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Implementing Energy Measures in Renovations for Multifamily Dwellings

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Implementing Energy Measures in Renovations for Multifamily Dwellings To Torgny, Monti and Tina. 1.2.1 Inspiration for and contribution of my research ...................................................................................... 6 1.2.2 Aim, study objects and research questions .............................................................................................. 7 1.3.1. Energy and building research in the non-technical perspective ........................................................... 11 1.3.2 Renovation research and energy issues ................................................................................................. 16 2.1.1. Who is the middle in the building sector and renovation projects? ...................................................... 33 2.1.2 Agency and capacity from the top-down and bottom-up to the middle-out .......................................... 33 2.1.3 Direction and mode of influence of the middle in building research .................................................... 36 2.1.4 Difficulties with the middle agents and the middle-out perspective ..................................................... 38 2.2.1 Different approaches within practice theory ......................................................................................... 40 2.2.2 What is a practice? ................................................................................................................................ 42 2.2.3 Schatzki on the study of organisations with a practice theory approach ............................................... 43 2.2.4 Elements holding a practice together according to Gram-Hanssen ....................................................... 46 2.3.1 Locating and defining the middle professionals in my case study ........................................................ 51 2.3.2 Practices of middle professionals in performing renovation projects.................................................... 56 3.1.1 CAREER – Collaborative Research Programme on Energy Efficiency in Renovation ........................ 64 3.1.2 Research design and process ................................................................................................................. 65 3.1.3 Fieldwork period and access to the field ............................................................................................... 66 3.3.1 Overview of the material: Planning and design phase meetings and participants ................................. 68 3.3.2 Semi-structured interviews with the actors in and around the planning and design phase .................... 73 3.3.3 Participant observation of meetings in the planning and design phase – “you had to be there” ........... 75 3.3.4 Documents related to the planning and design phase of renovation projects ........................................ 77 3.3.5 Summary and overview of the methods and material ........................................................................... 78 3.5.1 Reflections on language issues and transcription .................................................................................. 81 3.5.2 Reflections on researchers’ role in the renovation projects ................................................................... 82 4.1.1 Energy efficiency in renovations by Swedish real estate companies .................................................... 88 4.1.2 Sustainability aspects in renovations of Swedish property owner organisations .................................. 90 4.2.1 The public housing sector ..................................................................................................................... 93 4.3.1 Stångåstaden – ownership relations ...................................................................................................... 96 4.3.2 Renovation developments, investment and costs in the municipal housing company .......................... 96 4.3.3 Energy goals and the energy group of the housing company ................................................................ 97 The planning and design phase in the renovation project ............................................................................ 101 4.5.1 The residential building stock and its energy performance ................................................................. 105 4.5.2 Overview of the three renovation projects .......................................................................................... 110 5.3.1 General set-up and sociality ................................................................................................................ 121 5.3.2 New participants in the routinised meetings – challenging the practice .............................................. 125 5.3.3 Discussion on energy and energy measures during the meetings ........................................................ 129 5.4.1 Energy included in the renovation projects? ....................................................................................... 130 5.4.2 Implemented energy measures ............................................................................................................ 132 6.1.1 The meaning of energy, promoting energy measures and electricity saving measures ....................... 141 6.1.2 The meaning of innovation ................................................................................................................. 142 6.1.3 The company’s 25-25 energy goal as a potential enabling factor ....................................................... 143 6.2.1 The adaptation of energy measures ..................................................................................................... 149 6.3.1 Regulations and standards ................................................................................................................... 151 6.3.2 Explicit goals as rules to follow for enabling energy efficiency ......................................................... 152 6.3.3 Explicit and implicit financial rules for energy measures ................................................................... 154 6.4.1 The importance of know-how and aggregated knowledge from previous projects and rule of thumb 156 6.4.2 Energy calculations and measurements – enabling energy efficiency? ............................................... 158 7.1.1 The role of the top and the top-down influence to the middle............................................................. 167 7.1.2 Upstream influence from the middle to the top: replacing a heating system....................................... 170 7.2.1 The role of the bottom and their bottom-up influence to the middle ................................................... 176 7.2.2 Downstream and upstream influence between middle and bottom: Rent negotiations ....................... 184 7.2.3 Downstream influence from the middle to the bottom ........................................................................ 186 8.2.1 Energy efficiency in the company ....................................................................................................... 199 8.2.2 Energy efficiency follow-ups .............................................................................................................. 199 Elements holding a practice together ........................................................................................................... 201 Changing a meeting practice? ...................................................................................................................... 203 Agency and capacity of the top, middle and bottom .................................................................................... 207 There are many people I want to thank. It is because of their help and support that I have managed to write this PhD thesis. I got a lot of inspiration, discussion and support from many people throughout this process and I owe thanks to many wonderful people. Let me first give you a mental image of what it feels like to do a PhD. Doing a PhD can feel like hiking up a difficult mountain. It is tough at times, challenging, and sometimes the heights can seem scary. In the beginning you still have lots of energy; it is exciting and you want to run up the whole mountain. But then you are still below the tree border and it is more like a walk up a steep hill. But as you move on it gets trickier, and you have to follow a path and not just aimlessly run through the woods. If it is a really difficult mountain, like Großglockner, the highest mountain in Austria, or even a Himalayan mountain, you will need a guide to help you up. Hiking alone is not much fun, anyhow; it is more enjoyable to walk with people who also cheer you on when you get tired and just want to give up or take a long break. On my PhD mountain hike, sometimes I was exhausted and did not want to continue. Sometimes I got scared of heights and needed support. Sometimes I did not know which path to follow, as on the PhD mountain there are no markings to show the way; you have to find your own safe way up. But there are people guiding you, supporting you and sharing their experiences and knowledge about which way seems safest. Fortunately, I had many guides and safety tools that helped me complete my journey up the mountain safely. First, I have to thank the municipal housing company Stångåstaden in Linköping for their collaboration work within the CAREER project; this made it possible for me to write this PhD thesis. Thank you for opening your doors to us. We enjoyed coming to your headquarters, not only due to the great hotel breakfasts
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