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47. Hymenaea courbaril L. - loksi var. courbaril 47a. Hymenaea oblongifolia Huber var. davisii (Sandw. Lee & Langenh.) Synonym (47) : Hymenaea davisii Sandw. Family : Leguminosae (Caesalpinioideae) Vernacular names Suriname : Rediloksi / Rode lokus Guyana : Locust / Kawanari / Moire / Stinking toe French Guiana : Courbaril / Loka Bolivia : Algarbobo Brazil : Jatoba / Copal / Copinol / Jutai Colombia : Algarrobo Venezuela : Jatahv / Algarrobo Peru : Azucar-huayo International trade name : Courbaril, Jatoba Occurrence : Suriname, Guianas, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Central America Tree description Bole length : bole 18 - 24 m: tree height 30 - 45 m Diameter : 0.50 – 1.50 m Log shape : straight, cylindrical; tree base swollen or buttressed Wood description Sapwood : distinct, whitish to cream white Heartwood : orange brown with dark veins or light brown to purplish brown Grain : generally straight, sometimes interlocked Texture : fine to moderately coarse Technological characteristics Physical properties (47) H. courbaril Green density (g/cm3): 1.10 Air dry density at 12% MC (g/cm3): 0.87 Total tangential shrinkage (%) : 8.5 Total radial shrinkage (%) : 4.4 Total volumetric shrinkage (%) : 12.6 93 Mechanical properties (47) H. courbaril Bending strength at 12% MC (N/mm2): 173 Modulus of elasticity (MOE) at 12% MC (N/mm2): 19800 Crushing strength at 12% MC (N/mm2): 98 Processing Sawing : difficult, power required; blunting effect: moderate Drying : slow drying recommended; difficult to air-season; US Kiln schedule T3 – C2 for 25-38 mm and T3 – C1 for 50 mm stock Machining : special tools recommended Gluing : good in dry and interior condition Nailing : pre-boring necessary Finishing : good Veneering : slices well; peeling difficult due to hardness Natural durability Decay fungi : moderate to very good Termites : very good Marine borers : moderate Treatability (heartwood) : poor End uses : exterior and interior joinery, marine constructions, high grade furniture and cabinet work, flooring, stairs, decorative veneer and fittings, turnery, arched articles. Log shape Loksi - Hymenaea courbaril L. var. courbaril 94 .

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Hymenaea Courbaril L
Hymenaea courbaril L. Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae West Indian locust LOCAL NAMES Chamorro (kawanari); Creole (gòm anime,koubari,courbaril); Dutch (rode lokus); English (Brazilian cherry,Brazilian copal,cayenne copal,copal,demarara copal,kerosene tree,stinking toe,Latin American locust); French (gomme animée,pois confiture); Portuguese (jatobá); Spanish (algarrobo,curbaril,cuapinol,jataí,guapinol,azucar huayo,algarrobo de la antillas,algarrobo das antilhas,jutaby); Trade name (West Indian locust) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION H. coubaril pod (Anthony Simons) Hymenaea courbaril is a tree usually 30-40 m high, sometimes reaching 50 m in high forest; trunk up to 2 m in diameter, bark usually smooth, greyish, 1-3 cm thick and red internally; in the forest branching 10-20 m above ground level, much lower in exposed sites, crown wide and open or dense; root system fairly superficial with large roots often seen on the surface. Leaves alternate, compound, bifoliate; stipules soon falling; petiole 12-30 mm long; leaflets 2, ovate to lanceolate, curving slightly towards each other, 3-12 x 1.5-7 cm, apex acute to obtuse, base oblique, margins entire, glabrous, shiny and leathery with small glands and prominent veins Seed orchard in Honduras (Anthony Simons) below, petiolules 2-8 mm long. Inflorescence a short, terminal panicle with few branches and flowers; flowers bisexual; pedicles 3-10 mm long. Sepals 4, concave, oblong- obovate, 12-22 mm long, stamens 10, filamentous, anthers 3-8 mm long, ovary 1-locular, ovules 6-18 or more. Fruit an indehiscent oblong pod, 8-15 x 3-5 cm, pericarp dull dark brown, hard, woody, about 5 cm thick; seeds 1-6, light to dark brown, hard, flattened, obovoid to ellipsoid, 1-2 cm long, surrounded by a dry, creamy Flowers of H.
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Bats of the Grenadine Islands, West Indies, and Placement of Koopman's Line
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum Museum, University of Nebraska State 7-2010 Bats of the Grenadine Islands, West Indies, and Placement of Koopman's Line Hugh H. Genoways University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Gary G. Kwiecinski University of Scranton Peter A. Larsen Texas Tech University, [email protected] Scott C. Pedersen South Dakota State University, [email protected] Roxanne J. Larsen Texas Tech University, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Genoways, Hugh H.; Kwiecinski, Gary G.; Larsen, Peter A.; Pedersen, Scott C.; Larsen, Roxanne J.; Hoffman, Justin D.; de Silva, Mark; Phillips, Carleton J.; and Baker, Robert J., "Bats of the Grenadine Islands, West Indies, and Placement of Koopman's Line" (2010). Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum. 129. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy/129 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Hugh H. Genoways, Gary G. Kwiecinski, Peter A. Larsen, Scott C. Pedersen, Roxanne J. Larsen, Justin D. Hoffman, Mark de Silva, Carleton J. Phillips, and Robert J. Baker This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ museummammalogy/129 Chiroptera Neotropical 16(1), July 2010 BATS OF THE GRENADINE ISLANDS, WEST INDIES, AND PLACEMENT OF KOOPMAN’S LINE Hugh H.
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Chapter 3--Physical Properties and Moisture Relations of Wood
Chapter 3 Physical Properties and Moisture Relations of Wood William Simpson and Anton TenWolde he versatility of wood is demonstrated by a wide Contents variety of products. This variety is a result of a Appearance 3–1 spectrum of desirable physical characteristics or properties among the many species of wood. In many cases, Grain and Texture 3–1 more than one property of wood is important to the end Plainsawn and Quartersawn 3–2 product. For example, to select a wood species for a product, the value of appearance-type properties, such as texture, grain Decorative Features 3–2 pattern, or color, may be evaluated against the influence of Moisture Content 3–5 characteristics such as machinability, dimensional stability, Green Wood and Fiber Saturation Point 3–5 or decay resistance. Equilibrium Moisture Content 3–5 Wood exchanges moisture with air; the amount and direction of the exchange (gain or loss) depend on the relative humid- Sorption Hysteresis 3–7 ity and temperature of the air and the current amount of water Shrinkage 3–7 in the wood. This moisture relationship has an important Transverse and Volumetric 3–7 influence on wood properties and performance. This chapter discusses the physical properties of most interest in the Longitudinal 3–8 design of wood products. Moisture–Shrinkage Relationship 3–8 Some physical properties discussed and tabulated are influ- Weight, Density, and Specific Gravity 3–11 enced by species as well as variables like moisture content; Working Qualities 3–15 other properties tend to be independent of species. The thor- oughness of sampling and the degree of variability influence Decay Resistance 3–15 the confidence with which species-dependent properties are Thermal Properties 3–15 known.
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Native Tree Sheet: Stinking Toe, Locust Hymenaea Courbaril Bean Family (FABACEAE Or LEGUMINOSAE) Cassia Subfamily (CAESALPINIACEAE) by Brian Daley and Thomas W
Native Tree Sheet: Stinking Toe, Locust Hymenaea courbaril Bean Family (FABACEAE or LEGUMINOSAE) Cassia Subfamily (CAESALPINIACEAE) By Brian Daley and Thomas W. Zimmerman, Ph.D. UVI-AES Biotechnology & Agroforestry A publication of the University of the Virgin Islands Agricultural Experiment Station October, 2007 Common Names Stinking toe (Virgin Islands), locust (West In- dies), algarrobo (Puerto Rico), guapinol (Costa Rica), koubari (Haiti), corobore (Venezuela). Description A medium- to large-sized, spreading, usu- ally evergreen, tree capable of reaching 120 in height with a trunk 4 feet in diameter, but rarely growing to more than 65 feet in the Vir- gin Islands. Its bark is smooth and light gray. Compound, alternate leaves are shiny, green Figure 1. This 50-foot tall locust tree is grow- with paired leaflets having pointed tips and a ing on the banks of a gut. distinctly off-centered mid-vein. Flowers are open blooms on some scattered individu- white, bell-shaped, 1 ¼ inches across, with als from April through October, though each five thin petals and 10 anthers and grow in population will have a two month peak in dense clusters or panicles. Locust produces flowering. Green fruit expand to full size (3- unmistakable, large, woody fruit pods 1 ½ 5 inches or 8-13 cm) in 4 to 6 weeks and Figure 2. Leaves, flowers, seedling and fruit to 2 inches wide and 3 to 5 inches long. The mature in the canopy for up to nine months (Illustration from J.A. Vozzo). sweet, edible, but strong- smelling pulp gives before falling to the ground unbroken. Virtu- then rubbing them clean.
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Woody and Herbaceous Plants Native to Haiti for Use in Miami-Dade Landscapes1
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Bats of Sint Eustatius, Caribbean Netherlands Scott .C Pedersen South Dakota State University, [email protected]
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum, University of Nebraska State Museum 3-13-2018 Bats of Sint Eustatius, Caribbean Netherlands Scott .C Pedersen South Dakota State University, [email protected] Peter A. Larsen Duke University, [email protected] Sil A. Westra Silvavir Forest Consultants, [email protected] Ellen van Norren Netherlands, [email protected] Wesley Overman Netherlands, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Other Animal Sciences Commons, and the Zoology Commons Pedersen, Scott .;C Larsen, Peter A.; Westra, Sil A.; van Norren, Ellen; Overman, Wesley; Kwiecinski, Gary G.; and Genoways, Hugh H., "Bats of Sint Eustatius, Caribbean Netherlands" (2018). Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum. 274. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy/274 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Scott .C Pedersen, Peter A. Larsen, Sil A. Westra, Ellen van Norren, Wesley Overman, Gary G. Kwiecinski, and Hugh H. Genoways This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ museummammalogy/274 Pedersen, Larsen, Westra, van Norren, Overman, Kwiecinski, and Genoways in Occasional Papers / Museum of Texas Tech University 353 (Mar. 13, 2018). Copyright 2018, Museum of Texas Tech University.
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Specifying Brazilian Exotic Hardwood Flooring
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Chapter 1 Properties of Wood Related to Drying
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Nutritional Evaluation of Mature Seeds of Enterolobium Cyclocarpum (Parota) from Diverse Ecological Zones in Western Mexico
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