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Sustainable Development in Northern Ireland

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Sustainable Development in Northern Ireland October 2006 CONTENTS 1 Foreword 2 Introduction 2.1 Tour programme 2.2 Participants 2.3 Itinerary 3 Background to Sustainable Development in Northern Ireland 3.1 Government policy 3.2 Non-government involvement 3.3 Concordia & sustainable development 4 Sustainable Development in Freiburg 4.1 Background to SD policy in Freiburg 4.2 Sustainable Procurement 4.3 Freiburg - Germany’s Solar City 4.4 Mobility and Transport 4.5 Sustainable Suburbs 4.6 Alternative uses of land in the Freiburg region 5 Bringing it all back home 5.1 Observations and recommendations 6 Conclusion 7 Appendices 1 Foreword In November 1944, much of the medieval centre of Freiburg was destroyed in a bombing raid. Yet its magnificent cathedral survived - miraculously unscathed -and many of the buildings in the 'Old Town' have since been rebuilt in their original style to delight today's residents and visitors alike. But Freiburg's historical façade sits alongside some thoroughly 21st century technology in what has become known as Germany's federal capital of sustainable development. The momentum behind much that has been achieved can be traced back to the 1970s when the University community joined forces with local farmers and other citizens’ groups to oppose the nearby construction of a nuclear power station. Since then, the city's achievements have been nothing short of remarkable. It boasts a public transport system which carries some 70 million passengers annually and is used by almost a third of the commuting population every day, while another 30% go to work by bicycle. Commuter car journeys have fallen dramatically since 1976, from 25 000 per day to 6000 with a consequent 50% fall in road accidents. Oh, and a monthly commuter's ticket will cost you a paltry £25. Freiburg is also a 'Solar City', with a municipal energy policy based on conservation, new technologies and renewable energy sources, to meet the ambitious goal of reducing the city's CO2 emissions by 25% of 1992 levels by 2010. The evidence is seen everywhere - solar panels on city centre buildings, factories manufacturing energy technologies, whole suburbs built with energy conservation in mind from the outset. Recycling rates of less than 10% at the beginning of the 1990s are now over 60%. More importantly, the city has encouraged the reduction of waste through voluntary agreements with companies and residents. Freiburg now disposes of less than one fifth of the volume of waste it dealt with in 1988. Yet this is no city of fundamentalist 'greenies'. The shiny German car marques sit in many driveways, McDonald's and Gap are as obvious in the shopping streets and there are even a couple of Irish pubs among the bierkellers. But with a population almost as big as Belfast's, the people of Freiburg make a much smaller footprint on the earth. So we went to take a few German lessons. 2 Introduction 2.1 Tour Programme Concordia organised a study tour to Freiburg in south-east Germany to investigate how this city has used the principles of sustainable development to guide its growth over the last thirty years. The visit offered participants an opportunity to see how the municipality has supported its business community and its citizens to reduce their ecological footprint while maintaining an enviable quality of life. The purpose of the study tour was to demonstrate the application of those aspects of sustainable development that have been implemented successfully in Freiburg. Concordia wanted to promote inspiration and lesson-learning to all four of its social partners – agriculture, NGOs, public sector and trades unions - with the objective that their representatives on the tour would subsequently be active in the promotion of sustainable development within their own sectors in Northern Ireland. In addition, Concordia sought to promote positive links among the delegates from the four sectors. 2.2 Participants Tour Facilitators Jim Kitchen WWF Northern Ireland David Mark Concordia Participants Tom Hegan Director, Northern Bio-energy Hugh McCollum Farmer Roy Campbell Farmer Rose Ferguson Farming Partner Robert Brennan Director, B9 Organic Energy Ltd Bryan Gregory Director, RPS Belfast Seamus og Gallagher Policy Officer, NI Environment Link Ian Cole CEO, Tidy Northern Ireland Ciaran Mullan Area Manager, Sustrans Jonathan Lamberton National Trust Neil Alldred Irish Congress of Trade Unions Eamonn Donnelly Social Economy Solutions John Gilliland UK Sustainable Development Commission John Anderson Council for Nature Conservation & the Countryside Lorraine McCourt Craigavon Borough Council 2.3 Itinerary Monday: Travel to Freiburg Tuesday: Presentations at ICLEI International Training Centre o Freiburg’s environmental policy o Local Agenda 21 in Freiburg o Sustainable Procurement strategies Solar Power visits o The Solar Classroom o Solar Info Center Visit to the carbon-neutral Hotel Victoria Wednesday Visit to Vauban, a sustainable model district o Low-energy housing o Traffic-free suburbs o Solar design: architecture & panel manufacture Visit to ‘Mobility Station’ o Freiburg public transport policy o Cycling in Freiburg Thursday Visit to Rieselfeld o City planning policy o Resource management in construction Rural land use demonstrating on-farm applications o Organic farming o Wind energy o Solar energy o Biogas production o Biomass heating Friday Wrap-up workshop & travel to Northern Ireland 3 Background to Sustainable Development in Northern Ireland 3.1 Government Policy Following a lengthy gestation, Northern Ireland’s first strategy for sustainable development, First Steps towards Sustainability, was published in May 2006. At the same time, the responsibility for putting the strategy into practice was placed with the Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister (OFMDFM). The strategy recognises that every department of government will make some contribution to its successful delivery, but the process will be driven by OFMDFM, putting sustainable development at the heart of policy-making in Northern Ireland. Delivery of the strategy is to be guided by a series of implementation plans, the first version of which was published in November 2006. This initial plan has government departments as its principal focus and each department has been involved in identifying the key activities that will contribute to the achievement of the strategy’s targets. It is intended that future iterations of the implementation plan will seek to augment the delivery of sustainable development by engaging other sectors of civil society First Steps towards Sustainability identifies six themes and 63 key targets: Sustainable Consumption and Production: 7 key targets dealing with resource efficiency, public procurement and minimising the impacts of consumption. Natural Resource Protection and Environmental Enhancement: 14 key targets covering landscape management, biodiversity conservation, air & water quality and the care of the historic environment. Sustainable Communities: 13 key targets embracing economic development, health and well-being and the development of community engagement and citizenship. Climate Change and Energy: 9 key targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, prepare for the impacts of climate change and establish Northern Ireland as a leader in renewable energy technologies. Learning and Communication for Sustainable Development: 10 key targets to promote the skills and knowledge to promote SD and to bring about the behavioural change that will lead to a sustainable society. Governance and Sustainable Development: 10 key targets leading to the mainstreaming of sustainable development across Government and enhancing appropriate mechanisms for accountability. 3.2 Non-government involvement Ours is a bountiful planet but not a limitless one. Research1 has demonstrated that if everyone in the world used up resources at the same rate as we do in Northern Ireland, we would need three planets. We need to move from this ‘three-planet living’ to ‘one-planet living’, the real goal of sustainable development. It is clear that the government must take a lead in ensuring a widespread acceptance of sustainable development across society and to begin by getting ‘its own house in order’. However, the process of sustainable development will involve every part of society – from public agencies to businesses, from the voluntary sector to every household. 1 WWF: Living Planet Report 2006 http://assets.panda.org/downloads/living_planet_report.pdf A range of organisations has already been involved in the preparation of the sustainable development strategy. In 2002, a long-awaited government consultation paper, Promoting Sustainable Living, generated over 80 responses from various quarters. However, because of ‘competing priorities’ in the Department of the Environment, then responsible for sustainable development, little progress was made on the issue until mid-2004, when the department established a small advisory panel of external ‘experts’. This body was expanded into a much larger stakeholder group at the end of 2004 with terms of reference to, inter alia, Provide a forum for the various stakeholders to discuss and inform the iterative process in the development and publication of a sustainable development strategy for NI Outline potential implementation issues arising from the proposed strategy objectives and targets Identify and debate potential sustainable development indicators and their suitability for use in NI Advise on and contribute to raising awareness, informing and educating the public,
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