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“O Povo Garífuna Da América Central: Entre Lutas De Poder, Categorias Identitárias E Territórios”

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“O Povo Garífuna Da América Central: Entre Lutas De Poder, Categorias Identitárias E Territórios” UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ESPÍRITO SANTO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E NATURAIS DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS PPGCS - MESTRADO EM CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS IXCHEL LUNA LARA “O povo Garífuna da América Central: entre lutas de poder, categorias identitárias e territórios” VITÓRIA 2016 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ESPÍRITO SANTO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E NATURAIS DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS PPGCS - MESTRADO EM CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS IXCHEL LUNA LARA “O povo Garífuna da América Central: entre lutas de poder, categorias identitárias e territórios” Texto de Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Sociais, sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Sandro José da Silva. VITÓRIA 2016 PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS (PPGCS) O povo Garífuna da América Central: entre lutas de poder, categorias identitárias e territórios. Ixchel Luna Lara Orientador: Prof. Dr. Sandro José da Silva. Texto de dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Sociais, aprovada pela banca composta pelos seguintes professores. Aprovada 1 de Novembro de 2016 ___________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Sandro José da Silva Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (PGCS/UFES) Orientador __________________________________________________________________ Prof.a Dr.a Patricia Pavesi Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (PGCS/UFES) Membro Interno __________________________________________________________________ Prof.a Dr.a Daniela Zanetti Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação Social- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) Membro Externo VITÓRIA - ES 2016 A minha mãe, minha super-heroína, que sempre me disse que o melhor presente nesta vida é o conhecimento, “vai aprenda e depois comparte, filha”. AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente agradeço ao meu orientador pela atenção, paciência, carinho, apoio e compreensão em todos os momentos nesta trajetória. Obrigada pelas conversas, as orientações e pelos conhecimentos transmitidos nas nossas trocas culturais e linguísticas. Sobretudo agradeço a ele, a Carolina e a Magdalena, por me aceitar como mais um membro da sua família e me fazer sentir em casa novamente. Agradeço também a pela amizade e as lembranças que levarei comigo por sempre. A Profa. Dra. Patricia Pavesi e a Profa. Dra. Cleyde Rodrigues Amorin e Profa. Dra. Daniela Zanetti por seu interesse e contribuições detalhadas à formação desta pesquisa. Aos professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais com quem tive aula, obrigada pela troca de conhecimento dentro e fora das salas. À Organização de Estados Americanos (OEA) e a CAPES por me dar a oportunidade de estudar no Brasil e pela concessão da bolsa para a realização desta pesquisa. A mi familia, a mi madre que siempre tiene palabras apoyo, de amor y de conforto en todo momento. A mis hermanos porque al igual que mi madre, han estado apoyándome en todo momento. Finalmente, a José, mi compañero de vida, por incentivarme a seguir mis sueños. A mis amigos, Los Cheveres, la família escogí, la família que Brasil unio. Aos meus amigos das CSO com os que a pesar da barreira linguística no começo consegui estabelecer e fortalecer uma amizade desenvolvida por nossos encontros fora das aulas comendo pudim, três leites ou sopa azteca, todos vocês guardam um lugar especial no meu coração. E a todos os colegas, professores e amigos que ofereceram sua ajuda e apoio. 7 RESUMO O povo Garífuna da América Central: entre lutas de poder, categorias identitárias e território. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Dissertação de mestrado. 2015. O presente texto de pesquisa intitulado “O povo Garífuna da América Central: entre lutas de poder, categorias identitárias e territórios” visa descrever como o povo Garífuna articula os discursos sobre a luta pelo seu território ancestral observando aí as diferentes mobilizações entre as categorias identitárias. Acontecem através de diferentes processos históricos transformações com suas identificações especialmente nos últimos 30 anos desde a pronunciação da virada multicultural na América Latina. Exploramos aqui as diferentes categorias de representação definindo nosso objeto de estudo que se desdobra em duas organizações representantes dos Garífunas: a OFRANEH e a ODECO. O tema e objeto de estudo foram produzidos em base as leituras de construção e desconstrução de identidade. Tentamos aqui entrelaçar a bibliografia existe sobre os Garífunas como uma etnografia virtual para contextualizar e descrever a uma mobilização dentro das categorias identitárias do povo garinagu na América Central. Os resultados descrevem uma bipolaridade no discurso identitário de representação no grupo a partir do ponto de vista de nosso objeto de estudo. Palavras–chave: Garífuna. Honduras. América Central. Identidade. Território. 8 RESUMEN El pueblo Garífuna de Centroamérica: entre las luchas de poder, categorías identitárias y territorios Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Federal de Espíritu Santo. Tesis de maestría. 2015. Este texto de investigación titulado "El pueblo Garífuna de Centroamérica: entre las luchas de poder, categorías identitárias y territorios " tiene como objetivo describir cómo el pueblo Garífuna articula su discurso sobre la lucha por su territorio ancestral, observando las diferentes movilizaciones entre las diferentes categorías de identidad. El grupo atraviesa por de diferentes procesos históricos de cambios en cuanto a su identificación, especialmente en los últimos 30 años desde la pronunciación de una transformación multicultural en los países de América Latina. Aquí exploramos las diferentes categorías de la representación que definen nuestro objeto de estudio dos organizaciones que representan a los garífunas: a OFRANEH y ODECO. El tema y objeto de estudio se produjeron en base a las lecturas de la construcción y deconstrucción de la identidad. Tratamos aquí de entrelazar la literatura existente con una o etnografía virtual para contextualizar y describir la movilización dentro de las categorías de identidad del pueblo garinagu en Centroamérica. Los resultados describen una bipolaridad en la representación del discurso de la identidad en el grupo desde el punto de vista desde nuestro objeto de estudio. Palabras clave: garífuna. Honduras. América Central. Identidad. Territorio. 9 ABSTRACT The Garífuna people of Central America: between power struggles, identity categories and territories. Graduate Program in Social Sciences. Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo. Master's Thesis. 2015. This research entitled "The Garífuna people of Central America: between power struggles, categories and land" aims to describe how the Garífuna people articulates its discourse on the struggle for their ancestral territory, through observing the different movements between the different categories of identity. The group goes through different historical processes of change in their identification, especially in the last 30 years since the pronunciation of a multicultural transformation in Latin America. Here we explore the different categories of representation defined by our object of study, two organizations representing the Garífuna: OFRANEH and ODECO. We have taken into account our reading of the construction and deconstruction of identity to produce our topic and study object. We try here to intertwine the existent academic and activist literature with a netnography to help us contextualize and describe the mobilization within the categories of identity of the garinagu people in Central America. The results describe a bipolarity in the representation of identity discourse from the point of view of our study object. Keywords: Garifuna. Honduras. Central America. Identity. Territory. 10 LISTA DE SIGLAS AGANIC: Associação Afro-Garífuna Nicaraguense CERD: Comité para la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial CMA: Cumbre Mundial de Afrodescendientes CONADINMCH: Coordinadora Nacional Ancestral de Derechos Indígenas Maya Chorti de Honduras CONIMCH: Consejo Nacional Indígena Maya Chorti COPIN: Consejo Cívico de Organizaciones Populares e Indígenas CONPAH: Confederación de Pueblos Autóctonos de Honduras DDHH: Derechos Humanos DINAFROH: Dirección de Pueblos Indígenas y Afrohondureños EBI: Educação Bilingüe Intercultural FITH: Federación Indígena Tawaka de Honduras FETRIPH: Federación de Indígenas Pech de Honduras FETRIXY: Federación De Tribus Xicaques De Yoro INE: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas INA: Instituto Nacional Agrario MILH: Movimiento Indígena Lenca de Honduras MASTA: Miskitu Aslatakank NABIPLA: Asociación de Trabajadores y Profesionales Nativos de Islas de la Bahía NGC/CNG: National Garífuna Council ODECO: Organización de Desarrollo Étnico Comunitario OEA: Organização dos Estados Americanos OFRANEH: Organização Fraternal Negra Hondurenha OIT: Organização Internacional do Trabalho ONECA: Organização Negra Centro-Americana ONEGUA: Organização Negra Guatemalteca ONILH: Organización Nacional Indígena Lenca de Honduras ONU: Organização das Nações Unidas PCMA: Plataforma Cumbre Mundial de Afrodescendientes PRONEEAAH: Programa Nacional de Educación para la Etnias Autóctonas y Afroantillanas de Honduras SEDINAFROH: Secretaria
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