THE INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE HEADLINES l ’s streetcar advocates fight back

l UK’s Midland expansion approved

l Democrats propose more US light rail

rolling stock orders: who... what... how much? Ukrainian tramways under the microscope

US streetcar trends: Mixed fleets: How technology Lessons from is helping change over a century 75 America’s attitude of experience

to urban rail in APRIL 2012 No. 892 1937–2012 w w w. l r t a . o r g l w w w. t r a m n e w s . n e t £3.80

TAUT_April12_Cover.indd 1 28/2/12 09:20:59 TAUT_April12_UITPad.indd 1 28/2/12 12:38:16 Contents The official journal of the Light Rail Transit Association 128 News 132 APRIL 2012 Vol. 75 No. 892 Toronto light rail supporters fight back; Final approval for www.tramnews.net Midland Metro expansion; Obama’s budget detailed. EDITORIAL Editor: Simon Johnston 132 Rolling stock orders: Boom before bust? Tel: +44 (0)1832 281131 E-mail: [email protected] With packed order books for the big manufacturers over Eaglethorpe Barns, Warmington, Peterborough PE8 6TJ, UK. the next five years, smaller players are increasing their Associate Editor: Tony Streeter market share. Michael Taplin reports. E-mail: [email protected] 135 ’s road to Euro 2012 Worldwide Editor: Michael Taplin Flat 1, 10 Hope Road, Shanklin, Isle of Wight PO37 6EA, UK. Mike Russell reports on tramway developments and 135 E-mail: [email protected] operations in this former Soviet country. News Editor: John Symons 140 The new environment for streetcars 17 Whitmore Avenue, Werrington, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs ST9 0LW, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Kinkisharyo International Project Manager Bill Contributor: Neil Pulling Kleppinger examines the bright future for US light rail. Design: Debbie Nolan 142 Hybrid and future drives Production: Carla Corrado The case for hybrid trams, explained by Dr Alex Luvishis. Tel: +44 (0)1832 281134 E-mail: [email protected] 145 Systems Factfile: Dusseldorf Worldwide Contributors: Aare Olander, Nikolai Neil Pulling reports from one of Europe’s most 140 Semyonov, Sergei Tarkhov (CIS), Mike Russell, Norman Bartlett, Thomas Wagner, Pedro Costa, Richard Felski, Jordi Ibanez (Europe), comprehensive urban network systems. Yoshiri Nogi (Japan), Anthony Bailey, Ian Hammond, Paul Nicholson 149 Budapest: Mixed fleet operations (), Vic Simons, Charles Lietwiler, Steve Morgan, Tom Swinney, Julian Wolinsky (). ’s capital has run different designs together LRTA Website and Diary: Brian Lomas since the 19th Century. László Szedlmajer and Illés Fodor E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] from operator BKV examine the challenges and benefits. Commercial Manager: Vicky Binley 153 Worldwide Review Tel: +44 (0)1832 281132 E-mail: [email protected] Ceremonies mark Buenos Aires metro extension work; Advertising Manager: Andy Adams Hong Kong’s MTR puts its new C-class stock into service; 149 Tel: +44 (0)1832 281135 E-mail: [email protected] Federal approval given for Honolulu’s USD5bn light metro. Eaglethorpe Barns, Warmington, Peterborough PE8 6TJ, UK. Publisher: Howard Johnston 158 Letters Tramways & Urban Transit is jointly published by the LRTA and LRTA More on the utilities issues, and continuing the debate on Publishing on the third Friday of each month preceding the cover date. the high-speed versus light rail investment. LRTA MEMBERSHIP (with TAUT subscription) 160 Classic Trams: Malmköping Tramways & Urban Transit is sent free to all paid-up members of the Light Rail Transit Association. You are welcome to join the LRTA. In the third part of his Swedish trilogy, Mike Russell looks in detail at ’s Transport Museum. subscriptions: LRTA Membership Secretary (Dept T06), 38 Wolseley Road, Sale M33 7AU, UK. BACK ISSUES: Tel: +44 (0)1406 373070 Tram orders and high technology PRINT AND DISTRIBUTION: Warners (Midlands) plc, The Maltings, West Street, Bourne, Lincs PE10 9PH, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1778 391000. simon johnston, editor LRTA REGISTERED OFFICE: c/o 138 Radnor Avenue, Welling, Kent DA16 2BY. Private company limited by guarantee, No. 5072319 in and Wales. This month we’re looking in-depth at the Systems’ announcement this month of its Chairman: Andrew Braddock. Deputy Chairman: Vic Simons light rail vehicles that run on the world’s work on ‘structural batteries’ means that LRTA PUBLISHING REGISTERED OFFICE: c/o 8 Berwick Place, Welwyn systems, including their operation and everything points to a bright future for Garden , Herts AL7 4TU. Private Limited Company, No. 06169422 development – and even taking a look at rail vehicles in all their forms. in England and Wales. future motive power technologies. Integrating energy storage capabilities © LRTA Publishing 2012. From current tram orders (a staggering (currently nickel-based, although BAE is Articles are submitted on the understanding they may also later be used 3000 for delivery between now and looking towards a lithium-ion version) on our websites or other media. A contribution is accepted on the basis that its author is responsible for the opinions expressed in it, and such opinions 2016), to examinations of the future US within the composite weave of carbon are not those of LRTA Publishing or the LRTA. All rights reserved. climate for light rail and the hybrid trams fibre, for example, will mean lightweight No part of this magazine may be reproduced or transmitted in any form that could take us off the overhead wire materials that can hold their own charge, by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior – all detailed this issue – rolling stock removing the need for heavy batteries. permission in writing from the copyright owner. Multiple copying of the development is a hot topic as more Imagine the possibilities of a tram or contents of the magazine without prior written approval is not permitted. look at implementing modern LRT. metro car where the bodyshell itself is the The simple fact that so many orders battery that powers it! THE INTERNATIONAL LIGHT RAIL MAGAZINE HEADLINES l toronto’s streetcar advocates fight back l uk’s midland metro are being placed in the current climate If that seems a little crystal ball-gazing expansion approved

l democrats propose more us light rail (our pages are full of them each and – the biggest questions relate to cost and every month), shows that wise investment reliability – the fact that a Le Mans 24- in urban rail is still seen as offering Hour racer is being built with structural value. The technologies being developed battery technology shows that high-level by both vehicle and infrastructure rolling testbeds aren’t far away. Den Haag will serve as rolling stock orders: manufacturers also show that innovation Whether our future lies in hydrogen who... what... how much? the launch customer Ukrainian tramways under the microscope is key if we are to move forward. fuel cells, or lithium-ion US streetcar trends: Mixed fleets: for Siemens’ latest LRV How technology Lessons from is helping change over a century 75 America’s attitude of experience Taking the story even further, batteries, this kind of exciting development to urban rail in Budapest APRIL 2012 design – the . No. 892 1937–2012 w w w. l r t a . o r g l w w w. t r a m n e w s . n e t £3.80 aerospace and defence giant BAE gives bright prospects for ...

TAUT_April12_Cover.indd 1 28/2/12 09:20:59 Siemens

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127_TAUT1204_Contents.indd 1 28/2/12 12:40:40 News Tucson award Toronto light rail helps bridge supporters fight back funding gap IN a month of drama, the Chair of the Toronto Tran- The city of Tucson, Arizona, sit Commission, Karen Stintz, came out in favour is gearing up for the next of surface light rail on outer sections of Eglinton phase in its Modern Streetcar Avenue. That reverts to the original project, selecting Old Pueblo plan, rather than putting the whole line in subway, Trackworks as preferred bidder as decided by Mayor Ford shortly after his election for construction of the 6.3km last year. This prompted the provincial government (3.9-mile) line in February. to seek clarification from the city council. Old Pueblo Trackworks is a A legal opinion suggested that Mayor Ford had joint-venture made up of civil no authority to cancel Transit City – which had pre- engineering contractor Granite viously been agreed by the city council – though the Construction Co and Minnesota- Mayor maintains that the voters who elected him based RailWorks Track Systems. mandated the subway alignment. Above: The Bombardier LRVs for Transit City were ordered The partnership recently collab- On 31 January Ford and his supporters on the by Metrolinx before the city elections. Whether they will orated on the 18.6km (11.6-mile) TTC board voted to withhold a staff report that was operate on Eglinton Avenue remains to be seen. Metrolinx Hiawatha line in Minneapolis expected to be critical of the mayor’s plans. A re- and is expected to begin works on the Sheppard East subway, estimated to cost subways; 64% agreed that more surface light rail in Tucson in mid-March. CAD3.7-4.7bn (EUR2.7-3.4bn) which the mayor should be built if it allowed more transit to be built The submitted bid of USD56m hoped would be financed by the private sector, said more quickly. A panel of experts is due to approve a came in at 10% under the city a sales tax, road tolls and higher parking fees would plan for Sheppard East, where Mayor Ford wishes to engineers’ estimate and covers be needed to meet the cost. build another subway, but has no funding identified. construction of the rails, stops A week later Ms Stintz filed a petition signed by The city council will need to sign a master agree- and utilities diversion. Seven ve- 24 councillors demanding a special city council ment with the provincial agency Metrolinx to gain hicles were ordered from Oregon meeting, and this took place on 8 February. The Ford access to the CAD8.4bn (EUR6.25bn) in funding Ironworks in 2009 for USD26m. plan was defeated by 26 to 17 votes and the Stintz available for the Eglinton corridor. The completed line is expected plan (Eglinton subway/surface light rail, Finch sur- The TTC board called a special meeting on 21 Feb- to cost USD196.5m, and the city face light rail, Scarborough RT converted to surface ruary, resulting in the narrow vote to dismiss Chief has said that the below-estimate light rail) was approved by 25 votes to 18. General Manager Gary Webster – an opponent of the construction contract should help Mayor Ford dismissed the votes as “irrelevant” subway plans. Webster has been with the TTC for 35 reduce the project’s estimated and began an SOS (Save our Subways) campaign years, and was due to retire in March 2013. USD7-13m funding gap. to advocate underground transit construction. An Quebec Premier Dalton McGuinty expressed exas- Opening of the 17-stop line is independent study amongst 400 Torontonians found peration with the deliberations of Toronto politicians, expected in late 2013. 51% in favour of Transit City and 38% in favour of and said the province was running out of patience. UK property developer to part-fund tramway study PROPERTY developer Peel the plans, the roughly 1km (0.6- ral Waters development will be pioneered to great success in San Holdings has offered to fund mile) heritage line would be ac- more difficult to deliver.” Francisco and there are now over half the cost of a further quired by the ITA and extended will create over 50 similar schemes across the US. GBP50 000 (EUR59 000) study to create a transport system for 1.1m square metres of office, cul- “Peel Holdings has demon- into the financial viability of the the Wirral Waters development tural, education, amenity, retail strated its support, funding part UK’s Wirral Tramway being ac- – the UK’s largest urban regen- and hotel space and is expected of the development work, offer- quired by the Inte- eration project. to provide 20 000 jobs and more ing half the cost of the current grated Transport Authority. A report by pre- than 13 500 new homes. financial consultants’ review The proposal for a study was sented at the meeting described During a heated debate, coun- and making very generous offers accepted at a public meeting of acquisition of the tramway as cillors questioned whether Mer- of land and other assistance to Merseytravel on 30 January, dur- “key to the successful future seytravel should embark on new facilitate tramway works. ing which Merseyside council- sustainable development” of the projects when the UK Govern- “When the UK Government lors raised concerns about costs scheme, continuing: “Without a ment was cutting grants. It was held its ‘Tram Summit’ in No- surrounding the scheme. Under credible transit system, the Wir- pointed out that the time needed vember 2011 the challenge was for a financial study would mean to find schemes that gave large that Merseytravel would miss the benefits and could be imple- current bid deadline for the pro- mented at an affordable cost in posed takeover of the tramway a time of austerity. The Wirral set by Wirral Borough Council, Tramway is just such a scheme. but members agreed to ask WBC “Success on Merseyside can to continue negotiations. demonstrate to other councils in- Merseytravel has acquired novative ways to pull their areas several former Blackpool trams, out of recession. Merseytravel, one of which is resident on the Peel and their advisors are to line with the remainder in store be praised for the imagination in Knowsley. shown by this scheme.” TramForward, the campaign- l The Wirral Tramway is cur- ing arm of the Light Rail Transit rently operating limited weekend Association, said: “We welcome services pending resolution of the Wirral Tramway proposals ownership discussions. Heritage made by Merseytravel. The mix tram operation remains with the of a real, modern tramway and Merseyside Tramway Preserva- Plans to extend Merseytravel services into the Wirral Waters development with a tourist operation – as proposed tion Society and is likely to con- an upgraded Wirral Tramway are being supported by the developer. Peel Holdings for Wirral – has already been tinue under any new ownership.

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128-131_TAUT1204_News.indd 1 28/2/12 09:57:38 final approval given Dubai maintenance contract award Dubai’s Roads and Transport for midland metro plan Authority (RTA) has awarded EXPANSION of the UK’s Midland Metro, The new trams will be similar to those commis- the 13-year EUR120m including the acquisition of new trams, can go ahead sioned last year in . The Urbos 3 vehicles maintenance contract for after the Government gave its final approval in are built in Zaragoza and have also been delivered phase 1 of the Al Sufouh mid-February. to Seville and ; in addition, they are cur- tramway to a consortium Some GBP75.4m (EUR89m) will come from the rently being built for and Nantes. CAF is of and Cofely Besix Government towards the GBP128m (EUR151m) also the supplier of the tram fleet being delivered to Facility Management. It project, which will see trams reach Birmingham’s Edinburgh. includes a EUR50m option New Street station by 2015. The project is being overseen by transport author- for a five-year extension. CAF has been chosen as the preferred bidder ity Centro, working in partnership with Birmingham The contract is for the to supply the 19 new trams, with an option for a City Council and the Black Country authorities. rolling stock and fixed further six, in a contract worth around GBP40m Centro Chief Executive Geoff Inskip said: “We installations of phase 1 of the (EUR47m). The Urbos 3 vehicles will be intro- are delighted to get the final go-ahead from the Dubai tramway; this includes duced from 2014, and will replace the existing fleet Treasury and ministers. Norman Baker has been a the supply and maintenance of 16 Ansaldo trams once the New Street extension great advocate for this project and we will waste of 11 Citadis tramsets, 10km opens. Improvements to Wednesbury depot are to no time in pressing ahead with construction, which, (6.2 miles) of APS-equipped be completed by August 2013, before the arrival of together with the rebuilding of New Street station, track, 13 stations, the depot the new fleet. will transform our network.” and stops, signalling, ticketing systems and electrification. Phase 2 provides for 14 Systra restructures for overseas growth additional Citadis tramsets, as well as a 4km (2.4-mile) FRENCH-BASED engineer- extension and six stations. ing consultancy Systra, jointly owned by French main line op- ’s urban erator SNCF and urban operator In mid-January CSR Zhuzhou RATP, is to take over the parent unveiled its prototype maglev companies’ own engineering for medium-capacity urban consultancies, Inexia and Xelis, transport applications. to improve its profile in interna- The Wind Chaser is tional markets. designed for cities of less than Following the first announce- two million population that ment of the restructuring in July cannot justify a full metro and 2011, a draft agreement was an- the three-car prototype has a nounced in mid-January formal- capacity of 598 passengers, ising the transfer to Systra of a a service speed of 100km/h 49% stake in both Inexia and (62mph) and a top speed of Xelis, stating the aim of posi- Xelis is project manager for Lyon’s T3 tramline that will serve the municipal stadium; 120km/h (74mph). tioning the new organisation as the firm will now be incorporated into a restructured Systra.Alstom/P. Sautelet CSR claims that curves “a fulcrum for French industry” down to a 100m radius can and “a national champion”. EUR400m, with Pierre Mongin, of the consolidated group, with easily be negotiated by the The expanded Systra will have CEO of RATP, becoming Chair- SNCF President Guillaume Pepy new vehicle, and that it offers an annual turnover of around man of a new supervisory board as vice-chair. a maintenance-free life of 30 years. The manufacturer has confirmed it is already in negotiations with a Chinese Bombardier-OJSC agree tram joint-venture buyer for an installation of the BOMBARDIER TRANSPORTATION has reached This latest joint-venture follows the agree- new technology. an agreement with Russian tram manufacturer ment signed in 2011 between Alstom and Trans- OJSC (a subsidiary of heavy machinery giant Ural- mashholding for the development of a low-floor Planner seeks vagonzavod) of Yekaterinburg in setting up a joint express tramway for the Russian capital, cross-city link details venture to produce trams for the Russian market. Moscow (TAUT 889). Ireland’s planning board, OJSC General Director Oleg Sienko, speaking to In related news, local media reports suggest OJSC considering the application RusBusinessNews, said the enterprise will be cre- will begin mass production of battery-powered trams for the 5.6km (3.5-mile) ated on a basis of parity and hoped to begin manu- later in 2012. The firm claims its lithium-ion batter- ‘Cross-city Connector’, facture of new vehicles in Yekaterinburg within the ies should last for 13 years and over 600 000km. has asked the Railway next year. Uralvagonzavod is already the largest The firm’s first 100% low-floor vehicle, of type Procurement Agency for more producer of freight in . 71-409, was unveiled in October (TAUT 889). details on how construction of the Metro North and Dart Connector would affect the Nottingham expansion prompts government visit proposed tram route. The cross-city link between THE start of construction of the phase 2 tramway they continue to be an increasingly important part of Dublin’s Luas Red and Green extensions in Nottingham (UK) prompted a visit by the lifeblood of the city – providing a sustainable lines was the only project Transport Minister Norman Baker on 18 January. alternative to taking your car into the city centre. of the three to be approved Nottingham Express Transit Phase Two will “The extension – supported by up to GBP371m of under the latest transport see new lines from the city centre to Clifton via Government funding – will hit the two key govern- financial package. The two Wilford and to Chilwell via Beeston. It has also ment targets of cutting carbon and creating growth.” underground lines have been seen the concession for the system passed from January saw the taking over of properties affected delayed, but would involve Arrow consortium to Nottingham. by compulsory purchase, plus the removal of trees and construction of three stations Mr Baker said: “We know that trams in Notting- vegetation along some roads along the new route. beneath the new tramline. ham are already very widely used and this will ensure The extensions are planned to open in late 2014.

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128-131_TAUT1204_News.indd 2 28/2/12 12:44:21 News Obama’s budget keeps the faith… THE US administration’s proposed budget for fiscal year 2013 was released in mid-February, including a USD2.2bn capital investment programme for the Federal Transportation Agency. The budget is always subject to compromise by the House and Sen- ate, and in an election year such as 2013 is even more aspirational, though indicative of what the FTA will be hoping to do if President Obama is re-elected, and the Democrats control Capitol Hill. As in previous years, transit projects figure prominently in funding grants, which include 17 rail projects totalling almost USD1.6bn: Mesa extension of Phoenix light rail USD20m Los Angeles Westside subway extension USD50m Los Angeles light rail connector USD31m San Francisco Third St light rail phase 2 USD150m San Jose – Berryessa BART extension USD150m Honolulu USD250m Charlotte light rail extension USD70m Minneapolis – St Paul Central line light rail USD98.4m New York Second Avenue subway phase 1 USD123.4m Portland – Milwaukie light rail USD100m Above: Los Angeles’ light rail expansion is to continue thanks to federal funding, and a through link from Union Station to the Blue line is one aspiration. J. Wolinsky North West – South East light rail USD79m Houston North Corridor light rail USD100m and other user fees in the highway trust fund. In 2010 this brought US- Houston South East Corridor light rail USD100m D8bn into transit funding. If the bill were passed as written all the trust Salt Lake City Draper Corridor light rail USD5.7m money would go to roads and bridges and a one-off payment of USD- 40bn over six years would cover all other transportation programmes, Dulles metro extension USD96m including transit. Seattle University Link light rail USD110m The USD40bn is envisaged to come from royalties on increased gas Portland/ light rail USD39m and oil drilling in coastal waters. Amtrak’s operating subsidy would be cut by 25% in FY 2012 and FY 2013. Transportation Secretary Ray …but future finance faces uncertainty LaHood is reported to have called this the worst transportation bill he The annual transportation bill brought to the US House of Representa- had seen in 35 years. tives in February has been written by the Republican majority in a way If passed by the House it could be overturned in the Senate. Current that would make financing for mass transit less certain by ending the legislation expires on 31 March; congress was in recess as TAUT went 30-year agreement that guaranteed transit a 20% share of fuel taxes to press, so the final outcome is unclear. China builds Contract awards for light rail new tramway A ground-breaking cer- and further delays for metro emony for a four-line 60km Qrail has signed a QAR1.95bn (EUR397m) con- the second delay in tendering the USD41bn rail (37.2-mile) tramway network in tract with Qatari Diar Vinci Construction (QVDC) project. In October, the Railway Company the city of was held at for infrastructure work on the second phase of the said it would delay tenders until the first quarter of the Olympic Sports Centre on 17 Lusail LRT system. 2012 in order to complete more detailed studies on February, with the USD771.6m The contract covers civil engineering works in the project, although it had received expressions of project being managed by China seven underground stations and construction of a interest from around 60 consortia by that point. CNR Corporation. viaduct over the highway between Doha and the The planned 213km (132-mile) metro includes The company has announced north of the country. It also involves preliminary four lines which will link the football stadi- an order for 20 low-floor trams depot and workshop works and is expected to take ums planned for use in the 2022 World Cup. It is to serve the first phase of the sys- 38 months to complete. expected to employ more than 20 000 workers tem, linking the sports centre, na- The four-line 30km (18.6-mile) network will during the peak of construction. tional games village, high-speed have ten underground and 25 surface stations when The Gulf state has allocated 40% of its budget rail station and metro stations. it opens in 2016, serving the new city 15km (9.3 over the next six years to major infrastructure Passenger services must start miles) north of the capital, Doha. projects, including USD11bn for a new internation- by June 2013, in time for the Meanwhile, tenders for the project al , USD5.5bn for a deep-water seaport and 12th China National Games. have been delayed to the second quarter of 2012, an additional USD20bn on roads. Sooo British!: tram marks UK chair of the Council of Europe On 23 January the first of 12 Strasbourg of the UK at the Council of Europe, with trams carrying a British advertising Keith Whitmore, President of the Congress livery was unveiled to mark the start of of Local and Regional Authorities of the the UK’s chairmanship of the Council of Council of Europe. The tram advertises the Europe. ‘Sooo British!’ cultural programme. Derby-built Eurotram 1051 was un- The trams will carry the decals until veiled at Human Rights by August 2012 and will work on line E Eleanor Fuller, permanent representative (Robertsau – Baggersee). Left: To mark the UK’s chairmanship of the Council of Europe, a Strasbourg tram was unveiled carrying a Union Flag at the Human Rights stop. Eurotram 1051 was built in the UK. EU Congress of Local and Regional Authorities

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128-131_TAUT1204_News.indd 3 28/2/12 09:25:32 Crystal Palace plan to Manaus moves forward A BRR1.45bn (EUR629m) be revived post-2016? contract has been signed A PROJECT to extend the London Tramlink for London carried out at Stadler’s Pankow with Scomi Engineering for a system to Crystal Palace – shelved in 2008 – is ex- factory. Tilt seats have been removed to create a large 20km (12.4-mile) monorail pected to be the main focus of attention in a series open area; capacity is for 210 passengers, 72 seated. with ten six-car trains for the of transport improvements for the UK capital post- Externally, under-run protection has been added Brazilian city of Manaus. 2016. Also in prospect is extending the Beckenham and bevelled edges fitted beneath cab windows to dis- The line from Largo da Junction section to Bromley, but this is not currently courage ‘tram surfing.’ Carrying a two-year warranty Matriz to Jorge Teixeira should expected before 2022. from Stadler, maintenance at Therapia Lane will be be ready to open in 2014. There is also the possibility of extending the by the incumbent contractors, Bombardier; 20 extra from Lewisham to jobs have followed the fleet expansion and track stor- Maglev discounted Bromley North via Hither Green and Grove Park, age capacity is being increased at the depot. for although this could be realised as an Underground Since arrival in January, 2554 (originally destined India’s Kochi Metro extension – possibly of the Bakerloo line. to be 215) has been used for training and has decided against Further closures of sections of Tramlink have tests, with the type now cleared for use across the incorporating maglev taken place to allow rail replacement and modifica- system. It should enter service in late February. The technology, tions to platforms to accommodate new trams. addition of a fourth route, Therapia Lane to Elmers Rail Corporation (DMRC) Mayor of London Boris Johnson was at End, should be triggered by the availability of all announced in late February. Tramlink’s Therapia Lane depot on 15 February to six new trams by June 2012, but both classes will After negotiations with formally introduce the first of six StadlerVariobahn be used interchangeably on all lines. Korean manufacturers, DMRC trams in a GBP16.3m (EUR19m) order; 2554, Transport for London has a 36-month option for has decided against the continues from the numbering of 24 Bombardier eight more Variobahns, within which is a minimum technology and is pursuing CR4000 that opened the Croydon-centred Tramlink order for four. Exercising the option could be influ- conventional metro construction in May 2000. enced by potential expansion like a northward con- as used by the Delhi Metro. Mr Johnson said: “Trams are the cornerstone of nection to Crystal Palace and in the west where a the local economy and the superb new additions Wimbledon to Sutton service is under consideration. Curtiba ready to tender to the fleet will help deliver the better and more The current busiest route, between Croydon and Curtiba, in southern , frequent services that local people deserve.” Wimbledon, should be eased by track doubling be- is to tender for phase 1 Initially created to the specifications of ’s tween Mitcham and Mitcham Junction (expected by construction work on the Bergen Bybanen, the air-conditioned, 100% low- the end of 2012), and more platform space is due to 14.2km (8.8-mile) Linha Azul floor trams incorporate modifications for Transport be added at the interchange. metro project, set to replace rapid transit in the city. The USD1.31bn project calls for construction of 13 stations, connecting CIC Sul station in the southernmost part of the city to Rua das Flores in the downtown area. Left: New Initial funding entails Variobahn a USD585m federal grant and USD295m from a 2554 sits public-private partnership. at Therapia Tenders are also to be depot in invited for 18 five-car trains. Croydon at the offical New trams for Szczecin launch of the Tramwaje Szczecinskie, additions to operator of the tramway in the Tramlink Szczecin, has invited fleet, next to tenders for 22 32m low-floor Bombardier trams for delivery by May CR4000 2014. Funding will come 2548. from the EU. Neil Pulling Abu Dhabi construction HeiterBlick’s Vamos wins design award The Vamos light rail car devel- to begin this summer oped by HeiterBlick has been awarded the IF design award Spanish consultancy Sener reports that work on the for the category Transportation first 30km (18.6-mile) Abu Dhabi light rail line will Design. Decided annually since start this summer, for completion in 2017, following 1953, the awards are voted by a funding approval from the Executive Council. jury from 13 nations evaluating The two-line system will cover a total distance criteria including design, inno- of 300km (186.4 miles), linking the downtown area vation, functionality, ergonom- with Al Sowwah Island, site of a major new ics, safety and quality. financial centre. The high-floor metre-gauge Sener has been conducting studies to define op- 35m car was produced by erational boundaries for the high summer tempera- HeiterBlick and Vossloh Kiepe tures in the capital, as well testing to see how sand and built in Leipzig for delivery The Vamos, 2.65m-wide despite running on metre-gauge and dust on the lines interfere with its operation. to moBiel in Bielefeld. track with 2.3m platform clearances. HeiterBlick

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128-131_TAUT1204_News.indd 4 28/2/12 12:45:29 Rolling stock orders

Rolling stock orders 2012 With packed order books for the major manufacturers, smaller players are taking increasing market share – but is this the last bumper year for new tram orders? Michael Taplin reports.

s our list shows, more than 3000 new trams and A mock-up of CAF’s operators and suppliers. The former can reserve further cars, LRVs are on order from 17 manufacturers to low-cost tram and acquire them without again going through the whole equip both new systems and boost existing ones for the French tendering rigmarole. The latter can offer a good price for Aworldwide (delivery has already started on some of these city of Besançon order extensions and keep the customer within their ambit. orders). The majority are low-floor trams (and the majority was exhibited in A corollary is that tender evaluation must be carried out of those are 100% low-floor), though high-floor LRVs for Strasbourg last both scrupulously and transparently, as manufacturers have high platform systems make up a significant number. year. Each will increasingly resorted to legal action if they believe there is While the stock list on the right is dominated by multi- be named after been something not right with the decision-making. national manufacturers such as Alstom, Bombardier and a famous figure In Europe the market is dominated by Alstom and Siemens, smaller firms that were not even in the market ten from literature or Bombardier, with the latter outselling the former in 2011. years ago – such as CAF, PESA, Stadler and Vossloh – are philosophy. KevinB The majority of their orders are for system trams; relatively doing brisk business and up healthy order books. standard designs that appear to be catalogue trams. The However, looking ahead, and taking account of the platform names Citadis and Flexity are used, though closer world economic situation, it seems unlikely that new orders inspection of specifications shows that whilst the majority will continue to be placed at the rate of over 500 per year of components may be standardised, buyers have the achieved in 2011. This statement will of course be validated opportunity to tweak the design to suit their own systems. or otherwise by political considerations. With elections due The , for example, has been built with in both and the USA, where current governments more than 30 different front-end designs, and Bombardier have encouraged local authorities to spend their way out of offers similar opportunities. Interestingly, the French cities recession, a change is possible, though the consequences of Dijon and Brest placed a joint order distinguished only will not take effect until 2014 and beyond. by paintschemes, and they obtained a better price through Car prices range from EUR1.75m (Citadis Compact) to ordering more than 50 cars rather than two smaller orders. EUR3.37m (Dualis tram-train) with roughly EUR3m typical. When competition lessens through takeovers and mergers, A feature of the listings that has become more common there will always be firms who see the opportunity to win is the placing of both firm orders and options; this is one orders from operators keen to achieve a better deal. In reality consequence of onerous tendering regulations, and suits both these firms have been in the rolling stock business for years

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132-134_TAUT1204_Rolling Stock.i1 1 28/2/12 09:28:48 Trams/LRVs on order as at February 2012 Manufacturer Orders + options delivery Manufacturer Orders + options delivery

Alstom 551 + 131 PESA 204 + 123 Aubagne...... 8 + 10...... Citadis Compact...... 2014 Czestochowa...... 7...... Swing...... 2013 Astana...... 12 + 37....Citadis...... 2013-14 Pavlodar...... 2 + 83...... Swing...... 2012-13 Bordeaux...... 26 + 30....Citadis...... 2013-14 Szeged...... 9...... Swing...... 2011-12 Brest...... 20...... Citadis...... 2011-12 Warszawa...... 186 + 40.. Swing...... 2011-14 Casablanca...... 74 + 24....Citadis...... 2011-12 Constantine...... 27...... Citadis...... 2012-13 Siemens 377 Dijon...... 32...... Citadis...... 2011-12 Atlanta...... 4...... S70...... 2013 Dubai...... 11 + 14 ...Citadis...... 2013-14 Antwerpen...... 13...... Hermelijn...... 2012 Le Havre...... 20...... Citadis...... 2012 with Bombardier Lyon...... 10 + 9 .....Citadis...... 2012-13 Calgary...... 38...... SD160...... 2012-13 Magdeburg...... 11...... NGT8D...... 2012-13 Den Haag...... 40...... Avenio...... 2014-15 Montpellier...... 23 + 7...... Citadis...... 2012-13 Düsseldorf...... 61...... NF-U...... 2009-13 Nottingham...... 22...... Citadis...... 2013-14 Houston...... 19...... S70...... 2012-13 Oran...... 30...... Citadis...... 2011-12 Minneapolis...... 41...... S70...... 2013-14 Paris...... 107...... Citadis...... 2011-14 San Diego...... 57...... S70s...... 2011-13 Rouen...... 27...... Citadis...... 2011-12 Wien...... 104...... ULF...... 2011-14 SNCF...... 47...... Dualis...... 2011-12 Tours...... 21...... Citadis...... 2013 Solaris 45 Tunis...... 16...... Citadis...... 2011-12 Jena...... 5...... Tramino...... 2013 Valenciennes...... 7...... Citadis...... 2012 Poznan...... 40...... Tramino...... 2011-12

AnsaldoBreda 93 + 7 Skoda 281 Genova...... 7 + 7...... High-floor LRV...... 2013-14 Miskolc...... 31...... 25T...... 2013-14 FGC Genova...... 1...... Tram-train...... 2012 with Ganz Firenze...... 29 ...... Sirio...... 2013-15 ...... 250...... 15T...... 2010-13 Göteborg...... 35...... Sirio...... 2911-12 Kayseri...... 21 ...... Sirio...... 2014-15 Stadler 141 + 57 Basel (BLT)...... 15 + 21....Tango...... 2012-13 Astra 24 + 51 Bergen...... ß + 12...... Variobahn...... 2012-14 Arad...... 24 + 51....Imperio...... 2012-14 -Solothurn (RBS)...... 8...... NExT...... 2012 with Siemens Bochum...... 15...... Variobahn...... 2012-13 Croydon...... 6...... Variobahn...... 2012 Bombardier 974 + 108 Frauenfeld–Wil...... 5...... Diamant...... 2012 Basel...... 60 + 51 ..Flexity 2...... 2013-15 Geneve...... 32 + 24....Tango...... 2011-12 Berlin...... 99 ...... Flexity Berlin...... 2011-13 München...... 18...... Variobahn...... 2011-12 Blackpool...... 16 ...... Flexity 2...... 2011-12 Potsdam...... 14...... Variobahn...... 2011-12 Brussels...... 90 ...... Flexity...... 2011-14 Stuttgart...... 20 ...... DT8...... 2012-13 Essen...... 27 ...... Flexity Classic...... 2013-14 Frankfurt-am-Main...... 10 ...... Flexity Classic...... 2012-13 Vossloh 131 + 154 ...... 78 ...... Flexity Swift...... 2012-15 Hannover...... 50 + 96.... Typ 3000...... 2013-14 Gold Coast...... 14 ...... Flexity 2...... 2013-14 with Alstom/Heiterblick Halle...... 12 + 4 .....Flexity Classic...... 2012-13 Karlsruhe...... 25 + 50....Citylink...... 2013-14 Karlsruhe...... 30 + 45 ...Flexity Swift...... 2012-13 Leon...... 4...... Tramlink...... 2012 Kassel...... 18 ...... Flexity Classic...... 2012-13 León...... 4 + 8...... Tram-Train...... 2012 Kraków...... 24 ...... Flexity Classic...... 2012-13 ...... 13...... Tramlink...... 2013-14 Linz...... 22 ...... Cityrunner...... 2011-12 South Yorkshire...... 4...... Tram-train...... 2013 Manchester...... 12 ...... M5000...... 2013-14 ...... 31...... Schwebebahn...... 2013-14 RNV...... 11 ...... Variobahn...... 2014 Transtech 40 + 95 ...... 50 ...... Flexity...... 2012-14 Helsinki...... 40 + 95...... 2013-16 Plauen...... 2 + 8 ...... Flexity Classic...... 2013 Strausberg...... 2 ...... Flexity Berlin...... 2013 10 + 1 Toronto...... 195 ...... Flexity Freedom...... 2013-15 Portland...... 5 + 1 ...... 100...... 2012 Toronto (Metrolinx)...... 182 ...... LRV...... 2014-16 Tucson...... 5 ...... 200...... 2012-13 Wien...... 20 ...... Flexity Swift...... 2013 CSR Zhuzhou 30 CAF 207 + 128 Izmir...... 30...... Light metro...... 2011-12 Beograd...... 30 ...... Urbos 3...... 2011-12 Besançon...... 19 ...... Urbos 3...... 2013-14 Cadiz...... 7 ...... Tram-train...... 2012 Orders pending 341 + 19 Debrecen...... 18 ...... Urbos 3...... 2012-13 Granada...... 13 + 4 .....Urbos 3...... 2012 Braunschweig...... 15 + 3 San Antonio...... 5 Houston...... 39 ...... High-floor LRV...... 2013-14 Bydgoszcz...... 15 Sassi...... 3 + 6 Malaga...... 14 ...... Urbos 3...... 2011-12 Caen...... 22 Szczecin...... 22 Nantes...... 12 ...... Urbos 3...... 2012-13 Stockholm...... 15 + 106 . Urbos AXL...... 2013-16 Cincinnati...... 5 Washington DC...... 2 West Midlands...... 19+6 ...... Urbos 3...... 2014-15 ...... 10 Zürich...... 30 Zaragoza...... 21 + 9 .....Urbos 3...... 2011-12 Cluj-Napoca...... 6 + 4 Daugavpils...... 12 HeiterBlick 16 Freiburg-im-Breisgau...... 6 + 6 Bielefeld...... 16 ...... Vamos...... 2011-12 Hasselt...... 12 Inekon 26 + 18 København...... 24 Seattle...... 6...... 2013 Los Angeles...... 74 Tashkent...... 20 + 18....Vario LF...... 2011-12 Ottawa...... 15 Oslo...... 45 Newag/Modertrans 15 Plzen...... 18 Olztyn...... 15...... 2014

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132-134_TAUT1204_Rolling Stock.i2 2 28/2/12 09:29:13 Rolling stock orders

and see trams as a logical extension to building trains and metro cars, keeping the factories busy and spreading the fixed costs even if individual orders may not be strictly profitable. CAF, Stadler and Vossloh have certainly offered good value on their new products. CAF won the Besançon order with its smaller, low-cost tram, but Alstom and Bombardier have fought back with their own compact models. It must be realised that with so many new tramways opened in the last two decades, the possibilities for further new systems have moved down a step in the city size, and the low-cost tramway has come into its own. Firms such as Vossloh are still willing to build a system’s own design to a competitive price; witness the order from Karlsruhe which is completely different from the Tramlink variant Vossloh will supply to Rostock. The Karlsruhe cars are more like CAF’s A35 for Stockholm or the new Helsinki design, with the centre section mounted on a pair of . The A35 has an aluminium body, the other two steel. Eastern European manufacturers are also now capable of producing trams that are the equal of those that roll out of western factories, and with cities such as Praha and Warszawa placing huge home orders, the likes of Skoda, Solaris and PESA can now attack western markets with confidence. It remains to be seen whether other newcomers can cut it in the market place. As reported in the last issue, Ganz-Skoda has just won the protracted contract for Miskolc, supplying an all-new low-floor design, designated the25T . Heiterblick’s efforts to sell its Tatra replacement Leoliner seem to have faded, and perhaps its future lies more as an assembly facility for manufacturers needing a temporary increase in capacity. The high-floor metre-gaugeVamos for Bielefeld looks as if it could be unique, notwithstanding the clever design that has recently won the presigious IF Award. Showing there is still room for new manufacturers, Transtech in has won the Helsinki order with a design that has a clear specification to work on difficult track in severe weather conditions. Bogies for the Transtech cars have been developed by Von Prose in Winterthur with input from Voith, with fully-suspended motors mounted outside the frame. The second-hand market may still come back to life for Top: Although (Bern and Erfurt), but is now seeking success with its Avenio new systems, with the first low-floor cars now for sale. rejected by Basel, design. The Den Haag order was its first success, and the Rouen is seeking to dispose of 28 TFS2 dating from Stadler was able to company must be looking to break back into the German 1993-4 (Grenoble and Paris decided they did not want retain its place in market. But how big will that market be? With Bombardier them), Birmingham will soon be looking to sell 16 the Swiss market scooping up many of its traditional customers, small orders 1998-built Firema cars, and Oslo would like to sell on its 32 with 32 Tango cars such as those planned by Braunschweg and Freiburg-im- AnsaldoBreda cars if it can find the budget for replacements. for Geneva. Breisgau may be the best that it can hope for. More cities Worldwide, the sale of San Diego’s original high- T. Sullivan are judging it better value to undertake heavy overhauls of floor cars, already supporting the new Argentinian light rail existing fleet members rather than buying replacements. line at Mendoza, may present other similar opportunities. On the face of it, the big opportunity seems to be in eastern There are also likely to be some Italian-built Manchester Above: Siemens is Europe and the former USSR. The EU has been generous high-floor cars on the market soon as the expanding hoping the stylish in financing replacement programmes in countries such as Metrolink system exercises more Bombardier orders. new Avenio can win Hungary and Poland, and (Greek debt crisis notwithstanding) Siemens features third in the listings largely due to the back market share this should continue. Meanwhile, the big multi-nationals production of its US factory in Sacramento (where it will in Europe. The first are setting up joint ventures with their Russian counterparts, adapt the S70 LRV for use as a streetcar for Atlanta). The order came from witness Alstom/Transmashholding, and now Bombardier/ future there is tied up with the outcome of the November US Dutch operator Uralvagonzavod (see News), in order to be well-placed to elections, with city centre tramway circulators very much HTM in Den Haag. move into the former Soviet tram market. the vogue, as long as federal funding remains available (see Siemens In the UK, it is good to see tram orders for Blackpool, page 149 for more on the US streetcar climate). Croydon, Manchester, Nottingham and the West Midlands In Europe the company survived after the issues with with Sheffield soon to follow. Nottingham will have the first its design through the loyalty of some customers of the ubiquitous Citadis to operate in the UK, while the West Midlands has followed Edinburgh in choosing CAF. Yet what of China and India, the world’s fastest growing Left: The artist’s economies? Will the metro boom be followed by tramway impression of the development as smaller cities seek to sort out their stylish five-section, urban transportation? I am sure the salesmen are already double-ended, 100% consulting their atlases… According to one gushing report, is going to low-floor Ganz- need 5000 new trams and metro sets in the next few years Skoda tram for the and that should equate to enough orders to keep everyone Hungarian city of happy. But the established players should watch out as Miskolc, which has Chinese manufacturers eye the European market. CSR ordered 31 of the Zhuzhou already has its first stepping stone with a contract 32m cars. for Izmir, and the Chinese rolling stock industry could go Ganz-Skoda from 0-100 in the market in a very short space of time. TAUT

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132-134_TAUT1204_Rolling Stock.i3 3 28/2/12 09:30:28 Ukraine and Euro 2012 Ukraine’s road to Euro 2012

Continuing his series focusing on the urban transport developments of the joint hosts of the upcoming European football championships, Mike Russell reviews the current state of tramway developments and operation in Ukraine.

kraine may be Poland’s co-host for the Euro 2012 Above: Advertising and a flow of western capital assisting in rejuvenation of the football championships, but it would be a mistake the Euro 2012 great towns and cities. to imagine that its infrastructure reconstruction championships on Different parts of this vast country exhibit quite different andU related developments has followed similar paths. In its front dash is characteristics. The capital, (Kiev), has over 2.75 Ukraine, there has been a concentration on major capital Kyiv 450, a unique million inhabitants and, is by far the biggest city in the works such as heavy railway and road improvements, and three-section country. It is recognised as the birthplace of modern development of new airport terminal and hotels, low-floor 71-154M Russia, with many fine buildings and churches set on land with little funding for tramway improvement works. car acquired from forming the old city centre on the west bank of the river Ukraine is one of the biggest countries in Europe, with , the arterial lifeblood of the country. The flatter a population of more than 45 million and a land area of Skt Petersburg. lands on the east bank contain the sprawling suburbs over 600 000km2 (232 000 miles2). It is blessed with an The tram waits at of , with typical Soviet-era high-rise blocks abundance of natural and metallurgical resources, with Kiltseva Doroga dominating the skyline. arable soil throughout the country sufficiently extensive to terminus of the Western Ukraine, by contrast, exudes a thoroughly Polish enable it to feed the whole of eastern Europe and, arguably, express tramway on aura – unsurprisingly, as much of it was formerly part of most of the west, too: there was a reason that part of the 22 July 2011. Poland and, earlier still, the Austro-Hungarian empire, Soviet empire was once dubbed ‘the breadbasket of Europe’. whilst some areas were briefly transferred to . This Ukraine’s transition from a republic of the former Soviet part of the country contains several historic and attractive Union has been rather fraught. Finding itself unexpectedly cities, notably Lviv, the capital of western Ukraine, which is independent in August 1991, Ukraine struggled in the one of the least-discovered tourist gems of eastern Europe. early years to establish an identity and break free from the By contrast, the south-eastern Donbass region, containing rigours of the old political system. Even today, political 12% of the country’s natural resources, was once the considerations loom large in deliberations on the country’s nation’s industrial and economic powerhouse, but has sadly future. Ukraine sees itself as a bridge between east and now fallen into steep decline. Its metallurgical industries west, and its heart still tugs it towards a close relationship are now seen as outdated remnants of the old order, with with Russia, whilst its head inclines it to increased inefficient mine workings and a landscape littered with co-operation with the EU, possibly eventually leading to industrial detritus. The area still produces 22% of Ukraine’s full membership. total industrial output however. Only now is the economy breaking free from years of All images courtesy Donbass residents still overwhelmingly speak Russian stagnation or decline, with living standards starting to rise of Mike Russell and have a hankering to join Russia, but the latter seems in

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135-139_TAUT1204_Ukraine new.ind1 1 28/2/12 10:02:38 Ukraine and Euro 2012

no hurry to annexe the area, possibly mindful of the huge investment necessary to resuscitate industrial capacity. An interesting Ukrainian stepchild is the Crimean Kyiv peninsular, part of the Soviet empire unilaterally handed Right: Coupled sets of to Ukraine by General Secretary Krushchev (himself of the new K-1 cars Ukrainian stock) in 1954, an act that still rankles with were hitherto only ethnic Russians. Before 1944 it was an ethnically diverse to be found in Kyiv, region, but Stalin’s policy of ethnic cleansing caused the where they operate deportation of Crimean Tatars, followed by deportations on the reconstructed of Germans, Greeks, Armenians and Bulgarians to Central express tramway and Siberia. Crimea enjoys autonomous Republic status within the Ukraine and is in many ways a world routes 1 and 3. apart. Here 322 and 325 Ukraine has 23 tramways, ranging from the big Kyiv approach Vokzal on 22 network to the diminutive seasonal operation at Molochne July 2011. in Crimea. Most towns and cities of any size retain a tramway system, often operated in conjunction with one of Top left: One of the the country’s 43 networks, and some remarkable few Tatra K3R-N small-town networks survive. Tramways feature in all three-section the four Ukrainian host cities of Euro 2012 all feature articulated cars to be tramways: Kyiv, Donetsk, and Lviv. found in Ukrainian Rolling stock developments have virtually atrophied national livery is 403, since independence and visiting several small systems you seen passing through cannot fail to notice how poorly turned-out the survivors the reconstructed are from Soviet times. The bigger systems took delivery junction of express of Tatra products from the Czech CKD works, and large tram routes 1 and numbers of these are still in service. 3 on 22 July 2011. When CKD went into administration, the residual bogies The high standard were acquired by the Pivdenmash (Yuzhmash) engineering of trackwork on the works in Dnipropetrovsk and used to form a series of 52 wide-bodied bogie cars designated Tatra-Yug, virtually reconstructed express identical to the T6B5 bogie cars previously produced by Tatra. tramway is evident. The smaller systems relied on the Russian Ust-Katav factory, with examples of KTM-5, KTM-8 and KTM-8M Above left: Coupled models supplanting earlier models (KTM-1 and KTM-2 and T6B5 bogie cars are their matching trailers), a few of which survive here and to be found on the there as works cars in depots. Exhaustion of Tatra bogies east bank in Kyiv. This has rendered it necessary to develop n models for the pair headed by 088 future, and the Yuzhmash works has built a stylish bogie leaves the terminus at car, model K-1. Similar in overall dimensions to the T6B5 and Tatra-Yug but with less angular styling, examples have through a bevy of found their way to Donetsk and, in penny numbers, several small market stalls on other systems. 22 July 2011. A prototype three-section articulated car (K1-8M) with suspended low-floor central section initially found no takers Left: Tatra K3R-N but was eventually acquired by Kyiv. articulated car 402 The country’s poor economic situation, and the fact that heading outwards tramways are quite low on the pecking order when it comes to investment, means that bogie cars will remain on the reconstructed for some time; the Kyiv tramways’ Darnytsia works is express tramway at proving itself adept at remodelling some for many years of Ploscha Peremohy on further service. These heavy overhauls include total internal 24 July 2011, with an refurbishment, whilst an interesting development has been advertisement for the the formation of some 14 articulated cars of type Euro 2012 football K3R-N, with low-floor central sections, from two oldT3 championships on its body shells; two of these have gone to Kryvyi Rih for use front dash panel. on its express tramway, whilst the other 12 remain in Kyiv. Elsewhere, a ‘make do and mend’ approach is adopted, and one is reminded of a sad visit to the Yenakieve overhaul works in 2009, with skilled workers attempting to reface Kharkiv worn-out tyres on KTM-5 bogies using a life-expired wheel lathe because no better equipment could be afforded. As the capital of eastern Ukraine, Kharkiv is another transport megapolis, with a Due acknowledgment should be given to the remarkable tramway network of 17 routes and an even bigger trolleybus system (30 routes). resourcefulness of tramway staff in keeping old rolling The city was the national capital from 1919 to 1934 and today boasts some fine stock in working order in severely straitened conditions. examples of and a renowned university. For the tramway Permanent way is in a similar state: there is evidence student, one of its most remarkable features is the huge number of works cars – at of well-worn rail that has already been turned, whilst 63, far larger than many provincial passenger fleets. These come in all shapes, alignments are often shaky at best. All this inadequate sizes and guises, and a particularly impressive parade of several of them can be infrastructure is kept going on woefully insufficient income, seen heading south to depot Zhovtneve at around midday for staff to eat lunch. because of the state-imposed obligation on the tramways to For its passenger fleet, Kharkiv now relies mainly on the Tatra T3. In recent convey members of specified classes of passenger free-of- months the company has acquired six cars of this type from (8034, 8039, charge. 8040, 8046, 8070 and 8073), but other than this, no major tramway works have At some point, this view of the tramways as an arm of been programmed in connection with Euro 2012. the state’s social security system will have to be addressed, The fleet also includes 40 cars and, unique in Ukraine, ten KTM-19 because without increased revenue sources the tramways cars from Russia. This is one of only two post-independence incursions which will surely die. the Ust-Katav works has made into the Ukrainian market.

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135-139_TAUT1204_Ukraine new.ind2 2 28/2/12 09:33:07 Kyiv

Without doubt Kyiv has one of the more metro system which now handles the city’s K-1 bogie cars, the 12 three-section K3R-N impressive Ukranian tramways, but even mass transportation movements. Tatras and a low-floor articulated car bought here a high percentage of lines on the west Even in Darnytsia, though, the tramway from Skt Petersburg (Russia). There is also bank (the old city) have been closed since has not been entirely spared: the important a proposal to buy surplus Tatra T3 cars from 1991, leaving only eight conventional to Prospekt Vatutina in the north- Leipzig to increase service before the metro routes (several being overlapping services), east, almost entirely built on reserved is extended to this area. operating partly on street track and partly track, was closed in 2000 and is currently The Kyiv authorities continue with on paved or grass reservation, with some disused, although recent plans envisage its their 1960s vision and consider trams and private right-of-way. reconstruction and reopening. the main reason for central area Many lines have been closed and rails The most significant development in the congestion. There are no supplementary lifted, the most recent being riverside line 5, lead-up to Euro 2012 has been the complete bus routes, so the only way to travel short latterly reduced to a 40-minute service by one reconstruction of the express tramway line on distances is either on foot or by metro. car, a sad contrast with its heyday when it the west bank, a showpiece route built in the The was opened in 1960 and was the prime artery south from Kontraktova mid-1970s that linked Starovoksalna vul. with is a fascinating system, with many stations Ploshcha along Naberezhne Shose. terminals at vul. Bulgakova () and being architectural masterpieces. It also Political machinations have done a great Kiltseva Doroga (). Closed in 2008, it features one of the deepest stations in the deal of damage to the Kyiv tramway. The reopened in 2011 with fully-segregated track world as well as multiple river crossings principal east-west river crossing over Mist on central reservation, improved stopping with attractive views. Patona was closed at a few hours’ notice place infrastructure and, most importantly, the Dating back to Soviet times when it was in 2004 on the orders of the then Mayor, to line extended from its former city terminus to considered the only reliable transport mode, free up space for use by other road vehicles, Vokzal (railway station). This now provides the metro is now being extensively developed, including the favoured taxis and minibuses. a high-speed link between the railway station although it is the most expensive to construct, As a result, Kyiv’s tramway now operates interchange and western suburbs. especially given Kyiv’s unfavourable in two physically isolated sections. The Rolling stock is now varied: trains of Tatra geological conditions. It is now the backbone Darnytsia (east bank) side is in a healthier T3SU bogie cars, original and refurbished, of the city’s transport system and the only state, with several routes, many laid on continue to play a significant part in the means of public transport in the city centre, so reserved track, serving modern housing service, but here too will be found some of that at certain times it becomes very crowded, estates and acting as feeders to the four-line the fleet’s 88 T6B5 cars, the small number of especially at interchange stations.

Kharkiv

Left: Kharkiv is the only Ukrainian tramway to have taken delivery of the Russian- produced KTM-19 model. This is 3107 before entering service, Above: To commemorate the centenary of electric tramways in the seen outside city, Kharkiv restored two veterans to running order for special uses. Kominternivske Seen at Saltivske depot on 19 April 2007 are MTV-82 55 and a type depot. Kh pre-war two-axle car numbered 100.

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135-139_TAUT1204_Ukraine new.ind3 3 28/2/12 09:33:32 Ukraine and Euro 2012

Left: The scene at Kronshtadska vul. junction in the aftermath of a severe rain shower on 17 April 2008, with Tatra T3 cars 142 and 133 and a good illustration of the condition of the paving on parts of the tramway network. Above: A scene at the central DMZ terminus of trunk line 1 on 6 July 2011, with two K-1 bogie cars, 3029 Donetsk and 3033. Further south, in Donetsk, capital of the single-track non-service lines, one of which they operate and the heavy passenger Donbass region, development of the now passes through land appropriated by an loadings, this is a real feat of endurance and tramway has been continuing unbroken investment bank for its staff car park. Its use testament to their sound construction. since independence. In addition to eight is mainly by works cars and depot transfers, Around 30 cars of the T3SU two-door Tatra-Yug bogie cars acquired in 2003-4, no with movements so rare that the crossing version remain in traffic along with the later fewer than 28 K-1 bogie cars were purchased of the main north/south Vul. Artema has to and more commonplace three-door type. A in 2004-10. These were intended to improve be protected by a tramway employee with unique Skt Petersburg-built low-floor bogie the offering on trunk line 1 – linking the a red flag. car of type 71-153 was acquired in 2010. city with the remote main railway station Both western and eastern routes include The main acknowledgment by Donetsk some 9km (5.5 miles) to the north – and its long lines through areas littered with of the football championships has been peak-period short-working 6, but even so are working coalmines and spoil heaps. Traffic the acquisition of 30 new low-floor LAZ insufficient to provide the full requirement. is heavy throughout the day, assisted by the articulated and two-axle trolleybuses, The Tatra-Yug cars, originally also used fact that in most cases there are no direct mainly for operation on trunk route 2, which on this line, were transferred to depot 4 in parallel roads, and services are frequent. also links the city centre with the railway 2011 for operation on the western routes Another feature worthy of remark is the station, albeit by a different route. starting from Tsentralnyi Rynok. longevity of Donetsk Tatra T3 cars – many Trolleybus service to the city’s airport, Donetsk tramway routes are grouped are amongst the oldest of this model in however, was discontinued in July 2011 in into distinct western, northern and eastern service anywhere, with some now having connection with terminal reconstruction; lines; they are not physically separated but notched up no fewer than 43 years’ service. it is not known whether the relatively connected in the city centre by a series of Given the gruelling conditions in which infrequent service will be reinstated.

Lviv The fourth host city is Lviv, capital of western Ukraine. The Left: One of Lviv’s tramway here is one of five within the country laid to metre-gauge, second-hand all the others being laid to Russian standard gauge (1524mm). It acquisitions in recent has a character of its own, with gutter-running tracks laid not only years is 1155, a Tatra in streets paved with granite setts but some with genuine cobbles. KT4D formerly 458 Many streets are flanked by imposing buildings dating from the in the Erfurt fleet, times when the city was variously part of the Austro-Hungarian seen on 25 April 2011. empire (when it was Lemberg) or Poland (Lwów). This short section The main artery through the city centre, at Ruska vul., features of paved reserved a section that was formerly interlaced but, during relaying in the track with substantial last decade, reconfigured as double-track. The track separation, however, still remains inadequate for trams to pass at critical points covered facilities was and so the whole has to be worked as a short section of signal- introduced in 2004 controlled single track. to replace a more Sadly, maintenance of track and rolling stock does not appear to awkward layout. be the Lviv tramway’s strongest suit. Breakdowns are frequent and cars are reduced to walking pace at many points due to dire track Right: A classic scene conditions. Quite significant relaying has been undertaken in recent on the Lviv tramway, years, to a high standard with attractive block paving, but much with metre-gauge work remains to be done. Tatra KT4SU 1017 There have been no acquisitions of new rolling stock since 1988 of 1981 slowly and the latest arrivals have been 22 Tatra KT4D cars released by proceeding along Gera and Erfurt in equal measure, which complement similar granite-sett paved KT4SU cars; a few Tatra T4SU bogie cars remain in use. The main beneficiary of Euro 2012-related transport funding has been the vul. I. Franka amidst trolleybus system, which comprises ten routes worked in three Above: The junction arrangements necessary for typical architecture separate groups connected by city centre non-service wiring; systems with gutter-running track are illustrated by of the city, on low-floor LAZ and Bogdan two-axle trolleybuses have arrived to this view of Lviv Tatra T4SU, one of a small number 24 April 2011. replace older rolling stock. remaining in service, at vul. S Bandery on 1 May 2011.

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135-139_TAUT1204_Ukraine new.ind4 4 28/2/12 09:34:17 Vinnytsia Zhytomyr Also in western Ukraine, we find two 2018. Arrival of these well-appointed further metre-gauge tramways. cars means that Vinnytsia has been Undoubtedly the most impressive able to withdraw most of its Soviet- of these three is Vinnytsia, which has era Tatra stock and the number of adopted a policy of fleet replacement cars is now such that even the surplus through entering into a long- Zürich bogie sets have been taken out term partnership with the Zürich of service, leaving only the Mirage undertaking supported by the Swiss articulated cars on the streets. government. A large fleet of surplus From 16 February, however, it cars has arrived from Zürich, namely was planned to introduce a greatly 13 bogie motor and trailer car sets improved level and quality of service (Karpfen), and 74 Mirage articulated on the five-route tramway, likely to cars, the last 12 in December 2011. result in reinstatement of the Zürich A recipient of five withdrawn articulatedKT4SU cars There are also 15 trailers, including bogie sets and even some of the stored from Vinnytsia is the third metre-gauge tramway, three Blind-cow cars, all of which are Tatra KT4SU cars. at Zhytomyr. This is a very old system, opened in currently stored. All cars must retain There is a long-term plan to create 1899, which at one point extended to a network of Zürich livery (though not external an extension to connect the two western five routes but has now declined to one trunk line (5, fleet numbers) and maintenance is terminal points at Barske Shose and Maidan Peremohy to Lionokombinat) (Flax Plant), for carried out on a contract basis until Vyshenka, forming a circular route. which a maximum car requirement of 14 is needed. Until the arrival of the Vinnytsia cars, service was provided by a mix of KT4 articulated and T4 bogie cars; only four of the latter remain available for traffic. Top: A glimpse into the depot of the one-route Zhytomyr tramway on 26 April 2007, with KT4SU cars 23 and 26 outside the workshops and the two-axle ‘retro car’, constructed on a Gotha two-axle truck, nearest the camera.

Konotop Before leaving the north of the country, we should mention Konotop, an isolated outpost about 140km (87 miles) north-east of Kyiv and a main railway junction on the line to Moscow. Konotop is one of those delightful semi-rural urban tramways; with three routes, much of them laid as single-track and loops, and double-track retained just for the Smartly turned-out KT4SU articulated car 199 of the Vinnytsia fleet passes a typical piece of main line section, this is a remarkable small-town operation. Soviet-era statuary on 14 April 2010. The whole fleet was repainted in a striking two-tone blue and white livery around 2000 and, with one exception, consists of KTM-5 cars, of which there are 15, the oldest Lviv dating from 1975. Ten cars are required for daily service. Konotop sprang a surprise in 2007 when it took delivery of one of the Dnipropetrovsk-built K-1 bogie cars, but so far this has remained unique. As with several Ukrainian tramways, Konotop survives because much of its track is laid in ‘tram streets’, impassable to road vehicles for much of the year, thereby providing services impracticable for motorbuses. These layouts, so characteristic of many former Soviet tramways, may well yet prove to be the salvation of many small tramways. TAUT

An unusual scene in vul. Furmanova at the main tramway junction in Konotop, with car 70 working a service journey on line 2 and car 95 behind preparing to take the non-service curve to enter service on line 1 on 23 July 2011. l The concluding part of Mike Russell’s comprehensive survey of the current Ukrainian tram landscape will appear next issue.

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135-139_TAUT1204_Ukraine new.ind5 5 28/2/12 12:46:52 US streetcar trends The new environment for streetcars Bill Kleppinger, Project Manager for Kinkisharyo International, examines the current US LRT climate – and looks to the mode’s technological future. n late 2012, workers in Charlotte, North Carolina, will begin laying the first stretch of what will become a 16km (ten-mile) streetcar (tram) track running from IEastland Mall, through the uptown area, and culminating at Rosa Parks Place in west Charlotte. Slightly further south – in Atlanta, – construction is scheduled to begin on a new streetcar system in early 2012, with passenger service ready to begin by mid-2013. Streetcar projects are moving forward in Cincinnati, New Orleans, Dallas, Tucson and Tempe, Arizona and Seattle, and are being actively discussed in Kansas City, Oklahoma City, Los Angeles, Salt Lake City, Sacramento and Milwaukee. In fact, according to the latest statistics from Above: Two staggering 828 applications from all 50 states, Washington, the American Public Transportation Association (APTA), generations of DC and the US territories. more than 80 cities in the and Canada are LRV in Dallas. Alongside TIGER, the Obama administration has exploring streetcars as a significant component of their Kinkisharyo’s latest provided USD293m specifically for urban streetcar and bus broader light rail system improvements. ameriTRAM (left) projects under the Urban Circulator grant programme. In What accounts for this burgeoning interest in alongside current July 2010, the USDOT awarded Urban Circulator grants for streetcars and, more generally, a renaissance in light rail Dallas DART car streetcar projects in Charlotte, Cincinnati, Fort Worth and transportation? Many communities point to a renewed 223 during the new St. Louis, among other cities. federal commitment to transit investment – an important vehicle design’s In February, US Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood component of the 2009 American Recovery and Investment attended the ground-breaking of the modern streetcar line Act (ARRA), otherwise known as the ‘Stimulus Act.’ operational trials in Cincinnati. This project has received USD39.9m in Through this new availability of federal funds, many in late 2011. federal funding, including USD10.9m under the TIGER III cities began to consider streetcars as a viable option, Kinkisharyo programme. particularly as a way to revitalise neighbourhoods and International In addition to the Urban Circulator grants, the USDOT attract visitors to downtown business and historic centres. has continued transit funding through the New Starts and Small Starts programmes, which began in 2008 and provides 2010: TIGER I and II investment federal support for major capital construction projects. Under The first wave of increased federal funding came in this scheme, in 2011 the USDOT awarded USD1.58bn in February 2010, when the Obama administration announced funding for 27 major projects. These included the Eagle the Transportation Investment Generating Economic project in Denver, which will add more than Recovery (TIGER) program as part of ARRA. The 48km (30 miles) to the city’s system and connect downtown aim of the grant programme was to spur transportation Denver with Denver International Airport, and the Central infrastructure projects (road, rail, transit and ), with the Corridor project in Minnesota, which will connect the twin goals of revitalising metropolitan areas, attracting economic cities of Minneapolis and St Paul for the first time. development, expanding housing and transportation choices, The Small Starts programme – which helped fund the lowering energy consumption and reducing emissions. Loop in 2008 – has awarded funds Through the initial round of grants, known as TIGER I, for streetcar and smaller light rail and bus projects under the administration made USD1.5bn available – ultimately USD75m and with total project costs of less than USD250m. funding 51 projects, 62% of which focused on constructing The USDOT is currently refining the New Starts and or upgrading rail systems. For instance, Tucson received Small Starts programmes to speed the application process USD63m to jump-start its Modern Streetcar initiative, a and funding for such projects. 6.4km (four-mile) line connecting the University of So, amid a funding landscape more favourable to Arizona to the 4th Avenue commercial district, downtown light rail, with activity underway at varying stages and the redevelopment area west of downtown. throughout the country, cities are assessing power systems In July 2010, the US Department of Transportation and car designs that are accessible for all passengers, (USDOT) awarded an additional USD600m under a environmentally sustainable and economically viable. second wave of grant funding, TIGER II. Among the For streetcars, in particular, city transportation officials and 70 projects awarded were USD47.6m to Atlanta to transit planners are closely examining the feasibility of low- construct a new streetcar line connecting many of the most floor cars that can run without overhead wires. And in gauging important downtown residential, cultural, educational and potential wireless streetcars, cities are exploring propulsion historic centres and funds to support a USD546m TIFIA alternatives such as ‘hybrid systems’ that run on both on- (Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation board batteries and supercapacitors and existing overhead Act) loan for the Los Angeles County Metropolitan wires and systems that run solely using ground-based power. . This was to build the Crenshaw/ LAX Light Rail Line, a key piece of Mayor Antonio Streetcar design opportunities Villaraigosa’s 30/10 initiative to construct 12 major transit Given the challenges of building a streetcar system that projects in just ten years. meets the objectives of , sustainability and cost-effectiveness, one of the most critical decisions for city 2011: TIGER III and Urban transit agencies is vehicle design. Circulator grants The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that In November 2011, the USDOT made USD527m available public transportation is accessible to all members of society. for a third round of TIGER funding and received a Most cities have embraced modern streetcars built to a

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140-141_TAUT1203_US Streetcars v2 2 28/2/12 10:15:45 low-floor design; the benefits include easier accessibility Streetcars with onboard power carry batteries and/or and mobility for passengers, making it easier for people in supercapacitors that can be recharged at docking stations and others with disabilities to enter, exit and or with overhead catenary lines, generally every 5-8km navigate within the vehicles. This increased mobility has (3-5 miles). As the battery-powered streetcar consumes resulted in shorter dwell times at stations and stops, which less electricity, it significantly reduces overall harmful in turn reduces overall power consumption, decreases greenhouse gas emissions. greenhouse emissions and lowers energy costs. In addition to the environmental benefits, wireless Although all streetcars must be fully accessible by law, streetcars offer cities a transportation option that can save currently only two models offer a 100% low-floor design. millions of dollars in capital investment and operational costs. The first is Kinkisharyo’sameriTRAM , extensively tested Because wireless technology eliminates most overhead wires, and demonstrated in the US during 2011; the second is the line poles, tensioning devices, substations and substation recently-launched Flexity Freedom from Bombardier, a mock- feeds plus utility relocation associated with underground up of which was displayed at the 2011 APTA Expo in New construction, the capital costs for battery-powered systems Orleans. Both designs offer unrestricted passenger access. will be substantially lower than those with overhead lines or ground-supply. In fact, the savings could run to over The shift to catenary-free power USD5m/1.6km (according to a study conducted by the Russo Cities such as Charlotte, Dallas and Tempe, are exploring & Redd Consulting Group LLC released in April 2011). hybrid wireless streetcars, as these systems take less of a Battery-powered systems also offer municipalities the toll on the environment and are more cost-efficient. advantage of reductions in annual operating costs. For Streetcar systems with overhead wires are expensive, instance, with simplifications in operations and maintenance, requiring supporting poles and wires, substations, utility lower costs for materials and supplies and improved power feeds and duct banks, not to mention having operating efficiencies, battery-powered streetcars can yield the higher energy costs associated with electrification. annual operating savings of approximately USD600 000. Overhead lines also require a lot of maintenance, especially Cities can also realise savings in power consumption of with constant exposure to weather. approximately USD150 000/year, based on a fleet of seven They can also pose a number of safety concerns, cars, running 80 000km car miles annually. These savings particularly for repair workers who have to fix downed wires – coupled with the capital construction cost savings – help during or after a heavy rainfall or snowstorm. Overhead offset a substantial amount of the cost of the vehicle fleet. wires can also negatively impact a neighbourhood’s Current battery technology allows a predicted lifespan aesthetics; this point is not lost on city officials seeking to of 10 years, but that will of course be affected by vehicle attract economic development to downtown business areas operation and the charge cycles. As battery technology and expand tourism in urban historic districts. advances, greater capacity and lighter weight items will be Catenary-free systems, on the other hand, have introduced to the market. significant environmental and economic benefits. There are In North America, several wireless streetcars are two types of catenary-free systems – those with a ground- currently being evaluated by city transit agencies. based power source and ‘hybrid’ systems that combine Kinkisharyo’s ameriTRAM, which uses a lithium-ion power from an onboard battery with recharging either from battery as part of its e-Brid technology system, can travel docking stations or overhead wires. up to 8km (five miles) before recharging. This vehicle thus Ground-based power supply systems rely on continuous far has been tested or demonstrated in Charlotte, Dallas, contact with a power source – transformers buried beneath Austin, Kansas City, New Orleans, Tempe and Phoenix. the rails. The streetcar receives electricity when it travels over the transformers. Yet that power can often be at the Future trends mercy of inclement weather, when snow or ice may affect As city officials address the twin challenges of the economic the performance of ground-based transformers. realities of the present day, while planning for the future, they will continue to view streetcars as a critical element of a broader light rail strategy to reshape development, ‘More than 80 US cities Below: Assembled improve previously distressed neighbourhoods and lure guests onboard tourists and businesses to downtown areas. are currently either planning a trial run of the The stories of Portland and Seattle are prime examples ameriTRAM 100% of how streetcars play a pivotal role in urban revitalisation. or implementing streetcar low-floor prototype. For instance, between 1997 and 2008, the Portland Streetcar Kinkisharyo attracted more than USD3.5bn in inward investment within projects – a modern rebirth.’ International three blocks of the line – resulting in over 10 000 housing units and 1.65 million m2 of commercial space. In Seattle, the South Lake Union Streetcar has spurred USD2.4bn in investment within three blocks of the streetcar line and has resulted in 2500 housing units and 12 500 jobs, according to the Seattle Department of Transportation. The recent spate of streetcar applications, coupled with the numerous projects underway or in planning, underscores the vital role they can play in improving local economies. As cities evaluate and build their prospective systems, they will no doubt continue to give strong consideration to wireless streetcars – in particular, the hybrid systems – as these cars become more available on the market. Plus, while current battery technology precludes a completely wireless system beyond 8km (five miles) it is expected that battery storage systems will become smaller and lighter, while at the same time expanding capacity, therefore extending their range. The landscape for streetcars is currently very fertile. With more than 80 cities in some stage of planning or implementation, it appears that these once ubiquitous urban vehicles have achieved a modern rebirth. With their economic and environmental attributes so apparent, it is even more likely that interest in and demand for these systems should continue to flourish.TAUT

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140-141_TAUT1203_US Streetcars v3 3 28/2/12 10:12:36 Hybrid trams

Hybrid trams are still in their infancy in relative terms (experimental vehicles are running in limited passenger Hybrid trams and service around the world) with the maximum speed, acceleration and power developed by the traction motors being much less than the corresponding parameters of TES trams. Parry PPM60 (UK) future traction drives [2] The difference between the PPM60 and most modern tramcars is the lack of an electric traction drive. Power is With the emergence of new technologies and from a propane LPG engine that drives the wheels through more attractive electric road vehicles, Dr Alex a hydrostatic transmission. It features a one-metre diameter flywheel that weighs 500kg, has a maximum speed of Luvishis states the case for hybrid trams. 2500rpm and is used for energy storage. A DC electric motor speeds up the flywheel at stops; n the US alone there are currently more than two its power output is 20kW. The tram’s braking energy also million hybrid cars and thousands of hybrid . The speeds up the flywheel, this energy is returned during the widespread introduction of advanced energy storage tram’s acceleration. systemsI and fuel cells is expected in the future to further The PPM60 has been in daily service on the UK’s proliferate their usage – however, the situation with trams is Stourbridge Town line since 2009, carrying its millionth very different. passenger in late 2011 and delivering 99% reliability. In recent years, all the major manufacturers have introduced trams that feature onboard energy storage – this River Street Streetcar (US) energy is fed from an overhead wire, but allows short runs In February 2009, the city of Savannah, Georgia (US) running off the wire. introduced an experimental electric-biodiesel tram, based Yet a tram with onboard energy storage is not necessarily on a 1930s Melbourne W5-class vehicle [3]. Two internal a hybrid tram; in 2006, the UN Economic Commission engines use B20 biodiesel (20% biodiesel and 80% for Europe published the following definition of hybrid conventional diesel fuel), produced locally from recycled powertrain units [1]: A traction unit with at least two cooking oil from local restaurants, animal fat and vegetable converters and two different systems of energy storage oils (palm, coconut and jatropha oils). The drives in each of onboard to implement traction. the two tram bogies are identical. Below is a description of A tram with energy storage onboard, fed from an overhead the drive of one of the bogies. wire, does not meet this definition as it has only one The shaft of an internal combustion engine is coupled converter and one system of energy storage. Let’s call such with a shaft generator. The voltage output from the generator trams Trolley/Energy Storage (or TES) trams. A series of enters the DC link and goes to an inverter that converts it to trams including the Alstom Citadis, and a three-phase voltage. The output from the inverter regulates Flexity 2, CAF Urbos 3 and Siemens Combino can also serve the two asynchronous traction motors on one bogie. as examples of TES trams. The energy storage system is based on ultracapacitors. The voltage from the output of the energy storage is the input of a bi-directional chopper that operates as a step-up and boosts the chopper in the traction mode and as a step-down back chopper in the braking mode. The output of this chopper is connected with a DC link. The energy storage system is designed and manufactured by Electric Motor & Supply in Altoona, Pennsylvania. Left: The UK’s FEVE hydrogen fuel cell tram () Parry People The prototype H2-3400 hydrogen fuel cell tram has been Mover PPM60, tested on the metre-gauge (1000mm) railway of FEVE and has been in should carry passengers in early 2012 [4]. The Vicinal Type S daily service at tram bought in the 1970s for operations in Valencia was Stourbridge since selected for the prototype, although little remains of the 2009. original traction system. Neil Pulling The fuel cells run on hydrogen, stored in two 50-litre Characteristics of modern hybrid trams Series PPM60 River Street Streetcar FEVE H2-3400 Energy storage Flywheel Ultracapacitors Battery, ultracapacitors Traction motor output (kW) n/a 30 25 Total power output (kW) n/a 120 100 Tare weight (tons) 10.5 17.7 23 Engine Two-litre LPG engine 75hp (56kW) ICE with B20 biodiesel Fuel cell HyPMHD12 Maximum speed (km/h) 65 40 30 Axle arrangement B+B Bo+Bo Bo+Bo Length (m) 9.6 14.17 14.3 Capacity (seating/standing) 60 50/50 40

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142-143-152_Hybrid trams v2.indd1 1 28/2/12 12:51:27 tanks to the rear of the tram; twin PEM 24kW fuel cells FEVE’s hydrogen fuel cell have been selected for the first pilot phase as they are tram should carry its first deemed to be closest to mass commercial production. passengers in 2012. FEVE The power is substantially less than the fuel cells used in modern buses (the power of the fuel cell in the Mercedes- Benz Citaro bus, for example, is 150kW). This is a major cause of the tram’s low maximum speed (25-30km/h) and slow acceleration (1m/s2). The energy storage system was a construction of lithium-ion batteries and three Maxwell ultracapacitors. The choppers and inverters are produced by Fuji Electric. Presentation of the new tram took place in October 2011 (see TAUT 888) and it is hoped the first services on the short Llovio – Ribadesella route in Northern Spain will begin this year. There is a possibility of developing and manufacturing more powerful equipment which will be created as a prototype tram with a hybrid fuel cell, without the inferior basic parameters found in the best modern TES streetcars. Trams with micro-turbines? Another possible option is a hybrid tram using micro- turbines, a high-speed generator and energy storage. A similar system is already in operation in a hybrid-electric bus in the US city of Baltimore [5]. Dr Alex Luvishis the microturbine hybrid tram is about 60 times greener than Based on the impressive results of such hybrid buses, I received his M.S. the tram fed from the hydro-electric power station. have approximated some calculations for operation on the degree in Electrical Another advantage of the hybrid tram over the TES tram Yellow line of Portland’s MAX light rail system. With a Engineering from is that it is autonomous from the overhead wire, removing line length of 12.6km (7.8 miles), this calculation shows the Moscow Power the need for substations and underground insulation – and that trams with Capstone C65 microturbines and lithium-ion Engineering Institute the associated cost of this additional infrastructure. batteries can work an entire shift without refuelling. in 1962, and a Previously, trams and trolleybuses were the only types PhD in Electrical In the calculation it was assumed the turbine operates Engineering from of urban electric transport. Traction units themselves were using compressed natural gas, stored onboard the tram in the Moscow clean systems that included power systems and propulsion ten 123-litre bottles – in modern vehicle design these can Institute of Railroad units and were far greener than traditional internal- be incorporated either inside the tram or on the roof for the Transport Engineers combustion engined transport. In the future this situation best weight distribution. in 1981. will change with the further adoption of electric vehicles. The energy from the battery is 60kWh and the average Dr Luvishis is an The most likely two future scenarios will be as follows: specific energy consumption of the tram in the calculation expert in electric • Thanks to the development of new technologies, all made was 2kWh/km. This value takes into account the return transport and power stations will be more environmentally-friendly. energy during regenerative braking. An end-to-end journey designed the control Nanotechnology will enable the development of energy of 12.6km (7.8 miles) at an average speed of 55km/h systems for the first storage devices that allow urban electric transport to work (34.1mph) can be completed in 22.2 minutes and the total asynchronous traction during the working day after shorter charging periods and mileage of the tram for a day is 320km (approx. 200 miles). motors to be fitted to electric vehicles of all kinds will feature onboard energy From the calculation we can see the following: electric locomotives, storage. Even today, there is a tram with lithium-ion • During travel in one direction 25.2kWh of energy is EMUs and electric batteries with the ability to operate for a day for 120km used (the majority of the energy is obtained from the vehicles in the former (75 miles) that has been tested in Yekaterinburg, Russia [9]. . microturbine during stops and while coasting, the rest from He has • The entire transport network – electric cars, electric regenerative braking). published more buses and trams will be equipped with fuel cells and • The total energy consumption for 13 trips per shift than 75 articles energy storage. Efficient and cost-effective production from the turbine’s generator is 665kWh. To generate this on the subject technologies will be developed for the production and 3 energy there must be 219m of gas expended, stored in ten in Russian, and distribution of hydrogen as a mass-market fuel. cylinders onboard the tram at a total weight of 1150kg. his book Hybrid The development of hybrid trams, as well as hybrid Rail Vehicles cars and hybrid buses, is the right approach for today’s Studying the figures was published in transitional period – regardless of which scenario is The question of the relative environmental benefits of trams English in 2010. eventually realised. TAUT supplied from the over the environmental benefits of the hybrid tram is not obvious and requires references serious study. Given that the average specific energy consumption 1. Regulation #83 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nation of the tram in the calculation made was 2kWh/km, we (UN/ECE) paragraph 2.21.1 Official Journal of the European Union L375/223 find that if a tram network’s power is generated by a 27.12.2006 hydro-electric power station, the harmful emissions in the 2. www.parrypeoplemovers.com/technology.htm ‘power station-tram’ are 80g/km. If the network’s energy is 3. www.heritagetrolley.com/APTA10_SandHT_DCST_Presentation_Full_Final.pdf generated by a coal-fired thermo-electric power station, the 4. www.vialibre-ffe.com/pdf/Tranvia_hidrogeno_Feve.pdf harmful emissions are 1700g/km [6/7]. In accordance with 5. www.microturbine.com/news/turbineTalkDL.asp?id=5 British data, a similar option for the bus is 135g/km [8]. 6. http://bund-hamburg.bund.net/fileadmin/bundgruppen/bcmslvhamburg/Proj1_ Consequently, if the energy is generated by a hydro-electric Klima_Energie/Energiegewinnung/moorburg-V2.pdf power station, a tram’s emissions in the ‘power station-tram’ 7. http://www.zukunft-mobilitaet.net/7102/analyse/elektroautos-co2-wahrer- per km produce 1.7 times fewer pollutants than the bus. By ausstoss-stromerzeugung/ contrast, if the energy is generated by coal-fired thermo- 8. http://www.google.com/url?q=http://archive.defra.gov.uk/environment/ electric power station, the tram’s emissions in the ‘power business/reporting/pdf/101006-guidelines-ghg-conversion-factors-method-paper. station-tram’ per km are 12.6 times more harmful than the bus. pdf&sa=U&ei=qDY6T8nIAs_e8QPmm7WPCw&ved=0CAgQFjAC&client=inte In the case of the hybrid tram with microturbines, the rnal-uds-cse&usg=AFQjCNEzZCR1YAq8P2WLlqE4yEN9Bq0lPQ harmful emissions will be less than 1.4g/kWh; more than 95 9. mysouth.su/2011/03/quot-a-streetcar-on-batteries-quot-experience-designers- times less than that of a bus and 57 times less than in the case in-yekaterinburg/ of the tram powered by a hydro-electric power station. Thus,

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144_TAUT1204_SuppsServs.indd 1 28/2/12 12:59:20 systems factfile No. 55 Rheinbahn - Düsseldorf, GERMANY One of Europe’s most comprehensive urban transport networks, Düsseldorf Rheinbahn continues building upon a long history of service improvements.

Words by Neil Pulling; pictures by Neil Pulling unless otherwise STATED

ll but one of the ten Düsseldorf city districts spread Above: Main Tram operation began in 1876, expanding to five city around the eastern side of the meandering River , lines within a decade and the network as at 1900 being fully . The capital of Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) Düsseldorf electrified. Mindful of transport’s importance for prosperity, Astate displays many faces: a commercial giant without being Hauptbahnhof from 1907 the city authority started buying Rheinbahn shares heavily industrialised; the favoured European base of many on 10 April 2010. and thereby to influence its direction. From an agreement in international concerns, notably Japanese ones; prosperous Siemens NF8 December 1921, the railway and tramways began conservatism yet with an area famed for rowdy nightlife. 2201 in standard integration and became wholly-owned by the city. Rheinbahn’s name stems from the 22.2km (13.9-mile) Rheinbahn livery; Currently with around 2 700 employees, Rheinbahn AG Düsseldorf-Krefeld railway opened in 1898, claimed to be the operates the area’s main public transport network under a world’s first electric railway. Built for passengers and freight, Düwag GT8 2657 ten-year contract awarded in 2019. For all modes, passenger the line required construction of the original Oberkassel (right) is now in numbers rose by 6% from 2000 to 2010 when around 215 bridge. This stimulated city development and expansion on Poland as million people were carried. It is the largest partner in the the Rhine’s western bank. Oberkassel would become part of Poznan 701. Verkehrsverbund Rhein- (VRR) public transport union, Düsseldorf’s new western district and the conurbation spread which also includes several Düsseldorf suburban stations on to the separate city of Neuss. the DB-operated Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn. ➤

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the fleet Tram: Down to a few 1960s-built Düwag GT8 and B4 trailers in reserve by 2012, the end of high- floor operations was assured by an order for 76 Siemens/Kiepe NF8U produced 2006-2012. NF denoting Niederflur (low-floor) is now fleet-wide; U indicates suitability for underground use. Wehrhahn line specification contributed to the hamster-cheeked NF8U vehicle ends and, unlike other Rheinbahn trams, passenger doors on both sides. Like the NF8U in being peculiar to Düsseldorf, the largest trams are 36 Siemens Combino-based 40m NF10 with space for 234 passengers; they were followed by 15 30m NF8, collectively tagged Silberpfeil (Silver Arrow) which introduced the current tram livery of silver with red detailing. This has spread to the three-section NF6, 48 delivered 1996-99 and widely carrying advertising schemes. Derived from Düwag’s MGT6D for Kassel, they were Rheinbahn’s first low- floor trams (70% of passenger area) and like the NF8U, often run in pairs.

Stadtbahn: Also driven by NF8U deliveries, GT8S withdrawal leaves two-car B80D and three-car GT8SU types. Some have Rheinbahn’s silver livery, but most are in the earlier dark red and white.

Düsseldorf’s name is also represented in Düwag, a Above: Southbound to Krefeld and Neuss, the latter’s tramway incorporated company famed for its durable trams that later concentrated paired NF8U in Rheinbahn by 1971. An early station building survived manufacture in Uerdingen, Krefeld, and was subsequently 3326 and 3327 at the Belsenplatz junction for U75 and U76 and is now taken over by Siemens. There has been consistency of among early trading as Der Alter Bahnhof brewery restaurant. supply to Rheinbahn from these concerns over many years, evening visitors to Access to central Krefeld is over dual-gauge track, with vehicle electrical equipment also produced locally by the Altstadt near necessitated by that city’s four-line SWK tramway being what is now Vossloh Kiepe. Allee metre-gauge. In continuation of a service initiated in 1924, Under the Rheinbahn name are 92 bus lines and two on 11 June 2011. U76 has bistro cars, which are identified on timetables. 1435mm-gauge rail modes, the tramway (11 lines in All vehicles are high-floor for level entry from 701-719 series; uni-directional stock) and Stadtbahn Below: Belsenplatz high platforms; retractable flooring and steps give access (seven lines designated with U and stops signed at low platforms as on the Krefeld line and approaching accordingly; bi-directional stock). Stadtbahn junction Vennhauser Allee in south-east Düsseldorf. As well as Düsseldorf’s city population is 588 000 and reflecting west of the Rhine in U75 entering from the north, Neuss Hbf is also served by its substantial operation beyond city boundaries, Oberkassel: 4250 tramline 709 via the southerly Josef Kardinal Frings Rhine Rheinbahn’s coverage is for over one million residents. heads for Krefeld, bridge on one of the sections outside the main The main heavy rail concentration is Düsseldorf Hbf on with 4264 (right) Düsseldorf city ticketing zone. the city centre’s eastern edge. This austere brick structure having arrived with Minor extensions relative to present system length are is also a Rheinbahn focal point, with a multiple tram and a U75 service from planned, but the tramway will change substantially with bus platforms on the station forecourt and Stadtbahn Neuss Hbf. the 3.4km (2.1-mile) Wehrhahn tunnel (detailed in TAUT platforms below the shopping centre-like station underpass. The Stadtbahn operates within a far higher proportion of dedicated space than the tramway, but both have road crossings, and sections of sleepered track as well as paved surfaces. Although largely a surface operation, the Stadtbahn uses a 6.9km (4.3-mile) tunnel running north-west to south-east below central Düsseldorf; the first section opened in 1981. In places the directions are segregated in two tunnel levels: those new to the system or enlivened by a night in the Altstadt should read the signs carefully. Some routes use the entire tunnel, including U79 which extended south in August 2010 where it shares infrastructure for the approach to Universität Ost / Botanischer Garten with tram line 707. At 41km (25.6 miles), U79 is the longest Stadtbahn route and features pooled use of Duisburg DVG vehicles. A branch off the Duisburg line is the rail service (U78) for a major traffic generator, with the Arena/Messe platforms being at the core of the trade fair and stadium site. Services west of the Rhine are via Oberkassel bridge (a road and rail replacement on the present site since 1976)

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145-148_TAUT1204_SF.indd 2 28/2/12 09:37:44 Above: Rheinbahn’s largest trams are the 36 NF10: 2032 is by the site of the future Wehrhahn line’s southern ramp at Bilk in 2010. Left: Contrasting in style and scale, SWK’s Bombardier Flexity Outlook 602 and Rheinbahn Düwag B80D bistro 874) projected to open in 2015. Construction began in 4102 are at Krefeld- 2008 on the approximately EUR300m project and in March Rheinstrasse 2010 the first tunnel excavation started when a 65m long 1302-tonne Herrenknecht Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) in April 2010. – named Tuborine – started the first 1.3km (0.8-mile) drive north from Bilker Allee/Elisabethstrasse. This tunnel Top right: was completed in January this year, with Tuborine being Herrenknecht TBM removed and dismantled for reassembling for further boring Tuborine seen at work on the project. the exit for the As part of the project five underground stations are also northern ramp being constructed, with full construction being managed by on Am Wehrhahn construction giant Bilfinger Berger. near the site of Several current tramlines will be replaced or amended for the Pempelforter new U71-U73 services giving an approximate 3.5-minute Strasse stop on frequency through the tunnel. Reducing journey times, the new 1 January. infrastructure will expand the role of Heinrich Heine Allee Howard Pulling station. This is already one of the network’s busiest points, serving the Altstadt, the rebuilt old town area and famed Above right: The network facts entertainment district leading up to the Rhine bank. From tramway’s reduced . Tram opened: 1876 (electrification from 1895) surface presence at . Lines: 11 tram; 7 Stadtbahn Jan Wellem Platz . adjoins the Length: Tram 78km (49 miles); Stadtbahn 69km (43 miles) Kö-Bogen . Approximate weekday hours: 04.30-00.30 development site; . Main frequency: Ten minutes NF8U 3317 on 1 . Tramway gauge: 1435 mm January. . Power: 750V overhead supply Howard Pulling . Fleet: approx. 155 tram; 135 Stadtbahn Left: An NF8U . Depots: Three passes workings for . Operator: Rheinbahn the new tunnel’s . Regional tariff union: Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr northern Am Wehrhahn ramp INFORMATION on New Year’s Day . Transport network: www.rheinbahn.com 2012. . Regional transport: www.vrr.de Howard Pulling . Civic information: www.duesseldorf.de . Tourist information: www.duesseldorf-tourismus.de

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Above: Sky Train, the elevated internal transit system at Düsseldorf Airport. Right: The NF8U order is nearing completion. Delivered earlier that month, NF8U 3368 is at Helmholtzstrasse on 30 December 2011. Howard Pulling Below: NF10 2025 at Südpark during the installation of track for U79 access to a university site. Below: The driver’s view at an ESPRIT Below: Level entry from high platforms: Arena/Messe-Nord U78 departure platform. Stadtbahn B80D 4229 at Heinrich Heine Allee.

‘Substantial changes will come in 2015 when the 3.4km Wehrhahn tunnel opens’ Heinrich Heine Allee a long stretch has the present north and Below: Vennhauser Aside from the route concentrations mentioned, the south tram directions separated by a block of buildings. Allee terminus tramway is well dispersed around the city and spreads The Stadtbahn underground platforms are all high in south-eastern into the suburbs in most directions. Düsseldorf Airport, level, but new ones constructed here will be for low-level Düsseldorf is on a Germany’s third-busiest, features the Sky Train, a 2.5km access, as will all on the Wehrhahn line. Jan Wellem Platz section shared by (1.6-mile) suspended automatic peoplemover. A development was for years a tram and bus hub at the northern end of tram and Stadtbahn of Dortmund University’s H-Bahn system, it opened in 2002 the Königsallee shopping area. Having been a Wehrhahn stock. and is maintained by its manufacturer, Siemens. This free project site, it has bequeathed surface space for the service under airport administration connects the main line Kö-Bogen development that will radically change the station (Bahnhof Düsseldorf Flughafen) and car parks with nature of this area. two stops in the terminal building. TAUT

dÜsseldorf: essential FACTS Local travel: Information and maps from Rheinbahn centres opposite Düsseldorf Hbf and at Heinrich Heine Allee. Ticket machines at main stops and aboard vehicles; validation required. The breadth of VRR options brings complexity; specifically for Düsseldorf the Level A day ticket at EUR5.70 is recommended, but check the zone limits. Consider NRW day tickets if combining trips to other nearby systems like Dortmund, Essen, Köln or .

What is there to see? Fine views and river trips from the Rhine promenade south of Oberkasseler bridge; observation deck at Rheinturm (communication tower) near Landtag/Kniebrücke stop. Nearby Medien Hafen – a proposed tramway extension – features extraordinary modern buildings around the former commercial docks. The Altstadt’s longest bar in the world tag partly explains the crowds. Visit contrasting Uerige, Füchschen and Schumacher (near Hbf) brewhouses for some of the best local Alt beers.

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145-148_TAUT1204_SF.indd 4 28/2/12 09:39:00 Worldwide review ALGERIA

ALGIERS. Passenger service on the tramway between Cité des Bananiers and Ruisseau is expected to start in April. A. Senut

ARGENTINA

BUENOS AIRES. Tuesday 17 January saw ground-breaking ceremonies for two extensions of metro line H, north to Plaza Francia and south to Sáenz. Work is expected to be completed in 2015. A. Bailey CORDOBA. New proposals for a metro have been submitted to the federal ministry of transport. Developed by Chinese advisors, the three-line system would total 32.9km (20.4 miles). A. Bailey

AUSTRALIA

BROADREACH – SOUTHPORT. The Public Private Partnership to deliver and operate the Gold Coast light rail project was inaugurated between the GoldLinQ consortium and the Queensland Government The Swiss Zentralbahn metre-gauge Brünig line is being equipped with new rolling stock from Stadler. Stadler on 10 January, under an agreement that will run until 2030. The line should start carrying RIO DE JANEIRO. The World Bank FINLAND passengers in 2014. A. Bailey has agreed a loan of USD230m to enable the MELBOURNE. The public transport network metro fleet to expand with 60 new four-car HELSINKI. All trams of series 71-112 now carried 523.7m passengers in 2011, an increase trains. A. Bailey have low-floor centre sections, and work is of 4.6% over the previous year. Tram trips starting to fit these to older trams 31, 34-9, increased by 5.4% to 185.7m. CANADA 43/5/7-51/3, 60-3/8. Five more unidentified Southbank tram depot is to be upgraded at cars will be dealt with next year, and there is a cost of AUD24.4m (EUR19.6m), including CALGARY. The first ten LRVs, dating an option for five more. The next trams to be workshop expansion, an underfloor wheel from 1981, are to be refurbished at a cost of withdrawn will be ex-Mannheim 151-4. DS lathe and an underground water tank to supply CAD500 000 (EUR379 000) to give another tram-cleaning equipment. This is in readiness five years service; by that time it is hoped that FRANCE for the arrival of 50 new Bombardier trams 50 new cars can be acquired to replace the from late 2013. The AUD25.6m (EUR20.5m) original fleet. E. B. Havens ANGERS. A EUR2m budget has been Swanston St rebuilding project runs from TORONTO. The last train of H4 subway cars approved for studies into a second tramline. February to August; it will provide accessible was withdrawn after service on 26 January. TTC A. Senut tram stops. H. Waldron, J. Chuang BESANÇON. Civil engineering work for the SYDNEY. The PPP concession awarded to CHINA new tramway started on 1 March, with the Reliance rail to secure the delivery of new western 7km (4.3 miles) being built under a suburban trains has collapsed, leaving NSW HONG KONG. MTR put its first C Stock EUR43m contract awarded to Alstom/Colas taxpayers with a AUD175m (EUR140m) bill trains (ten eight-car units, the first to be built Rail. In May work on the eastern 7km will start to ensure the remaining 70 trains are delivered. by CNR Changchun) into service on the under a EUR53m contract with a Eurovia-led The debt-financed concession had seen signif- Kwun Tong line on 7 December. The 2.6km consortium. A. Bailey icant delays and teething problems. M. Geier (1.6-mile) extension of the line from Yau Ma DIJON. The first of 33 AlstomCitadis for the Tei to Whampoa is expected to be completed new tramway started trials in February, with in 2015. comm- ercial service planned for September. Thales has been awarded a contract to re- A. Senut GRAZ. A 500m extension of tramline 7 at signal the airport’s automated peoplemover MARSEILLE. After five years of operation St Leonhard to reach the new Zahnklinik at using its SelTrac CBTC system by 2014. A. Bailey the tramway is carrying 60 000 passengers/ the hospital will be built by the end of 2015 at day, 10% of the city’s public transport traffic. a cost of EUR25.8m. EB COLOMBIA Capacity is being increased as the trams are fitted with an additional centre section, but MEDELLIN. A EUR42m contract for 12 the average speed remains at 16km/h due to rubber-tyred trams has been awarded encroachment of traffic into reserved tram BRUXELLES/BRUSSEL. The articulated to the Lohr Group. The 39m cars will be used lanes. A. Senut PCC rebuilt as a restaurant tram, 7765, left on the 5km (3.1-mile) Ayacucho tramway, due MONTPELLIER. Tramlines 3 (Juvignac – the workshops on 17 February and has been to open in 2014. S. Smiler Lattes/Pérols) and 4 (Saint Denis – Albert 1er) renumbered 7601. It was to start carrying 34 were to be opened on 7 April. urbanrail.net passengers on a gastronomic tour of the city ETHIOPIA PARIS. The first of 25 Alstom Citadis trams from early March. T-2000 for the extension of line T3 was delivered to ADDIS ABABA. Chinese contractor CREC Porte de Pantin depot on 7 February. A. Senut BRAZIL started construction work on the proposed light TOULOUSE. Work on the extension of rail line around Meshualekia and Ayat village tramline 1 into the city restarted on 13 FORTALEZA. The contract to build a light at the end of January, with a 30-month contract February, for completion in spring 2014. The rail line has been awarded to a consortium period to complete work. It is reported that the opening of the 3.5km (2.17-mile) tramway formed by Consbem, Passarelli and Engexata. 17.3km (10.7-mile) line will be worked by 41 branch to the airport has been delayed from A. Bailey cars and cost more than USD400m. E. B. Havens April to September.

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Consultation has started for a 5.2km (3.2-mile) metro extension from Ramonville to Labege in the south-east. If approved the first passengers would be carried in 2019. A. Senut

GERMANY

BERLIN. Bilfinger Berger has been awarded two contracts worth EUR230m for the extension of U-Bahn line U5 linking Alexanderplatz and Hbf, and S-Bahn line S21 from Hbf to the Ring. A. Bailey DÜSSELDORF. A EUR13.7m contract with Siemens will see automatic train control installed on the under-construction Wehrhahn tram subway and the 76 low-floor cars that will operate it. From 21 February route 713 was extended from Kirchfeldstrasse to Christophstrasse between 08.00-20.00 Mondays to Fridays in order to improve access to the university. Read more about the ongoing tramway construction in Systems Factfile on page 145. GÖRLITZ. Talks have been held with the neighbouring Polish town of Zgorzelec about a possible cross-border tramway link. A cost- benefit analysis is in progress and enquiries about EU funding made. DS Mannheim Düwag eight-axle tram 522 is unloaded in Gotha (Germany), where it will run on the Thüringer- GOTHA. 1990 ex-Erfurt KT4D 543, now waldbahn interurban tramway. H. Salzer rebuilt as a double-ended car and renumbered 317, entered passenger service for the first DELHI. Delhi Metro Corporation has initially on the pre-earthquake loop. time in Gotha in February. DS submitted plans for the extension of its Airport The future of the planned extension is still HALLE. Long-term roadworks in Merseburg Express service across the municipal boundary being evaluated on the basis of the city centre caused route 5 to be split from 27 February as 5 to the satellite town of Gurgaon. The state reconstruction. A. Bailey Nord Kröllwitz – Merseburg Stadtstadion, and government has approved plans for a 10.8km 5 Süd Merseburg Zentrum – Bad Dürrenberg, (6.7-mile) monorail line between Shastri Park POLAND with bus replacement between. The work and Laxmi Nagar. A. Bailey could last until 2015. HYDERABAD. The Prime Minister has laid BYDGOSZCZ. A 10km (6.2-mile) light rail HAMBURG. On 15 February museum the foundation stone for the delayed 71.2km line is to be built from Wyscigowa to Fordon, U-Bahn set 11+220 carried councillors from (44.2-mile) metro project, but no prediction of and should be ready in 2014-15. Meanwhile, the Barmbeck to Rathaus to mark the centenary an opening date has been given. A. Bailey 1.7km (1.1-mile) tramway link between Rondo of the Hamburg Hochbahn. The set then ran in Grunwaldzkie and Dworzec Glowny should public service on the Ring. DS be ready to open later this year. L. Pohoryles KARLSRUHE. The opening of the 2.2km LODZ. It is reported that the section of routes (1.3-mile) south-east tramway extension will . Metro line 1 was extended 2/8/13 between Dworzec Zabieniec and be brought forward from December to early from Gheitarieh to on 19 February. Chochola will be closed at the end of March, autumn thanks to the mild winter weather. DS urbanrail.net officially due to the poor state of the track.DS MAINZ. The planning application for the new tramway link from Hbf to Lerchenberg was lodged in late January and it is hoped approval will come before the end of the year. Work MILANO. After last year’s closure of the Desio LISBOA. Tram route 18 was cut back could then start on the 9km (5.6-mile) line interurban tramway, the surviving Limbiate to operate Ajuda to Cais do Sodré from in early 2014 for completion in 2016. DS line was to be closed from 25 February, 3 March. E. Kers MÜNCHEN (). The last two sets apparently due to its poor condition, said to of P-class trams in active service (2028+ require EUR100m in upgrade work. RUSSIA 3004, 2010+3005) were to be withdrawn at E. Fornasiero the end of March. DS NOGINSK. The municipality has acquired NORDHAUSEN. A farewell trip for the last JAPAN the assets and infrastructure of the closed ex-Stuttgart GT4 tram, 80, took place on 28 tramline and is seeking offers to reintroduce January. Afterwards the tram was transferred SAPPORO. When the mayor unveiled the city the service. N. Semyonov to the Parkallee storage siding, joining 79, 81 budget for fiscal year 2013 on 31 January, it SOCHI. The 2.8km (1.7-mile) airport link and 94 awaiting sale or scrapping. DS included plans for a 400m tramway extension opened on 15 February, permitting through PLAUEN. Six KT4D (208/14/20/4/5/31) linking the termini Nishi4-chome and Suskino, service to the city, an important link in the Winter have been modified to operate in back-to- featuring side reservation. Olympics transport network. The service will back formation to provide double-ended Three new low-floor trams will be ordered be provided by EMUs. S. Kirsch capability when turning circles are out of use. from Alna Koki; they are to be a three-section They were used in service for the first time articulated cars with a length around 17m, for SINGAPORE from 24 February on line E7 (Südvorstadt delivery in 2013-14. This will be the first new – Morgenbergstrasse). DS tramway to be built in the city for 16 years. MASS RAPID TRANSIT. The Circle line H. Usui metro branch from Promenade to Marina Bay INDIA opened on 14 January. The Land Transport NEW ZEALAND Authority has awarded a EUR240m contract to CHANDIGARH. Work on a 38km (23.6- Alstom for 34 automated Metropolis trainsets mile) metro will start in February 2013, with . The operator of the in 2015-16. The North East line will get 18 completion expected in 2018. Plans have been heritage tramway has announced that it is hoped six-car trains, and the Circle line 16 three-car prepared by Delhi Metro Corporation. A. Bailey to resume passenger operation in January 2013, trains, in order to boost capacity. RGI

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153-157_TAUT1204_WWR.indd 2 28/2/12 11:46:43 which passed to the Lancastrian Transport Trust collection following its last use on ‘Illuminations Tours’ in 1999. Initial talks have been held with the LTT but the costs of rectifying various electronic and mechanical problems that caused the tram’s withdrawal still need to be assessed. The first six Flexity 2 trams had been delivered by early February – number 003 having been at Bombardier’s Derby works for a few weeks previously. Tram 001 carried its first official passengers when HRH Prince Edward visited the town on 7 February. The shuffling of withdrawn trams continues, with 671 (previously moved to Knowsley for store for Merseytravel) returning to Blackpool to join the LTT fleet. Brush Railcoach 637 and former trailer car 687, which had been used as a source of spare parts, were then sent to Knowsley in exchange. These are being held in anticipation of Merseytravel taking over the Wirral Tramway. So far, five Centenary cars have found new homes. LONDON (DOCKLANDS). The Docklands Light Railway has again tested various service options in preparation for the Olympics and Paralympics this summer. All services were suspended over one weekend in February Miskolc (Hungary) Tatra KT8 tram 215 was used for driver training on the extension of tramline 1. A. Varga to allow testing of the newly-upgraded signalling system. SPAIN cable tramway between Bhf Stettbach and Zoo, A further service expansion took place on designed to carry 1500 passengers/hour, with 30 January when three-car operation was BARCELONA. The city council and Catalan a 400-place park-and-ride at Stettbach. ‘tram’ introduced on the Bank – Woolwich Arsenal government have decided to suspend work route and the peak frequency increased from indefinitely on the central section of metro THAILAND a nine-minute to an eight-minute . (Collblanc – La Sagrada) due to the Similar frequency improvements were made economic crisis, with completed stations BANGKOK. A common ticketing system for in the afternoon peak to the Tower Gateway – mothballed and the Tunnel Boring Machines the BTS and MRT metros is to be introduced Beckton and Stratford International - Woolwich left underground. The EUR54m earmarked by 2015. A. Bailey Arsenal sections. The Bank – Lewisham route for line 9 in the 2012 budget will be used to PHUKET. A meeting arranged for 18-20 had its frequency improved from a train every finish the section between Collblanc and El March is expected to see a budget set for a 4.5 minutes to one every four minutes. Prat/Airport so this can open in 2014. light rail project that would be financed by All morning peak services are now formed of In addition, work on the FGC extensions in Thai and Chinese investors. A. Bailey three cars except Stratford – Canary Wharf and Terrassa and Sabadell has stopped, pending a Stratford International – Woolwich Arsenal. new financial plan; 49% of the work has been TURKEY In addition, a formal order has now been done but only 15% paid for. R. Felski made to allow Docklands Light Railway Ltd ANKARA. The Ministry of Transport has to operate the new system between awarded a joint venture of the Spanish company Greenwich Peninsula and Royal Victoria Dock. Comsa-EMTE and the Turkish company EDINBURGH. The offer by Trampower BASEL. The CHF222m (EUR183.9m) Açilim contracts for 32km (19.8 miles) of to complete the line from the city centre to contract for 60 Bombardier Flexity trams was metro extensions, 16.6km (10.3 miles) from Newhaven within the original GBP776m signed on 31 January. The first two cars should Kizilay to Çayyolu 4 and 15.4km (9.5 miles) project budget has been declined by the City arrive in autumn 2013. Basel is the 19th city to from Batikent to Sinçan. Engineering work of Edinburgh Council. buy the low-floor Flexity. Bombardier should be completed by February 2014. The council has noted that Centro is GENEVE. Plans are being developed for a A 10km (6.2-mile) link from Tandogan to proposing to acquire a new fleet of CAF trams tramway extension from Palettes to Saint- Keçiören via Ulus is proposed. Bids have for the West Midlands, while there is a surplus Julien-en-Genevois, with a target date for been invited for 342 new metro cars. A. Bailey in Edinburgh, but it has been pointed out passenger service of 2018. ‘tram’ that the specification of the LUGANO. Work on the new CHF271m UKRAINE would not be appropriate for operation in the (EUR224m) tramway between the city centre West Midlands. and Suglio via Stazione and Molinazzo, VINNITSA. The last batch of 12 Mirage trams GLASGOW. The 38 Subway cars are to be including a 2.2km (1.3-mile) subway between received from Zürich have been numbered repainted in a new orange, white and grey the city and Molinazzo, will start in 2016. 333-344. ‘tram’ livery that will replace the standard Strathclyde Passenger service is planned for 2023. ‘tram’ Partnership for Transport carmine and cream. LUZERN – INTERLAKEN (ZB). On 15 The orange theme will be carried though to February Stadler delivered the first of ten new Subway tickets and ticket wallets and signs. EMUs of the ADLER (Alpiner, Dynamischer, BLACKPOOL. A ‘heritage’ service operating SPT is currently spending GBP300m in Leiser, Eleganter Reisezug/FINK Flinke, every 30 minutes (15 minutes at the height of progressive upgrading of the Subway with Innovativer, Niederflur-komposition) type, the tourist season) is planned for 2012. This the ultimate intention of providing a fleet of six three-car and four seven-car, to replace the is likely to be premium with a ‘heritage’ driverless trains in 2017-8 and refurbishing all existing Brünig fleet by the end of 2013. ZB day ticket that would also give access to the 15 stations. SCHAFFHAUSEN. Thursday 26 January normal tram and bus services. MANCHESTER. The GBP9m refurbishment saw the start of work ceremony for the Blackpool’s council is hoping an additional of some T68 trams is on hold over concerns CHF75m (EUR62.1m) S-Bahn project, due illuminated vehicle can be made available about the vehicles’ reliability. Plans had for completion in December 2015. A. Bailey this year, the centenary of the famous ‘lights’ already been announced to order 12 additional ZÜRICH. VBZ has announced plans for a show. Under consideration is the Rocket tram, new trams to replace the worst vehicles and it

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Tyne & Wear closures continue Modernisation of the UK’s Tyne & Wear Metro has continued with line closures over most weekends since the start of 2012. A 23-day closure is still to come, but is not expected until after the Olympic and Paralympic Games have taken place this summer. Passenger Transport Executive Nexus is also trialling mid-week evening closures. Refurbishment work has already seen North Shields, Howdon and Meadow Well stations rebuilt, and ‘refreshed’ trains launched. The introduction of new ticket machines and barrier controls at major stations started in February.

Kuwait seeks expressions of interest for construction of 50km metro Expressions of interest in a PPP contract to supply rolling stock and systems for the Kuwait Metropolitan Rapid Transit project are to be invited imminently, the government’s Partnerships Technical Bureau announced on February 19. Newly-refurbished Tyne & Wear Metro (UK) cars 4041+ 4072 at Regent Centre metro station on test working The contract will cover the planned five to Airport on 16 January. Kyle Allsopp phases of the metro project, separate contracts are to be let for civil works “The UK Transport Minister, Norman Baker, is being worked by Budd RDC railcars pending and the operation of Phase 1, including has made it clear that this is an important the arrival of the Swiss cars. J. W. Vigrass approximately 50km (31 miles) of metro with project, as it delivers many environmental and FORT LAUDERDALE, FL. The city plans 28 stations, around a third of which will be congestion benefits at virtually no cost to local to move ahead with a city centre tramway underground. authorities.” circulator and is awaiting news of its bid PTB also plans to award a contract for USD70M in federal funding towards the for system integration, and will appoint USA USD140m cost. The 4.3km (2.6-mile) line four infrastructure PPP companies for the would link Florida Atlantic University, city subsequent phases which will expand the ATLANTA, GA. US Transportation Secretary hall and the medical centre, and could be network to 160km (100 miles) and 69 Ray LaHood visited the city on 1 February operating by September 2015. E. B. Havens stations, 11 of which will be underground. to mark the start of construction for the GLASSBORO CAMDEN, NJ. The Delaware USD94.4m, 4.3km (2.6-mile), city centre Rover Port Authority and Transit tramway circulator from Centennial Park to the have approved a USD8.2m environmental was intended that the remaining 14 of the first King Center. USD47.6m came from the FTA. impact study for the proposed diesel light batch would receive a further major overhaul Completion is expected in 2013. E.B. Havens rail line. The total cost of the project is about at two-thirds of their predicted life of 30 years. AUSTIN, TX. The city council and USD1.6bn, funding has yet to be identified. However, trams in the first batch are only Capital Metro are close to agreement on the E. B. Havens averaging 5000 miles between faults, instead introduction of weekend services on the Red HONOLULU, HI. Federal approval for of the more normal 20 000. line diesel light rail service. E. B. Havens the USD5.27bn light metro project came on The replacement programme for the first 12 BOSTON, MA. With an operating deficit 6 February, and construction work was vehicles was not expected to start until 2013, of USD185m predicted for fiscal year 2013, expected to start in March. E. B. Havens but this timescale is also under review with MBTA is considering a range of options KANSAS CITY, KS. The city has awarded the possibility of using more of the M5000 including service cuts and fare increases. A a USD698 000 design contract to HDR trams held at the Trafford depot once the new final Board recommendation was due in March Engineering, for its proposed 3.2km (1.9-mile) signalling control system is operational. with implementation from 1 July. R. Barrows city centre circulator. The city is applying for a PRESTON. Trampower Preston is issuing CHICAGO, IL. The CTA is to spend 50% FTA TIGER funding grant. E. B. Havens shares starting at GBP100 in a bid to pursue USD57.4m on renovating seven stations LOS ANGELES, CA. The its proposals to develop its ‘Guild line’ on the north branch, starting this Construction Authority has agreed to spend tramway to the city. The company hopes to summer. Stations could be closed for up to 40 USD24m on a depot site for the Pasadena raise GBP2.5m that would be used to acquire days while work is carried out. – Azusa extension at Evergreen/Shamrock land needed to create the trackbed, for the CINCINNATI, OH. The USD110m 6km avenues, leaving the 18km (11.2-mile) project restoration of the former railway line section (3.7-mile) city centre tramway is going ahead on target for completion in 2015. E. B. Havens and to acquire technology to allow the trams despite the lack of agreement with the gas and MILWAUKEE, WI. The FTA gave its approval to run under ‘green’ power. The line would electric company Duke Energy on relocation for the city centre tramway project on 25 operate from Fulwood to the city centre, of services. The energy company is demanding January, releasing USD54.9m in funding. Final feeding a park-and-ride site. USD18.7m to move its pipes and wiring, but engineering will start in August and it is hoped The invitation to investors outlines plans the city is willing to pay only USD6.3m. the line will open in late 2014. E. B. Havens for a six-minute service, carrying up to 100 A ground-breaking ceremony was held on NEW ORLEANS, LA. The St Charles passengers along a route with 15 tram stops. No 17 February attended by US Transportation tramline will be closed for 60-90 days in agreement has yet been reached with Network Secretary Ray LaHood; the federal government summer 2013 due to drainage projects in the Rail, owners of much of the right-of-way, but is providing USD39.9m. E. B. Havens city. E. B. Havens the company says this is expected “soon”. DENTON – DALLAS, TX. The Denton OCEANSIDE – ESCONDIDO, CA. Veolia’s All-Parliamentary Light Rail Group County Transportation Authority is seeking contract to operate the diesel light rail Secretary Jim Harkins is quoted in the an Alternative Vehicle Technology waiver service has been extended by two years to 31 prospectus as saying: “The proposed Preston from the Federal Railroad Administration for December 2014. RGI tramway is one of the most innovative projects permission to use its Stadler GTW diesel LRT NORFOLK, VA. After six months of to date. This project will relieve congestion, cars without meeting railroad crashworthiness revenue operation, patronage of The Tide improve air quality, and regenerate along the elements. The authority at present uses light rail line is 60% higher than pre- corridor and the city of Preston itself. temporal separation on its A-Train line, which opening predictions with an average of 4642

156 APRIL 2012 www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org

153-157_TAUT1204_WWR.indd 4 28/2/12 11:47:37 Tramway at Chirk have received approval from Wrexham Borough Council. The project is being promoted by the Glyn Valley Trust. The tramway opened in 1873 with horse- drawn goods vehicles, but was converted to steam in 1888, operating between Chirk and Glyn Ceiriog as a 10km (six-mile) partly roadside tramway. The line last ran passenger services in 1932 and closed in 1935. The plans would see a narrow-gauge line (2ft 6in) constructed on the original roadbed from Chirk station, following the B4500 Chirk to Glyn Ceiriog road, to Pontfaen station where an existing building from the tramway would be utilised. Completion is planned for autumn 2014. The Trust is to construct a new building to provide covered storage of railway rolling stock and allow minor running repairs, as well as reconstructing the original station building on the original site at Chirk. It envisages reconstructing the whole line at some stage, if additional funds can be secured. KENNEBUNKPORT, ME (US). The Seashore Trolley Museum has received a preservation grant award of USD10 000 to The unusually cold weather in late January brought snow to areas of Italy not used to it, including Milano, complete restoration of former Bay State Street where the Limbiate interurban was playing out its last days. T. Oget Railway tram 4175 in time for its centenary in 2014. E. B. Havens weekday passengers. This is expected to reach streetcar depot, near the east end of the new SOUTHAMPTON (UK). The future of 7200 by 2015. E. B. Havens tramway at Kingman Park. The USD13m the proposed GBP8m Aeronautica transport OAKLAND, CA. An 18-month USD300 000 facility needs to be ready in time for the museum – which was to have included two feasibility study for a central area tramway opening of the line in 2014. preserved Southampton trams – is unclear circular has been launched. E. B. Havens The Streetcar Land Use Study released in after a decision to use its planned site for other PHILADELPHIA, PA (SEPTA). Tramway January suggested 12 potential route changes purposes. For the project to survive another service was to return to route 15 in April after on the planned city-wide tramway network, location must be found and the trams will need completion of a USD1.2m upgrade project. including a transition of the H Street line to to be moved once again. The City Council, The Northern Liberties loop will open at the J Street to reach the city centre, and changes which is assisting organisers, believes that same time. Shuttle buses will continue to run to serve planned redevelopment areas such as this would be possible. Site owner Associated to Madison loop for two years. E. B. Havens the southwest waterfront and Fort Lincoln. British Ports has said it remains keen to see a PHOENIX, AR. Work will start this summer E. B. Havens museum established. to extend light rail to Mesa town centre; the line The project had already raised GBP130 000 expected to open in late 2015. E. B. Havens VIETNAM to move exhibits, including the trams and a PORTLAND, OR. The first testing of the lightship, to the previously planned site. Portland Streetcar extension across the river HO CHI MINH CITY (Saigon). The city’s took place on 21-23 February. Management Authority for Urban Railways Contributors TriMet is proposing to tackle its forecast has awarded the design, tender documentation budget deficit by eliminating fare zones in and site supervision services contract for metro Worldwide items should be sent to Michael favour of a flat fare of USD2.50 for a two- line 2 to a consortium of Pöyry, ILF Beratende Taplin at Flat 1, 10 Hope Road, Shanklin, hour ticket, or USD5 for a day pass. Evening Ingenieure, Obermeyer Planen + Beraten and Isle of Wight PO37 6EA, UK – light rail services would be every 20 minutes local partner Tedi South. Fax +44 (0)1983 862810 or e-mail miketap@ instead of the current 15 minutes. TriMet The design and documentation phase is globalnet.co.uk. SAN FRANCISCO, CA (BART). The scheduled to run for 18 months from February, UK and Ireland items are welcomed by shortlist of companies bidding to build 669 with site supervision lasting an additional the Home News Editor, John Symons, at new metro cars is Alstom, Bombardier and five years. The consultancy contract is being 17 Whitmore Avenue, Werrington, Hyundai-Rotem. A decision is due in May, financed by German development bank KfW. Stoke-on-Trent, ST9 0LW, UK. E-mail with delivery starting in 2015. Line 2 from Ben Thanh to Tham Luong will [email protected]. The board has also given preliminary be 11.1km (6.8 miles) long, with 11 stations Topical images are also welcome, approval to a 7.7km (4.8-mile) extension from and a depot at Tham Luong; around 9.3km (5.7 particularly showing new lines, infrastructure Dublin-Pleasanton to Livermore. E. B. Havens miles) will be underground and 1.8km (1.1 under construction or rolling stock SAN FRANCISCO, CA (Muni). Muni miles) elevated. Work began in August 2010 movements. When e-mailing please send low- has announced that it hopes to launch the E with opening scheduled for 2016. A. Bailey resolution JPEGs; we will contact you for Embarcadero heritage tramline this summer, high-resolution print versions. Colour taking advantage of the America’s Cup Museum News slides or prints must be clearly marked and yachting races. Double-ended PCCs restored by accompanied by an SAE or international reply Brookville will be used between Fisherman’s LEIPZIG (DE). The tramway museum coupon for return. Wharf and the Caltrain terminal. Single-ended opening dates in 2012 are 20 May, 17 June, Contributors include Eric Powder. ex-Newark PCC 1074 in Toronto livery has 15 July, 19 August and 16 September, with a Acknowledgements are also due to entered service on line F. E. B. Havens feeder service from Hbf. BS Birmingham Mail, BS Blickpunkt SANTA ROSA – SAN RAFAEL, CA. EAST WINDSOR, CT (US). Thieves have Strassenbahn, Centro, DLR, DS Drehscheibe Opponents of the SMART diesel light rail line raided the Connecticut Trolley Museum, Strassenbahn, Edinburgh Evening News, failed to gather enough signatures to force a stripping preserved cars of copper and brass Fylde Tramway Society, Irish Times, ballot on repealing the sales tax authorised to fittings and causing thousands of dollars worth Manchester Evening News, MTMS, meet construction costs. T. Matoff of damage. H. Voight Nottingham Evening Post, TfGM, TfL, TTC, WASHINGTON, DC. Local residents are GLYN VALLEY (UK). Plans to reinstate RGI Railway Gazette International and The objecting to the planned site of the Benning Rd 1.6km (one mile) of the former Glyn Valley Scotsman.

www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org APRIL 2012 157

153-157_TAUT1204_WWR.indd 5 28/2/12 11:48:00 Budapest: Mixed fleets Budapest: The lessons of mixed tram fleets

Hungary’s capital has run different designs of tram together since the 19th Century. What challenges does that pose and what are the lessons for other operators? László Szedlmajer and Illés Fodor from Budapest operator BKV explain.

unning mixed fleets with different-design vehicles Above (from left): So, as well as having a long history, mixed fleets are goes right back to the beginnings of Budapest’s T5C5 4080 and ex- part of Budapest’s present – and standardising the fleet tramways; at times, multiple designs have been used. Hannover TW6000 is impractical due to economic constraints in Hungary RPost-World War Two, the number of different tram types vehicles 1547 and generally and its capital in particular. BKV’s current aim is was reduced by operator Fővárosi Villamos Vasút (FVV) 1527 are running on to replace the GCSM vehicles with a new type, but operate and its successor Budapesti Közlekedési Vállalat (BKV), Kőrösi Csoma Sándor the Combino, TW6000 and T5C5 trams into the longer term. so that eventually just three types were in operation: the út. Illés Fodor The proposal is for new trams to run over lines 1 classic Budapest Ganz UV, the later GCSM from the same (currently Bécsi út – Lágymányosi híd, pesti hídfő H) and company and the Tatra T5C5. These trams were operated 3 (Mexikói út – Gubacsi út) once those routes have been from a total of ten depots. Some lines were operated by modernised and extended; it’s hoped that work can begin only one type – but many of the Hungarian capital’s tracks in May 2013, but the number of new vehicles procured will were covered by different designs of vehicle. depend on the city’s financial situation (seeTAUT 881). The last UV trams in regular service were withdrawn in Other Hungarian tramways in Debrecen, Miskolc and 2007 when the latest Siemens Combino NF12B low-floor Szeged have been able to procure trams in connection with vehicles arrived. However, in some ways the recent situation network extensions promoted by the European Commission; has become more varied rather than less: some 30 GCSM Budapest plans to buy new trams in the same way. and 80 T5C5 trams were modernised over the last decade, so EU-supported projects must go through a public KCSV7 and T5C5K trams now colour the picture of the fleet. procurement procedure; however only a limited number of Additionally, TW6000 vehicles have been acquired second- trams can be bought using this method. We therefore predict hand from Hannover. BKV now operates nine depots. that future procurement will take the form of more than one

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order and it is quite possible that because of the nature of Arguments for and against mixed fleets Above: In one of the procedures that we will buy more than one type. There is an advantage in running several types, in that we Budapest’s nine Currently, several routes regularly see multiple types are not dependent on one supplier or builder; a flipside of tramway depots. in operation: in the city-centre Orczy square, it is quite that is an increased need for storage for replacement parts. UV units (left) possible to find the following vehicles all following each Having a mixed fleet also brings specific infrastructure were replaced by other: Tatra (line 28), GCSM (line 24), KCSV (line 24), challenges: we have different lengths of stop and different Combino NF12B TW6000 (line 62) and Combino (heading for Hungaria loading gauges and it’s often not easy to maintain such trams. depot from Grand Boulevard). an infrastructure. Budapest’s tram system was built for Illés Fodor trams with narrow bodies. The older types had bodies just network facts 2.1-2.2m wide, UVs and GCSMs have 2.3m-wide bodies, . TW6000s and 2.4m, and T5C5s 2.5m. Opened: 1887 (electric), 1866 (horse) Accommodating wider trams is particularly complicated . Routes: 23 on four sections of the network. The distance between the . Network length: 156.86km (97.47 miles) tracks on Szabadság Bridge and on the ‘viaduct’ on the Pest . Depots: Nine side of the Danube is just 2.7m. Other tight points are in . Approximate weekday hours: 04.00-00.00 (round-the-clock the tunnels under Lánchíd (Chain Bridge). These locations operation on Grand Boulevard) create challenges for the future; BKV plans to order trams . Standard frequency: 2-15 minutes with 2.4m-wide bodies, which means that the infrastructure in these locations will need to be reconstructed. . Gauge: 1435mm There are also differences in the vehicles’ dynamic . Power: 600 V DC parameters: low-floor vehicles have 20-30% faster passenger . Tram fleet:600 (as of January 2012, not including ten flow than high-floor versions (we measured that one TW6100, which are in the process of being acquired); passenger’s or alighting takes on average 1.3 seconds 320 Tatra; 148 Ganz; 92 TW6000; 40 Siemens Combino for high-platform cars and one second for low-floor vehicles). . Transport authority: BKK Budapesti Közlekedési Mixed fleets also require more effort both technically Központ –www.bkk.hu and operationally. For example, drivers must be taught . Operator: BKV Budapesti Közlekedési Vállalat – www.bkv.hu how to handle different tram types, and this demands more . Owner: Budapest Főváros Önkormányzata – www.budapest.hu in terms of human resources. It is not easy to drive a 21st . Century Combino on the Grand Boulevard one day and an Information about trams in English (private site): old-fashioned Ganz tram on route 24 the next. These two www.villamosok.hu contrasting designs have completely different acceleration

150 APRIL 2012 www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org and braking properties, and also different operation of doors fleet FACTS and other equipment. Where possible, we try to arrange shifts so that drivers remain on one type – and also on one GCSM (Ganz articulated trams): common trams at Angyalföld and Baross or two lines – on a monthly basis. Dispatchers, conductors Length: 26.9m Width: 2.3m Capacity: depots, with some also operated from and roster clerks must check daily whether drivers are 32/40 seats (serial 1300/1400), Budafok. Tatras are the most dependable allowed to drive a particular type of vehicle or not. 171/158 standees (five persons/m2) type in the fleet. Some 80 T5C5K trams We also believe in taking a graduated approach: a young were modernised in 2002-03. All are driver is allowed to drive a Combino after two years of These are the most common vehicles working as twin units from Szépilona driving other vehicles without problem or accident. on the Buda side of the city (depots depot, on routes 18, 59, 59A and 61. Budafok, Kelenföld). Some work on route What’s different? 2, 2A, 24 (depot Ferencváros) and on Combino NF12B/1 line 50 (Depot Száva). These trams are Length: 53.99m Width: 2.4m Capacity: Is running with modernised Tatra vehicles the same as well-known from routes 4 and 6 (on the 64 seats, 350 standees (four persons/m2) running with non-modernised ones? This question became Grand Boulevard of Budapest) where relevant when 80 Tatra cars were modernised between 2002 they were in service from 1978-2007 These trams are operated from Hungária and 2004. The modernisation programme’s main aim was as twin units. depot. All are in service on routes 4 and to reduce energy consumption (through changing from 6 (these routes have higher passenger rheostatic technology to state-of-the-art IGBT choppers), KCSV7 (modernised GCSM) numbers than metro line 2 – 350 000 but we also introduced more passenger-friendly door Length: 26.9m Width: 2.3m Capacity: daily!). These are the only lines where operation: each door can now be opened, separately, by 36 seats, 156 standees (five persons/m2) the 54m-long trams can run but there are passengers. plans to use them on route 1 in parallel The work was carried out by the former Ganz Some 30 GCSMs were modernised with triple Tatras after the extension of Transelektro, using IGES 550A DC Choppers from VJSZ in 1996-99. All run from Ferencváros that line in 2013. Ltd, BKVs wholly-owned main overhaul company. depot, on lines 2 and 17, plus 24 and In the first month following the introduction of the 51A at weekends. Trams of line 17 run The vintage fleet modernised Tatras there was mixed operation between these on lines 1 and 1A between route 17 There are four of the classic UV vehicles (with their new, but slower door operation) and and the depot. Technical problems make motorcars and two trailers in the non-modernised versions retaining the old-fashioned doors, the operation of these trams challenging; nostalgic fleet. Some three of the vintage two-axle cars are also operating (faster opening but without the modernised vehicles’ state- usually just 18-19 trams are available for daily traffic. (436, 611, and 1074). Car 2624, of-the-art security features). which returned to Budapest from We expected to encounter significant timetabling T5C5, T5C5K (ČKD Tatra) , is being refurbished. problems due to differing dwell times at stations, but in Length: 15.64m Width: 2.5m Capacity: We have a contract with DKV reality there was no issue; passengers and drivers became 26 seats, 72 standees (five persons/m2) (operator of Debrecen trams) for the familiar with the new situation within days. Routes 18 and long-term rental of FVV 492, which 61 on the Buda side of the city now run successfully with a These trams are used as twin units on was originally 1233 and operated in mixed fleet of modernised and non-modernised Tatras. routes 12, 14 (at weekends), 18, 28, Budapest in the 1970s. It will operate In autumn 2011 we had to operate Ganz articulated 28A, 37, 37A and 61 (on week days), again in Budapest in the coming months. vehicles on the Grand Boulevard, following some and as triple units on routes 1, 1A and For pictures and detailed information on derailments and consequent vehicle shortages. After having 14 (weekdays). These are the most these cars see: www.villamosok.hu driven Combinos the drivers were unhappy with the Right: This map shows Budapest tramway operation ‘We are not dependent in more detail, including route on one tram supplier or designations for the various tram builder; a flipside of that designs. László Szedlmajer is an increased need for storage of parts.’

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older trams: it takes more effort to drive one well, and the Right: Depot acceleration and braking are different. Passengers did not Ferencváros is the appreciate the older trams either; it is harder to board a home of CSMG and high-floor vehicle than a low-floor one. KCSV7 trams, but It is also worth noting that the old Ganz vehicles suffer some TW6000s many more technical problems than Combinos: Ganz are also stored trams have around 250 breakdowns per million kilometres here between peak whereas for Combinos the figure is around 100. hours. Illés Fodor However, the design that differs most significantly from any of the others is the second-hand TW6000, because of its very high floor and relatively slow working doors. Purchasing these vehicles was, however, a cheaper and more cost-effective move than refurbishing old Ganz vehicles (TAUT 881). These vehicles were used with high and low platforms in Hannover but are now only used at low platforms. Opening and closing of the doors takes about 8-10 seconds – in contrast with the 2-5 seconds taken by other trams. This creates problems in Kőbánya on routes 3, 28 and 62 where the Tatras on route 28 can be faster than the TW6000s. Tatra vehicles usually catch green signals at traffic lights Below right: Fleet due to their faster boarding but TW6000s normally do not; variety also extends sometimes, therefore, TW6000s delay Tatras. In principle, to Budapest’s this problem could be solved by re-setting the traffic historic trams. lights’ programme, but unfortunately the track here is in Illés Fodor poor condition: the imposition of ever increasing numbers of speed limits means there is little point in revising the programme. However, route 3 is to be reconstructed in 2014 – so perhaps this problem will be solved after that. The headquarters of TW6000 operation is Száva depot. Although Zugló depot also operates TW6000 trams, it only undertakes small repairs. Zugló has no jacks for 28-metre trams (there are lifting jacks only for shorter ones – UV motorcars, which are operated from Zugló as part of the vintage fleet), soTW6000s must go to Száva for lifting. Száva is home to around 15 GCSM trams – not only is the fleet mixed across the system, but sometimes at the depots as well. Normally 11 TW6000s (on weekdays) and ten GCSM trams run on route 50, but sometimes the number of GCSMs is higher because of the difficulty in Bottom right: acquiring special parts like electronics panels and wheel Tatra tram 4333 rims for the TW6000s. under complete When technical problems do occur on route 50 they refurbishment usually lead to breaks in service because TW6000s and in 2002. GCSMs have different couplings; coupling the two types is László Szedlmajer very complicated and is a job reserved for engineering staff. Where next? Looking ahead, it may be that BKV will purchase low- floor bi-directional trams (32m-36m) and longer versions (52-56m), that we will build high platforms for TW6000- operated routes in order to ease access, and make some technical and comfort-oriented modifications to the Tatras. The number of GCSMs will decrease, but we believe Budapest’s fleet will remain mixed in the next decades: it is our heritage – and we can live with it. TAUT . László Szedlmajer is BKV’s tram division chief engineer; Illés Fodor is head of rail technology in the tram division.

BUDAPEST TRAMWAY BACKGROUND

Budapest’s first electric tramline was opened by Budapesti Villamos Vasút (BVV) in 1887. A new company, BVV operated its lines parallel to the existing horse tramway system run by Budapesti Közúti Vaspálya Társaság (BKVT). This latter company started to electrify its lines soon after the competition appeared – but the two undertakings ordered vehicles from different manufacturers. When Budapest’s tramways were municipalised in 1923 the new local authority-owned company, Budapesti Székesfővárosi Közlekedési Részvénytársaság (BSZKRT), inherited more than 15 different tram types. BSZKRT tried to utilise standard electric equipment when it overhauled vehicles, and it ordered new from Ganz, but these new vehicles formed just a small part of the company’s fleet. After World War Two the new operator, FVV, introduced plans to reduce the number of types. The first modern UV type high-capacity trams were ordered from Ganz in 1956; the last was handed over in 1965. Altogether, Ganz built 375 UV type tram units. Usually two units made a set but later trailers were used between the two trams on the main routes. The introduction of UV trams made the withdrawal of some older types possible. As a second step FVV ordered a new articulated design from Ganz; 152 GCSM trams were delivered to FVV and its successor BKV. The last Ganz articulated tram was handed over in 1978. The final step in withdrawing the old two-axle trams was made possible through the acquisition of ČKDTatra T5C5 trams. Some 322 of the Czechoslovak-built vehicles started duties on Budapest’s streets between 1978 and 1984.

152 APRIL 2012 www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org Letters Letters may be faxed to +44 (0)1832 281145, or sent by e-mail to [email protected]. They should be clearly typed and preferably not Get your views into print handwritten. We reserve the right to shorten them for publication.

Making the move from centralised investment I have recently read letters in TAUT concerning LRT problems, mainly focused around the difficulties in building new lines and why it is so expensive. In TAUT 890 one of your UK-based readers suggested that in other countries – especially developing ones – safety issues might be overlooked. I don’t think that’s the case. Tramways and metros are being built all across Europe, also in other developed countries, and I’m writing from a Polish perspective where every new line or system is built to state regulations, standards and norms. Every public investment is also checked and controlled before opening by state inspectors (fire department, building inspectorate and so on). Of course mixed-traffic operation is preferred (which can obviously be a Investment in new lines and infrastructure is taking place at a fast rate in Poland, with renewed and source of accidents) as it’s cheaper, easier expanded infrastructure and new vehicle orders across the nation. Mike Russell and more user-friendly (no tunnels, But staying with the utilities: the central MPs the city can apply for funds from steps and overground crossings) – but 6km (3.7-mile) section will have seven the central budget – but the government accident statistics don’t show everything stations. The contractor has to rebuild, still doesn’t interfere with the planning and I would agree that it is more about in all, 76.5km (47.5 miles) of electrical process. Otherwise it would take years the attitude of road users. Even the best installations, 3km (1.86 miles) of heating to consider every project with so many safety regulations won’t replace basic care pipes, 5.5km (3.4 miles) of sewers and investments taking place at the same being taken by drivers and pedestrians. 5km (three miles) of gas pipes. time. As you will have read in Mike Concerning the utilities question, I’m I think the UK’s biggest problem is the Russell’s two recent articles about also not sure as to whether the problem centralised structure of authorities. As Poland, a lot of work is taking place. is bigger in the UK than elsewhere. In I understand it, every local transport I was wondering about one more thing other countries the utilities still have investment in the UK needs agreement – the frequent and serious cost overruns to be rebuilt and moved and this is the at state level (correct me, if I’m wrong). of transport projects in the UK. Maybe task and at the expense of the investor In Poland it is up to the local authorities the problem is with the projects being (usually the contractor under signed and their financial abilities to decide under-budgeted in the first instance? If agreements with the utilities before where to construct or close a tramline the general rule is that a local authority starting construction works proper). and how much should be spent. Central has to apply for central funds or state In Poland it is common to find pipes government can’t stand in the way or say approval for even a small investment or wires not marked on official plans, ‘cut the costs!’ – and the state will all the time want or even archeological remains or World Extensions in bigger and better- to spend less and less money – then War Two bombs. From the start of the situated cites are within the reach of the local authorities can prepare too construction of the central section of their own budgets or long-term credit optimistic a project budget to raise its ’s second metro line in September agreements, but the situation is now chances for funding and meet the state’s 2010 until January 2012 the contractor better with the EU structural funds demands. Thus we get a closed circle… found over 400 wartime explosives! available. With the help of effective local Witold Urbanowicz, Warsaw (Poland)

State vs local investment greater dividend, in terms both of the economy True, the Westminster and Whitehall Living in Faversham, Kent, (UK) I’ve no and the environment, if spent on new urban climate seems to be changing, and at least NIMBY [‘Not In My Back Yard’] axe to grind tramways and other light rail lines. This would on paper there is acknowledgement of the about the route of the country’s proposed high- be increased if infrastructure and rolling stock key role the modern tramway can play in speed railway line – though I do sympathise were commissioned from UK manufacturers. economic development and environmental with those concerned about its impact on the I sometimes wonder if Government ministers improvement. However, successive landscape and individual properties. and senior officials have ever travelled in governments’ overbearing promotion of the It’s ironic though, that if the nation had not Continental towns and cities, other than by cult of centralisation have left local authorities abandoned most of the Continental-gauge chauffeur-driven car. They seem unaware not virtually impotent. Once, and not only in Great Central Railway, much of its alignment just of the comfort and convenience of the passenger transport terms, they enjoyed the could probably have been converted for use as tram, but of how unobtrusive it can be in terms freedom to be engines of innovation. Now they a Midlands relief line. of environmental impact. are shackled to Whitehall and hamstrung by it. I do so agree with what you have to say Few, if any of them, are old enough to Your comment that the funds allocated to about HS2 (Editor’s comment, TAUT 891). remember the UK’s first-generation systems, HS2 could provide for tramways in 35 UK The vast amount of ‘investment’ planned for a but one suspects that – from their parents towns and cities is telling. If the Government new railway designed mainly to shave minutes or grandparents – they have inherited a folk is serious in wanting to promote tramway off London-Birmingham timings – which are memory of how primitive some of these were development, then why doesn’t it actively already not exactly slack – could yield a vastly in contrast with modern networks. promote it by offering substantial grants for

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158-159_TAUT1204_Letters.indd 1 28/2/12 09:43:47 (say) three demonstration schemes – one in to switch more freight to rail. Piecemeal I can assure Reg and David that the UK a big city, one in a smaller one, and one in a modernisation of the ‘classic’ WCML, already industry – represented by UKTram – is very town of around 150 000 population? upgraded with cost and time overruns, has much aware of the need to respond to the To save money, the same rolling stock and brought only temporary palliatives. challenge Transport Minister Norman Baker infrastructure could be specified for all three The UK has already delayed too long in has set for us to carefully determine the real projects. After all, Freiburg in south-western modernising its transport infrastructure, and reasons for the higher cost of implementation Germany, with a population of just 225 000, flagship schemes – albeit very costly – can set of tram schemes in this country, and to work has an extensive system which in recent years the tone for more modest local improvements. closely with the DfT to create the conditions in has steadily expanded. I believe the expansion in Manchester, plus the which more cities and towns can reap the huge Is this a scenario which the Light Rail Transit new lines in Nottingham, and positive news benefits of clean fixed-track public transport Association and industry should be promoting? from Sheffield and Edinburgh, will have a capable of reversing the dominance of the Arthur Percival MBE, by e-mail knock-on effect and people are going to want motor car in our urban mobility mix. a start to be made elsewhere. The earlier letters from Dieter Schöpfer The need to modernise transport The present Coalition Government appears and David Walmsley (TAUT 888) hit two of As a life-long tram and LRT enthusiast and to have a positive attitude to public transport the key nails on the head in terms of utility proponent I have a good deal of sympathy with and current efforts to get construction costs of diversion costs and the form of construction our Editor’s views (TAUT 891). HS2 is going light rail down make me more hopeful than at contract (and financing methods) which tend to cost a great deal of money, but unfortunately any time since the sorry saga of LRT for my to be used in the UK. To this we might add if the project had not been given the go-ahead native Merseyside, and other cities. project management capability and a clear there is no likelihood that an equivalent sum, Nigel Eames, Tunbridge Wells (UK) understanding of the consequences of risk or anything like it, would have found its way transfer from the public to the private sector. into tram and light rail schemes. Reassurance for TAUT readers Drawing on the resources of its constituents It is unfortunate that so much was made of In his letter in the January TAUT (889), Reg (the Confederation of Passenger Transport the time-saving aspect of HS2. The fact is that Harman suggests that the UK Department UK, the LRT Forum, the Passenger Transport the overwhelming need for this line was to for Transport’s Green Light for Light Rail Executive Group and Transport for London) ease current and future congestion in the rail report is somewhat partial in its reference to encompassing all the public and private sector corridor from the south-east to the north-west. the Besançon tramway project’s potential for interests in ensuring a better future for trams As fuel prices rise it is getting more and more cost saving, whilst David Cockle (TAUT 890) and light rail, UKTram will take forward the expensive, compared to rail, to drive such urges the UK light rail industry to step forward action necessary to deliver lower-cost schemes distances unless one has a full car. and promote new schemes more vigorously, following the successful Tram Summit on 30 Overcrowding at most times of the day on although I think he was being a little unkind November 2011. the West Coast Main Line (WCML) will be in implying that LRTA members are more Andrew Braddock, Chairman, Light Rail Transit intolerable quite soon and there is the need concerned with heritage presentation. Association and Director General, UKTram Westminster Watch Cleveleys), this time about HS2, Blackley UK Department for Transport’s Green Light Paul Rowen, former MP MP Graham Stringer reminded people why for Light Rail report hangs in the balance. for Rochdale and first Manchester got its tram extensions and Back in February 2011 Merseytravel Chair of the All-Party others like Liverpool failed: “At the moment, Chair Mark Dowd said: “In this economic Parliamentary Light Rail Group Manchester is trebling the size of its tram climate, it is impossible for Merseytravel to network, while Liverpool, Southampton and commit to this kind of project.” However at It is a fact that opposition to light rail Leeds do not have trams. The important point a recent meeting of the authority, councillors schemes disappears once the trams start that I draw from that is not that Manchester’s pulled back from dropping the scheme, running; that’s certainly been the experience case, which for the tram network is good, was instead agreeing to instruct consultants to in Croydon, Manchester and Nottingham. much better than those of other cities, but that look into the costs of the project, which will I was not therefore unduly surprised when the ten districts of Greater Manchester and also include taking over ’s my local paper (the Rochdale Observer) the three political parties were united. To cite heritage tramway in . Councillors carried a story about residents complaining the comments of my right honourable friend claimed they didn’t have enough information about work for the George Howarth, the politics in Merseyside to sanction a bid for the tramway, which extension going on at the bottom of their were dysfunctional when it came to trams.” requires a subsidy of GBP250 000 a year. gardens. Once they have a regular 12-minute At the coming UK Light Rail Conference Wirral is important because (a) it is service to take them to Oldham, Rochdale or in Manchester in May one of the topics I an ultra-light scheme utilising a heritage Manchester opposition will soon melt away. will be discussing is the politics of light rail tramway, (b) because it has the enthusiastic Shortly before this in a Westminster Hall schemes and how to win support for them. support of the developer – Peel Holdings, and debate initiated by tram supporter Paul Meanwhile, back in Merseyside, the Wirral (c) if it does not go ahead where will the next Maynard (MP for Blackpool North and Waters scheme which was showcased in the generation of trams come from?

The full list of the year’s meetings and meeting places can also be MEETINGS & EVENTS found at www.lrta.org

March . Thursday 29. Manchester 19.00. . Wednesday 11. Brighton (Southwick) Dennis Gill: Tram Anthology. 19.40. Mike Skeggs: Cine film show. (TLRS) . Monday 19. Liverpool 19.30. Stanley . Friday 30. Edinburgh 19:30. Richard . Friday 13. Glasgow 19.30. Ron King: Bradford City Council Transport Wiseman: Swiss city trio (then and now). Stevenson: Jim Donald’s Streetcars. (STTS) Committee. (TLRS) . Saturday 31. Beeston 14.00 Alan . Friday 13. Leeds 19.00. Sylvia . Monday 19. Sheffield 19.30. Mel Kirkman: Tramway modelling. (TLRS) Spencer: Hong Kong to Blackpool in Cine. Reuben: Tramways of North America. April . Saturday 14. Birmingham. Cancelled. . Monday 19. Wickham 19.30. Group . Monday 16. Liverpool 19.30. Martin AGM and models competition. (TLRS) . Tuesday 3. Southampton 19.30. Ralph Jenkins: Liverpool photos and slides. (TLRS) . Tuesday 20. London 19.00 Alan Hanley: 1960s Southern steam, and Bob . Monday 16. Sheffield 19.30. Bob Hill: Holmewood: Tramway video evening. Petch: Southampton circa 1980. (LRTA/SEG) . . Wednesday 21. Bristol 19.30. . Thursday 5. Thames Valley 19:30. Ian . Monday 16. Wickham 19.30. Bob Andy Steel: TBA. Gledhill: Volk’s Electric Railway. (TLRS) Howse: Newcastle’s tramways. (TLRS)

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158-159_TAUT1204_Letters.indd 2 28/2/12 09:44:00 Classic Trams: Malmköping Malmköping museum PART ’s enjoys a close relationship with its affiliated THREE operations in Stockholm and is host to a wide collection from present and former Swedish operators. Mike Russell reports in the last part of his Swedish trilogy.

n several respects, the Swedish national tramway 1 museum at Malmköping enjoys similar status to that accorded to Crich in the UK. Established during the same Iperiod, it contains representative cars of most present and former tramway operators in Sweden and affords visitors the opportunity to ride over a similar length of running-line. The cars featured include many withdrawn in the period leading up to September 1967, when the rule-of-the-road change (from driving on the left to driving on the right) enforced the retirement of many veterans, together with younger cars built for left-hand running that could not easily be adapted to the new arrangements. In response to what was coming, the Svenska Spårvägssällskapet (SSS) was formed in 1959 and urgently began a search for premises in which to conserve a selection of representative older rolling stock and ultimately create a working museum. As with so many such projects, there was initial frustration until a suitable site was located at the village of Malmköping, in Södermanland about 115km (71 miles) south-west of Stockholm by road. Malmköping was a station on a former electrified state railway line linking Stalboga At the Malmköping end of the line, the former station 1 Lidingö bogie with Skebokvarn, on which passenger services had been building has been converted into the museum’s booking car 5 of 1914 is one discontinued in 1962 and freight was due to be abandoned office, cafeteria and souvenir shop. Use has been made of of the line’s most in 1967. Negotiations resulted in acquisition of a 2.6km the former railway traction buildings for the maintenance regular performers, (1.6-mile) length of line with the various buildings at and and storage of tramcars, and an additional open-plan and was restored surrounding Malmköping station, including the roundhouse. depot (known as Vagnorama) has been erected to house with the assistance The unified approach to the creation of a national the serviceable exhibits, which visitors are welcome to of the Lidingö local collection drew widespread support and sponsorship from inspect. Remote from the running-line but within the site is authority. It is seen transport undertakings, industry and public bodies. The a separate exhibition hall devoted to a selection of historic waiting for its next first cars arrived late in 1967 and, following the donation of trolleybuses and motorbuses. suitable substation equipment by ASEA, electric operation The operation is run by a separate subsidiary of the SSS, duty at Malmköping began in June 1969. much in the same way as the Stockholm Djurgårdslinjen on 4 August 2011. described in the last issue (TAUT 891). The visitor will Malmköping today immediately be struck by the immaculate rolling stock, the 2 An excellent The running-line now features turning circles at both ends, smart turn-out of the staff and general air of professionalism. collection of though the northern terminus (Hosjö) was originally laid as Helsingborg a stub. After leaving a complex set of tracks in the vicinity A large and diverse collection tramcars is a of Malmköping station, the line is initially double-track More than 50 cars are on site and of these, about 15 are in feature of the but soon converges into single-track with two intermediate serviceable condition and operable on the line; the oldest dates museum. The only loops. After crossing a local road, the first loop, adjacent from 1903, the youngest from 1967. They include cars not post-war example to the museum’s main storage depot for non-operational only from Stockholm plus the other two extant city systems is 43, built by ASEA vehicles, is laid out for right-hand running with a central at Göteborg and Norrköping, but long-departed tramways at to single-ended duckboard island platform. The second, in a woodland Gävle, Helsingborg, Kiruna, Malmö, Sundsvall and Uppsala, layout in 1948, clearing, is set for left-hand running. with trailer cars also from Jönköping and Karlskrona. seen heading Tramcars pass a small group of houses, a caravan park, Great care is taken to present the cars in authentic back towards two lakes and a cutting through a rocky outcrop, plus run condition, such as ensuring that only the appropriate Malmköping through woodland. They eventually emerge and terminate at destination and route numbers are correctly displayed and through the rocky Hosjö, adjacent to the new Malmköping bypass road. accurately set. outcrop that marks 2 3 the central part of the line on 17 September 2006. 3 The oldest electric railway locomotive in Sweden is from the Helsingborg – Råå – Ramlösa railway, and was built by ASEA in 1907.

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160-161_TAUT1204_ Classic.indd 1 28/2/12 09:44:55 Stockholm’s fleet is well represented, with both early 4 An elevated 4 two-axle and later bogie cars. A prized possession is A28 vantage point at bogie car 11, built by ASJ in 1952. This is one of two PCC the Malmköping cars that should have spearheaded a major re-equipment of terminal loop with the capital’s fleet but ended up relegated to sightseeing tours Göteborg 186, a until their premature withdrawal in 1962, by which time the two-axle product of fate of the city tramways was decided. Lidingö, formerly the undertaking’s a separate undertaking but whose lines later became part own workshops of the Greater Stockholm (SL) network, has three cars, in 1930, against the earliest of which, car 5 of 1914, has been restored with significant grant-aid from the Lidingö municipality. the background Both two-axle and bogie cars from Gävle, Malmö and of the Vagnorama Norrköping feature in the collection. Perhaps surprisingly, exhibition hall. the tramway at Helsingborg, closed in 1967, is equally well represented, with an example of cars of each class in their 5 The former railway roundhouse attractive Swedish blue and white livery. All the cars from 5 this fleet are of two-axle construction, including 11, dating serves as the from 1903 – the oldest in the museum fleet – and ranging workshop for through the various small batches up to 43 of 1948, built as the Malmköping a single-ended car. tramway, with The opportunity has been available to forge good heavy restoration relationships with the Swedish transport undertakings taking place and, of course, with the Djurgårdslinjen heritage line in alongside running Stockholm, operated through a further affiliate company repairs. On 4 August of the SSS. For this reason, several cars from Malmköping 2011, the current have paid visits to the Stockholm line. reconstruction project Malmköping’s collection is divided into three categories; was of Norrköping the 14 really historic specimens not replicated elsewhere 15, a two-axle car have understandably paid only brief visits away, either to the dating from 1906. Djurgårdslinjen or other celebratory events. For example, cars such as Stockholm A4 two-axle car 37 and A12 bogie car 335 have been placed on long-term loan to the operating 6 Stockholm 37, an 6 line, whilst Norrköping 51 returned to its home city to A4-class two-axle participate in the 2004 centenary celebrations, thereby car from 1904 and closing a gap in an otherwise continuous representation of rebuilt to single- Norrköping tramcars. The second category includes other ended configuration vehicles representing the evolution of the tramway; the third in 1943, is one of includes duplicate exhibits, works and ancillary cars. the vehicles that has The museum is open 11.00-17.00 on Saturdays and spent time on the 11.00-16.00 on Sundays from mid-May to the end of Djurgårdslinjen. On August, with daily opening (11.00-17.00) in summer school 17 September 2006 holidays. The exact dates for each season are posted on the it was heading to website www.ss.se/malmkoping Malmköping, and Adult admission costs SEK80 (EUR9.10), children’s passing one of the admission is SEK30 (EUR3.40) and a family ticket is line’s intermediate available for SEK190 (EUR21.50); all include unlimited request stops. tram rides. Passengers may alight at any of the several 7 intermediate stops and on busy days, when more than 7 Similar liveries, one car is in operation, continue their journey by a different operators: different vehicle. The round trip takes around 25 minutes, and the timetable Stockholm 143, varies according to demand, the minimum service being an built by Arlöf in hourly departure, rising to every 15 minutes on peak days. 1907, is one of the Malmköping is not convenient to reach by public oldest serviceable transport. From Stockholm, the railway service to cars on the site, Eskilstuna offers limited connections with the bus route and has pulled up to Malmköping (the museum is a few hundred metres’ behind Göteborg walk from the central ), whilst a bus to or from 186, for the next Norrköping, 88km (55 miles) away, operates a few times journey to Hosjö on daily but involves a walk of around 1.5km (0.9 miles) from 4 August 2011. the stop on the edge of town to the museum. From Norrköping, the nearest railway station is Flen, 8 Malmköping’s 8 from where a bus service operating at two-hourly intervals, ‘maid-of-all-work’ but with poor connections, permits onward transport, with a is former Malmö taxi journey as an alternative. works car 1342, One thing, however, is absolutely certain: the SSS rebuilt from membership and museum staff afford visitors a very warm passenger car 103 welcome, especially once they are aware that foreigners of 1908. The vehicle have made the trek to the site using public transport. goes about its Nothing will be too much trouble to let them inspect this daily duties on 17 very fine collection of tramcars from the country’s earlier days of electric traction. TAUT September 2006. . Grateful thanks are due to Thomas Lange, Chairman of Spårvägar AB and Vice-Chairman of the Swedish Tramway Society, for his assistance in the All photographs by preparation of this series of articles. Mike Russell

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160-161_TAUT1204_ Classic.indd 2 28/2/12 09:45:38 NEXT ISSUE Copy deadline: 30 March CLASSIFIED On sale: 20 April To place an advertisement contact Andy Adams URBAN RAIL Telephone: +44 (0)1832 281135 DOWN UNDER Email: [email protected] By Robert Schwandl SPECIAL OFFERS FROM THE LRTA The latest title from Robert Schwandl, who personally A History of the British Steam Tram researched the content in (Gladwyn) (Vols. 2, 3, 4 and 5 together): Australia and New Zealand. Four volumes of the classic Adam Gordon series, Urban Rail Down covering in alphabetical order all the steam tram systems Under covers trams and in detail, for the very special price of £90.00 + postage metropolitan railways, and packing. Subject to availability plus heritage trams and museums; 144 pages with Frankfurt Stadtbahn Album and 300 colour photos and network maps. English/ Hannover Stadtbahn Album German text. Two Robert Schwandl city handbooks together, English/ Price £17.00. Postage/packing extra: UK orders, German text, to usual high standard. Price for the two is add 10%; Overseas/ROI add 20%. £26.00 + postage and packing. While stocks last Postage/packing: UK orders add 10%, Overseas/ROI 20% U-BAHN, S-BAHN & TRAM IN BERLIN INNSBRUCK’S ALPINE TRAMWAYS By Robert Schwandl The latest Schwandl title By Ray Deacon explains the history of the three urban rail systems This new book from Innsbruck serving Berlin, and their enthusiast Ray Deacon features current operations. The all aspects of this fascinating Berlin tram system, system, where city trams link largely (but not entirely) directly with surrounding in the eastern part of the upland villages in particular city, has expanded since Fulpmes and Igls. re-unifi cation and is With details of cars present now ranked among the and past, descriptions of world’s top three. routes, depot information and English/German text, much more, it features 160 A4 128 pages, system maps pages, around 300 photos and seven and around 200 photos. maps, gloss cover. Price £17.50. Postage/packing extra: Price £12.50. Postage/packing extra: UK orders, add UK orders, add 10%; Overseas/ROI add 20%. 10%; Overseas/ROI add 20%.

Order any of these titles securely on-line from www.lrta.org or by post: LRTA PUBLICATIONS 35 High Street, Moulton, Spalding, PE12 6QB (Please note new address) The full range of tram/light rail books and DVDs can be found on our website. Trade terms available on request.

162 APRIL 2012 www.tramnews.net . www.Irta.org

162_TAUT1204_Classified.indd 1 28/2/12 09:48:07 IN YOUR NEXT ISSUE OF

LONDON TRAMLINK SPECIAL FOCUS The UK capital’s light rail system connects communities and other transport modes, playing an essential role in London’s infrastructure. Since full incorporation as part of Transport for London in 2008, this busy system has been renewed and upgraded; Tramways & Urban Transit reports on TfL’s work to remove structural constraints and considers proposed options to extend Tramlink coverage to more districts. SMART TICKETING SOLUTIONS From smartcards to NFC and mobile apps, John Austin looks at developments in ticketing technologies, fare collection and passenger information systems and their relationship to the integration of light rail systems into multi-modal city transport landscapes.

SYSTEMS FACTFILE: VALENCIA Neil Pulling reports from Valencia, the Mediterranean city that introduced modern trams to Spain as part of an integrated tram and metro network. OPERATIONAL SAFETY AND RISK MANAGEMENT Dr Lisa Dorn from Cranfi eld University examines how managing operational safety concerns are paramount to maximising effi iciency, maintaining public trust and establishing a positive safety culture on light rail systems. SUBSCRIBE NOW! BENEFITS: Costs you less Delivered to your door – before it hits the shops Annual system tour LRTA Membership benefi ts, including book and DVD offers

THE INTERNATIONAL LIGHT RAIL MAGAZINETHE INTERNATIONAL LIGHT RAIL MAGAZINE HEADLINES HEADLINES l toronto’s streetcar HEADLINES advocates fight back Personal membership with TAUT subscription: THE INTERNATIONAL LIGHT RAIL MAGAZINE l private partnership l ‘EcoTram’ aims for for new toronto line? l metro 10% energy savings uk’s midland expansion approved l Detroit rethinks l Croydon welcomes UK International city light rail scheme l democrats propose first newVariobahn l Nottingham signs more us light rail l Moscow reveals expansion contract light rail masterplan To December 2012 (8 issues) £30.00 £38.67 To December 2013 (20 issues) £71.25 £91.83 Tramway Review subscription (Four issues) UK £18.00 International £21.00 Personal membership with TAUT and Tramway Review: UK International GREEN ARROW POINTS : To December 2012 (9 TAUT + 4 TR) £44.00 £55.67 euro 2012 kicksTO A MODERN off rolling MISKOLC stock orders who... what... how much? To December 2013 (21 TAUT + 8 TR) £99.25 £125.83 polish tram revivalPoland’s Euro 2012 revival: The South Ukrainian tramways under the microscope Bergen’s Bybanen: 24-page review Lille Systems Factfile: New for 2012: Perfect harmony: Good vibrations: Unique tramway US streetcar trends: Mixed fleets: From Algeria to How Stockholm For online payments visit: www.lrta.info/personal Examining the 75 operations and How technology Lessons from Argentina – pioneering VAL has integrated over a century effects of noise TAUT details the heritage and is helping change and vibration from metro examined 75 America’s attitude of experience 75 year’s openings FEBRUARY modern systems 2012 in Budapest light rail systems 1937–2 MARCHto urban rail APRIL 012 No. 890 w w w . l r t a 2012 2012 Student membership available online only. .£3.80o r g l w w w . n e t . t r a m n e w s No. 891 No. 892 l w w w . t r a m n e w s . n e t £3.80 w w w . l r t a . o r g £3.80 l r t a o r g l w w w . t r a m n e w s . n e t 1937–2012 1937–2012 w w w . . TAUT_March12_Cover.indd 1

31/1/12 16:45:09 28/2/12 09:20:59 TAUT_April12_Cover.indd 1 Commercial members (12 issues) UK International £50.00 £63.00 Tramways & Urban Transit is the world’s leading Invoices available for Commercial membership only. monthly dedicated to light and urban rail developments For online payments visit: www.lrta.info/commercial and provides comprehensive news both from the UK and overseas, incisive technology features and key interviews Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms ...... with leading industry fi gures worldwide. Forename ...... Surname ...... Now in its 75th year, the values and principles of Tramways & Urban Transit haven’t changed since its Address ...... inception in 1938 – it still offers topical news and drives ...... forward reasoned debate on light rail issues...... Postcode ...... Editorial: +44 (0)1832 281131 or [email protected] I enclose a cheque £ ...... payable to ‘LRTA Subscriptions’ Advertising: +44 (0)1832 281133, [email protected] Please complete this form and send it with your payment to: LRTA Membership Secretary (Dept T06), 38 Wolseley Road, www.tramnews.net Sale M33 7AU, UK

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