DOCSLIB.ORG

Hymenaea Courbaril LC Taxonomic Authority: L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hymenaea Courbaril LC Taxonomic Authority: L Hymenaea courbaril LC Taxonomic Authority: L. Global Assessment Regional Assessment Region: Global Endemic to region Synonyms Common Names Hymenaea animifera Stokes Hymenaea multiflora Kleinhoonte Hymenaea resinifera Salisb. Upper Level Taxonomy Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA Order: FABALES Family: LEGUMINOSAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name: Plant Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority: General Information Distribution Hymenaea courbaril widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean. Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 700 Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: Lower limit: 0 Antarctic Map Status: Depth Australasian Upper limit: Neotropical Lower limit: Oceanian Depth Zones Palearctic Shallow photic Bathyl Hadal Indomalayan Photic Abyssal Nearctic Population This taxon is considered to be common. Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology H. courbaril inhabits tropical deciduous or subdeciduous forest, with Hura, Brosimum, Bursera or with Vitex, Cnidoscolus, Gyrocarpus, lowland areas and foothills. System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative Terrestrial Freshwater Nomadic Congregatory/Dispersive Is the species a wild relative of a crop? Marine Migratory Altitudinally migrant Growth From Definition Tree - size unknow Tree (any size), also termed a Phanerophyte (>1m) Threats This taxon is not considered to be threatened or in decline. Past Present Future 13 None Conservation Measures There are a number of protected areas within the range of this taxon and seeds have been collected and stored by the Millennium Seed Bank project as a method of ex-situ conservation. In Place Needed 3 Research actions 3.2 Population numbers and range 3.3 Biology and Ecology 3.4 Habitat status 3.5 Threats 3.6 Uses and harvest levels 3.7 Cultural relevance 3.8 Conservation measures 4 Habitat and site-based actions 4.4 Protected areas 5 Species-based actions 5.7 Ex situ conservation actions 5.7.2 Genome resource bank Countries of Occurrence PRESENCE ORIGIN Year Breeding Non- Passage Possibly Extinct Presence Native Introduced Re- Vagrant Origin Round Season breeding migrant extinct uncertain Introduced uncertain only season only Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil China Colombia Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador French Guiana Grenada Guadeloupe Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Indonesia Jamaica Kenya Madagascar Malaysia Martinique Mauritius Mexico Montserrat Netherlands Antilles Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Puerto Rico Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Singapore Sri Lanka Suriname Taiwan, Province of China Trinidad and Tobago Uganda Venezuela General Habitats Score Description Major Importance 1 Forest 1 Suitable Unset 1.6 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland 1 Suitable Unset Species Utilisation Species is not utilised at all Purpose / Type of Use Subsistence National International 11. Other household goods 9. Construction/structural materials This harwood species is used in furinture, flooring and for decorative purposes. Trend in the level of wild offtake/harvest in relation to total wild population numbers over the last five years: Trend in the amount of offtake/harvest produced through domestication/cultivation over the last five years: CITES status: Not listed IUCN Red Listing IUCN Red Listing Red List Assessment: (using 2001 IUCN system) Least Concern (LC) Red List Criteria: Date Last Seen (only for EX, EW or Possibly EX species): Is the species Possibly Extinct? Possibly Extinct Candidate? Rationale for the Red List Assessment H. courbaril has a very large geographical distribution. The taxon is considered tobe common and known to occur within the protected areas network. The taxon is not considered to be threatened or in decline at present thus a rating of Least Concern is given. Reason(s) for Change in Red List Category from the Previous Assessment: Genuine Change Nongenuine Change No Change Genuine (recent) New information Taxonomy Same category Genuine (since first assessment) Knowledge of Criteria Criteria Revisio and criteria Incorrect data used Other Same category but previously change in criteria Current Population Trend: Stable Date of Assessment: 24/08/2010 Name(s) of the Assessor(s): Groom, A. Evaluator(s): Notes: % population decline in the past: Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): % population decline in the future: Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Number of Locations: Severely Fragmented: Number of Mature Individuals: Bibliography Alverson, W.S.; Moskovits, D.K. & Shopland, J.S., 2000, Bolivia: Pando, Río Tahauamanú. Rapid Biol. Inv. 1: 1–79., , , Arrázola, S., Ferreira, W., Mercado, M. & Barra, N. de la, 2000, Caracterización de las unidades ambientales y evaluación de la degradación de la vegetación en la zona petrolera de Carrasco–Cochabamba, Bolivia., Revista Boliviana Ecol. Cons. Amb., 93–114., , Balick, M.J.; Nee, M.H & Atha, D.E., 2000, Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize, Mem. New York Bot. Gard.i–ix, 1-246, , Berendsohn, W.G. & Araniva de González. A.E., 1989, Listado básico de la Flora Salvadorensis: Familia 118: Leguminosae., Cuscatlania2, 1-16, , Breedlove, D. E., 1986., Flora de Chiapas., Listados Floríst. México i–v, 1–246., , , CONABIO, 2009., 2009, Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. Cap. nat. México 1., , , Correa A. M. D.; Galdames, C. & Stapf, M. S. de, 2004, Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá., , Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1., Funk, V., Hollowell, T., Berry, P., Kelloff, C. and Alexander, S.N., 2007, Checklist of the Plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.1–584., , , Howard, R.A. et al., 1988, Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Dicotyledoneae Part 1, Arnold Arboretum, , , Lee, Y.T. & Langenheim, J.H., 1975, Systematics of the genus Hymenaea L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Detarieae), Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.1-109, , , Lewis, G.P. & Owen, P.E., 1989, Legumes Ilha de Maraca, , , Lewis, G.P., 1987, Legumes of Bahia, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, , , McVaugh, R., 1987, Flora Novo-Galiciana: Leguminosae, Vol 5, University of Michigan Press, , , Molina R.A., 1975, Enumeración de las plantas de Honduras., Ceiba2, 1-118, , Sousa S.M.,Ricker, M. & Hernández, H.M., 2003, An index for the tree species of the family Leguminosae in Mexico., Harvard Pap. Bot.2, 381–398, , Standley, P.C. and Steyermark, J.A., 1946, Leguminosae. Flora of Guatemala., Fieldiana, Bot.5, 1–368, , Stevens, W. D.; C. Ulloa, U., A. Pool & Montiel, O. M., 2001, Flora de Nicaragua., Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. i–xlii, 1–2666., , Steyermark, J. Berry, P.E. and Holst, K., 2001, Flora of the Venezuelan Guyana, Vol 6, Liliaceae-Myrsinaceae, , Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St Louis Vásquez M.R., 1997, Flórula de las Reservas Biológicas de Iquitos, Perú: Allpahuayo-Mishana, Explornapo Camp, Explorama Lodge., , Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard., .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 93 47. Hymenaea Courbaril L
    47. Hymenaea courbaril L. - loksi var. courbaril 47a. Hymenaea oblongifolia Huber var. davisii (Sandw. Lee & Langenh.) Synonym (47) : Hymenaea davisii Sandw. Family : Leguminosae (Caesalpinioideae) Vernacular names Suriname : Rediloksi / Rode lokus Guyana : Locust / Kawanari / Moire / Stinking toe French Guiana : Courbaril / Loka Bolivia : Algarbobo Brazil : Jatoba / Copal / Copinol / Jutai Colombia : Algarrobo Venezuela : Jatahv / Algarrobo Peru : Azucar-huayo International trade name : Courbaril, Jatoba Occurrence : Suriname, Guianas, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Central America Tree description Bole length : bole 18 - 24 m: tree height 30 - 45 m Diameter : 0.50 – 1.50 m Log shape : straight, cylindrical; tree base swollen or buttressed Wood description Sapwood : distinct, whitish to cream white Heartwood : orange brown with dark veins or light brown to purplish brown Grain : generally straight, sometimes interlocked Texture : fine to moderately coarse Technological characteristics Physical properties (47) H. courbaril Green density (g/cm3): 1.10 Air dry density at 12% MC (g/cm3): 0.87 Total tangential shrinkage (%) : 8.5 Total radial shrinkage (%) : 4.4 Total volumetric shrinkage (%) : 12.6 93 Mechanical properties (47) H. courbaril Bending strength at 12% MC (N/mm2): 173 Modulus of elasticity (MOE) at 12% MC (N/mm2): 19800 Crushing strength at 12% MC (N/mm2): 98 Processing Sawing : difficult, power required; blunting effect: moderate Drying : slow drying recommended; difficult to air-season; US Kiln schedule T3 – C2 for 25-38 mm and T3 – C1 for 50 mm stock Machining : special tools recommended Gluing : good in dry and interior condition Nailing : pre-boring necessary Finishing : good Veneering : slices well; peeling difficult due to hardness Natural durability Decay fungi : moderate to very good Termites : very good Marine borers : moderate Treatability (heartwood) : poor End uses : exterior and interior joinery, marine constructions, high grade furniture and cabinet work, flooring, stairs, decorative veneer and fittings, turnery, arched articles.
    [Show full text]
  • Fossil Mosses: What Do They Tell Us About Moss Evolution?
    Bry. Div. Evo. 043 (1): 072–097 ISSN 2381-9677 (print edition) DIVERSITY & https://www.mapress.com/j/bde BRYOPHYTEEVOLUTION Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 2381-9685 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.43.1.7 Fossil mosses: What do they tell us about moss evolution? MicHAEL S. IGNATOV1,2 & ELENA V. MASLOVA3 1 Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 3 Belgorod State University, Pobedy Square, 85, Belgorod, 308015 Russia �[email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-042X * author for correspondence: �[email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-6315 Abstract The moss fossil records from the Paleozoic age to the Eocene epoch are reviewed and their putative relationships to extant moss groups discussed. The incomplete preservation and lack of key characters that could define the position of an ancient moss in modern classification remain the problem. Carboniferous records are still impossible to refer to any of the modern moss taxa. Numerous Permian protosphagnalean mosses possess traits that are absent in any extant group and they are therefore treated here as an extinct lineage, whose descendants, if any remain, cannot be recognized among contemporary taxa. Non-protosphagnalean Permian mosses were also fairly diverse, representing morphotypes comparable with Dicranidae and acrocarpous Bryidae, although unequivocal representatives of these subclasses are known only since Cretaceous and Jurassic. Even though Sphagnales is one of two oldest lineages separated from the main trunk of moss phylogenetic tree, it appears in fossil state regularly only since Late Cretaceous, ca.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACTS BOOK Proof 03
    1st – 15th December ! 1st International Meeting of Early-stage Researchers in Paleontology / XIV Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores en Paleontología st (1December IMERP 1-stXIV-15th EJIP), 2018 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Palaeontology in the virtual era 4 1st – 15th December ! Ist Palaeontological Virtual Congress. Book of abstracts. Palaeontology in a virtual era. From an original idea of Vicente D. Crespo. Published by Vicente D. Crespo, Esther Manzanares, Rafael Marquina-Blasco, Maite Suñer, José Luis Herráiz, Arturo Gamonal, Fernando Antonio M. Arnal, Humberto G. Ferrón, Francesc Gascó and Carlos Martínez-Pérez. Layout: Maite Suñer. Conference logo: Hugo Salais. ISBN: 978-84-09-07386-3 5 1st – 15th December ! Palaeontology in the virtual era BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 6 4 PRESENTATION The 1st Palaeontological Virtual Congress (1st PVC) is just the natural consequence of the evolution of our surrounding world, with the emergence of new technologies that allow a wide range of communication possibilities. Within this context, the 1st PVC represents the frst attempt in palaeontology to take advantage of these new possibilites being the frst international palaeontology congress developed in a virtual environment. This online congress is pioneer in palaeontology, offering an exclusively virtual-developed environment to researchers all around the globe. The simplicity of this new format, giving international projection to the palaeontological research carried out by groups with limited economic resources (expensive registration fees, travel, accomodation and maintenance expenses), is one of our main achievements. This new format combines the benefts of traditional meetings (i.e., providing a forum for discussion, including guest lectures, feld trips or the production of an abstract book) with the advantages of the online platforms, which allow to reach a high number of researchers along the world, promoting the participation of palaeontologists from developing countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Jatoba (Hymenaea Courbaril)
    Literature Cited - Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril) A01895 STRUCTURE AND STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE DITERPENES OF HYMENAEA COUBARIL (CAESALPINIOIDEAE) SEED POD RE. KHOO,SF: OEHLSCHLAGER,AC: OURISSON,G TETRAHEDRON 29 : 3379- (1973) (DEPT CHEM SIMON FRAZER UNIV BURNABY BC CANADA) A03106 SESQUITERPENES IN LEAF POCKET RESIN OF HYMENAEA COURBARIL. MARTIN,SS: LANGENHEIM,JH: ZAVARIN,E: PHYTOCHEMISTRY 11: 3049-(1972) (DIV NATUR SCI UNIV CALIORNIA SANTA CRUZ CA 95060 USA) A03531 PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF SOME BRAZILIAN PLANTS. BARROS,GSG: MATOS,JA: VIEIRA,JEV: SOUSA,MP: MEDEIROS,MC: J PHARM PHARMOL 22: 116-(1970) (SCH PHARM UNIV FED DO CEARA FORTALEZA BRAZIL) H13206 PARTIAL STRUCTURE OF A XYLOGLUAN FROM THE SEED OF HYMENAEA COURBARIL VAR. STILBOCARPA (JATOBA). LIMA,NN: REICHER,F: CORREA,JBC: GANTER,JLMS: SIERAKOWSKI,MR: CIENC CULT(SAO PAULO) 45 1: 22-26 (1993) (DEPT BIOQUIM UNIV FED PARANS CURITIBA 81531-970 BRAZIL) J02754 DITERPENES IN THE BARK OF HYMENEA COUBARIL. MARSAIOLI,AJ: DE FREITAS LEITAO FILHO,H: DE PAIVA CAMPELLO,J: PHYTOCHEMISTRY 14: 1882-1883 (1975) (INST QUIM UNIV ESTAD CAMPINAS SAO PAULO BRAZIL) J04745 QUANTITATIVE VARIATION IN LEAF POCKET RESIN COMPOSITION IN HYMENAEA COURBARIL. MARTIN,SS: LANGENHEIM,JH: ZAVARIN,E: BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2: 75-(1974) (DIV NATUR SCI UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ CA 95060 USA) J05393 VEGETABLE GROWTH AND LEAF RESIN COMPOSITION IN HYMENAEA COURBARIL UNDER PHOTOPERIODIC EXTREMES. STUBBLEBINE,W: LANGENHEIM,JH: LINCOLN,D: BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2: 219-(1975) (DIV NAT SCI UNIV CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ CA 95064 USA) K00542 BIOSYNTHESIS OF SESQUITERPENES IN HYMENAEA INFERRED FROM THEIR QUANTITATIVE CO-OCCURRENCE. MARTIN,SS: LANGENHEIM,JH: ZAVARIN,E: PHYTOCHEMISTRY 15: 113-119 (1976) (DIV NATURAL SCI UNIV CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ CA 95064 USA) K01545 ISOLATION OF ASTILBIN AND SITOSTEROL FROM HYMENAEA COURBARIL.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenaea Courbaril L
    Hymenaea courbaril L. Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae West Indian locust LOCAL NAMES Chamorro (kawanari); Creole (gòm anime,koubari,courbaril); Dutch (rode lokus); English (Brazilian cherry,Brazilian copal,cayenne copal,copal,demarara copal,kerosene tree,stinking toe,Latin American locust); French (gomme animée,pois confiture); Portuguese (jatobá); Spanish (algarrobo,curbaril,cuapinol,jataí,guapinol,azucar huayo,algarrobo de la antillas,algarrobo das antilhas,jutaby); Trade name (West Indian locust) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION H. coubaril pod (Anthony Simons) Hymenaea courbaril is a tree usually 30-40 m high, sometimes reaching 50 m in high forest; trunk up to 2 m in diameter, bark usually smooth, greyish, 1-3 cm thick and red internally; in the forest branching 10-20 m above ground level, much lower in exposed sites, crown wide and open or dense; root system fairly superficial with large roots often seen on the surface. Leaves alternate, compound, bifoliate; stipules soon falling; petiole 12-30 mm long; leaflets 2, ovate to lanceolate, curving slightly towards each other, 3-12 x 1.5-7 cm, apex acute to obtuse, base oblique, margins entire, glabrous, shiny and leathery with small glands and prominent veins Seed orchard in Honduras (Anthony Simons) below, petiolules 2-8 mm long. Inflorescence a short, terminal panicle with few branches and flowers; flowers bisexual; pedicles 3-10 mm long. Sepals 4, concave, oblong- obovate, 12-22 mm long, stamens 10, filamentous, anthers 3-8 mm long, ovary 1-locular, ovules 6-18 or more. Fruit an indehiscent oblong pod, 8-15 x 3-5 cm, pericarp dull dark brown, hard, woody, about 5 cm thick; seeds 1-6, light to dark brown, hard, flattened, obovoid to ellipsoid, 1-2 cm long, surrounded by a dry, creamy Flowers of H.
    [Show full text]
  • Bats of the Grenadine Islands, West Indies, and Placement of Koopman's Line
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum Museum, University of Nebraska State 7-2010 Bats of the Grenadine Islands, West Indies, and Placement of Koopman's Line Hugh H. Genoways University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Gary G. Kwiecinski University of Scranton Peter A. Larsen Texas Tech University, [email protected] Scott C. Pedersen South Dakota State University, [email protected] Roxanne J. Larsen Texas Tech University, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Genoways, Hugh H.; Kwiecinski, Gary G.; Larsen, Peter A.; Pedersen, Scott C.; Larsen, Roxanne J.; Hoffman, Justin D.; de Silva, Mark; Phillips, Carleton J.; and Baker, Robert J., "Bats of the Grenadine Islands, West Indies, and Placement of Koopman's Line" (2010). Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum. 129. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy/129 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Hugh H. Genoways, Gary G. Kwiecinski, Peter A. Larsen, Scott C. Pedersen, Roxanne J. Larsen, Justin D. Hoffman, Mark de Silva, Carleton J. Phillips, and Robert J. Baker This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ museummammalogy/129 Chiroptera Neotropical 16(1), July 2010 BATS OF THE GRENADINE ISLANDS, WEST INDIES, AND PLACEMENT OF KOOPMAN’S LINE Hugh H.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3--Physical Properties and Moisture Relations of Wood
    Chapter 3 Physical Properties and Moisture Relations of Wood William Simpson and Anton TenWolde he versatility of wood is demonstrated by a wide Contents variety of products. This variety is a result of a Appearance 3–1 spectrum of desirable physical characteristics or properties among the many species of wood. In many cases, Grain and Texture 3–1 more than one property of wood is important to the end Plainsawn and Quartersawn 3–2 product. For example, to select a wood species for a product, the value of appearance-type properties, such as texture, grain Decorative Features 3–2 pattern, or color, may be evaluated against the influence of Moisture Content 3–5 characteristics such as machinability, dimensional stability, Green Wood and Fiber Saturation Point 3–5 or decay resistance. Equilibrium Moisture Content 3–5 Wood exchanges moisture with air; the amount and direction of the exchange (gain or loss) depend on the relative humid- Sorption Hysteresis 3–7 ity and temperature of the air and the current amount of water Shrinkage 3–7 in the wood. This moisture relationship has an important Transverse and Volumetric 3–7 influence on wood properties and performance. This chapter discusses the physical properties of most interest in the Longitudinal 3–8 design of wood products. Moisture–Shrinkage Relationship 3–8 Some physical properties discussed and tabulated are influ- Weight, Density, and Specific Gravity 3–11 enced by species as well as variables like moisture content; Working Qualities 3–15 other properties tend to be independent of species. The thor- oughness of sampling and the degree of variability influence Decay Resistance 3–15 the confidence with which species-dependent properties are Thermal Properties 3–15 known.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Tree Sheet: Stinking Toe, Locust Hymenaea Courbaril Bean Family (FABACEAE Or LEGUMINOSAE) Cassia Subfamily (CAESALPINIACEAE) by Brian Daley and Thomas W
    Native Tree Sheet: Stinking Toe, Locust Hymenaea courbaril Bean Family (FABACEAE or LEGUMINOSAE) Cassia Subfamily (CAESALPINIACEAE) By Brian Daley and Thomas W. Zimmerman, Ph.D. UVI-AES Biotechnology & Agroforestry A publication of the University of the Virgin Islands Agricultural Experiment Station October, 2007 Common Names Stinking toe (Virgin Islands), locust (West In- dies), algarrobo (Puerto Rico), guapinol (Costa Rica), koubari (Haiti), corobore (Venezuela). Description A medium- to large-sized, spreading, usu- ally evergreen, tree capable of reaching 120 in height with a trunk 4 feet in diameter, but rarely growing to more than 65 feet in the Vir- gin Islands. Its bark is smooth and light gray. Compound, alternate leaves are shiny, green Figure 1. This 50-foot tall locust tree is grow- with paired leaflets having pointed tips and a ing on the banks of a gut. distinctly off-centered mid-vein. Flowers are open blooms on some scattered individu- white, bell-shaped, 1 ¼ inches across, with als from April through October, though each five thin petals and 10 anthers and grow in population will have a two month peak in dense clusters or panicles. Locust produces flowering. Green fruit expand to full size (3- unmistakable, large, woody fruit pods 1 ½ 5 inches or 8-13 cm) in 4 to 6 weeks and Figure 2. Leaves, flowers, seedling and fruit to 2 inches wide and 3 to 5 inches long. The mature in the canopy for up to nine months (Illustration from J.A. Vozzo). sweet, edible, but strong- smelling pulp gives before falling to the ground unbroken. Virtu- then rubbing them clean.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Bat Pollination: a Phylogenetic Perspective
    Annals of Botany 104: 1017–1043, 2009 doi:10.1093/aob/mcp197, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org INVITED REVIEW The evolution of bat pollination: a phylogenetic perspective Theodore H. Fleming1,*, Cullen Geiselman2 and W. John Kress3 1Emeritus, Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA, 2Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458, USA and 3Department of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA Received: 2 April 2009 Returned for revision: 27 May 2009 Accepted: 13 July 2009 Published electronically: 29 September 2009 † Background Most tropical and subtropical plants are biotically pollinated, and insects are the major pollinators. A small but ecologically and economically important group of plants classified in 28 orders, 67 families and about 528 species of angiosperms are pollinated by nectar-feeding bats. From a phylogenetic perspective this is a derived pollination mode involving a relatively large and energetically expensive pollinator. Here its ecologi- cal and evolutionary consequences are explored. Downloaded from † Scope and Conclusions This review summarizes adaptations in bats and plants that facilitate this interaction and discusses the evolution of bat pollination from a plant phylogenetic perspective. Two families of bats contain specialized flower visitors, one in the Old World and one in the New World. Adaptation to pollination by bats has evolved independently many times from a variety of ancestral conditions, including insect-, bird- and non-volant mammal-pollination. Bat pollination predominates in very few families but is relatively common in certain angiosperm subfamilies and tribes.
    [Show full text]
  • Woody and Herbaceous Plants Native to Haiti for Use in Miami-Dade Landscapes1
    Woody and Herbaceous Plants Native to Haiti For use in Miami-Dade Landscapes1 Haiti occupies the western one third of the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic the remainder. Of all the islands within the Caribbean basin Hispaniola possesses the most varied flora after that of Cuba. The plants contained in this review have been recorded as native to Haiti, though some may now have been extirpated due in large part to severe deforestation. Less than 1.5% of the country’s original tree-cover remains. Haiti’s future is critically tied to re- forestation; loss of tree cover has been so profound that exotic fast growing trees, rather than native species, are being used to halt soil erosion and lessen the risk of mudslides. For more information concerning Haiti’s ecological plight consult references at the end of this document. For present purposes all of the trees listed below are native to Haiti, which is why non-natives such as mango (the most widely planted tree) and other important trees such as citrus, kassod tree (Senna siamea) and lead tree (Leucanea leucocephala) are not included. The latter two trees are among the fast growing species used for re-forestation. The Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History’s Flora of the West Indies was an invaluable tool in assessing the range of plants native to Haiti. Not surprisingly many of the listed trees and shrubs 1 John McLaughlin Ph.D. U.F./Miami-Dade County Extension Office, Homestead, FL 33030 Page | 1 are found in other parts of the Caribbean with some also native to South Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Restoration in Eastern Madagascar: Post-Fire Survival Of
    Forest restoration in Eastern Madagascar: Post-fire survival of select Malagasy tree species A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINESOTA BY Donald Matthew Hill IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE Advisor: Rebecca Montgomery August 2018 Copyright Donald Matthew Hill, August 2018 Acknowledgement: The completion of this research could not have been possible without the participation and assistance of so many people whose names may not all be enumerated. Their contributions are sincerely appreciated and gratefully acknowledged. However, I would like to express my deep appreciation and indebtedness particularly to the following for their scientific input and guidance: Dr. Rebecca Montgomery, University of Minnesota Dr. Lee Frelich, University of Minnesota Dr. Jennifer Powers, University of Minnesota Dr. Leighton Reid, Missouri Botanical Gardens To all my relatives, both American and Malagasy, I would like to thank you for the emotional and moral support you have given me throughout the years. Your encouragement was essential for this endeavor to reach fruition. Thank you! i Abstract: As fire becomes more common in rainforests due to climate change, understanding rainforest tree species’ tolerance to fire becomes increasingly important. Madagascar’s northeast coast is particularly vulnerable to fire given the 20th century invasion of Dicranopteris linearis fern that is extremely flammable, promoting its own dominance in this region. The objective of the study was to investigate which Malagasy tree species were better able to survive a fire disturbance and under what conditions. We planted 4,000 trees of 11 different Malagasy tree species in 160 small monoculture islands consisting of 25 trees each.
    [Show full text]
  • Fabaceae) Seedlings in Hydroponic and Soil System
    Amazonian Journal of Plant Research ©2017 Universidade Federal do Pará This paper is available online free of all access charges – Faculdade de Engenharia Agronômica https://www.ajpr.online - Amaz. Jour. of Plant Resear. 3(3):353-362. 2019 Original Paper Development of Hymenaea courbaril L. (Fabaceae) seedlings in hydroponic and soil system Sandra A. Santos da Silva1, Eliane N. Braz2, Pedro V. de Araújo Júnior1, Fabio Miranda Leão 2, Dhyene R. Silva Dos Santos1 and Rafael Oliveira da Silva3 1 College of Agronomic Engineering, Federal University of Pará, Altamira - Pará, Brazil 2 Forestry Engineering School, Federal University of Pará, Altamira - Pará, Brazil 3 Federal University of Pará, Tucurui - Pará, Brazil Received: 04 April, 2019. Accepted: 7 June, 2019 First published on the web December, 2019 Doi: 10.26545/ajpr.2019.b00044x Abstract The jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L.) belongs to the family Fabaceae and subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It is a specie used for various purposes, it has a huge economic and ecological value, highly indicated for degraded areas recovery. In this context, this research aimed to evaluate the jatobá seedlings development, cultivated in hydroponic system and on the soil, in order to verify which is the most promising system for the seedlings production of the specie. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Forestry Engineering School of Pará’s Federal University – UFPA, in the municipality of Altamira – PA. The experimental design used was in blocks completely randomized with two treatments (Hydroponic System and Soil) with four repetitions, being each repetition composed by five plants, making four blocks each treatment. The seedlings were cultivated in soil horizon B oxisol (treatment 1) and nutritional solution (treatment 2).
    [Show full text]