DOCSLIB.ORG

Field Instructions for the Periodic Inventory of The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Field Instructions for the Periodic Inventory of The FIELD INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PERIODIC INVENTORY OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS 2015 FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS RESOURCE MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAM PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION USDA FOREST SERVICE THIS MANUAL IS BASED ON: FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS NATIONAL CORE FIELD GUIDE VOLUME I: FIELD DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES VERSION 6.1 Cover image by Gretchen Bracher pg.I Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . 15 SECTION 1.1 ORGANIZATION OF THIS MANUAL. 15 SECTION 1.2 THE INVENTORY. 16 SECTION 1.3 PRODUCTS . 16 SECTION 1.4 UNITS OF MEASURE . 16 SECTION 1.5 PLOT DESIGN GENERAL DESCRIPTION . 16 SUBSECTION 1.5.1 PLOT LAYOUT . .17 SUBSECTION 1.5.2 DATA ARE COLLECTED ON PLOTS AT THE FOLLOWING LEVELS .17 SECTION 1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL . 18 SUBSECTION 1.6.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION . .18 SECTION 1.7 SAFETY . 18 SUBSECTION 1.7.1 SAFETY IN THE WOODS. .18 SUBSECTION 1.7.2 SAFETY ON THE ROAD . .19 SUBSECTION 1.7.3 WHAT TO DO IF INJURED. .19 CHAPTER 2 LOCATING THE PLOT . 21 SECTION 2.1 LOCATING AN ESTABLISHED PLOT . 21 SUBSECTION 2.1.1 NAVIGATING WITH PHOTOGRAPHY. .21 SUBSECTION 2.1.2 NAVIGATING WITH GPS . .21 SUBSECTION 2.1.3 NAVIGATING WITH REFERENCE POINT (RP) DATA . .22 SUBSECTION 2.1.4 REVERSE REFERENCE POINT (RP) METHOD . .22 SECTION 2.2 ESTABLISHED PLOT ISSUES . 22 SUBSECTION 2.2.1 DIFFICULTY FINDING ESTABLISHED PLOTS. 22 SUBSECTION 2.2.2 INCORRECTLY INSTALLED PLOT . .23 SUBSECTION 2.2.3 INCORRECTLY INSTALLED SUBPLOT OR MICROPLOT. .23 SUBSECTION 2.2.4 PC STAKE OR SUBPLOT/MICROPLOT PIN MISSING OR MOVED . .23 SUBSECTION 2.2.5 LOST SUBPLOT . .24 SUBSECTION 2.2.6 LOST PLOT (REPLACEMENT PLOT) . .24 SECTION 2.3 LOCATING NEW PLOTS. 24 SUBSECTION 2.3.1 INSTALLING A PLOT WITH TARGET (TGT) COORDINATES . .24 SECTION 2.4 CIRCUMSTANCES PRECLUDING PLOT ESTABLISHMENT/ MEASUREMENT. 25 CHAPTER 3 PLOT LAYOUT AND REFERENCING . 27 SECTION 3.1 PLOT DESIGN . 27 of Contents Table SUBSECTION 3.1.1 PLOT LAYOUT . .27 SUBSECTION 3.1.2 PLOT DIMENSIONS . .27 SECTION 3.2 PLOT ESTABLISHMENT. 28 SUBSECTION 3.2.1 PLOT ESTABLISHMENT GUIDELINES. .28 SUBSECTION 3.2.2 PLOT INTEGRITY . .28 SUBSECTION 3.2.3 NEW PLOT ESTABLISHMENT TOLERANCES. .29 pg.II SECTION 3.3 MONUMENTING AND REFERENCING PLOT CENTER . 29 SUBSECTION 3.3.1 THE REFERENCE POINT . .29 SUBSECTION 3.3.2 WITNESS TREES/OBJECTS . .30 SUBSECTION 3.3.3 EXCEPTIONS TO MONUMENTING PLOT CENTER. .30 SECTION 3.4 MONUMENTING AND REFERENCING SUBPLOTS 2 THROUGH 4 31 SUBSECTION 3.4.1 LOCATE AND MONUMENT SUBPLOT CENTER . .31 SUBSECTION 3.4.2 ESTABLISH SUBPLOTS WHEN PLOT CENTER IS INACCESSIBLE . .31 SUBSECTION 3.4.3 LOCATE AND MONUMENT THE MICROPLOT . .32 SECTION 3.5 MONUMENTING AND REFERENCING ENTIRELY NONFOREST PLOTS . 32 SUBSECTION 3.5.1 NONFOREST PLOTS WITH MEASUREABLE NONFOREST. .32 SUBSECTION 3.5.2 NONFOREST PLOTS WITHOUT MEASURABLE NONFOREST . .32 CHAPTER 4 PLOT LEVEL DATA . 33 SECTION 4.1 LOST PLOT/REPLACEMENT PLOT. 33 SUBSECTION 4.1.1 LOST ANNUAL PLOT. .33 SUBSECTION 4.1.2 REPLACEMENT PLOT. .33 SECTION 4.2 PLOT LEVEL DATA DOWNLOADED TO THE PDR. 33 SUBSECTION 4.2.1 PLOT LEVEL DATA ITEMS . .34 ITEM 4.2.1.1 STATE OR COUNTRY (CORE 1.1) . 34 ITEM 4.2.1.2 ISLAND (PACI) . 34 ITEM 4.2.1.3 COUNTY (CORE 1.2) . 34 ITEM 4.2.1.4 PLOT NUMBER (CORE 1.3). 34 ITEM 4.2.1.5 CYCLE (PNW) . 35 ITEM 4.2.1.6 SUBCYCLE (PNW) . 35 ITEM 4.2.1.7 FIELD GUIDE VERSION (CORE 1.12). .35 ITEM 4.2.1.8 PDR STARTING DATA RECORDER VERSION NUMBER (PNW) . 35 ITEM 4.2.1.9 PDR ENDING DATA RECORDER VERSION NUMBER (PNW) . 35 ITEM 4.2.1.10 DECLINATION (CORE OPTIONAL 1.14) . 36 ITEM 4.2.1.11 CHANGE MATRIX REQUIRED (PNW). 36 ITEM 4.2.1.12 P2 VEGETATION SAMPLING STATUS (CORE OPTIONAL 8.3.1) . 36 ITEM 4.2.1.13 LEVEL OF DETAIL (CORE OPTIONAL 8.3.2) . 37 ITEM 4.2.1.14 INVASIVE PLANT SAMPLING STATUS (CORE OPTIONAL 9.3) . 37 ITEM 4.2.1.15 INVASIVE PLANT SPECIMEN COLLECTION RULE (CORE OPTIONAL 9.12) . 37 ITEM 4.2.1.16 DWM SAMPLING STATUS (BASE) . .38 ITEM 4.2.1.17 SURVEY GRADE GPS SUBPLOT ROVER FILES COLLECTED (PNW) . 38 ITEM 4.2.1.18 YEAR OF PREVIOUS INVENTORY (PNW) . 38 ITEM 4.2.1.19 MONTH OF PREVIOUS INVENTORY (PNW) . 38 SECTION 4.3 PLOT LEVEL DATA COLLECTED IN THE FIELD . 39 SUBSECTION 4.3.1 CREW VISIT INFORMATION . .39 ITEM 4.3.1.1 SAMPLE METHOD CODE (PNW) . .39 ITEM 4.3.1.2 QA STATUS (CORE 1.17) . 39 ITEM 4.3.1.3 CREW NUMBER (CORE 1.18) . 39 SUBSECTION 4.3.2 CURRENT DATE OF INVENTORY . .40 ITEM 4.3.2.1 YEAR (CORE 1.13.1) . 40 ITEM 4.3.2.2 MONTH (CORE 1.13.2). 40 ITEM 4.3.2.3 DAY (CORE 1.13.3) . 40 SUBSECTION 4.3.3 TIME SPENT ON PLOT . .40 ITEM 4.3.3.1 TRAVEL TIME TO PLOT (PNW). 40 ITEM 4.3.3.2 MEASUREMENT TIME ON PLOT (PNW) . 41 ITEM 4.3.3.3 TRAVEL TIME FROM PLOT (PNW) . .41 SUBSECTION 4.3.4 PLOT LEVEL FUNDAMENTALS . .41 ITEM 4.3.4.1 PLOT STATUS (CORE 1.4) . 41 Table of Contents pg.III ITEM 4.3.4.2 PLOT NONSAMPLED REASON (CORE 1.7) . 42 ITEM 4.3.4.3 NONFOREST SAMPLING.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Calophyllum Inophyllum L
    Calophyllum inophyllum L. Guttiferae poon, beach calophyllum LOCAL NAMES Bengali (sultanachampa,punnang,kathchampa); Burmese (ph’ông,ponnyet); English (oil nut tree,beauty leaf,Borneo mahogany,dilo oil tree,alexandrian laurel); Filipino (bitaog,palo maria); Hindi (surpunka,pinnai,undi,surpan,sultanachampa,polanga); Javanese (njamplung); Malay (bentagor bunga,penaga pudek,pegana laut); Sanskrit (punnaga,nagachampa); Sinhala (domba); Swahili (mtondoo,mtomondo); Tamil (punnai,punnagam,pinnay); Thai (saraphee neen,naowakan,krathing); Trade name (poon,beach calophyllum); Vietnamese (c[aa]y m[uf]u) Calophyllum inophyllum leaves and fruit (Zhou Guangyi) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Calophyllum inophyllum is a medium-sized tree up to 25 m tall, sometimes as large as 35 m, with sticky latex either clear or opaque and white, cream or yellow; bole usually twisted or leaning, up to 150 cm in diameter, without buttresses. Outer bark often with characteristic diamond to boat- shaped fissures becoming confluent with age, smooth, often with a yellowish or ochre tint, inner bark usually thick, soft, firm, fibrous and laminated, pink to red, darkening to brownish on exposure. Crown evenly conical to narrowly hemispherical; twigs 4-angled and rounded, with plump terminal buds 4-9 mm long. Shade tree in park (Rafael T. Cadiz) Leaves elliptical, thick, smooth and polished, ovate, obovate or oblong (min. 5.5) 8-20 (max. 23) cm long, rounded to cuneate at base, rounded, retuse or subacute at apex with latex canals that are usually less prominent; stipules absent. Inflorescence axillary, racemose, usually unbranched but occasionally with 3-flowered branches, 5-15 (max. 30)-flowered. Flowers usually bisexual but sometimes functionally unisexual, sweetly scented, with perianth of 8 (max.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Differential Responses of Co-Dominant Canopy Species to Sudden and Severe Drought in a Mediterranean-Climate Type Forest
    Forests 2015, 6, 2082-2091; doi:10.3390/f6062082 OPEN ACCESS forests ISSN 1999-4907 www.mdpi.com/journal/forests Communication Early Differential Responses of Co-dominant Canopy Species to Sudden and Severe Drought in a Mediterranean-climate Type Forest Katinka X. Ruthrof 1,*, George Matusick 1,2 and Giles E. St. J. Hardy 1 1 Centre of Excellence for Climate Change, Woodland and Forest Health, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia; E-Mails: [email protected] (G.M.); G.Hardy@ murdoch.edu.au (G.E.S.J.H.) 2 The Nature Conservancy, Georgia Chapter, Chattahoochee Fall Line Conservation Office, Fort Benning, GA 31905, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-893-602-605; Fax: +61-893-606-303. Academic Editor: Steven Jansen Received: 7 April 2015 / Accepted: 3 June 2015 / Published: 9 June 2015 Abstract: Globally, drought and heat-induced forest disturbance is garnering increasing concern. Species from Mediterranean forests have resistance and resilience mechanisms to cope with drought and differences in these ecological strategies will profoundly influence vegetation composition in response to drought. Our aim was to contrast the early response of two co-occurring forest species, Eucalyptus marginata and Corymbia calophylla, in the Northern Jarrah Forest of southwestern Australia, following a sudden and severe drought event. Forest plots were monitored for health and response, three and 16 months following the drought. Eucalyptus marginata was more susceptible to partial and complete crown dieback compared to C. calophylla, three months after the drought. However, resprouting among trees exhibiting complete crown dieback was similar between species.
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook Publication.Pub
    Table of Contents Maui County’s Landscape and Gardening Handbook Xeriscaping in Maui County ................................................................. 1 Planning and Design................................................................................................................. 1 Hydro-zones.............................................................................................................................. 1 Plant Selection and the Maui jkCounty Planting Zones............................................................ 2 Soil Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 4 Mulching.................................................................................................................................... 5 Irrigation .................................................................................................................................... 5 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................. 7 Other Interesting Techniques for the Ambitious ..................................... 8 Xeriscape Ponds....................................................................................................................... 8 Aquaponics in the Backyard ..................................................................................................... 9 Water Polymer Crystals ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • BORR IPT 2019A - Part 1 of 12)
    APPENDIX C ATTACHMENTS LIST (BORR IPT 2019a - Part 1 of 12) Biota. (2019b). Bunbury Outer Ring Road Southern Section Targeted Fauna Assessment. Unpublished report prepared for Main Roads Western Australia. BORR IPT. (2019a). Bunbury Outer Ring Road Southern Section Vegetation and Flora Study. Unpublished report prepared for Main Roads Western Australia. Brad Goode & Associates. (2012). Aboriginal Heritage Survey Report of the Proposed Bunbury Outer Ring Road Stage 2, Western Australia. Unpublished report prepared for GHD Pty Ltd on behalf of Main Roads Western Australia. Main Roads WA. (2018). Environmental Policy. WRM. (2019). Bunbury Outer Ring Road Southern Investigation Area: Targeted Conservation Significant Aquatic Fauna Survey. Unpublished report prepared for BORR IPT on behalf of Main Roads Western Australia. Bunbury Outer Ring Road Southern Section Vegetation and Flora Study September 2019 Executive Summary The Commissioner of Main Roads Western Australia (Main Roads) is planning for the construction of the Bunbury Outer Ring Road (BORR) Project. BORR is a planned Controlled Access Highway linking the Forrest Highway and Bussell Highway. The completed BORR will provide a high standard route for access to the Bunbury Port and facilitate proposed development to the east of the City of Bunbury. BORR will also provide an effective bypass of Bunbury for inter-regional traffic. BORR forms a major component of the planned regional road network for the Greater Bunbury area. The land requirement for BORR is identified in the Greater Bunbury Region Scheme (GBRS). The proposed BORR comprises three sections: ‘BORR Northern Section’ – Forrest Highway to Boyanup-Picton Road ‘BORR Central Section’ – The Central Section has been previously constructed however further improvements are proposed for this section, including the extension of Willinge Drive southwards to South Western Highway ‘BORR Southern Section’ – South Western Highway (near Bunbury Airport) to Bussell Highway.
    [Show full text]
  • E-Content-Januaray (2021)
    K.N.G.Arts College for women Department of Botany I B.SC ALLIED BOTANY E-content-Januaray (2021) S.NO E-CONENT 1 UNIT-I 2 UNIT-III 3 UNITIV 18K2ZAB3 ALLIED BOTANY: TAXONOMY, ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, HORTICULTURE AND ECOLOGY UNIT-I: TAXONOMY General outline of Bentham and Hooker’s classification. Detailed study and economic importance of the families: Rutaceae, Leguminosae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Poaceae. UNIT-III: EMBRYOLOGY Structure of mature anther and Ovule, Types of ovule. Double fertilization. Development of dicot embryo. UNIT-IV: HORTICULTURE Scope and Importance of Horticulture. Propagation method: Cutting, layering and grafting. Bonsai technique UNIT – I Dr.A.Pauline Fathima Mary, Guest lecturer in Botany, K.N.G.Arts College for Women (A). Thanjavur. UNIT III & IV Dr.S.Gandhimathi & Dr.A.Pauline Fathima Mary , Guest lecturer in Botany, K.N.G.Arts College for Women (A). Thanjavur. REFERENCES 1. Pandey B.P., 2001, Taxonomy. Of Angiosperms,S.Chand & company.Ltd.Newdelhi. 2. Pandey B.P., 2015(Edn), Plant Taxonomy. New central Book Agency,pvt Lit,New Delhi. 3. Rajaram,P.allied Botany 1983.CollegeBook Center.Thanjavur. 4. Kumar,K.N.,1999.Introduction of Horticulture ,Rajalakshmi Publication,Nagerkoil. UNIT – I BENTHAM AND HOOKER'S CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS The outline of Bentham and Hooker's classification of plants is given below. The seeded plants are divided into three classes ' Dicotyledonae,Gymnospermae and Monocotyledonae Bentham and Hooker's classification of plants t is a natural system of classification and is based on important characters of the plants. Even today this system is being followed in India, United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of Roadside Alien Plants in Hawai`I Volcanoes National Park and Adjacent Residential Areas 2001–2005
    Technical Report HCSU-032 SURVEY OF ROADSIDE ALIEN PLANts IN HAWAI`I VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK AND ADJACENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS 2001–2005 Linda W. Pratt1 Keali`i F. Bio2 James D. Jacobi1 1 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kilauea Field Station, P.O. Box 44, Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 2 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, P.O. Box 44, Hawai‘i National Park, HI 96718 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai‘i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 September 2012 This product was prepared under Cooperative Agreement CA03WRAG0036 for the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center of the U.S. Geological Survey. Technical Report HCSU-032 SURVEY OF ROADSIDE ALIEN PLANTS IN HAWAI`I VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK AND ADJACENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS 2001–2005 1 2 1 LINDA W. PRATT , KEALI`I F. BIO , AND JAMES D. JACOBI 1 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kīlauea Field Station, P.O. Box 44, Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park, HI 96718 2 Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai`i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 Hawai`i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai`i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 September 2012 This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices ( http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/ ). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
    [Show full text]
  • The Developmental and Genetic Bases of Apetaly in Bocconia Frutescens
    Arango‑Ocampo et al. EvoDevo (2016) 7:16 DOI 10.1186/s13227-016-0054-6 EvoDevo RESEARCH Open Access The developmental and genetic bases of apetaly in Bocconia frutescens (Chelidonieae: Papaveraceae) Cristina Arango‑Ocampo1, Favio González2, Juan Fernando Alzate3 and Natalia Pabón‑Mora1* Abstract Background: Bocconia and Macleaya are the only genera of the poppy family (Papaveraceae) lacking petals; how‑ ever, the developmental and genetic processes underlying such evolutionary shift have not yet been studied. Results: We studied floral development in two species of petal-less poppies Bocconia frutescens and Macleaya cordata as well as in the closely related petal-bearing Stylophorum diphyllum. We generated a floral transcriptome of B. frutescens to identify MADS-box ABCE floral organ identity genes expressed during early floral development. We performed phylogenetic analyses of these genes across Ranunculales as well as RT-PCR and qRT-PCR to assess loci- specific expression patterns. We found that petal-to-stamen homeosis in petal-less poppies occurs through distinct developmental pathways. Transcriptomic analyses of B. frutescens floral buds showed that homologs of all MADS-box genes are expressed except for the APETALA3-3 ortholog. Species-specific duplications of other ABCE genes inB. frute- scens have resulted in functional copies with expanded expression patterns than those predicted by the model. Conclusions: Petal loss in B. frutescens is likely associated with the lack of expression of AP3-3 and an expanded expression of AGAMOUS. The genetic basis of petal identity is conserved in Ranunculaceae and Papaveraceae although they have different number of AP3 paralogs and exhibit dissimilar floral groundplans.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecología Alimentaria Del Tepezcuintle (Cuniculus Paca) En Áreas Conservadas Y Transformadas De La Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, México
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Rev.Mex.Biodivers. 89 (2018): 507-515 Ecología Ecología alimentaria del tepezcuintle (Cuniculus paca) en áreas conservadas y transformadas de la Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, México Foraging ecology of lowland paca (Cuniculus paca) in preserved and transformed areas of the Lacandon rainforest, Chiapas, Mexico Yuriana Martínez-Ceceñas a, *, Eduardo J. Naranjoa, Yann Hénaut b y Arturo Carrillo-Reyes c a El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, 29290 San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México b El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Avenida Centenario km 5.5, 424, 77014 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México c Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Libramiento Norte Poniente 47, Caleras Maciel, 29000 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México *Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] (Y. Martínez-Ceceñas) Recibido: 10 febrero 2017; aceptado: 24 noviembre 2017 Resumen Conocer el efecto de la fragmentación del hábitat y las perturbaciones antrópicas es primordial para comprender los procesos de adaptación de las especies y su persistencia en los ecosistemas. Una especie adaptable a ambientes transformados es el tepezcuintle, Cuniculus paca. En este trabajo se evaluó la actividad de forrajeo, la composición y las variaciones en la dieta del tepezcuintle en 2 sitios: uno conservado y otro transformado en la Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, México. Se caracterizaron y monitorearon por fototrampeo 57 sitios de alimentación (“comederos”), en 31 de los cuales se confirmó el consumo de frutos. Comparando los sitios se encontraron diferencias significativas en el estado y cantidad de frutos y la cobertura del dosel. La dieta del tepezcuintle incluyó frutos de 20 especies de árboles, donde Ceiba pentandra y Castilla elastica fueron nuevos registros para la especie.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Lighting and Temperature on the Eggs and Hatchlings of Olive Ridley Turtles at Rushikulya, India a Thesis Submitte
    The effect of lighting and temperature on the eggs and hatchlings of olive ridley turtles at Rushikulya, India A Thesis Submitted to The Manipal University In partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Science in Wildlife Biology and Conservation 2008 By Divya Karnad Post-Graduate Program in Wildlife Biology & Conservation Centre for Wildlife Studies and National Centre for Biological Sciences UAS-GKVK Campus Bangalore – 500 065 ii iii To those who teach by example, especially my family, Arun and Sashirekha. iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) nests both sporadically and en masse along the Indian Coast. Of the three mass nesting sites along the East coast of India, the Rushikulya rookery may currently have the most regular nesting population of olive ridley turtles and is therefore likely to play a key role in maintaining the Indian Ocean population of the species. The sporadic nesting site of Chennai is completely altered by human activity and represents a set of conditions completely different from those in Rushikulya. Olive ridley turtles in India are protected and have been studied for several years but detailed studies on factors affecting nesting and hatching have not been conducted. The present study examines the effect of temperature and lighting on egg and hatchling survival of the olive ridley turtle. The response of the hatchlings to different lighting regimes on the beach, as well as to specific combinations of wavelength and intensity of light was studied. Hatchlings responded to both intense point sources of light at Rushikulya as well as glows from hidden point sources.
    [Show full text]
  • A Voyage to China and the East Indies
    PS708 .08 1771 v.1 VOYAGEA T O CHINA AND THE EAST INDIES, By PETER OSBECK, Rector of Hasloef and Woxtorp, Member of the Academy of Stockholm, and of the Society of U?jal. Together with A VOYAGE TO SURATTE, By OLOF TOREEN, Chaplain of the Gothic Lion East Indiaman. and An Accountof the CHINESE HUSBANDRY, By Captain CHARLES GUSTAVUS ECKEBERG. Tranflated from the German, By JOHN REINHOLD FORSTER, F.A.S. To which sre addci, A Faunula and Flora Sinensis, IN TWQ VOLUMES. VOL. I. LONDON, fdated for BENJAMIN WHITE, at Horace's Head, in Fleet-ftreet. M DCC LXXI. ' THOMAS PENNANT, E% O F DOWNING, in FLINTSHIRE, Dear Sir,- TH E peculiar obligations your good- nefs has laid me under, have left me no room to hefitate one moment in the choice of a patrOn for this publica- tion. This work was undertaken with your* approbation, enriched by you with many important additions, and has often been the fubjedt. of our converfation. But my obligations to you are not confined to the affiftance you have afford- ed in me this prefent work : by your fa- vour, I, who was an utter lb-anger to a 2 this : [iv] this country, have been introduced to a number of munificent and worthy friends, whofe acquaintance is both my honour and my happinefs. The fimilitude of our ftudies was what firft recommended me to your no- tice ; but your humanity was engaged to receive me to a nearer intimacy from a circumftance, which too frequently would have been the caufe of neglect the diftrefles I.
    [Show full text]
  • Dillenia Suffruticosa
    Invasive KISC Feasibility Combined Kauai Status HPWRA Impacts Status Score Score Score Dillenia EARLY HIGH RISK CULTIVATED suffruticosa DETECTION (11) 7 6 13 (shrubby simpoh) Initial Prioritization Assessment completed: December 2017 Report updated as of: N/A Current Recommendation for KISC: Pending scoring rank and committee review Knowledge Gaps and Contingencies: 1) Delimiting surveys surrounding known locations are required to gain knowledge of whether additional trees have established from cultivated sites. 2) Landowner cooperation is necessary to remove cultivated trees 3) Outreach effort is necessary to increase chances that individuals at private residences are reported. 4) An assessment of how costly/necessary it is to hire a certified arborist and equipment to haul away debris. 5) An invasive plant prevention plan designed to encourage collaboration between Botanical Gardens and local conservation agencies should be considered. Background Dillenia suffruticosa (Dilleniaceae), or “shrubby simpoh”, is a large shrub or small tree occasionally cultivated as an edible and medicinal plant or as an ornamental (Staples and Herbst 2005, HPWRA 2015). D. suffruticosa gained a KISC status of “Early Detection” in 2011, when it was detected during surveys for another KISC target in Wailua Homesteads. Plants were removed shortly afterwards based on expert opinion of its invasiveness on Oahu and the belief that it was not known elsewhere on Kauai. However, additional locations have been detected during 2015-2017 surveys. Thus, the purpose of this prioritization assessment report is to reevaluate whether KISC should attempt eradication (i.e. accept “Target” status) by scoring and comparing D. suffruticosa to other “Early Detection” species known to Kauai (See Table 5 in KISC Plant Early Detection Report for status terminology).
    [Show full text]
  • Large Scale Multiplication of Casuarina Junghuhniana Miq
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B 10 (2020) 98-105 doi: 10.17265/2161-6264/2020.02.005 D DAVID PUBLISHING Large Scale Multiplication of Casuarina junghuhniana Miq. Clonal Plants through Mini-cutting Technique Chezhian Palanisamy, Seenivasan Ramanathan, Selvakrishnan Palanisamy and Suresh Kumar Ganesan Department of Plantation, Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited, Kagithapurm, Karur, Tamil Nadu 639 136, India Abstract: The modern concept of meeting the customer’s requirements in better products at low costs in a sustainable manner is possible only through innovative methods. The nodal cutting technique is the most widely used method for large scale propagation of Casuarina, Eucalyptus and other pulpwood species in India. Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited (TNPL) has started large scale multiplication of Casuarina junghuhniana Miq. using mini-cutting technique from indoor clonal mini hedges raised in sand beds. When compared to stem/nodal cuttings, indoor clonal mini hedges raised in sand beds improve the rooting potential, quality of root systems and are time- and cost-saving. The productivity of cuttings is increased five times in indoor clonal hedge orchard than conventional stem/nodal cutting. The rooting percentage also improved to 90% without rooting hormone whereas the same is only 50% in stem cutting. The plant developed through mini-cutting technique has more lateral root system which helps the plants/trees to withstand during heavy winds. Replacing such stump derived stock plants by intensively managing indoor sand bed clonal mini hedges resulted in a noticeable enhancement of cutting capacity for adventitious rooting as well as the overall quality of the plants produced in much shorter period with easier and cheaper maintenance.
    [Show full text]