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Properties and Uses of Some . of Me More Important Woods Grown in Urazi L

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Properties and Uses of Some . of Me More Important Woods Grown in Urazi L PROPERTIES AND USES OF SOME . OF ME MORE IMPORTANT WOODS GROWN IN URAZI L IBy Eugene F. Horn .■ No. R83 Prepared from the Authors Persona l lKnouuIedge and Contributed, to th e United States Forest Service I_N D E X Brazilian goods Alphabetically by Common Name Page Acapu (Andira aubletti Benth, or Vonacapoua americana) 5 Andiroba or Crabwood (Carapa guianensis Aubl . Carapa latifolia Nilid .) 6 Angico (Piptadenia rigida Benth . or Acacia angico Mart .) 6 Arariba amarella (Centrolobium robustum Mart .) 6 Arariba vermelha (Centrolobium tomentosum Benth .) 7 Aroeira vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi .) 7 Aroeira preta (Astronium urundeuva, Engl .) 8 Cabreuva vermelha (Myrocarpus fastigatus, Fr . All .) 9 Cabreuva amarella (Myroxylon tuluiferum, H .B .K.) 10 Imbuia (Nectandra sp .) 1 0 Canella parda (Nectandra amara, Mart) 11. Canella Sassafras (Mespilodaphne sassafras, Meissn . , or Ocotea pretiosa, Neis .) r 1 2 Canella preta (Nectandra moths Meissn .) . 12 Cedro or Spanish Cedar (Cedrela sp .) 13 Cedro amarella (Cedrela brasiliensis Juss .) 13 ' Cedro branco (Cedrela fissilis Veil .) z 13 . Cuamara or Tonka-bean cumary (Dipteryx odorata Willd . , or Coumarouna odorato Aubl .) 14'- Faveiro amarella (Pterodon pubescens Benth .) 14 Genipapo (Genipa americana L . or Gardenia brasiliensis or Genipa brasiliensis) 15" • Goncalo alves (A.stronium froxinifoliumSchott .) 15 Guarabu or Pao roxo (Peltogyne confertiflora Benth .) 1 6 Guarabu preta (Peltogyne guarabu Solid or . Peltogyne macrolobium Fr . All .) 1 6 Guaranta (Esenbeckia ieiocarpa Engel .) 16 . Guatambu amarella (Aspidosperma macrocarpum Mart .) 17 Imbuia (see p . 10 ) Ipe tabaco (Tacoma pendicellata Bur . Sch :) 18 Ipe preta (Tacoma impetiginosa Mart .) 19 Jacaranda oabiuna (Dalbergia nigra Fr . 1X11 .) : 20 Jacaranda rosa (Machaerium incorruptible Fr . All .) 20 Jacaranda violeta (Machaerium violaceum Veg .) 2 0 Jacaranda preto (Machaerium legale Benth :) 2 1 Jacaranda roxo (Machaerium legale Benth .) . 21 Jacaranda to (Machaerium allemanii Benth.) 21 Jateba roxo (Hymenaea stilbocarpa Haynej 22 Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L .) 22 _ equitiba branco (Couratarii legalis Mart .) = 23 Jequitiba vermelha (Couratarii estrellensis Radii) 23 Larangeira do Matto (Esenbeckia febrifuga A . Juss .) 24 Louro amarella (Nectandra nitidula) 24 Louro Pardo {Cordia frondosa) 2 5 Louro faia (Cordia goeldeniana) 25 Report No . R83 - I- (Brazilian Woods Alphabetically by Common Name -.0 continued) Page Massaranduba Vermelha (Mimusops balata, Crueg . or M. globosa Gaertner, or Sapota Talleri, Iique l .) 2 6 Massaranduba Amarella or Massaranduba de Leite (Mimusops elates Fr . All .) 27 Oleo Pardo (Myrocarpus frondosus Fr .All .) 27 Oleo Vermelha (M_ryrocarpus erythoxylum Fr . All .) 27 Pao Brazil or Pernambuco Wood (Caesalpini a ochinata Lam . or C . brasiliensis S.V .) 28 Pao d t Aroo (Tecoma sp .) 29 Pao Ferro (Apuleia ferrea Mart .) 30 Pao Ferro- (Caesalpina ferrea M .) 30 Pao Ferro (Swartzia tomentosa DC . or Robinia Panacoco Aubl .) 31 Pao Rosa or Sebastinao de Arruda (Physocalymma florid= Pohl) 3 1 Pac Setim (Aspidospermum eburneum Fr . A13 .) 32 Pequia Bravo (Caryocar brasilunsis St . Hilo) 32 Pequia Marfim or Pao Marfim (Balfourodendron rieldelunum Engl .) 32 Peroba (Aspidosperma Sp .) 33 Peroba Amarella (Aspidosperma dasycarpon A. DC .) 33 Peroba Parda (Aspidosperma leucomelum War . or - Aspidosperma peroba Fr . All .) 34. Peroba rosa (Aspidosperma polyneuron Mull . Arg .) 34 Pinho do Parana (Araucaria braziliana (A . Rich .) Lam.) 4 35 Sapucaia Vermelha (Lecythis ollari L . or L . grandiflora Aubl .) 37 Sucupira (Bowdichia virgiloides H .B .K .) : 37 Tamboril (Enterolobium timtouva Mart .) 38 Urucurana (Hieronyma alchornioides Fr . All.) : 38 Vinhatico (Enterolobium ellipticum Benth . or Acacia maleolens) 39 . Report No . R83 - I I- Brazilian Woods Alphabetically by Latin Name Page Andira aubletti Benth, or Vonacapoua americana (Acapu) 5 Apuleia ferrea Mart . (Pao Ferro) 3 0 Aspidosperma Sp . (Peroba) 33 Aspidosperma dasycarpon A . DC . (Peroba Amarella) 33 Aspidosperma leucomelum War . or Aspidosperma peroba Fr . A. (Peroba Parda) 34 Aspidosperma macrocarpum Mart . (Guatambuamarelia) 17 Aspidosperma polyneuron Mull . $ Arg . (Feroba-rosa) 34 Aspidospermum eburneum Fr . All . (Pao Seth) 32 Axaucaria braziliana (A . Rich .) Lam. .(Pinho do Parana) 35 Astronium froxinifo.lium Schott . (Gdxicalo•aloes) 15 Astronium urundeuva, Engl . (Aroeira pieta) S` Balfourodendron rieldelunum Engl . '(Pequia . Marfim or Pao Ma.rfim) 32 Bowdichia. virgiloides H.D .K . (Suoupira) 37 Caesol.pinia echin,ata Lams or C . brasiliensis Sig . (pao Brazil or Pernam zcaWood) : 2g Caesalpina ferrea M . (Pao_ rro} . ' 30 Caryocar brasi.lunsis St ., .(Pequza`Bravo } 32 Carapa guianensis Auld . Carapa latif:olia Willd . (Andiroba or Crabwood) ; 6 Cedrela sp . (Cedro or Spanish Cedar) 13 Cedrela brasiliensis Juss . (Cedro amarella) : 13 Cedra fissilis Veil . (Cedro branco) . 13 Centrolobium robustum Mart . .(Arariba amarella) ; 6 Centrolobium tomentosum,Benth ..(Arariba vermelha) : 7 Cordia frondosa (Louro Pardo) . : : 25 Cordia goeldeniana (Louro faia) : : : 25 Couratarii estrellensis Radii (Jequitiba vermelha) 23 Couratarii legalis Mart . (Jequitiba branco) 23 Dalbergia nigra Fr . All : (Jacaranda•cabiuna) 2 0 Dipteryx odorata Willd ., or Coumarouna odorata Aubl . (Cuamara or Tonka-bean cumary) 14 Enterolobium ellipticum Benth . or Acacia maleolens (Vinhatico) 39 Enterolobium timbouva Mart . (Tamboril) 38 Esenbeckia febrifuga A. Juss . (Larangeira do Matto) 24 , Esenbeckia ieiocarpa Engle . (Guaranta) 1 6 Genipa americana L. or Gardenia brasiliensis or - - Genipa brasiliensis (Genipapo) 1 5 Hieronyma alchornioides Fr . All . (Urucurana) ' 38 Hymenaea courbaril. L. (Jatoba) . 22 Hymenaea stilbooarpa Hayne (Jatoba roxo) 22 Lecythis ollari L . or L . grandiflora Aubl . (Sapucaia Vermelha) 37 Machaerium allemanii Benth . (Jacaranda to) 21 Machaerium incorruptible Fr . All . (Jacaranda rosa) 0 20 Machaerium legale Benth . (Jacaranda preto) 2 1 (Jacaranda roxo) 2 1 Machaerium violaceum Vog . (Jacaranda violeta) 2 0 Report No . R83 -11I- (Brazilian Woods Alphabetically by Latin Name -- continued) Page Mespilodaphne sassafras, Meissn ., or Ocotea pretiosa, Neis . (Canella sassafras) 1 2 Mimusops balata, Crueg .•or M. globosa Gaertner, or Sapot a Mulleri, Miquel . (Massaranduba ' Vermelha) 26 Mimusops elata Fr . All . (Massaranduba Amarella o r Massaranduba de Leite) 27 P;iyrocarpus erythoxylum Fr . All . (Oleo Vermelha) : 27 Myroca•pus fastigatus Fr . All ., (Cabreuva Vermelha) 9 , Myrocarpus frordosus Fr . All . (Oleo Pardo) 27 , M,rroxylon tuluiferum - H..B K . (Cabreuva amarella) 10 Nectandra sp . (imbuia) 10 . Nectandra amara Hart . (Canella parda) . .i 11 Nectandra mollis Meissn. (Canella preta) ' 12 Nectandra nitidula (Louro amarella) 24 ., Peltogyne canfertiflora Benth . (Guarabu,or Pao,roxo) : 1 6 Peltogyne guarabu Solid or Peltogyne macrolobium Fr . All . (Guarabu preta) 16 PhysocaIyzmua florid= Phol (Pao Rosa or Sebastinao de Arruda) 31 Piptadenia rigida Benth. or Acacia.angioco Mart . (Angico) 6. 1 1 Pterodon pubescens Benth, (Faveiro amarella) !~1lI . Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi ., (Aroeira vermelha) 7 Swartzia tomentosa DC . or -Robinia panacoco Aubi .(Pao Ferro) 31 . Tacoma sp. (Pao d + Arco) 29 Tecoma impetiginosa Mart . (Ipe preta) m 19. Tecoina pendicellata Bur . Sch. (Ipe tabaco) 1$ , Report No, R8.3 IV- PROPERTIES AND USES OF SOME OF THE MORE IMPORTANT WOODS GROWN IN BRAZI L The Republic of Brazil is unrivaled in the extent of its vast forests and i n the varieties of timber growing in them . The territory of Brazil, embracin g some 5,682,000 square miles, covers a larger area than continental Unite d States exclusive of Alaska . The exact area of the virgin forests is not known, but it has been estimated that they cover over 1,500,000 square miles . No less than 22,000 indigenous species of the plant kingdom have bee n classified in Brazil and the classification is by no means complete . Not all of the Brazilian forest trees have been classified botanically, althoug h over 2,000 arborescent species of the plant kingdom are now recognized . At the ChicagoWorl d t s Fair in 1893, the State of Amazonas alone exhibited 441 different kinds of wood. There are over 300 different kinds of wood in the State of Sao Paulo, while in the State of Parana over 200 different wood s are recognized . With one or two exceptions the timber trees of Brazil belong to the hardwoo d or broadleaf var ieties . One of the exceptions referred to above is the so - called Parana pine (Araucaria brasiliana Lam.) found growing in pure stand s in the southern or temperate portions of the country . The principal pine forests are located in the States of Parana, Santa Catharina, and Rio Grand e do Sul . These pine forests average about 8,000 board feet to the acre, bu t individual stands in moist sheltered valleys will yield as high as 15,000 t o 20,000 feet to the acre . The hardwood forests consist of a number of different kinds of timber growin g together in mixed stands . It is indeed very rare that any hardwood timbe r is found growing in pure or nearly pure stands . The nearest approach to pur e stands of hardwood timber in Brazil are the peroba forests of southern Brazi l and the stands of massaranduba in certain sections of the Amazon valley . In the western part of the State of Sao Paulo peroba timber is found growing i n nearly pure stands over limited areas, while in the Braganca district of th e
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