DOCSLIB.ORG

439976 1 En Bookbackmatter 413..424

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Index Note: Page numbers followed by “f” and “t” refer to figures and tables. A demographics and social profile, 88–91, Aalto, Alvar, 101 90f, 92f, 93t Ageing problem, in housing estates, 182, distribution, 14f 279–283, 280t, 281f, 282f, 299f from the early 1980s to the present, 84 Agnetapark, Delft, the Netherlands, 39 1920s and 1930s, 78–79, 80f, 81f Agora Local Patriot Association, 211 from the 1950s to the end of the 1970s, À la française, 272 81–83, 82f Alexandras Avenue, Athens ongoing degradation and new planning refugee housing estate on, 80f initiatives, 92, 94–95 Ammelinckx S.A. estate, 148 physical form, 84–86 Amsterdam population developments, 70 Bijlmer, 60, 61, 68, 69 2004 Olympiako Chorio (Olympic Village), local housing market, characteristics of, 63 78 population developments, 69 See also Greece urban renewal, 68 Athens Charter, 60, 103, 317 Antala Staška housing estates, 345f Austerity, 176–178 Apartment associations, building, 403 Australia, 37 П-44 apartment buildings, 296f Austria, 36 Area for Reinforced Development of Housing Avant-garde style, 291 and Renewal (Espace de Azienda Lombarda Edilizia Residenziale Développement Renforcé du Logement (ALER), 266, 274–276, 285, 286 et de la Rénovation, EDRLR), 163 Arms Length Management Organisations B (ALMOs), 125 Bahrdt, Hans Paul, 103 Arrese, José Luis, 245 Balta Alba housing estate, 13, 174f Asia Minor refugees, 79, 86, 94, 95 Baltic states Association for the Centenarium Housing recruitment of initial residents, 62 Estate, 211 Barcelona Astangu housing estate, 408f local housing market, characteristics of, 63 Athens, 5 Barona Village, 286 large housing estates, 12, 77–97 Barrio de la Estrella, 248f allocation process and tenure, 86–88 Bauwochen (Building Fair), 107 current challenges for housing estates, BBPR, 273f 95–97 Beaudoin, Eugène, 316 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 413 D. B. Hess et al. (eds.), Housing Estates in Europe, The Urban Book Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92813-5 414 Index Békásmegyer Church Foundation, 211 distribution of, 14f Belgium emergence and evolution of, 145–165 urban renewal policies, 51 housing policies, 146–148 See also Brussels private large housing estates, 163 Berlin, 5 public large housing estates, 161–163 large housing estates of, 99–118 social composition of, 16 distribution of, 14f residential segregation formation of, 101–103 demographic and socioeconomic and market liberalisation, 111–112 evolution of, 151–157, 154t, 155t, private ownership of apartments, 19 157f residential change in, 112–117, large housing estates’ impact on ethnic 114–117f and socioeconomic segregation, tenants, 104–105 157–160, 158f, 159f, 160t See also East Berlin; Germany; West Berlin See also Belgium Berlin Wall, 100 Brussels Capital Region, 161n4 Bijlmer, 60, 61, 68, 69 Bucharest, 5 Birmingham, 5, 121–143 large housing estates, 13, 167–188 Central Estates, 131–141, 132–139f austerity, 176–178 decline and fall of housing construction, challenges to, 180–187 126–130, 128t, 130t densification, 176–179, 176f demolition of apartment buildings, 16, 17 distribution of, 14f distribution of housing estates, 14f gated communities, 178–179 estates at the outset, 126 high-quality small scale housing estates, high-rise blocks and municipal dwellings, implantation of, 171–172, 172f, 173f 125, 126t land use and building age in, 170f local housing market, characteristics of, 63 mass quality housing, 172–176, urban renewal, 68 174–178f, 178–179 wards and housing market area boundaries, physical layout of, 179–180 127f poor quality, 176–178, 177f See also United Kingdom (UK) pre-1990 housing estates, location of, Birmingham Municipal Housing Trust, 130 171f Blades-style architecture, 180, 181f social composition of, 180–187 Blocco eldilizio (the real estate block), 270 Master Plan of Bucharest (2014), 169 Bostadsbyggnadsutredningen, 364 section profile of, 180f Braem, Renaat, 41f, 147, 150 Budapest, 5 Brandenburg Gate, 107 distribution of housing estates, 14f Bredäng housing estates, 373–380, 374f large housing estates, 191–212 average disposable income, 380f challenges to, 207–211, 209t employment rates, 378f, 379f evolution of, 192–200 ethnic background of, 377f 1950s, 194, 195f socio-economic and demographic 1960s, 194–196, 196f composition of, 376t 1970s, 197–198, 197f, 198f Brezhnevki, 294, 298, 299f 1980s, 199–200, 199f Brezhnev, Leonid, 294 post-socialist transition of, 207–211 Britain. See United Kingdom (UK) socio-economic changes of, 204–207, Brunfaut Act of 1949, 147, 148 204t, 205f, 206f Brusselisation, 148 weight and characteristics of, 202–203, Brussels, 5 203f Brussels World’s Fair (1958), 150 weight and distribution of, at the large housing estates, 12 national level, 200–202, 201f, 201t configuration and physical aspects of, local housing market, characteristics of, 64 149–151, 152f, 153f Tér-Köz (Public-Space) programme, 211 definition and selection of, 148–149, See also Hungary 150f, 151f Building Act of 1959 (Finland), 217 Index 415 Building quality, 253 Ministry of Regional Development, 349 Built environment, improvement of, 329–330, population developments, 69 330f recruitment of initial residents, 62 Bulgaria Velvet Revolution, 340, 341, 347, 348, 353 population developments, 69 See also Prague recruitment of initial residents, 62 D C Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Canyon-style architecture, 179f, 180, 181f (Jacobs), 46–47 Castle Vale Decent Homes Policy, 125, 129 Housing Action Trust funding for, 134–135 Decline of large housing estates, 57–72 Central Estates, 131–141, 132–139f initial conditions Central Settlement System (středisková inadequate spatial planning, 60–61 soustava osídlení), 341, 348 poor physical design, 59 Černý Most housing estates, 349, 351 recruitment of initial residents, 61–62 Chabolas (large squatter settlements), 245 weaknesses in urban design, 60–61 CIAM (Les Congreès Internationaux macro developments d’Archetecture Moderne), 354 employment, decline of, 70–71 Cité de la Muette, 316 population developments, 69–70 Civil War, 81 management of Colentina, 173 housing allocation, 67 Colour-blind approach, 315 maintenance, 66–67 Comitato per l’Edilizia Residenziale (CER, relative depreciation Committee for Residential Building), housing stock, size of, 63 268 local housing market, characteristics of, Commission on Socially Sustainable 63–64 Development (Kommissionen för ett tenure, 65–66 socialt hållbart Stockholm), 382 renewal, 68–69 Common good, 216, 217 DEGEWO, 101 Communal life, 25 De-industrialisation, 266 Communist Party of Spain, 245 Demographic changes of housing estates Community activism in neighbourhoods, Athens, 88–91, 90f, 92f, 93t rising, 408–409, 409f Brussels, 151–157, 154t, 155t, 157f Comprehensive Housing Construction Helsinki, 223–227, 224–226f, 227–228t, (komplexní bytová výstavba), 342, 346 229f, 229t, 230f, 231–232t Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Demolition of housing estates, 4, 16, 209 Moderne (CIAM) architects, 39–40, 46 Denmark, population developments, 69 Connectivity, 182 Densification, 176–179, 176f, 184, 185f Connectivity-based policies, 23 Density, 184–186 Contemporary urban life, 25–26 DEPOS, 94–95 Copenhagen Deprivedhoods, 20 tenure, 65 Deprived neighbourhoods, 12, 314, 318–320 Corviale, Rome, 65, 67 De Taeye Act, 147 Council housing, 266, 278t, 279t De-urbanisation, 266 Craigmillar estate, 69, 70 die Platte, 100 Cvartal model, 171, 172f, 173f Diffusion of large housing estates, 271–276, Czechoslovakia 271f, 273–275f Central Settlement System (středisková Displacement, 314 soustava osídlení), 341 Dissimilarity index (DI), 159–160, 160t Communist Party, 341, 342, 346 Distribution of housing estates, 200–202, 201f, Comprehensive Housing Construction 201t, 203f (komplexní bytová výstavba), 342, 346, Do-it-yourself urbanism, 19 348 Drumul Taberei, 173, 174f, 176 Ministry of Environment, 349 Dutschke, Werner, 100 416 Index Düttmann, Werner, 105 Fourth wave of Soviet housing construction, 294–296 E France East Berlin City Policy (Politique de la Ville), 81, Hohenschönhausen estate, 100, 109–111 319–320, 331 large housing estates, formation of, Equality and Citizenship law of 2017, 335 103–104 large housing estates, 37, 43 Marzahn estate, 100, 101, 109–111, 116f, Ministry of Reconstruction and Planning, 117f 317 See also Berlin; Germany ‘one million homes’ in, 8 East End estate, 69 Priority Zones for Urban Development Ebert, Wils, 100 (Zones à Urbaniser en Priorité/ZUP), Ecological footprints, 25 317 Educational stratification, 300 private ownership of apartments, 20 Electoral pattern of stratification, 300–302 Right to Oppose Housing law of 2007, 335 Employment, decline of, 70–71 urban renewal, 68–69 Energy efficiency, 182–183 Zones Urbaines Sensibles, 68–69 Energy Saving Loan Program, 208 See also Paris England. See United Kingdom (UK) Francoism, 253 Equality and Citizenship law of 2017 (France), 335 G Equity, 25 Gagès, Frenchman, 105 Estate Action (1985–1994), 124 Gagès, René, 105, 106 Estates Renewal Challenge Fund (ERCF), 124, Garden Cities, 13 131, 135 healthier, 39 Estonia Gated communities, 178–179, 330f Estonian Union of Apartment Associations GEHAG, 101 (EUAA), 403 Gemeinnützige Wohnungsbaugesellschaften, population developments, 69 101 See also Tallinn General Urban Development Plan 1944 Ethnic diversity, 255–257 (Madrid), 243 Ethnic segregation of large housing estates, General Urban Development Plan 1963 157–160, 158f, 159f, 160t, 276–279, (Madrid), 244–245 276–279t Gentrification, 15, 25, 59, 71, 89, 105, 138, Etrimo S.A. estate,
Recommended publications
  • Immigration, Spatial Segregation and Housing Segmentation of Immigrants in Metropolitan Stockholm, 1960± 95

    Immigration, Spatial Segregation and Housing Segmentation of Immigrants in Metropolitan Stockholm, 1960± 95

    Urban Studies, Vol. 35, No. 10, 1869± 1888, 1998 Immigration, Spatial Segregation and Housing Segmentation of Immigrants in Metropolitan Stockholm, 1960± 95 Robert A. Murdie and Lars-Erik BorgegaÊrd [Paper received in ® nal form, August 1997] Summary Immigration policy and the origins of immigrants coming to Sweden have changed dramatically during the post-World War Two period. During the same period, changes in housing policy have affected the type of accommodation available to immigrants and refugees. It is within the context of these and other changes that we develop a model of the driving forces behind spatial segregation and housing segmentation in Sweden and document and evaluate shifts in the spatial segregation and housing segmentation of immigrants in the Stockholm region between 1960 and 1995. 1. Introduction Since World War Two, international newly arrived immigrants have often been migration has grown in numbers and com- viewed by majority groups, and particularly plexity. More nations are involved in the the political right, as a threat to economic migration process and the groups affected by well-being and national identity. This is migration have become more diverse. Inter- especially so for countries which have national migrants now differ dramatically experienced the social dislocation of econ- according to characteristics such as culture, omic restructuring and where a retrenchment language, race and economic status. Through of the welfare state has reduced the life- time, migrants have also been viewed differ- chances of many residents (Castles and ently by the receiving society. In the early Miller, 1993, ch. 2). post-World War Two period, immigrants In the receiving countries, many immi- were generally, welcomed in countries with a grant groups are segregated spatially and labour shortage.
  • Mass-Housing: Tendencies and Modernization Research Paper

    Mass-Housing: Tendencies and Modernization Research Paper

    Faculty: The Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment Department: Architecture Programme: MSc programme Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences Studio: Explore Lab 17 Mass-Housing: Tendencies and Modernization Research paper Author: M. Šutavičius, Study number: 4254791 Email: [email protected] Mentor: Y. J. Cuperus May 2014 2 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................... 5 Method description ............................................................................................................................................ 6 2. INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................. 7 3. MASS-HOUSING IN SOVIET UNION ................................................................................................................... 19 Policy ................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Utopia ............................................................................................................................................................... 20 Pollution............................................................................................................................................................ 21 Construction ....................................................................................................................................................
  • Homelessness Research and Policy Development: Examples from the Nordic Countries Lars Benjaminsen and Marcus Knutagård

    Homelessness Research and Policy Development: Examples from the Nordic Countries Lars Benjaminsen and Marcus Knutagård

    10th Anniversary Issue 45 Homelessness Research and Policy Development: Examples from the Nordic Countries Lars Benjaminsen and Marcus Knutagård SFI – The Danish National Centre for Social Research, Copenhagen, Denmark School of Social Work, Lund University, Lund, Sweden >> Abstract_ The interaction between research and policy development has played an important role in the transformation of homelessness policies and services over the last decade. Evidence from research on Housing First programmes and interventions in North America has informed the develop- ment of experimental Housing First programmes in many European countries. Moreover, studies on the profiles of homeless people and patterns of service use have supported an ongoing transition from mainly emergency and temporary responses towards strategic approaches with a focus on long-term and permanent solutions. This article will focus on the Nordic countries, where there has been close interaction between research and policy development in the formation of national strategies and programmes. In Denmark, Norway and Sweden, comprehensive national counts of homelessness have been carried out based on similar definitions and methodology and in Finland, monitoring of the extent and profiles of homelessness has been carried out for several years. In Denmark and Finland, national data have been used in the formation of national homelessness strategies that have been based on the Housing First principle, and data have been used to monitor developments in homelessness following implementation of these programmes. In Sweden, influential research on the staircase system has contributed to in-depth understanding of the unintended exclusion mechanisms that may sometimes be inherent in home- lessness policies. >> Keywords_ Homelessness research, policy development, strategic response, Housing First ISSN 2030-2762 / ISSN 2030-3106 online 46 European Journal of Homelessness _ Volume 10, No.
  • Cost-Effective and Energy Efficient Renovation Measures of Multi-Family

    Cost-Effective and Energy Efficient Renovation Measures of Multi-Family

    COST-EFFECTIVE AND ENERGY- EFFICIENT RENOVATION MEASURES OF MULTI-FAMILY APARTMENT BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTED DURING THE MILLION PROGRAM Where carbon dioxide emissions minimization is a key issue Christofer Svensson Master Thesis in Energy-efficient and Environmental Buildings Faculty of Engineering | Lund University Lund University Lund University, with eight faculties and a number of research centers and specialized institutes, is the largest establishment for research and higher education in Scandinavia. The main part of the University is situated in the small city of Lund which has about 112 000 inhabitants. A number of departments for research and education are, however, located in Malmö and Helsingborg. Lund University was founded in 1666 and has today a total staff of 6 000 employees and 47 000 students attending 280 degree programmes and 2 300 subject courses offered by 63 departments. Master Programme in Energy-efficient and Environmental Build- ing Design This international programme provides knowledge, skills and competencies within the area of energy-efficient and environmental building design in cold climates. The goal is to train highly skilled professionals, who will significantly contribute to and influence the design, building or renovation of energy-efficient buildings, taking into consideration the architec- ture and environment, the inhabitants’ behavior and needs, their health and comfort as well as the overall economy. The degree project is the final part of the master programme leading to a Master of Science (120 credits) in Energy-efficient and Environmental Buildings. Examiner: Petter Wallentén (Building Physics) Supervisor: Åke Blomsterberg (Energy and Building Design) Keywords: Energy efficiency, Cost-effectiveness, Carbon dioxide minimization, Co-benefits, IEA EBC Annex 56, Renovation, The million program Thesis: EEBD–17/05 Abstract The Swedish construction and real estate sector has a significant impact on the total national carbon ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞemissions and energy consumption.
  • GOTHENBURG 2021 Persiska

    GOTHENBURG 2021 Persiska

    GOTHENBURG 2021 Proposed plan. work Gothenburg’s 400th anniversary. Opportunities to the on way STORA HAMN CANAL SPACE FOR YOUTHFUL INFLUENCE BLUEWAYS AND GREENWAYS FUTURE SOCIETY LAB SMART TRAFFIC SWIMMING IN THE MIDDLE OF TOWN THE GOTHIA CUP OF MUSIC AND KNOWLEDGE THE BEST CITY IN THE WORLD WHEN IT’S RAINING MORE THAN JUST A BRIDGE HOUSING 2021 INNOVATION-FRIENDLY OASES GOTHENBURG 2021 Persiska ﺑﺮای درﯾﺎﻓﺖ اﯾﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺰﺑﺎن ﭘﺎرﺳﯽ ﺑﮫ ﺻﻔﺤﮫ اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ goteborg.www com.2021 رﺟﻮع ﺷﻮد Läs förslag till arbetsplan på: Arabiska Ny rad Read about the proposed work plan at: ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ، ﻧﺮﺣﺐ ﺑﺰﯾﺎرﺗﻜﻢ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ:: goteborg.www com.2021 Warbixin af-soomaali ah, waxaad ka heleysaa: ﺑﺮای درﯾﺎﻓﺖ اﯾﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺰﺑﺎن ﭘﺎرﺳﯽ ﺑﮫ ﺻﻔﺤﮫ اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ رﺟﻮع ﺷﻮد :Sorani: Za informacije na bosanskom/hrvatskom/srpskom dobro doši na: www.goteborg2021.com ﺑﯚ ﺑدەﺳﺘﮫﻨﺎﻧﯽ زاﻧﯿﺎری ﺑ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﯚراﻧﯽ ﺑﺧﺮﺑﻦ ﺑﯚ: Informacje po polsku znajdziesz na stronie: Türkçe bilgi edinmek için girebileceginiz web sayfası: Informacije ko romane, dobrodoslo sen ko: Para información en español visite: Tiedot suomeksi osoitteessa: Für Informationen auf Deutsch, willkommen bei: goteborg2021.com A huge number of people have been involved in the work, and we’re very grateful for their help. Since these proposals are based on the sum of all contributions, we will not name individual sources. Our strength is our combined will. If you find any errors in the text, they are ours, not the contributors’. Sincerely, the Gothenburg & Co project management. 4 | 5 Preface GOTHENBURG 2021 – MORE THAN JUST A CENTENARY CELEBRATION. The task of describing how we should cele- challenges.
  • The Future of Social Housing Is Considered to Be Crucial.” Summary Report

    The Future of Social Housing Is Considered to Be Crucial.” Summary Report

    United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Committee on Human Settlements ”The future of social housing is considered to be crucial.” summary report Imprint Published by City of Vienna, MA 50 Project Management Wolfgang Förster, Division for Housing Research and International Relations in Housing and Urban Renewal Edited by Europaforum Wien Siegrun Herzog, Johannes Lutter Grafic design clara monti grafik, Vienna Photos Gisela Ortner, Vienna Printed by Leukauf?, Vienna © City of Vienna, 2005 All rights reserved 1 Foreword by Kaj Bärlund, Director, 2 Starting from scratch in Kosovo – the institutional context for new social 52 Environment and Human Settlements Division, UNECE, Geneva housing in Kosovo and the experience of Wales, Malcolm Boorer Foreword by Werner Faymann, City Councillor 3 Responsibilities for housing development at different institutional levels 54 for Housing, Housing Construction and Urban Renewal, Vienna in the Slovak Republic, Alena Kandlbauerova Social housing in Latvia – reality (or current situation) 56 Programme of the Symposium 4 and future perspective, Inara Marana and Valdis Zakis Field Visit 8 “Wohndrehscheibe” – a housing information system for the disadvantaged, 58 Christian Perl Introduction to the summary report 10 Macro-economic framework and social housing finance. Financing systems, 61 Stephen Duckworth Presentations and debates Financing non-profit housing in Switzerland, Ernst Hauri 63 Session 1: The role and evolution of social housing in society 12 Funding for social housing, Jorge Morgado Ferreira
  • Plattenbau Bartwigger.Pdf

    Plattenbau Bartwigger.Pdf

    Voorwoord . 15 Januari 2004, S-bahn S25 richting Wartenberg, Samen met Moskow, St. Petersburg, Leningrad en Berlijn. Op weg naar Marzahn was ik, en al turende Tashkent is Berlijn een van de testgebieden door het grote venster van de S-bahn zag ik ze al in geweest voor de ontwikkeling van de de verte, aan de horizon, opdoemend tegen een geprefabriceerde massawoningbouw, in het Duits grijze hemel: de adembenemende, monotone, genaamd 'Plattenbau'. Middels deze bouwmethode reusachtige betonkolossen. Ik moet het met eigen wisten de leiders van het sociale regime in de vier ogen zien, dacht ik tijdens een college toen ik nog in decennia na WOII hun idealen letterlijk in beton te Berlijn studeerde, waarbij Plattenbausiedlung gieten. In de geschiedenis van de architectuur en de Marzahn de revue passeerde. stedenbouw zijn weinig voorbeelden aan te halen Een dik halfuur vanaf Alexanderplatz, op een waarin politieke, economische en socialistische uitgeleefd S-bahn station, koud, winderig door het idealen zo duidelijk zijn gemanifesteerd als toen. gebrek aan ook maar iets dat op beschutting leek, Alleen al in de voormalig DDR zijn 1,52 miljoen daar stond ik dan, oog in oog…. Waar ik ook keek, woningen gebouwd middels de Plattenbau- Plattenbau. Een gevoel van somberheid daalde op methode. mij neer. Wat heeft de DDR er toe aangezet om dìt Tijdens het socialistische regime functioneerden de te verwezenlijken? Is het er daadwerkelijk zo slecht Platten, zoals ze in de volksmond nog immer wonen als de media en het gros van de worden genoemd, naar behoren en stond men architectuurwereld doen voorkomen? dikwijls in de rij om in aanmerking te komen om zich er te mogen vestigen.
  • Social Innovations in Malmö, Sweden

    Social Innovations in Malmö, Sweden

    WORK PACKAGE 5 SOCIAL INNOVATIONS IN MALMÖ, SWEDEN Marie Nordfeldt & Anna Carrigan Ersta Sköndal University College (Sweden) This report is part of Work Package 5 of the research project entitled "Welfare innovations at the local level in favour of cohesion" (WILCO). WILCO aims to examine, through cross-national comparative research, how local welfare systems affect social inequalities and how they favour social cohesion, with a special focus on the missing link between innovations at the local level and their successful transfer to and implementation in other settings. The WILCO consortium covers ten European countries and is funded by the European Commission (FP7, Socio-economic Sciences & Humanities). CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND OF SOCIAL INNOVATION 1 2. SOCIAL INNOVATION IN MALMÖ 1 2.1. Områdesprogrammet in general ............................................................... 2 2.1.1 Short description ............................................................................... 3 2.2. Områdesprogrammet in Holma-Kroksbäck .................................................. 3 2.2.1. Short description .............................................................................. 3 2.2.2. Conception and ways of addressing users ................................................. 4 2.2.3. Internal organization and modes of working ............................................ 5 2.2.4. Impact on the governance of local welfare systems ................................... 5 2.3. Coompanion Inkubatorn, short description ................................................
  • Renovate Or Rebuild?

    Renovate Or Rebuild?

    Renovate or rebuild? - a comparison of the climate impact from renovation compared to demolition and new construction for a multi-dwelling building built in the era of the “Million Programme” using life- cycle assessment Peter Eskilsson Uppsats för avläggande av masterexamen i naturvetenskap 30 hp Institutionen för biologi och miljövetenskap Göteborgs universitet June 2015 Summary In order to reach European and national Swedish targets on reduced climate impact and increased energy efficiency, interventions in the building stock will be a key issue. In Sweden, a large share of the multi-dwelling buildings was built 1961-1975, in the era of the so called “Million programme”. Today these buildings need to be renovated and there is a great potential of increasing their energy efficiency. However, is renovation the best option to reduce climate impact from these buildings, or is it better to demolish and rebuild new more energy efficient buildings? This study compared the climate impact of two scenarios for a building built in the era of the “Million programme”, renovation of the current building or demolition and rebuilding a new more energy efficient building. The method used was life-cycle assessment. The life- cycle assessment was limited to the climate impact from building material production and energy use for heating, hot water and property electricity and a 50 years life span was used. The scenarios were also compared for an unlimited time span to find the point of equal cumulative climate impact. In several previous studies, a more energy efficient new building had lower climate impact from a life-cycle perspective.
  • The Shrinking of Eastern Germany

    The Shrinking of Eastern Germany

    JW-12 GERMANY Jill Winder is a Donors’ Fellow of the Institute studying post-reunification Germany through the ICWA work and attitudes of its artists. LETTERS The Shrinking of Eastern Germany By Jill Winder NOVEMBER 25, 2005 Since 1925 the Institute of BERLIN–Cities, in the parlance of modern architectural and urban theory, are al- Current World Affairs (the Crane- most by definition places that expand and grow infinitely. Since the process of Rogers Foundation) has provided industrialization began two centuries ago, people have flocked to urban centers long-term fellowships to enable from the countryside in search of work, better living conditions and access to edu- outstanding young professionals cation. So great is this entrenched concept of cities and growth that recent archi- to live outside the United States tectural and urban-planning theory has almost exclusively focused on the devel- and write about international opment of “mega cities” and the demands of housing exploding populations. Yet areas and issues. An exempt in spite of the rapid pace of urbanization in some areas (notably China), once- operating foundation endowed by thriving cities all over the world suffer from a surprising phenomenon that mod- the late Charles R. Crane, the ern urban planning seems ill suited to deal with: Shrinkage. Institute is also supported by contributions from like-minded Research conducted recently by the United Nations has shown that for every individuals and foundations. two cities that are growing, three are shrinking.1 According to Philipp Oswalt, a Berlin-based architect and director of Schrumpfende Städte (Shrinking Cities), a three- year research project (2002–2005) funded by the Kulturstiftung des Bundes (Federal TRUSTEES Cultural Foundation), more than 450 cities worldwide have lost 10 percent of their 2 Bryn Barnard population since 1950; no fewer than 59 of those are in the US.
  • Mass Housing and Extensive Urbanism in the Baltic Countries and Central/Eastern Europe

    Mass Housing and Extensive Urbanism in the Baltic Countries and Central/Eastern Europe

    Edinburgh Research Explorer Mass housing and extensive urbanism in the Baltic Countries and Central/Eastern Europe Citation for published version: Glendinning, M 2019, Mass housing and extensive urbanism in the Baltic Countries and Central/Eastern Europe: A comparative overview. in D Hess & T Tammaru (eds), Housing Estates in the Baltic Countries: The Legacy of Central Planning in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The Urban Book Series, Springer, pp. 117- 136. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23392-1_6 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1007/978-3-030-23392-1_6 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Housing Estates in the Baltic Countries General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 Chapter 6 Mass Housing and Extensive Urbanism in the Baltic Countries and Central/ Eastern Europe: A Comparative Overview Miles Glendinning Abstract This chapter provides a comparative overview of the post-war housing programmes of the Central and Eastern European post-war socialist states, arguing that they, like the Baltics, were in some ways distanced from the highly stan- dardised orthodoxies of mainstream Soviet mass housing.
  • Idea of House

    Idea of House

    IDEA OF HOUSE The Individual Residing in the Mass Produced Lois R. Weithal, The Umversity of Texas at Austin Introduction The Berlin Wall as a reference point marks the monumental political and economic changes that took place in Germany in the 20th century, but more so, the Berlin Wall reveals the divisions between East and West Germany regarding homes and domestic spaces between its construction in 1961 to its demolition in 1989. The Berlin Wall has had its greatest impact upon East German domestic architecture with the construction of housing complexes called Plattenbau, which Fig. 2. View from were built by the German Democratic Republic (GDR) throughout the Fernsehturm the 1970's and 1980's. As one travels through the former East, looking East. these Plattenbau dot the East German landscape and can be seen in cities such as Rostock in the north, and eastern Germany such as Berlin, Leipzig, Dresden and Dessau. This paper looks at the homes a link betweemthese issues as the government must find a way to built in East Berlin prior to the collapse of the Berlin Wall and then keep the buildings occupied while renovating them and their examines the ways in which the new government has sought to surrounding landscape. incorporate the homes from the East into a "new" Germany following unification. The government's inheritance of the Plattenbau City planning maps and aerial views of a divided Berlin allow us to challenges them to address a new set of social and technical issues examine the different approaches to reconstruction that took place in regards to integration.