from the who are summer visitors. It is now 98 years old, its history 2010 Encyclopaedia and Guidebook to Ukraine Electric being proudly acknowledged in modest publicity at regular Transport, co-authored by Kostj Kozlov, Sergei Tarkhov and intervals, and most of the original system remains intact. Aare Olander, updated where appropriate. A major northwards extension to a new housing area, opened in two stages in 1990-91, was laid predominantly Right: Sun- as double-track. The main line, 1, altered in a 1995 network worshippers ready revision to provide a more direct and attractive routing, is to board the busy from morning to night, and service is normally provided Molochne tram by Tatra KT4SU articulated cars bought in 1987-90; 12 such set of Gotha cars cars remain available for service on this route, three others 020+005 on 17 having been lost by fire or cut up for spares, whilst three more (031, 038 and 039) have been rebuilt to double-ended July 2011, ready layout in the undertaking’s workshops. A programme of for lunch at the KT4SU refurbishment began in 2011, undertaken at . Pensionat at the The gems of Yevpatoria are a small fleet of two-axle northern end of Gotha cars imported from starting in 1957, this short line that supplemented by others from Mykolaiv, Simferopol (in operates in high 1971 on closure of the metre-gauge tramway there), and summer only.

192 may 2012 www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org Worldwide review

ALGERIA

ALGIERS. Commercial opening of the new 9.1km (5.6-mile) tramway is likely to take place on 5 July. A. Senut ORAN. The first powered test on the new tramway took place on 4km (2.4 miles) of line from Sidi Maârouf depot on 20 February. A. Senut

ARGENTINA

MENDOZA. One of the tracks into the city was completed in time for trials on 18 February and a formal ceremony on 23 February using cars 1001/2. All 11 ex-San Diego LRVs had arrived by the end of March, but public service is thought to be still some months away. P. Haseldine, BS

AUSTRALIA

ADELAIDE. Plans for a West End loop have Opening day for the extended Charleroi light rail system in ; TEC 7453 leaves Sud station carrying a been shelved due to lack of finance.E. B. Havens DARWIN. The Northern Territories government special promotional livery for the new network. R. Bergen has agreed to secure two corridors for a potential LRT system linking the city with Weddell and at the terminus opened the previous day. T-2000 EDMONTON. The city council has voted for a Palmerston. E. B. Havens BRUSSEL/BRUXELLES. Tenders have been new board, without any political representatives, MELBOURNE. The first new east access stop invited for a metro depot and test track at Erasme to fast track expansion of the light rail system. featuring a raised section of roadway that pass- as part of the project to introduce automatic train The 4-6 board members will have experience in engers cross to board trams has been installed at operation on lines 1 and 5. T-2000 finance, engineering, design and development, Macarthur St for services 11, 31, 109 and 112. CHARLEROI. With the opening of the city and will be expected to achieve the city centre– Service was boosted by 353 extra train trips/ ring and the extension from Gilly to Soleilmont Millwood LRT by 2014. E. B. Havens week to relieve overcrowding. The Victorian on 27 February, the tramway route network KITCHENER. The Regional Council has government is investing AUD54m (EUR42.3m) is as follows: Charleroi-Sud – Anderlues; approved a design/finance/build/operate/maintain in replacing 11km (6.8 miles) of worn-out tram Charleroi-Sud – Pétria; M3 Charleroi-Sud approach for light rail. The province of Ontario, track, including a major relay in St Kilda Rd over – Soleilmont. The clockwise city ring is served pledged to meet two thirds of the CAD818m the Easter period. H. Waldron, J. Chuang just by route 2, offering a 30-minute service. (EUR616m) cost, has capped its contribution at SYDNEY. The NSW government has appointed The anticlockwise ring is served by routes 1 CAD300m (EUR226m). E. B. Havens Turner & Townsend to study the costs and and 4, with eight trams/hour. Peak run-out is 12 OTTAWA. The city council has agreed to benefits of an LRT network on three corridors. tramsets. Publicity refers to line M3, which will combine the contract to build the light rail line be the service to Gosselies, but no opening date with one for the widening of Highway 417 to AUSTRIA has been announced. The stored ex-Vicinal SJ synchronise work timetables. The successful trams 9170/8/80/3 have been scrapped. T-2000 bidder will be announced in December. The INNSBRUCK. The second Flexity tram to be meeting also agreed new locations for the city loaned to Stern & Hafferl is 307, now in use on BRAZIL centre subway stations, although city centre the Gmunden – Vorchdorf line. BS businesses have objected to this. E. B. Havens LINZ. Work will start this year on the 1.3km BRASILIA. It is understood the Trêm Liviano VICTORIA. On 1 March the city council (0.8-mile) extension of line 2 from Solar City light rail project has been cancelled because endorsed plans for a CAD950m (EUR716m) to Südpark, with construction of the 4.4km (2.7- completion cannot be achieved before the 2014 LRT line linking Victoria with the West Shore. mile) extension from Leonding to Schloss Traun football World Cup. A. Bailey Work is in progress to develop funding options. planned for 2013. BS CUIABÁ. The Matto Grosso state government E. B. Havens SALZBURG. The new Lokalbahn station at has invited tenders for a 22km (16.3-mile) light Lamprechtshausen (involving a short extension) rail system connecting the city with the airport in CHILE is to be opened on 11 May. BS Várzea Grande. It is hoped to complete work in WIEN (Vienna). Work on the 4.5km time for the 2014 World Cup. The estimated cost SANTIAGO. SYSTRA has been awarded a (2.8-mile) tramway between Kagraner Platz and is BRR1.16bn (EUR481m). A. Bailey six-year contract for technical assistance with Hirschstetten (future line 26) was inaugurated on RIO DE JANEIRO. There are reports that a six- the construction of new automated metro lines 12 January, and should be completed in 2015. line 52km (32.3 mile) tramway network is to be 3 and 6. A. Bailey U-Bahn line U1 will be closed between built for the 2016 Olympic Games, with two lines Reumannplatz and Schwedenplatz from 7 July complete before the 2014 World Cup. E. B. Havens CHINA to 26 August, to be replaced with two temporary SÃO PAULO. EFACEC has been awarded a tramlines: 66 Oberlaa – Wiedner Hauptstrasse EUR39m contract for the control centre and HONG KONG. Seven double-deck trams were – Kärtner Ring (Oper), and 68 Otto-Probst-Platz security systems on metro line 17, due for rebodied in 2011 (99, 168, 171-5), leaving just – Südbhf – Schwarzenbergplatz – Stubentor – completion before the 2014 World Cup. A. Bailey 169-170 as the only Millennium trams. 2012 is Schwedenplatz. During this period line 67 will expected to see cars 1, 63, 71, 85, 134 and 157 be withdrawn. CANADA rebodied. BS This year will see delivery of 18 B ULF trams SUZHOU. A CNY526.9m (EUR63m) contract (745-762) and five U-Bahn type V trains. BS, EB CALGARY. A city council committee has taken has been awarded to Nanjing SR Puzhen (a joint the first step to overturning the route selected venture of CSR Corporation and Singapore- BELGIUM for the planned North Central light rail (along based aluminium supplier Midas Holdings) for the CP railway) in favour of a street-based line 23 five-car metro trains for delivery from May ANTWERPEN. Routes 5 and 10 were to be that could use low-floor cars. A study will be 2013. Skoda will supply traction equipment. The extended to Wijnegem from 14 April; the new depot completed in 2014. E. B. Havens 26km (16.1-mile) metro line 2 is due to open in

www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org MAY 2012 193 Worldwide Review

2014. Line 1 should open this year. A. Bailey across the River Rhine to Kehl will start in May in the tram subway on 26 February at Bäuming- WUHAN. Metro construction work on the 2013. Public service is hoped to start in late 2014 hausstrasse. The line was closed until late evening. 27.7km (17.2 mile) line 1 was completed on or early 2015 as far as Port-au-Rhin. A. Senut Line U11 will be closed north of Karlsplatz this 26 February and trails and training are in progress . The number of supplementary summer while station platforms are rebuilt. DS to permit opening later this year. A. Bailey Citadis on order has been increased from three GERA. A depot open day is planned for 14 July.BS to four. T-2000 HAMBURG. The section of U-Bahn line U3 from Barmbek to Kellinghusenstrasse will be GERMANY replaced by buses from 7 June to 28 August to BRNO. On order for 2012 are four Pragoimex permit bridge replacement. With the S-Bahn Vario LF2R.E trams, to be numbered 1096, AUGSBURG. The reconstruction of Königsplatz franchise due for renewal, DB has teamed up with 1103/6/12 as they are technically rebuilds of began on 20 March, with bus replacement on the Hitachi to offer 60 new trains worth EUR250m as Tatra K2 carrying these numbers. tramlines to Göggingen and Stadtbergen. BS part of its bid. A decision is expected in May. BS LT8D5 trams 1708/20/2/5 are receiving BAD SCHANDAU. Heritage tram 9 re-entered HANNOVER. The last Stadtbahn car to be sent low-floor centre sections. When completed this service on 30 April after 18 months of flood to Budapest, 6154, left Fuhsestrasse depot on will leave just 1724 and 1736 as delivered. damage repair. Heritage tram operating days are 1 March; 6103/11/51/3 left earlier in the year.DS The last T3 trams in service are 1497, 1 May, 26-28 May, 28/29 July and 3 October. BS HEILBRONN. A six-track combined reversing 1525/39/56/90/7/8; 1521 is reserved for museum BERLIN. Effective 14 May, route 18 is curtailed and storage area, including an 85m depot, will purposes and 1545/79 have become works cars at S-Bhf Springpfuhl and operated with double- be built at Hbf by the end of 2013 ready for the 4917 and 4115. T3M 1593 will follow. BS ended cars; route 37 is extended to Lichtenberg opening of the Stadtbahn Nord. This replaces OSTRAVA. In 2011 Ekova Electric (part of Gudrunstrasse as a replacement. plans for such an installation at Böckingen. DS the tramway workshops) delivered Vario LF GT6 trams 1006 and 1016 have been fitted KASSEL. With five of 18 new Bombardier 1344-49 (administrative replacements of T3 with new electronic controls from Cegelec and Flexity Classic delivered (the first entered service 790/2/3/86/8 and 1012), while a true new build renumbered 1506/16. They cannot be coupled in March), KVG has confirmed its option for a was Vario LF3/2 1653. BS with non - rebuilt cars, but subject to the results further four bringing the total order to 22. DS of trials the whole batch will be converted over MÜLHEIM/Ruhr. The formal debate in the EGYPT a period of several years. Withdrawn T6 trams city council on the future of the tramway is to 5162/90 have been transferred to the fire brigade take place on 19 April, but a pointer to how the EL QAHIRA (Cairo). The 4.2km (2.6-mile) for training purposes. decision will fall came with an announcement first phase of metro line 3 was opened on21 Line U1 was closed between Möckernbrücke from the CDU and SPD parties that they have February. A further 6.5km (four miles) is under and Wittenbergplatz from 23 April to 8 June to agreed to support the closure proposals for route construction for completion in 2014. Rolling permit replacement of 100-year old structures 110 and the Flughafen section of route 104. It is stock has been supplied by Mitsubishi. at Gleisdreieck. Some U-Bahn trains are now hoped to reduce the MVG annual deficit from A USD391m Japanese loan has been agreed being repainted by VIS in Halberstadt. EUR27m to EUR2m by 2017. ‘Der Westen’ to finance the first phase of metro line 4, a 17km The east side of the S-Bahn Ring was closed MÜNCHEN (Munich). Work will start this (10.5-mile) line connecting the city centre with from 30 March to 16 April to permit resignalling. year on the extension of tramline 19 to Pasing Giza. Scheduled completion is in 2020. A. Bailey When the new airport extension opens on 3 June, Bhf and the new turning circle at Lothstrasse. MASR-EL-GEDIDA (Heliopolis). The the station S-Bhf Flughafen Berlin Schönefeld The new extension to St Emmeram carried an tramway system is in a poor state with fewer will be renamed Schönefeld (bei Berlin). BS average of 13 000 passengers/day in January, than 20 cars in daily operation. The original BRAUNSCHWEIG. Shortlisted for the order already equaling the prediction for 2015. BS depot has been closed and all workings use the for new low-floor trams are CAF, Solaris, Stadler NAUMBURG. The 120th anniversary of link to Shari Port Said in El Qahira. BS and Vossloh-Kiepe. A decision was expected tramway operation will be marked by a festival HELWAN. The tramway line ceased operation in April. BS on 15/16 September. BS completely at the end of 2011, and the overhead BREMEN. Monday 26 March saw the opening NORDHAUSEN. A tramway extension is line has been removed. BS of the tramline 1 extension from Osterholz to planned to take line 2 from Parkallee through Nusshorn. New priorities have been set for Albert-Kuntz-Sportspark to link with the FRANCE further extensions, with lines 2 and 10 beyond Harzquerbahn tracks and offer a circular service Sebaldsbrück put back beyond 2018, with the back to Bahnhofsvorplatz. DS BREST. The Alstom Citadis due to enter public link between line 1 at Julius-Brecht-Allee and POTSDAM. Delivery of the first 14 Stadler service on 23 June are 101-120. A dummy the line at Bennigsenstrasse brought forward. Variobahn trams up to 430 has been completed; timetable will be operated from 6 June. Delivery of eight new Bombardier trams started the four cars of the supplementary order arrive Studies are in progress for a second tramline, on 10 February with the arrival of 3136. Coupled next year, replacing the last Tatra KT4D. BS connecting the SNCF station to Hôpital de la sets of low-floor cars are being used in regular ROSTOCK. The reconstruction of Marienplatz Cavale Blanche in the district of Bellevue; 6.9km passenger service for the first time on line 6. BS during 2012 is affecting the tramway in various (4.2 miles) would be new construction and 2.5km . A Skoda 15T demonstrator stages from 23 March to 5 August, with bus (1.5 miles) common with line 1 T-2000, A. Senut arrived on 22 March. With the next stage of replacement and single-track working planned. BS DUNKERQUE. Local politicians have received the tram-train project due to open in December SCHÖNEICHE. Tatra KT4D 18, 21 and 22 have a presentation from Stadler offering a low-cost 2014, CVAG has admitted delays with vehicle been sold to Lviv, to boost capacity there for this metre-gauge tramline that can be built for the purchase may mean a shortage of rolling stock. It summer’s Euro 2012 football championship. BS same cost as bus , with a new design is hoped to place an order for dual system cars in of tram christened Ecotango. A report is to be May; 11 Tatra sets will remain until 2015. DS presented in June. A. Senut COTTBUS. Following the decision not to order LE HAVRE. The first AlstomCitadis for the new new trams, 15 KTNF6 cars are being refitted ATHINA. Attiko Metro took delivery of the first tramway was delivered on 14 February. T-2000 internally. The first, 135, was rolled out in April.BS of 17 new six-car metro trains from Hyundai- . Ground-breaking for the DUISBURG. The coalition controlling the city Rotem-Mitsubishi on 2 February. tramway extension was on 5 March, with council has announced an end to U-Bahn subway An Alstom-led consortium has been awarded completion planned in 2014 to give a three-line construction. The existing ramp at Meiderich the contract for the 7.6km (4.7 mile) extension network: T1 Noailles – Les Caillois, T2 Arenc – will remain the northern end of the subway, of Line 3 to Piraeus, due to open in 2017. The Blancarde and T3 Arenc – Castellane. A. Senut and surface tracks towards Dinslaken will be EUR344m contract is largely EU financed. RH PARIS. A further 14 MP05 metro trains have been improved rather than placed underground. DS ordered from Alstom for EUR140m. They will be DÜSSELDORF. Delivery of the current batch used for the extension of line 14 from St-Lazare to of NF8 trams was completed with the arrival of Mairie de St-Ouen, to open in 2017. A. Senut 3376 before Easter. A 2km (1.2-mile) Stadtbahn DEBRECEN. Four-axle articulated tram 492 ROUEN. The 27 new Alstom Citadis will enter branch from Freiligrathplatz to Flughafen has been loaned to Budapest (where it originated service between June and September. A. Senut Terminal is being planned. BS as BKV 1233) for museum purposes. BS STRASBOURG. Work on two new bridges for ESSEN. Ex- Stadtbahn SZEGED. Tramline 2 opened on 3 March after the 2.7km (1.6 mile) extension of tramline D car 5230 was badly damaged by an onboard fire a ceremony the previous day. The 2km (1.2-mile)

194 MAY 2012 www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org metro car delivery with the arrival of 5639-42. OR UTRECHT. Ex-Wien tram 4901, and trailers 1901/34/42/5, have been sold to Kraków. OR

NEW

WELLINGTON. The withdrawal of English Electric EMUs from the Johnsonville line, where they have been replaced by the new Matangi units, took place on 20 March. B. Efford

NORWAY

TRONDHEIM. Following an accident in which a tractor and snowplough collided with tram 100, heritage bogie car 19 entered service in late February. Car 94, which had not run since 2005, was made ready to join the fleet in March. BS

POLAND

CZESTOCHOWA. The first of seven 32m PESA Twist 100% low-floor trams was delivered After an absence of 72 years, trams have returned to Portland’s 99-year-old Broadway Bridge. Scheduled serv- at the end of February. The design features three ice has yet to begin on the new eastside line, but car 10 made the first test run over the 5.3km (3.3-mile) line body sections mounted on four bogies. DS on 21 February. It is seen returning to the west side, with Union Station in the background. S.J. Morgan POZNAN. Delivery of Solaris Tramino low- floor cars will be completed in May when 559 branch ends at Európa liget; both routes share a the tramway, with service from 05.30-0.00. This arrives. The eight Moderus Beta trams delivered terminus at the railway station. Four of the new releases NIS80m (EUR16m) in government in 2011 are 415-22. BS PESA trams were in service (101-4). A. Varga funding to the consortium. A total of 51 of the 60 WARSZAWA. 100 PESA Swing trams are now traffic-signalled intersections along the line now in service and just 99 Konstal 13N trams remain. INDIA feature tramway priority. E. B. Havens The withdrawn cars are being scrapped. DS

BANGALORE. The government has approved PORTUGAL INR264bn (EUR3.8bn) for the second phase of the metro project, covering extension of line 1 and FIRENZE. The first tramline is carrying a LISBOA. Curtailed tramline 18E from Cais do two new lines, totalling 72km (45 miles). A. Bailey million passengers every month, 50% of whom Sodre to Ajuda began operations on 4 March; the CHENNAI. The state government is scaling were previously car or motorcycle users. Civil service does not operate on Saturday afternoons back the proposed monorail by dropping four engineering works for line 2 have started in the or Sundays. Economic reasons have seen 700- lines, limiting it to 57km (35.4 miles). A. Bailey airport area and it is hoped the first passengers series trams withdrawn from service. W. Robb DELHI. Tenders have been invited for 81 six- will be carried before the end of 2015. It is hoped PORTO. Massarelos tram museum is to have car metro trains for delivery from 2014. With to start work on line 3 this year. A. Fantechi a new 1500kW, 600 V dc substation built to metro and monorail already in use or under TORINO. Seli SpA has been awarded an support increased heritage operation. A. Bailey construction, the government has announced it EUR72m design and build contract for the is considering a 45km (27.9 mile) LRT network, 1.9km (1.2-mile) extension of the automated three lines linking Mehrauli in south Delhi with metro from to Piazza , to open Badarpur, Dwarka and Secretariat. C. Lietwiler in 2015. Operation of heritage tramline 7 was CLUJ-NAPOCA. All tramway operation is HYDERABAD. Although an agreement for transferred from Venaria depot to Tortona from suspended until the summer due to complete metro construction was signed in late 2010, work is 1 March. RGI, D. Quaglia reconstruction of the infrastructure in readiness still to start, due to land acquisition issues, and 2016 for the arrival of the 12 PESA Swing low-floor is the earliest date for public services. A. Bailey MALAYSIA trams. The western section of the line will open KOLKATA (Calcutta). A ceremony to then, but the eastern section will remain closed mark the start of work on east-west metro line 2 KUALA LUMPUR. Work on the 17km (10.5- until summer 2013. BS was held on 25 February. The original December mile) elevated extension of the Kelana Jaya light 2014 completion date is now unlikely. A. Bailey metro to Putra Heights started on 5 March. The RUSSIA MUMBAI. Tests on the first 2.2km (1.3-mile) new terminus will in 2014 provide interchange section of monorail, between Wadala and Bhakti with the Ampang metro, which is to be extended INDUSTRY. Ust-Katav built the following new Park, began on 18 February. It is expected to 17.7km (10.9 miles) from Sri Petaling. A. Bailey trams in 2011: Perm, 44 KTM-23; Smolensk, extend to the whole 8.2km (5.1-mile) phase 1 by nine KTM-23; Khabarovsk, four KTM-23; August, with services starting in November. The Nizhnekamsk, Samara, Novosibirsk and 11.3km (seven-mile) phase 2 between Wadala Nikolayiv, each one KTM-23; Prokopyevsk, five and Jacob Circle should open in 2013. A. Bailey AMSTERDAM. On 21 February an agreement KTM-19; Kemerovo, two KTM-19; Stary Oskol, was signed between Stadsregio Amsterdam, one KTM-19; Ulyanovsk, five KTM-19. Also IRELAND the province of Noord-Holland and GVBA on built was an six-axle prototype KTM-31 that has the future of the north-south metro (now called been demonstrated in Zlatoust. BS DUBLIN. An Bord Pleanála (the planning ). As a result Zuidas will not run further KAZAN. An order has been placed with board) has commissioned a feasibility study south than Zuid, and tramline 5 will continue for three three-car metro sets, into running Luas trams through sensitive areas to run to , extending to Westdijk in to be delivered in 2012. RGI of Dublin without overhead power supply. This place of line 51. NIZHNY NOVGOROD. Uraltransmash has been suggested before, but previous studies The first of 23 new Alstom-built six-car metro of Yekaterinburg delivered 71-403 trams considered it a costly alternative to overhead lines. trains was delivered in March. It should enter 2704/8/9/12/3/6/29/33/4 in 2011. BS passenger service in September. OR NIZHNY TAGIL. New Uraltransmash 71-403 ISRAEL DEN HAAG. The new alignment in Delft taking tram 77 is sponsored by local industrial firm the trams on the east side of Phoenixstraat was UWS, the former tramway operator. BS JERUSALEM. From 19 March a 7.5-minute brought into use from 19 March. OR ST PETERBURG. The only new trams from the peak was introduced by Citypass on . Bombardier has completed PTMS factory in 2011 were LWS-2009 5840-6,

www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org MAY 2012 195 Worldwide Review while 102 new metro cars have been ordered 342 metro cars was CSR Zhuzhou Electric at at Disneyland, the latter featuring a Pacific from Transmashholding for delivery by 2014. BS USD391m. The trains need to be delivered within 39 Electric tramline with two battery-operated months and feature 30% Turkish content. A. Bailey cars (recharged by induction loops at the stops) SOUTH AFRICA supplied by Brookville Equipment. E. B. Havens UKRAINE ATLANTA, GA. MARTA has awarded FRANSCHHOEK. The Franschhoek Wine Tour a USD46.6m contract to URS Energy & has taken delivery of a replica Brill toastrack tram KYIV. A light rail line is to be built linking Construction to design and build the new built by Prof Engineers that should be providing Troeschyna in the Dniprovskyi district and the 4.2km (2.6-mile) tramline linking Centennial two-hour tours by September. The 20-seat car is main railway station by 2013. UNA Olympic Park and the King Center. The line powered by a low-emission biodiesel–fuelled should open in 2013. MARTA is also proposing engine. The 1067mm gauge car runs on relaid UK a USD1.1bn 14km (8.6-mile) light rail line railway alignment. winetram.co.za for the Clifton Corridor (Lindbergh Center BIRMINGHAM. West Midlands Passenger – Avondale), but this is dependent on finance SPAIN Transport Executive Centro has appointed from a proposed sales tax that will be voted on architects to develop proposals for a high- in July. E. B. Havens ALACANT. Tramline L2 has still not opened quality link between Eastside, Moor Street, New BETHESDA – NEW CARROLTON, MD. (late March) as the stand-off between the Street station and the wider city centre as part of Maryland transit planners are considering government and Subus continues. A. Moglestue Birmingham City Council’s ‘One Station’ vision. reducing the cost of the proposed Purple line by CADIZ. The seven eight-axle dual-voltage BLACKPOOL. Services were to resume on eliminating a viaduct across Connecticut Ave in 1668mm gauge tram-trains have been delivered 4 April over the full length from Starr Gate to favour of a grade crossing, saving USD40-50m. by CAF, but passenger service is unlikely on the Fleetwood Ferry, in time for Easter weekend. CHICAGO. Bombardier has fired the line to La Hoya until early 2013. BS A formal announcement has been made about Chinese company that supplied defective JAÉN. On 27 February the mayor signed an the heritage tram service. This will operate journal bearings for the sidelined 5000-series agreement with Catalan regional operator FGC between Pleasure Beach and Little Bispham for subway cars and will supply new castings to carry out an audit of the 4.7km (2.9-mile) buyers of a special day ticket at weekends and for the 54 cars already delivered and the rest tramway that has been without regular service bank holidays until July, when it will become of the 706-car order. CTA will get an extra since opening nine months ago. The agreement daily. During the ‘Illuminations’ it will operate two days warranty for every day the cars envisages that FGC will operate the system for in the evenings; for the first time in years, are out of service. It is hoped to return the at least a year. RGI illuminated trams will run in the evening. first train to service by 1 May.‘Chicago Tribune’ SEVILLA. RENFE has added a Cercianas local The heritage fleet will include Standard 147; CINCINNATI, OH. Opponents of the tramway rail service C2 to its network linking Santa Justa Bolton 66, Box 40, Open Boat trams 600 and 602 project were told on 28 February that the city in the city and La Cartuja (the Expo 92 site). and restored Balloon 717. Tram 707, the open- council will not seek an injunction to stop Upgrading the 7.2km (4.4-mile) line with three top Balloon ‘Princess Alice’ is also expected to be the project; anti-tax activists had asserted the new stations cost EUR52.4m. A. Bailey part of the fleet although requiring some remedial project was an abuse of the city’s corporate work. The ‘Western Train’, ‘HMS Blackpool’ powers. The city broke ground on the project and the ‘Trawler’ are the illuminated vehicles. on 17 February, and an order for rolling stock is LONDON (TRAMLINK). The timetable was imminent. E. B. Havens AARAU (WSB/AAR). Heritage/party car disrupted on 17 February when a tram split the DENVER, CO. The first clearance tests on 118 has been scrapped after failing to attract points at East Croydon and derailed. Services the Denver – Golden light rail line using a sufficient business. A. Moglestue were suspended between Wellesley Road and towed LRV took place on 22 March. Passenger BASEL. On 8 February a concept for the tram Sandilands, and unable to resume normally service is planned for May 2013. After learning network in 2020 was unveiled, featuring 19km (11.8 until after the evening peak. The Rail Accident the cost of the proposed Northwest line had miles) of new line in four phases: Badischer Bhf Investigation Branch is investigating the incident. nearly doubled to USD1.7bn, the RTD is now – Erlenmatt – Riehenring; Burgfelden – St Louis MANCHESTER. Although there is no considering extending the completion from Gare; Pratteln – Augst; Riehenring – Kleinhüningen indication of when services on the new line to 2020 to 2024, or BRT instead for the 65km Hafen; St Jakob – Dreispitz–Leimgrubenweg; Oldham will start, work continues on the second (40.3-mile) corridor. J. W. Vigrass Dreispitz – Mototfahrzeug-Prüfstation; phase, which sees trams diverted off the old rail HONOLULU, HI. There is growing concern Neuweilerstrasse – Allschwil-Letten; Badischer alignment between Werneth and Mumps. Utility that work is in progress on the automated light Bhf – Claragraben; Petersgraben – Spitalstrasse. works are being undertaken in Union Street. In metro before a Full Funding Agreement is in Public consultation took place from 5-23 March. BS Wythenshawe, the junction of Rowlandsway and place with the Federal Transit Administration GENEVE. The new network with a reduced Poundswick Lane has been closed for track laying (FTA). Legal action is pending in a federal court, number of routes, requiring more interchange and creation of a signal-controlled junction. based on the release of e-mail exchanges with at Bel Air in the city centre, has not been well SHEFFIELD. The problem of access across the FTA. An FTA consultant has pointed out that received, and a special commission has been set Sheffield station to residences and the Supertram each two-car train will have 64 seats and space up to examine the situation. BS stop looks to be resolved with an offer of GBP3m for 254 standing passengers, a ratio that could NYON–LA CURE (NStCM). Ten new twin- (EUR3.6m) in government funding for a second discourage patronage. AnsaldoBreda is being sets have been ordered from Stadler for CHF66m pedestrian overbridge. asked if it can squeeze 38 seats in each car. (EUR54.7m). Four will arrive in 2016 to boost Passengers are expected to make one of the the headway between Nyon and Genolier, then UNITED ARAB EMRATES longest average trips on any US transit system six more in 2020 to replace existing Vevey cars. (15km, 9.3 miles) that could mean peak-hour A new depot will be built at Paleo. A. Moglestue DUBAI. The government has raised USD675m riders having to stand for 20 minutes. E. B. Havens ZÜRICH. Concession for the 700m Hardbrücke from a dual-currency loan from Belgium and KENOSHA, WI. Ex-Toronto PCC 4617, tramway was granted to VBZ on 2 March. Opening France to finance the completion of the 10km acquired from the East Troy Railroad Museum, for route 8 will be in 2016, subject to referendum (6.2-mile) first phase of the Al Sufouh tramway; entered service on the heritage tramway on approval. Later this year it is hoped the concession opening has been set for November 2014. 14 March. E. B. Havens for the 13.5km (8.3-mile) Limmattalbahn (Bhf Plans have been announced to extend the LOS ANGELES, CA. The MTA has voted to Altstetten – Killwangen-Spreitenbach) will be metro to Academic City, International accept the environmental report on the proposed granted. Target date for completion is 2020. After City and the Lagoons within five years. In the USD1.4bn Regional Connector that will link that projects include Bucheggplatz – Affoltern six months since the Green line opened, 11.85m Blue and Gold light rail lines, and it will now go and/or Oerlikon – Affoltern, the Rosengraten line passengers were carried and the line is now to the FTA for approval. Construction work could and Tramtangente Süd extending the Rosengraten carrying nearly 3m passengers/month. A. Bailey start in late 2013 and would take six years. line to Laubegg. BS, A. Moglestue An environmental assessment has started for USA the proposed city centre tramway loop, now TURKEY that the definitive route has been settled. ANAHEIM, CA. Friday 15 June sees the The Expo light rail line was expected to start ANKARA. The lowest bidder for the supply of opening of Cars Land and Buena Vista St public service to La Cienga/Jefferson in mid-

196 MAY 2012 www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org April, extending to Venice/Robertson in June. SAN ANTONIO, TX. Opponents of the planned present commitments and will be withdrawing The MTA has issued the final EIR/EIS for the Downtown Streetcar are challenging the use of from Brinwell Road depot in Blackpool. Westside subway, but the project to take the USD92m in advanced transportation district Blackpool 703, which operates as Sunderland 101, line to Westwood VA Hospital is unlikely to funds from a sales tax approved by voters on 2004 is on loan to Beamish Museum and Open Boat be completed before 2036. E. B. Havens on the basis that the VIA board passed a 605 joined it at the end of February for a two-year MINNEAOPLIS – ST PAUL, MN. Once the resolution then pledging not to spend such loan. LTT is offering shares in 605 following the Central Corridor light rail line opens in 2014, the funding on light rail. VIA argues that the planned successful issue of shares in Balloon 715 during system will be known as Metro. The Hiawatha tramway is ‘streetcar’, not light rail. Legal 2010. Although GBP1500 (EUR1800) has been line will become the , and the Central action is threatened, which may require a donated by a website , more is needed to tidy up Corridor line will be the Green line. The first of judgement on whether the semantics are a valid 605 for operation at Beamish. the new Siemens LRVs should arrive in August. difference. MySA THUIN (BE). The body of Vicinal steam tram Minnesota has decided not to provide USD25m SAN FRANCISCO, CA (Muni). SFMTA trailer A11501 (1908 Baume et Marpent) has in state funding for the proposed USD 1.25bn has completed land acquisition for the light rail been rescued by ASVi for restoration. T-2000 SW Corridor light rail line. C. Lietwiler central subway Chinatown station in Stockton WEHMINGEN (DE). Former Esslingen NEWARK, NJ. A USD5.2m project to rebuild St. E. B. Havens – Nellingen – Denkendorf motor car 8, in poor Bloomfield Avenue light rail station has been SANTA ROSA – SAN RAFAEL, CA. A condition, has been scrapped. BS announced, improving accessibility for those ceremonial ground-breaking for the diesel light SKJOLDENAESHOLM (DK). The Danish with mobility problems. E. B. Havens rail line took place on 24 February. The line will tramway museum will be open at weekends and NORFOLK, VA. A public-private partnership be extended north to Cloverdale and south to holidays from 28 April to 12 October, also 15-16 is being investigated for the extension of the Larkspur as additional funds become available. December, and daily 26 June to 17 August and light rail line to Virginia Beach, a project SEATTLE, WA. The city council has 13-21 October. A bus service will link Borup estimated to cost USD807m. E. B. Havens approved a USD132.8m contract to build railway station and the museum on certain PHILADELPHIA, PA (SEPTA). The 2013 the 4km (2.4 mile) First Hill Streetcar days (see www.sporvejsmuseet.dk). SHS capital budget includes funds for planning the line from First Ave South to Broadway. OUDDORP (NL). The RTM museum has extension of the Norristown third-rail line by Ground-breaking was planned for April and extended its line from Middelplat Haven to 7.8km (4.8 miles) to King of Prussia Mall. the line should open in early 2014. The Sound Scharendijk Dolfijn, and is now 10km (6.2 Hyundai Rotem has completed delivery of all Transit board has approved a 2012 budget miles) long. Diesel tram MADB 1804 has been 120 Silverliner V commuter EMUs. E. B. Havens that includes USD24.3m for engineering and restored to original condition. OR PITTSBURGH, PA. Sunday 25 March marked environmental studies for extending light rail MROZY (PL). Passenger service on the new the inauguration of regular service of the 1.9km south to the Federal Way Transit Center. horse tramway will not start until 10 August. BS (1.2-mile) light rail extension from Gateway WASHINGTON, DC. DDOT is now saying that KIMBERLEY (SA). The operating certificate in the city centre under the Allegheny River to if necessary it will open the H St tramline in 2013 for the heritage tramway ran out in December North Side and Allegheny stadium, built at a cost with just three trams (the existing Czech cars in and there has been no operation in 2012. BS of USD517m. Rides on the new section of line store) after the tender process for two additional ISSAQUAH, WA (US). Ex-Lisboa tram will be free for three years thanks to sponsorship cars had to be restarted. This would mean a 519 was sent to Gomaco on 12 March to be from north side businesses. E. B. Havens 20-minute headway at best. E. B. Havens, RGI refurbished so that regular service on the PORTLAND, OR. Although the opening of the Issaquah Valley Trolley heritage line can restart 5.3km (3.2-mile) eastside line of the Portland VIETNAM in September. E. B. Havens Streetcar was postponed more than a year ago ROCKHILL FURNACE, PA (US). On 29 from April to September 2012, due to delays HANOI. The State Bank has appointed the March Washington DC snow sweeper 09 in production of the additional trams on order, Vietnam Bank for Industry and Trade to arrange (McGuire-Cummings 1899) was sent to the construction of the line proceeded as scheduled. USD1bn for the railway station – Nhon urban National Capital Trolley Museum, to replace By February, all work apart from station metro project. USD381m will come from the similar car 07 that was destroyed by fire in fittings was finished, and on 21 February the Asian Development Bank, USD325m from 2003. In return the Washington museum sent entire line was tested for the first time, Inekon the French government and USD169m from its 1911 McGuire-Cummings car 3 of the Iowa car 10 making a single return trip at slow speed. Hanoi city council. The 12.5km (7.7-mile) line Terminal Railroad to the Rockhill Trolley This was the first time since 1940 that a tram should be operational before the end of 2015. Museum, together with a pair of Brill 27F has operated across the Broadway Bridge, a A. Bailey bogies that will be used under Valley Railways 1913 bascule bridge over the Willamette River. car 12 (Jackson and Sharp 1895). RTM The previous 1067mm-gauge tram tracks were Museum News paved over in 1944 and later removed. Contributors The only intermediate reversing facility on BEAMISH (UK). Renovation of the tram the entire eastside line is a crossover located fleet is underway, with Porto 196 overhauled Worldwide items should be sent to Michael immediately east of the Broadway Bridge. and repainted for the summer season and Taplin at Flat 1, 10 Hope Road, Shanklin, At the south end of the line, a new tram-only Sunderland 16 to be re-tyred and varnished. An Isle of Wight PO37 6EA, UK – Fax +44 double-track bridge has been built to carry the appeal is being opened for the potential repaint (0)1983 862810 or e-mail miketap@globalnet. line over the Union Pacific Railroad main line of Gateshead 10 into British Railways livery. co.uk. UK and Ireland items are welcomed by and into the terminus at the Oregon Museum of The commissioning and repaint of Blackpool the News Editor, John Symons, at 17 Whitmore Science and Industry (OMSI). 233 was to be completed in April. Avenue, Werrington, Stoke-on-Trent, The Eastside Line connects to the existing CRICH (UK). The operational fleet has been ST9 0LW, UK. E-mail [email protected]. line at Northwest 10th Avenue / Lovejoy Street. boosted by Blackpool Brush Railcoach 630. Topical images are welcome, particularly Trams serving the new line will continue south Delivery to Crich of Boat 607, which is to showing new lines, infrastructure construction from there, along the tracks of the 2001-opened receive its former number 236, was expected or rolling stock movements. When e-mailing North – South line, into the city centre, ending to be in April after overhaul at the Blackpool please send low-resolution JPEGs; we will at the intersection of 10th Ave/Market St. workshops. Berlin 3006, the ‘Access Tram’, has contact you for high-resolution print versions. Meanwhile, 2009-built US prototype car 15, been overhauled and repainted in the traditional Contributors include Clifton Flewitt, Mike now using an experimental Rockwell control ivory and black livery of the East Berlin Haddon and Eric Powder. Acknowledgements system, is to be delivered in June. S.J. Morgan undertaking, and regained its computer number are also due to Birmingham Mail, BS Blickpunkt PROVIDENCE, RI. The Public Transit from communist times of 233 006. London Strassenbahn, Centro, DLR, DS Drehscheibe Authority board has voted to support a USD126m 159’s restoration is nearing completion; the tram Strassenbahn, Edinburgh Evening News, plan for a city tramway circulator. E. B. Havens is to be officially launched later in the year. Fylde Tramway Society, Manchester Evening SACRAMENTO, CA. The city council has LANCASTRIAN TRANSPORT TRUST (UK). News, OR Op De Rails MySA San Antonio voted to accept a study that defined a starter With the Trust immersed in acquiring and storing Express-News, MTMS, RTM Rockhill Trolley tramline connecting Sacramento West and the redundant Blackpool trams, plus negotiations Museum, SYPTE, T-2000, TfGM, TMS, TfL, city centre across Tower Bridge. The line would towards the possible setting up of a transport RGI Railway Gazette International and The cost USD125-135m. E. B. Havens museum at Thornton Gate, it has reviewed its Scotsman, Wirral News.

www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org MAY 2012 197 Letters Letters may be faxed to +44 (0)1832 281145, or sent by e-mail to [email protected]. They should be clearly typed and preferably not Get your views into print handwritten. We reserve the right to shorten them for publication. High-speed rail: Vital... or only for the few? In reply to T Brigston (TAUT 891), it will serve. It will make rail much Tyne & Wear Metro, Nottingham Express Britain’s High Speed 2 is not ‘absolute more competitive, open up new journey Transit, Sheffield Supertram, Blackpool madness’. It is, in fact, the most sensible opportunities – particularly through its Tramway, London Tramlink, Docklands option to address the forthcoming interchange with Crossrail and links to Light Railway, London Overground, capacity crunch on an already very busy HS1, Heathrow and Birmingham airports and on numerous main line, affecting inter-city, inter- – and act as a major advertisement for parts of the heavy rail network (I could regional, commuter and freight services. public transport as a whole. mention Edinburgh, too). Not only that, but Without significant additional capacity Also, for goodness’ sake, let’s put to the UK Government is actively prioritising (that means new tracks and new station bed the argument that the investment capital investment in rail transport. Isn’t capacity all the way from London to the is ‘in a tough economic climate’ and that what we always wanted? West Midlands at the very least) some or therefore shouldn’t happen. Assuming By all means make the case for all of these will be unable to meet demand, the full ‘Y’ network is built, construction improved local transport – not least to which means the traffic will not be will take place between 2017 ans 2033 for spread the benefits of high-speed rail once carried by rail or economic development around GBP32bn – that’s GBP2bn per built – and of course make the case that will be obstructed – or both. And if new year, or about 0.3% of UK Government buses aren’t the solution for mass transit. infrastructure is required, then high- expenditure. That’s the same rate as By all means campaign for the best local speed rail is the best option because it London’s Crossrail, which certainly is being transport projects to be prioritised. Most provides the biggest attractive effect and built in a ‘tough economic climate’, i.e. of all, make sure the Government and maximises capacity by separating the right now, not during the recovery and the other authorities don’t forget about the fastest and slowest traffic to best effect. next two complete economic cycles as HS2! real importance of transport investment. HS2 will certainly benefit the South But what’s this? At the same time But HS2 doesn’t stop this happening, East, the East Midlands and Scotland: as GBP2bn per year is being spent on and what is actually happening right now the plans are there on the DfT website. Crossrail, as reported in TAUT significant shows that HS2 and major local transport It will also encourage development and investment is also being made on investment can happily co-exist. regeneration in the central city areas Manchester Metrolink, Midland Metro, Caspar Lucas, Stourbridge (UK)

I am a subscriber to TAUT (though I have or off-peak tickets) what will be the cost In a recent TAUT survey I suggested nothing to do with the industry – I just of travelling on HS2, in order to save that every British politician should have a general interest in transport) and I a relatively small amount of travelling be given a free copy of your excellent read in your March editorial (TAUT 891) time for a select few? Who will be able to magazine. I now retract that statement. that you were keen to hear people’s views afford it when, or if, HS2 ever comes on They should each be given a life on the subject of transport investment. It stream in 20-plus years’ time? membership subscription! was gratifying to read you have written I wrote to TAUT some double-figure Economies of scale are already being virtually word-for-word all my very own years ago, when I stated that I used to practised by the French to bring down thoughts about this matter! live in Germany and considered trams a the cost of systems, amongst other In an ideal world it would be great to way of life. On returning to the UK it was measures. How much more could we have both sets of national infrastructure, like coming back to an under-developed achieve for the UK overall if we too but given the mind-boggling sums that nation. Many towns of 100 000 population applied common sense to co-ordinated are being talked about for the UK’s HS2 or more in Europe have excellent and planned procurement. Mr Tesco surely it would make much better sense tramways, and while the UK continues to knows a thing or two about buying power to spend even a fraction of this proposed dither, other countries are forging ahead and getting a good deal for his customers. colossal sum on tramways in our cities with more and extended systems. Things Perhaps he should be put in charge of and large towns. Which would benefit have not markedly changed in the UK transport! more people on a regular daily basis? since I wrote my letter. I do sincerely hope that what you have Birmingham is a metropolis, yet its Are these other countries all wrong, or highlighted can go much further and single tramline has yet to penetrate the is it us? Without exception they all see a perhaps result in national referenda as city centre. In global terms a city of this future in modern local transport for their you suggest. This is far too important a size deserves much better transport economic and social benefit – benefits subject to be just left as a ‘minority topic infrastructure than this, and it needs it which apparently elude our own of interest’ – it needs a far bigger national now. Given the current high costs of rail politicians. Has the ‘fog’ cut the continent profile, and right now in my opinion. travel in this country (excluding advance off from us again? Paul Hayward, by e-mail

Your editorial in TAUT 891 was truly To start with, we need a list of the Streatham, Brixton, (and then the Cross thought-provoking. Leaving aside HS2, busiest bus routes not directly served by River route) Waterloo, Holborn, Euston/ which in effect is the continuing of the urban rail services in the largest British Kings Cross and Camden Town. expenditure of the London Crossrail to cities (140 000 population you suggest). (b) A south east-north west alignment the rest of the country, the formulation of Can our professional members oblige? between New Cross, Peckham, plans for tramways in major British cities Wondering about that criteria for Camberwell, Vauxhall, Victoria, must be taken forward. Who better than London, the two following tramways Arch, Paddington, Kilburn, Cricklewood Light Rail Transit Association members would seem to be a good start: (a) A and Brent Cross. to assist and campaign for this? north-south alignment between Croydon, Eddie Dawes, by e-mail

198 MAY 2012 www.tramnews.net l www.Irta.org Distribution of EU funding Melbourne’s mobile garden tram As an ex-resident of Leeds, I am very keen to With reference to reports in TAUT 889 and 75 LRTA Annual see a modern tramway introduced to that city. 890 concerning the Berlin tramcar and General Meeting On reading TAUT I note that many Chicago L-train being used as mobile gardens 1937–2012 tramways in Eastern Europe are granted funds or hot houses, I would like to advise you that The venue for our 2012 AGM weekend is from the EU, or the European Investment Melbourne had two mobile garden trams. confirmed as Dublin and the date as Bank. Examples in recent issues are numerous, Each year at the end of February and first 29-30 September (this was provisionally e.g. Krakow – of the total cost of a new line, week of March, Melbourne has a ten-day 22-23, but we have been advised that EUR34m, the EU contribution is EUR12m. elaborate flower and garden show in Carlton the Irish football final will take place In Poznan, the cost of a new extension is Gardens on the edge of the city. In 1994, to that weekend). Since the 2005 AGM EUR51m, and the EU contribution is just over promote this event, SW6 tram 876 was made was held in the Irish capital the Luas half. In Lodz, reconstruction of a north-south into a mobile flower show. tramway has been significantly extended tramway was co-financed by the EU. In Most of the seats were removed from the and a programme is being prepared to Czestochowa, 85% of the total cost of a new two end saloons and large wooden boxes include ‘behind the scenes’ visits and two extension is covered by EU funds. All these installed, housing pots holding flowers and tram tours, in addition to other items of are in Poland. Similarly, in , extension shrubs. Suitable advertising was placed on interest to LRTA members. of the metro line has attracted EUR3.65bn. 876’s sides and ends. Seating remained for 20 A renewed appeal for members So why is it that Leeds, or Liverpool, fail to passengers with room for another ten or so attract similar EU help? Is it that the UK is so standees. For two weeks the mobile garden to become involved! There has been a disappointing response wealthy that we do not need financial help? cruised the city . After 14 days of to the advertisements in last September’s Whatever the case, we cannot afford to glory, 876 was stripped of its finery and never TAUT for a new Treasurer, Webmaster, build a tramway in Leeds – even the trolleybus ran again; in 2012 it is stored in Newport Publications Controller and Membership system appears to be doomed. Railway workshops. Data Controller and I am reluctant to Michael Fielding, York (UK) Additionally, each year for over 55 years believe there is no-one amongst our large during the March Labor day long weekend membership who does not possess at Tramway customer service Melbourne has its annual Moomba Festival. least some of the skills needed to fill these must match investment Moomba is aboriginal for ‘lets get together and important vacancies. I was in Brussels on 1 March and decided to have fun’. There is always a colourful parade I am grateful – in the case of the take a look at the improvements in Charleroi. of floats, entertainers and so on each year. Treasurer post – to two previous I waited on a suburban corner for the second In 2001 and 2002, the parade featured incumbents who have offered to take the bus of the day linking the two cities. It did not Melbourne trams, with rarely seen vintage task on again, but we really must bring come, so I got a tram round to the Gare du Midi trams, a Sydney R class, and various in fresh blood to this senior position and caught the train. At Charleroi, the real-time elaborately decorated out of service alongside the need to significantly reduce bus departures board showed a ten-minute W class utilised in a unique parade. SW6 the average age of Council membership. service to Soleilmont on line so I bought a 885 was completely covered with living The future of the LRTA is in day ticket (EUR7.50) from the machine. grass – temperatures inside the vehicle were jeopardy if we cannot find among our After a 50-minute wait, during which I recorded at over 60°C! It ran in this form in membership the administrative support saw several buses heading to the depot and both parades. that is vital to its continued existence. growing queues in the bus station, I invested in Tram 885 had been used as a driver training May I therefore urge you all to a day’s mobile data on my phone and visited tram from 1998-2000. carefully consider whether you can the TEC website. At the end of a long page The body of 885 was placed in Wattle Park help? There must be several members of roadworks, there was an announcement of Surrey Hills in 2006. Contrary to the report in with accounting or IT backgrounds who could fit these vacancies well. a mouvement sociale which might affect all TAUT in February it remains there, 936 being We are not asking for much in the way routes. In other words, there was a strike. the tram destroyed by fire and vandals. Norman E Cross, Australia of commitment and it is important that The real-time information was wrong. There we reinvigorate the management of the were no trams on the new line. Season ticket Association from time to time. Please Passenger numbers holders could apply for some reimbursement, contact me if any further information said the website, so I called into the ticket office Is the UK’s South Yorkshire Passenger is needed and please get in touch if you and asked for reimbursement of the cost of my Transport Executive quite sure that it will think any of the jobs are for you! day ticket. This was refused, but I was told that have enough passengers using the trams, Andrew Braddock I could try presenting myself at the head office. tram-trains and ‘state of the art’ buses between Chairman, Light Rail Transit Association Do operators really expect to gain or retain Sheffield, Meadowhall, Rotherham and customers if they treat them like this? Parkgate to justify the GBP89.3m cost? 4 Borderside, Yateley GU46 6LJ Steven Salmon, by e-mail R.J.S. Wiseman, address supplied [email protected]

The full list of the year’s meetings and meeting places can also be MEETINGS & EVENTS found at www.lrta.org

April Carson: The Peter Davis Slide Collection. (TLRS) 19.40. John Zebedee: UK trolleybus . Saturday 28. Garstang. 14.00. preservation. (TLRS) . Tuesday 17. London. 19.00. Workshop Session. (TLRS) . Saturday 12. Birmingham. By Geoff Tribe: Northern Germany 2011. May invitation of SLS – Dr Paul Collins: The . Wednesday 18. Bristol. 19.30. Kinver Light Railway. 14.00 at SVR Station, Adrian Tuddenham: Trams of Timsbury. . Tuesday 1. Southampton. 19.30. Kidderminster. (LRTA/TLRS/ERS) . Thursday 19. Dartford 19.30. Alan Martyn Davies: Blackpool trams. (LRTA/SEG) . Monday 14. Taunton. 12.00. Nigel Pearce: British trams on Cine film. (TLRS) . Tuesday 1. Thames Valley. 19.30. Jackson-Stevens’ garden tramway. Details: . Saturday 21. Birmingham. 14.00. Eddie Dawes: London’s tram routes (part Mark Blackstone 0117 962 3288. (TLRS) Brian Edwards: Down Under. (LRTA/TLRS/ERS) three) – 72 to 99A. (TLRS) . Tuesday 15. London. 19.00. Eddie . Saturday 21. Taunton. 14.00. . Saturday 5. West Midlands. 14.00. Dawes: London electric tram depots. Andy Steel: Tramway technology. (TLRS) General meeting and photo competition. (TLRS) . Wednesday 16. Bristol. 19.30. Brian . Saturday 28. Beeston. 14.00. Dave . Wednesday 9. Brighton (Southwick). Lomas: Iberia Pt 4 – Lisbon, Sintra & Porto.

www.tramnews.net l www.Irta.org MAY 2012 199 Classic Trams: Ballarat Ballarat’s trams live on

Abandonment of Australia’s Ballarat tramway in 1971 did not signal the end, due to determined enthusiasts whose heritage operation continues today. Mike Russell reports.

ecember 2012 will mark the 125th anniversary of 1 the start of tramway operation in the city of Ballarat, Victoria, when a horse-drawn tramway opened from Dthe city centre to the Gardens. Ballarat had prospered during the second half of the 19th Century from gold prospecting and a need had arisen for some form of public transport. The last route of an enlarged horse tramway system survived until 1913 but most were converted to electric traction in 1905; the system developed to serve all parts of the city. The tramway was never really profitable and in the aftermath of World War One discussions ensued about its future, with the impending expiry of the operating company’s concession. Eventually a takeover was agreed by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria (1921) Ltd. (SECV), which found itself by government decree an unwilling tramway operator. Nevertheless SECV applied itself diligently and set about renewing the worn-out fleet of original electric cars with two- axle vehicles purchased second-hand from Melbourne, where from heavy city centre traffic flows. This agreement was 1 The intermediate they were being replaced by bogie cars. Much later, surplus remarkable, and after the Montevideo () operation, passing loop maximum-traction bogie cars from Melbourne also arrived. initiated in 1967 and later closed, this was the first venture in Wendouree By the early 1960s, the Ballarat tramway – with its anywhere where a volunteer group could operate historic Parade with two street-running and single-track-and-loop layout – was tramcars on public roads on part of a closed system. Duncan & Fraser viewed as something of a timewarp. Having successfully As the original SECV depot was unavailable, the council combination car. 26 closed one of its other two tramways (Geelong) with the made land available within the park for a new depot (since has been restored encouragement of its council in 1956, the SECV initiated extended) to house the initial six-car fleet, and society to California moves to close its Ballarat operation. However this was members laid the connecting track and the link across the combination car repeatedly thwarted by difficulties in getting the necessary park road to the running-line. An opening ceremony on condition and wears legislation through the Victorian State Parliament. In 1970, 1 February 1975 was performed by the Chairman of the the ESC livery from government approval was finally forthcoming. SECV, an organisation that had acted well beyond the call the time of its arrival of duty in facilitating the creation of a heritage tramway. Every car saved in Ballarat: whilst 27 The Ballarat tramway might not have been profitable but Regular operation which was rebuilt for it was popular. A group of enthusiasts, coupled with the Since 1975 the tramway has operated regularly at weekends one-man-operation imagination and determination of local people and perhaps and covers its costs despite modest traffic. There are after arrival in to their surprise, found their entreaties fell on receptive ears. occasional special events when the tramway really comes Ballarat, carries an A combination of SECV management and a supportive into its own; the annual Begonia festival in early March sees early version of the city council ensured that when the last service tram returned this section of the park road closed to through traffic and an SECV livery. from Sebastopol to the depot on 19 September 1971, this was augmented tram service provides a park-and-ride facility, not the absolute end. Every one of the remaining Ballarat cars operating in tandem when more than two are in service. 2 Horse car 1 dates tramcars was earmarked for preservation or retention – all The standard-gauge line is laid at the carriageway’s edge, from the opening in Australia as well, despite many overseas applications. with the verge and road at points indistinguishable; the of the Ballarat Meanwhile, the Ballarat Tramway Preservation Society tramcars look totally at home amongst the relatively low tramways and was (BTPS) had been formed and agreement reached to retain levels of road traffic over this section. Both ends of the line reconstructed by a 1.3km (0.8-mile) length of the original 1887 Gardens line are stub terminals and there is one intermediate passing loop. volunteers following around the western shore of Lake Wendouree, though cut at the The BTPS has since added to its initial fleet of five cars discovery of its body park boundary line because of initial city council objections. donated by the SECV, plus the car (14) donated to the City in a local garden The line had the great advantage of being in or alongside of Ballarat and placed in its custody. These additional cars in 1985. It is now a public road in a recreational area, and thereby away have been rescued from failed museum projects, or salvaged operated on special 2 3 occasions. 3 The oldest serviceable electric car is 18 from 1913. As with most of the two-axle fleet, it is maintained in one-man-operation condition as it was rebuilt for Ballarat. It is shown here on the depot trackfan on 2 April 1999.

200 may 2012 www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org from sundry uses. A 1985 find was the body of an original 4 A relatively 4 four-wheel double-deck horse car built by Duncan & Fraser recent acquisition of Adelaide to American designs in 1887, and later operated is this purpose-built as a trailer in electric service. It was restored between 1987 four-wheel works and 1992 and now works on special occasions. car of 1934 from To ensure the authentic Ballarat fleet was not Melbourne. It acts overworked, two surplus equal-wheel bogie cars were as the museum’s acquired from the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways general purpose Board (MMTB) in 1976: W3-class 661 of 1932 and W4- works car and has class 671 of 1934. The latter is one of only five built, the first in Melbourne to feature wide bodies with transverse been repainted into seating in the end saloons. The BTPS fleet now consists of MMTB livery. no fewer than 19 cars, including 8, a Melbourne two-axle works car built by MMTB in 1934, donated to Ballarat in 5 Tandem 1999 and still used for track scrubbing and similar duties; it operation is occasionally seen was repainted into MMTB green/cream livery in 2005. 5 Non-operational cars include 12, currently undergoing when traffic dictates. reconstruction, an original Ballarat electric car built by Here are two of the Duncan & Fraser whose main body section started life as line’s four-wheel Sydney cable car 18 of 1891. Others in storage are 11, built workhorses, 14 in 1915 for the Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust by (Meadowbank, Meadowbank, which came to Ballarat in 1935 after a spell 1915) and 33 at Geelong; 21 and 22, two of three Duncan & Fraser-built (Duncan & Fraser, four-wheel Sebastopol combination cars of 1913, convertible 1920), awaiting an to full cross-bench condition in the summer months but expected upsurge withdrawn in 1935; and 32, another Duncan & Fraser product in traffic at the built for the Hawthorn Tramways Trust in 1917 and acquired Windmill Drive by the SECV for Ballarat in 1935. It is proposed to restore this southern terminus car to full California combination condition in MMTB livery. in January 1981. Three Ballarat bogie cars are included, all built by Duncan & Fraser in 1913-4 for the Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust, subsequently passing into MMTB 6 Pride of the 6 ownership. All came to Ballarat in 1951 and were modified four-wheel fleet for one-man-operation but never used as such due to Trade is 26, seen on Union opposition. Car 39 is a static depot exhibit, acting as 14 November a souvenir shop. Cars 38 and 40 are both operational and 2009 restored appear in the 1960s livery adopted by the SECV. Latterly, to California all Ballarat trams carried yellow/black diagonal ‘tiger’ combination car stripes on their fenders to warn approaching motorists. condition as built The normal running fleet consists of seven two-axle cars. by Duncan & Fraser Cars 13 and 14 were built by Meadowbank in 1915, and 18 and the brown/ by Duncan & Fraser in 1913, all for the Prahran & Malvern cream ESC livery in Tramways Trust; the first two went to Geelong in 1928 before which it originally coming to Ballarat in 1936, while 18 arrived direct in 1931. operated after All are California combination cars, retained in the condition transfer to Ballarat. to which they were altered for one-man-operation in Ballarat. Cars 26, 27 and 28 are California combination cars built 7 Maximum- 7 by Duncan & Fraser in 1916 for the Hawthorn Tramways traction bogie car Trust, later passing to the MMTB and coming to Ballarat as 40 was the last early as 1930, when the tramway was still under the auspices of the Electric Supply Company of Victoria (ESC), being car to operate in enclosed for Ballarat one-man service shortly after arrival. passenger service Car 27 has been repainted into the early version of the on the Ballarat SECV livery, 28 is in ESC colours and the enclosed form to system on 19 which it was converted under ESC ownership, while 26 has September 1971. It been restored to original California combination condition originated with the and ESC livery. Car 33, built by Duncan & Fraser in 1920 Prahran & Malvern for the Footscray Tramways Trust, came to Ballarat in 1935 Tramways Trust, for and is maintained in one-man state. which it was built in 1913, and arrived Unique operations and well worth the visit in 1951. It is seen Operation is on Saturdays, Sundays, public and school outside the depot on 8 holidays between 12.30 and 17.00. Service level is in 14 November 2009. accordance with demand, with a normal frequency of every 15-20 minutes plus extra cars on special occasions. Normal 8 Ex-Melbourne service is by one two-axle car, operated (as during most of W3 bogie car 661 the period of SECV ownership) on a one-man basis, but at has been repainted busy times a crew-operated bogie car may appear. into the brown One can stay in one of Ballarat’s small hotels, but and cream livery most visitors to the tramway is make a day return from it carried in earlier Melbourne; the tramway reached by local bus service from outside the station. As with all the Australian museums, years and operates visitors from abroad will be accorded a very warm welcome. at Ballarat to save This operation is unusual in being effectively a volunteer- wear and tear on the operated residual section of an original tramway, and is authentic local fleet. certainly an experience that shouldn’t be missed. TAUT

www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org may 2012 201 classified To place an advertisement contact Andy Adams Telephone: +44 (0)1832 281135 Email: [email protected] Next issue Copy deadline: 27 April On sale: 18 May

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By Bernard By Robert Mettam Schwandl A nostalgic book of The latest Schwandl title photographic memories explains the history of the from the declining era three urban rail systems of the Sheffield tram serving Berlin, and their network. From 1952 current operations. The to the closure of the Berlin tram system, system Bernard Mettam largely (but not entirely) lovingly recorded every in the eastern part of route in operation, this the city, has expanded book features dozens of since re-unification and photos from his personal is now ranked among collection. Half of the the world’s top three. English/German text, 96 pages (A4 size) are 128 pages, system maps and around 200 photos. Price in mono with the second half in colour. Price £12.99 + 10% £12.50. Postage/packing extra: UK orders, add 10%; Post/Packing UK, + 20% ROI & Overseas. Overseas/ROI add 20%.

Order any of these titles securely on-line from www.lrta.org or by post: LRTA PUBLICATIONS 35 High Street, Moulton, Spalding, PE12 6QB (Please note new address) The full range of tram/light rail books and DVDs can be found on our website. Trade terms available on request.

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