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On the wood anatomy of the tribe “Olmedieae” (Moraceae) and the position of the genus Olmedia R. & P. Alberta+M.W. MennegaandMarijke Lanzing-Vinkenborg Instituut voorSystematische Plantkunde,Utrecht SUMMARY The structure ofthe wood ofthe Olmedia genera Castilla, Helicostylis, Maquira, Naucleopsis, , Perebeaand Pseudolmedia,considered to belongin the Olmedieae (cf. Berg 1972) is described. The in anatomical between the is and it is hard to diversity structure genera small, distinguish Maquira, Perebea and Pseudolmedia from each other. Castilla can be recognized by its thin- walled and wide-lumined fibres, Helicostylis by its parenchyma distribution, Naucleopsis (usually) by its more numerous vessels with a smaller diameter. A more marked difference is shown the Olmedia with banded instead of by monotypic genus apotracheal parenchyma the aliform confluent-banded of the other paratracheal to parenchyma genera. Septate which characteristic for the other - of fibres, are genera some species Helicostylis excepted - are nearly completely absent in Olmedia. This structural difference is considered as an in of the exclusion Olmedia from tribe Olmedieae argument favour of the (Berg 1977). 1. INTRODUCTION The structure of the secondary wood of the Moraceae shows in comparison to that of other families rather uniform This is true many a pattern. particularly for most genera of the tribe Olmedieae. Differences are mainly found in size and numberof vessels, absence of fibres, and in the distribu- or presence septate tion and quantity ofaxial parenchyma. Besides the description of the Moraceae have Tippo’s in Metcalfe& Chalk’s Anatomy ofthe Dicotyledons (1950), we the and of the American (1938) account of family a treatment genera by Record & Hess (1940). The latter authors pointed out how unreliable their from because the botanists who material was, even originating type trees, proposed the new species were sometimes uncertain as to the genera to which these species should be assigned. In recent time several taxonomic revisions were published among which Berg’s (1972) “Revision of the Neotropical Olmedieae and Brosimeae.” of the While Berg studied the taxonomy Olmedieae, the second author in- vestigated the wood structure of our materialof the genera at that time con- sidered to belong to the Olmedieae. It appeared from her study (unpublished doctorate thesis) that differences in wood structure between the species, although small, do enable a certain arrangement into groups. She drew her conclusions from anatomy independantly from Berg’s taxonomical results. A subsequent comparison of their respective conclusions showed that the 2 A. M, W. MENNEGA AND M. LANZING-VINKENBORG arrangement of the wood samples agreed remarkably well with the taxonomic arrangement. It seemed desirable to wait with publication of the results of the anatomical until additionalmaterial in not investigation genera or poorly represented up till then would be available. As from table all appears 1 seven genera which, according to Berg (1972), constitute the tribe Olmedieae are now represented in most others the Olmedia is a satisfactory way. Among genus now represented. In a recent paper Berg (1976) points out that the genus Olmedia must be excluded from the tribe Olmedieae for various reasons. This necessitated a redefinition of the tribe and for Castilleae a new name it: C. C. Berg. For practical reasons the present paper still refers to the Olmedieae in the former wide sense. 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS The material is listed in table I. In the table the revised names as well as the scientific wood names which accompanied the specimens received from other institutes are listed. In those cases where the material abundant was very a selection was made of the samples to be sectioned, the other ones being in- hand spected by a x 10 lens. All wood specimens are backed by herbarium vouchers which were identifiedby Berg. In the usual way sections and macerations were prepared for studying the characters. For of the microscopical some specimens softening in hydrofluoric acid previous to cutting was necessary. Macerations were made by placing wood in mixture of of acetic acid and chips overnight a equal parts hydrogen peroxide at a temperature of 60 °C. In the generic descriptions the averages for the length of vessel members and fibres are calculated from the average values for the species, the lowest and between brackets. The the highest averages being placed ranges comprise lowest and highest valuesencounteredwithin the species. 3. GENERAL ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS OF THE WOOD Characteristic for all the scattered vessels with genera are simple perforations and moderate to rather large alternate intervascular pits ranging from 5.5-10 /un; vessel memberswith short tips or without tips, and a length of about 400- The fibre tissue consists of libriformwith small the 500 /un. simple pits on radial walls. Mostly fibres are septate with 1-3 septae per fibre, but in some genera, like of the fibres Helicostylis, only part are septate and in Olmedia septate fibres are extremely scarce. In a number of the fibres gelatinous walls are nearly always present. The majority shows the long spindle form and ranges from 1700 but shorter fibres 1000 /un long, with a wider body and more in the fibres abruptly ending bayonet-like tips are also present. In Castilla are wider and thinner-walled than in the other genera; in Naucleopsis they tend to be slightly shorter than in the other genera. The ratio of fibre to vessel member 3 WOOD ANATOMY OF THE TRIBE “OLMEDIEAE” (MORACEAE) of: scabra name elegans elegans the fallax fallax lancifolia asperifolia asperifolia poeppigiana Distributed under Perebea Perebea Pseudolmedia C. C. H. H. H. H. 23141 83 7946 7948 8162 Xylarium number elsewhere MADw USw SJRw USw MGw USw USw Grosso Grosso Grosso Grosso locality Purus Mato Mato Amaz. Amaz. Amaz. Mato Mato Amapa Amaz. Amaz. Amaz. Amaz. R. Guiana Guiana Collection Guatemala Panama Nicaragua - - - - - - - - Suriname Suriname - Suriname - - - - Peru Braz. Braz. Peru Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Fr. Fr. Braz. Braz. Braz. Peru Braz. Braz. Guyana (F.D.2757) 421 2992 19852 18613 19868 M 17967 3544 1 97 2949 267M 2507 148 1409 5766 6809 8075 8521 Lind. 165 681 7081 8762 c.s. c.s. c.s. 51670 nselaar c.s. 715986 Williams & Collectors) Englesing Ellenberg Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Lindeman BAFOG BAFOG D Ellenberg Fanshawe US LI. Prance, Prance, Prance, Lanj. Pires van Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Prance, - of cm cm 5 5 cm cm cm cm cm cm cm 25 32 26 16 tree 32 24 tree cm 8 Diameter cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm branch, branch, 8 1 9 the 100 12 14 14 10 12 over over over over over large over over - - - - 1 20 20 Utrecht wood number 18026 7048 18808 8827 18427 18807 18433 20943 7946 16159 16201 20924 20944 1224 3544 5244 5342 8956 11963 7948 8162 8710 16222 20953 985 Berg Berg Rusby C. C. Material C. Ben. C. E.) et R. of Cerv. (Macbr.) (Macbr.) (P. List Hemsl. Warb. 1. elastica tunu tunu elegans elegans elegans elegans elegans pedunculata pedunculata pedunculata pedunculata pedunculata pedunculata scabra scabra scabra scabra scabra tomentosa Table Castilla ulei ulei ulei ulei ulei Helicostylis 4 A. M. W. MENNEGA AND M. LANZICG-VINKENBORG caloph.) obliqua of; obliqua name calophylla the pedunculata calophylla calophylla Distributed under Olmedia (Olmedioperebea Olmediophaena(Pseudolmedia) Pseudolmedia H. O. O. X-3885 7655 7851 7817 7886 39526 Xylarium number elsewhere USw USw USw USw USw INPAw Amapa Amaz. Amaz. Amaz. Amaz. Amaz. Amaz, Amaz. Amaz. Amapa Amaz. - - - - - - - - -- Collection locality Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Braz. Suriname Braz. Guiana Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Peru Venezuela Braz. Braz. 51743) (Maguire) 10963 45735 (Pires 15027 5 4076 4756 5299 5356 5357 5469 6712 2823 8859 c.s. 1557 8832 6347 6655 8580 661 6705 3726 c.s. 7178 8316 51834 (Maas) c.s. Collector(s) berg Lindeman Lindeman Lindeman Lindeman Lindeman Lindeman Lindeman Schulz Schulz Pires LBB Krukoff Maguire Prance Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Ellen Breteler Maguire of cm cm tree 14 18 Diameter cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm the 2 5 2 3 5 5 5 1 14 10 24 13 20 over over 17 12 Utrecht wood number 3041 3267 3672 3711 3712 3791 4539 4924 6836 9077 11698 16256 16775 19122 19400 16258 7655 7851 16208 7817 7886 8774 11746 17149 18851 Berg C. E.) Berg C. et C. (P. C. (Karst) (continued) Berg C. 1 tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa turbinata calophylla C, calophylla calophylla coriacea coriacea coriacea coriacea coriacea coriacea Table Maquira WOOD ANATOMY OF THE TRIBE “OLMEDIEAE” (MORACEAE) 5 Ducke amara of nna name maxima laurifolia laurifolia xinguana cone concinna ulei caloneura the temstroemiflora pallescens Distributed Perebea Perebea Perebea Acanthosphaera Ogcodeia under Olmedia Perebea Perebea Perebea Og. Og. Olmedia 39684 7822 7875 Xylarium number elsewhere USw INPAw USw USw Grosso Grosso Grosso Grosso Grosso Grosso Amaz. Amapa Amapa Mato Amaz. Mato Amaz. Amaz. Amaz. Mato Mato Amaz. Mato Mato - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Collection locality Braz. Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Braz. Braz. Suriname Braz. Suriname Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Suriname 1 2187 281 1083 10795 Lindeman Lindeman 19609 18241 19805 3547 4757 Jonker 51612 51803 5040 3790 8642 & & 1133 1406 6620 6687 6198 1300 1347 1392 5323 222 & 8980 c.s. c.s. c.s. c.s. c.s. (Maas) Collector(s) Krukoff Stahel Lanjouw Lanjouw Lindeman Lindeman Daniels Schulz Fires Fires LBB Prance Lindeman Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Prance Prance Lindeman cm cm cm cm 15 10 8 cm 14 tree cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm Diameter x 7 5 6 4.5 the over 10 14 5.5 10 1 over over 10 10 3 28 25 17 5 222 Utrecht wood number 16210 1644 1936 2318 3268 8597 8855 8949 9634 11210 20921 3424 19224 19340 7822 7875 7549 19277 19304 19331 19899 20901 20938 2776 Berg Berg C.
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    New taxa and combinations in the neotropical Olmedieae C.C. Berg Instituut voor Systematische Plantkunde,Utrecht In order to avoid bibliographical inconvenience it seems desirable to publish combinations before separately the new taxa and the revision of the New World Olmedieae. The sequence in which they appear below corresponds with that of the revision in preparation. Pseudolmedia & Cuatrecasas C. C. rigida (Klotzsch Karsten) ssp. araguensis Berg nov. subsp. Folia chartacea vel coriacea, acuminata, medio latitudine maxima; venae subtus prominilae; stipulae ad 10 mm longae, haud vel vix incurvatae. Perian- thium fructiferum 8-10 mm altum. Type; Ll. Williams II1049, Venezuela, Aragua, Parque Nacional (VEN). Pseudolmedia & Cuatrecasas rigida (Klotzsch Karsten) ssp. eggersii (Standley) C. C. Berg nov. stat. Basionym: Pseudolmedia eggersii Standley, Tropical Woods 42: 27. 1935. Perebea guianensis Aubletssp. acanthogyne (Ducke) C. C. Berg nov. stat. Basionym: Perebea acanthogyne Ducke, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 579. 1932. Perebea guianensis Aublet ssp. hirsuta C. C. Berg nov. subsp. Ramuli foliosi hirsuti. Folia lanceolata, subtus ad venas hirsuta; stipulae 4-5 cm longae. Inflorescendae femininae 25 mm diam.; involucrum bracteis deltoideis ad subulatis 8-10-seriatis circ. 200-400; flores circ. 60; perianthium circ. 10 mm (fructiferum ad 15 mm) altum, quadrifidum; segmenta libera 3-4 mm longa, angusta; styli circ. 4 mm longi, stigmata 3-4 mm longa, 1,2-1,5 mm lata, acuta. Type; Ducke 1792$, Brazil, Amazonas, near Tabatinga (US). Perebea guianensis Aublet ssp. pseudopeltata (Mildbraed) C. C. Berg nov.stat. Basionym: Perebea pseudopeltata Mildbraed, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 184. 1927. Perebea guianensis Aublet ssp. castilloides(Pittier) C.
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    35. ORCHIDACEAE/SCAPHYGLOTTIS 301 PSYGMORCHIS Dods

    35. ORCHIDACEAE/SCAPHYGLOTTIS 301 PSYGMORCHIS Dods. & Dressl. each segment, usually only the uppermost persisting, linear, 5-25 cm long, 1.5-4.5 mm broad, obscurely emar- Psygmorchis pusilla (L.) Dods. & Dressl., Phytologia ginate at apex. Inflorescences single flowers or more com- 24:288. 1972 monly few-flowered fascicles or abbreviated, few-flowered Oncidium pusillum (L.) Reichb.f. racemes, borne at apex of stems; flowers white, 3.5-4.5 Dwarf epiphyte, to 8 cm tall; pseudobulbs lacking. Leaves mm long; sepals 3-4.5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; petals as ± dense, spreading like a fan, equitant, ± linear, 2-6 cm long as sepals, 0.5-1 mm wide; lip 3.5-5 mm long, 2-3.5 long, to 1 cm wide. Inflorescences 1-6 from base of mm wide, entire or obscurely trilobate; column narrowly leaves, about equaling leaves, consisting of long scapes, winged. Fruits oblong-elliptic, ca 1 cm long (including the apices with several acute, strongly compressed, im- the long narrowly tapered base), ca 2 mm wide. Croat bricating sheaths; flowers produced in succession from 8079. axils of sheaths; flowers 2-2.5 cm long; sepals free, Common in the forest, usually high in trees. Flowers spreading, bright yellow, keeled and apiculate, the dorsal in the early dry season (December to March), especially sepal ca 5 mm long, nearly as wide, the lateral sepals in January and February. The fruits mature in the middle 4-5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, hidden by lateral lobes to late dry season. of lip; petals to 8 mm long and 4 mm wide, bright yellow Confused with S.
  • The Castilleae, a Tribe of the Moraceae, Renamed and Redefined Due to the Exclusion of the Type Genus Olmedia From

    The Castilleae, a Tribe of the Moraceae, Renamed and Redefined Due to the Exclusion of the Type Genus Olmedia From

    Bot. Neerl. Ada 26(1), February 1977, p. 73-82, The Castilleae, a tribe of the Moraceae, renamed and redefined due to the exclusion of the type genus Olmedia from the “Olmedieae” C.C. Berg Instituut voor Systematische Plantkunde, Utrecht SUMMARY New data on in the of Moraceae which known cladoptosis group was up to now as the tribe Olmedieae led to a reconsideration ofthe position ofOlmedia, and Antiaropsis , Sparattosyce. The remainder ofthe tribe is redefined and is named Castilleae. 1. INTRODUCTION The monotypic genus Olmedia occupies an isolated position within the neo- tropical Olmedieae. Its staminate flowers have valvate tepals, inflexed stamens springing back elastically at anthesis, and sometimes well-developed pistil- lodes. Current anatomical research on the wood of Moraceae (by Dr. A. M. W. Mennega) and recent field studies (by the present author) revealed that Olmedia is also distinct in anatomical characters of the wood and because of the lack of self-pruning branches. These differences between Olmedia and the other representatives of the tribe demand for reconsideration of the position of the genus and the deliminationof the tribe. The Olmedia described The genus was by Ruiz & Pavon (1794). original description mentioned that the stamens bend outward elastically at anthesis. Nevertheless it was placed in the “Artocarpeae” (cf. Endlicher 1836-1840; Trecul 1847), whereas it should have been placed in the “Moreae” on ac- of of count the characters the stamens which were rather exclusively used for separating the two taxa. Remarkably Trecul (1847) in his careful study on the “Artocarpeae” disregarded the (described) features of the stamens.
  • Universidad Mayor De San Andrés Facultad De Agronomía Ingeniería Agronómica

    Universidad Mayor De San Andrés Facultad De Agronomía Ingeniería Agronómica

    UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN ANDRÉS FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA TESIS DE GRADO CARACTERIZACIÓN DENDROLÓGICA DE 20 ESPECIES FORESTALES DEL BOSQUE MONTANO HÚMEDO EN LA REGIÓN DEL MADIDI Lourdes Elvira Quispe Paucara La Paz- Bolivia 2014 UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN ANDRÉS FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA CARACTERIZACIÓN DENDROLÓGICA DE 20 ESPECIES FORESTALES DEL BOSQUE MONTANO HÚMEDO EN LA REGIÓN DEL MADIDI Tesis de grado presentado como requisito parcial para optar el título académico de Ingeniero Agrónomo LOURDES ELVIRA QUISPE PAUCARA Asesores: Ing. Luis Goitia Arze ……………………… Lic. Alfredo Fernando Fuentes Claros ……………………… Tribunal Examinador: Ing. Ph. D. David Cruz Choque ……………………… Ing. Johnny Ticona Aliaga ……………………… Ing. Fernando Manzaneda Delgado ……………………… Aprobada Presidente Tribunal Examinador: …………………….. 2014 DEDICATORIA Dedicado a las dos personas maravillosas, admirables y sinceras que me dieron la vida…. A ti papá por ser un ejemplo de vida, que sabe ganarse el respeto de muchos…. A ti mamá por ser la mejor madre, amiga y compañera en las buenas y en las malas... A los dos gracias por todo. Dedicado también a ti y que desde donde estés junto a Dios, por demostrarme lo valioso de sonreír a pesar de estar pasando por malos momentos, enseñarme a agradecer cada detalle de la vida…Gracias Abuelito.. A mis hermanos de sangre Javier, Oscar y a mis hermanos y hermanas de la vida AyB, por su amistad incondicional, apoyo y cariño. Y a todas los amigos, compañeros y conocidos que aportaron con su opinión y sugerencias. AGRADECIMIENTOS Primeramente agradecer ante todo a Dios por estar siempre cuando más lo necesito y a mis padres por brindarme el apoyo incondicional….