DOCSLIB.ORG

Ecología Alimentaria Del Tepezcuintle (Cuniculus Paca) En Áreas Conservadas Y Transformadas De La Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, México

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ecología Alimentaria Del Tepezcuintle (Cuniculus Paca) En Áreas Conservadas Y Transformadas De La Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, México Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Rev.Mex.Biodivers. 89 (2018): 507-515 Ecología Ecología alimentaria del tepezcuintle (Cuniculus paca) en áreas conservadas y transformadas de la Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, México Foraging ecology of lowland paca (Cuniculus paca) in preserved and transformed areas of the Lacandon rainforest, Chiapas, Mexico Yuriana Martínez-Ceceñas a, *, Eduardo J. Naranjoa, Yann Hénaut b y Arturo Carrillo-Reyes c a El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, 29290 San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México b El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Avenida Centenario km 5.5, 424, 77014 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México c Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Libramiento Norte Poniente 47, Caleras Maciel, 29000 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México *Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] (Y. Martínez-Ceceñas) Recibido: 10 febrero 2017; aceptado: 24 noviembre 2017 Resumen Conocer el efecto de la fragmentación del hábitat y las perturbaciones antrópicas es primordial para comprender los procesos de adaptación de las especies y su persistencia en los ecosistemas. Una especie adaptable a ambientes transformados es el tepezcuintle, Cuniculus paca. En este trabajo se evaluó la actividad de forrajeo, la composición y las variaciones en la dieta del tepezcuintle en 2 sitios: uno conservado y otro transformado en la Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, México. Se caracterizaron y monitorearon por fototrampeo 57 sitios de alimentación (“comederos”), en 31 de los cuales se confirmó el consumo de frutos. Comparando los sitios se encontraron diferencias significativas en el estado y cantidad de frutos y la cobertura del dosel. La dieta del tepezcuintle incluyó frutos de 20 especies de árboles, donde Ceiba pentandra y Castilla elastica fueron nuevos registros para la especie. Se encontró una semejanza del 40% en la composición de especies arbóreas consumidas entre sitios, por lo que el tepezcuintle diversifica su dieta aprovechando frutos de especies cultivadas. Palabras clave: Dieta; Frugívoro; Fragmentación; Tepezcuintle Abstract Recognizing the effect of habitat fragmentation and anthropic disturbances is crucial to understand the processes of species adaptation and their persistence in ecosystems. One species adaptable to transformed environments is the paca, Cuniculus paca. We assessed the foraging activity, composition and variations in the paca diet in pristine and transformed sites in the Lacandon Forest, Chiapas, Mexico. Fifty-seven feeding sites ("feeders") were characterized and monitored through camera-trapping. Fruit consumption by pacas was confirmed in 31 of those sites. A significant difference in fruit condition and quantity and canopy cover, were found when comparing sites. The paca diet included fruits of 20 tree species, where Ceiba pentandra and Castilla elastica were new records for the species. A 40% similarity was found in the composition of tree species consumed between sites, so that the paca diversifies its diet by taking advantage of cultivated species fruits. Keywords: Diet; Frugivorous; Fragmentation; Lowland paca ISSN versión electrónica: 2007-8706; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología. Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2018.2.2127 508 Y. Martínez-Ceceñas et al. / Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 89 (2018): 507-515 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2018.2.2127 Introducción incompletos debido a que es un animal elusivo de hábitos nocturnos (Beck-King et al., 1999). Los objetivos de esta La deforestación, la fragmentación y en general los investigación son: 1) describir los hábitos de alimentación cambios en la vegetación a causa de las actividades del tepezcuintle; 2) estimar la riqueza de especies vegetales humanas han influido en los procesos ecológicos y en que componen su dieta, y 3) comparar la composición las interacciones entre especies de flora y fauna silvestres de la dieta y la frecuencia de consumo del tepezcuintle como la competencia, depredación, herbívoría y frugivoría en un sitio conservado y un sitio perturbado en la Selva (Rodríguez-Rojas, 2005). Aunado a ello, el cambio de Lacandona. uso del suelo para la producción agropecuaria y la caza indiscriminada de especies han producido cambios Materiales y métodos importantes en las poblaciones de mamíferos y otras especies de fauna silvestre (Camargo-Sanabria y Mendoza, El área de estudio se ubicó en la sección sureste de la 2016; Naranjo, 2000). Reserva de la Biosfera Montes Azules (REBIMA) y en el Una de las especies que se ha mencionado que puede ejido aledaño Reforma Agraria, en la Selva Lacandona, adaptarse a los ambientes transformados es el tepezcuintle, Chiapas, México (fig. 1). En el ejido se desarrollan el Cuniculus paca. Este roedor juega un papel importante ecoturismo, en una reserva comunitaria de 1,463 ha de en la dinámica de los bosques tropicales, principalmente selva alta y mediana perennifolia; la agricultura, con 172 como consumidor y dispersor de semillas (Bonilla-Morales ha de cultivos anuales entre los que destacan el maíz y el et al., 2013; Cuarón, 1985). Por ello, si la abundancia frijol; y la ganadería, con 768 ha de potreros (García y poblacional de este roedor disminuyera, probablemente González, 2015). El ejido se ubica dentro de la cuenca del también disminuya la diversidad y supervivencia de río Lacantún, el cual representa una barrera natural que lo muchas especies vegetales en el neotrópico (Cuarón, 1985; divide de la REBIMA; lo surcan de oeste a este 2 arroyos Dirzo y Miranda, 1991). Además, el tepezcuintle es un principales: el Venado hacia el norte y el Remolino hacia eslabón importante en la cadena alimenticia al formar parte el sur del ejido (García y González, 2015). La REBIMA de la dieta de varios carnívoros (Eisenberg y Redford, cuenta con una superficie de 331,200 ha que corresponde 1999; Rodríguez-Rojas, 2005). al 34.6% de la superficie de la Selva Lacandona (Semarnat, El tepezcuintle es un consumidor oportunista y su 2000). Tiene un gradiente altitudinal que va desde los 200 dieta cambia a lo largo de su área de distribución y de m en el río Lacantún hasta los 1,500 m en la región norte de acuerdo a la variación estacional y producción de frutos la reserva. En cuanto a vertebrados, se han registrado 112 (Dubost y Henry, 2006; Gallina, 1981). Debido a que especies de peces, 54 de reptiles, 23 de anfibios, 341 aves estos animales no necesariamente consumen frutos en y 112 de mamíferos (Semarnat, 2000). En la REBIMA se proporción a su disponibilidad en el bosque, es difícil encuentran representados todos los órdenes de mamíferos establecer una relación directa entre la disponibilidad y terrestres y 24.8% del total de mamíferos de México. De el uso de recursos alimentarios. El conocimiento de la las 112 especies presentes, 17 son endémicas y algunas dieta y hábitos alimenticios del tepezcuintle se ha logrado en gran parte por observaciones realizadas en cautiverio (Beck-King et al., 1999; Smythe, 1997). Sin embargo, en los estudios realizados en vida silvestre se han logrado registrar 75 especies de frutos correspondientes a 63 familias que conforman la dieta del tepezcuintle (Beck- King et al., 1999; Figueroa-de León et al., 2017; Gallina, 1981; Muñoz et al., 2002; Zucaratto et al., 2010). En estos estudios, algunas de las especies que se han reportado con mayor frecuencia en la dieta del tepezcuintle son el jobo Spondias mombin, el sonzapote Lycania platypus, aguacate Persea americana, plátano Musa paradisiaca y cacao Theobroma cacao. Para este roedor, al igual que para muchos mamíferos tropicales, todavía no es posible responder sobre algunos aspectos de su historia natural (i.e., hábitos de alimentación, conducta, cuidado parental), ya que por lo general los Figura 1. Mapa del área de estudio al sureste de Chiapas, México, estudios realizados en campo resultan parcializados e derivada de imagen SPOT (2011). Y. Martínez-Ceceñas et al. / Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 89 (2018): 507-515 509 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2018.2.2127 otras como el jaguar Panthera onca, ocelote Leopardus que resultaron ser compartidas en ambos sitios (mamey pardalis, el tapir Tapirus bairdii, el pecarí de collar Pecari Pouteria sapota, ramón Brosimum alicastrum y corozo tajacu y el pecarí de labios blancos Tayassu pecari se Attalea butyracea), se tomaron en cuenta para describir encuentran dentro de alguna categoría de protección los hábitos alimentarios del tepezcuintle. (Semarnat, 2010). A partir de los datos obtenidos de las especies que Entre enero y junio de 2016 se llevaron a cabo 6 visitas consume el tepezcuintle (tabla 1) y tomando en cuenta al área de estudio con intervalos de alrededor de 28 días. los FSMI, se estimó la riqueza de la dieta para cada En la REBIMA se realizaron solamente 5 visitas debido a sitio de estudio durante todo el periodo de muestreo. las condiciones ambientales adversas como la creciente del Posteriormente se obtuvo el coeficiente de similitud de río Lacantún y limitaciones de transporte para el acceso a Sorensen (Magurran, 1988), para determinar el grado de la misma. En cada área se estableció una franja de ancho semejanza entre las comunidades de árboles cuyos frutos fijo de 50 × 3,000 m a lo largo del río Lacantún, lo que se encontraron en ambos sitios de muestreo. También se corresponde a la longitud territorial aproximada del ejido realizó la prueba de Suma de rangos de Wilcoxon con Reforma Agraria. corrección de continuidad (Crowley, 2005) para comparar En febrero, abril y junio de 2016 se realizó una búsqueda las frecuencias de consumo de cada especie en cada intensiva de comederos potencialmente utilizables por comedero, con fototrampeo y los FSMI, para cada sitio los tepezcuintles a lo largo de la franja previamente y mes. Para aquellas especies compartidas entre sitios y establecida, con la finalidad de tomar en cuenta aquellas registradas mediante fototrampeo, se estimó la frecuencia especies vegetales con distinta fenología.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (Moraceae) and the Position of the Genus Olmedia R. & P
    On the wood anatomy of the tribe “Olmedieae” (Moraceae) and the position of the genus Olmedia R. & P. Alberta+M.W. MennegaandMarijke Lanzing-Vinkenborg Instituut voorSystematische Plantkunde,Utrecht SUMMARY The structure ofthe wood ofthe Olmedia genera Castilla, Helicostylis, Maquira, Naucleopsis, , Perebeaand Pseudolmedia,considered to belongin the Olmedieae (cf. Berg 1972) is described. The in anatomical between the is and it is hard to diversity structure genera small, distinguish Maquira, Perebea and Pseudolmedia from each other. Castilla can be recognized by its thin- walled and wide-lumined fibres, Helicostylis by its parenchyma distribution, Naucleopsis (usually) by its more numerous vessels with a smaller diameter. A more marked difference is shown the Olmedia with banded instead of by monotypic genus apotracheal parenchyma the aliform confluent-banded of the other paratracheal to parenchyma genera. Septate which characteristic for the other - of fibres, are genera some species Helicostylis excepted - are nearly completely absent in Olmedia. This structural difference is considered as an in of the exclusion Olmedia from tribe Olmedieae argument favour of the (Berg 1977). 1. INTRODUCTION The structure of the secondary wood of the Moraceae shows in comparison to that of other families rather uniform This is true many a pattern. particularly for most genera of the tribe Olmedieae. Differences are mainly found in size and numberof vessels, absence of fibres, and in the distribu- or presence septate tion and quantity ofaxial parenchyma. Besides the description of the Moraceae have Tippo’s in Metcalfe& Chalk’s Anatomy ofthe Dicotyledons (1950), we the and of the American (1938) account of family a treatment genera by Record & Hess (1940).
    [Show full text]
  • Flora Mesoamericana, Volumen 2 (2), Moraceae, Página 1 De 91 Inicialmente Publicada En El Sitio Internet De La Flora Mesoameric
    Flora Mesoamericana, Volumen 2 (2), Moraceae, página 1 de 91 Inicialmente publicada en el sitio internet de la Flora Mesoamericana, 7 dic. 2012; actualizado 12 dic. 2012. 103. MORACEAE Descripción de la familia y clave genérica por C.C. Berg. Árboles, arbustos, trepadoras leñosas o hierbas, terrestres o hemiepifíticas, dioicas o monoicas, con látex. Hojas alternas, en espiral o dísticas; lámina basalmente adnata o rara vez peltada, los márgenes enteros o incisos, las nervaduras pinnadas o subpalmadas; estípulas completamente amplexicaules a laterales, libres o connatas. Inflorescencias generalmente en pares, unisexuales o bisexuales, racemosas, espigadas, globoso-capitadas, capitadas con un receptáculo discoide a ciatiforme (y después a veces con involucro o sin este), con receptáculo urceolado, multifloro a unifloro, bracteado. Flores unisexuales, libres o connatas o a veces también adnatas al receptáculo. Flores estaminadas: tépalos 2-4(-7) y libres o connatos o el perianto ausente; estambres 1-4(-6), rectos o inflexos antes de la antesis; pistilodio presente o ausente. Flores pistiladas: tépalos (3)4(-8), libres o connatas; pistilo 1, ovario 1-locular, libre o adnato al perianto; estigmas 2 o 1; óvulo 1, apicalmente o subapicalmente unido. Frutos en aquenios o drupas, libres o adnatos al perianto, frecuentemente formando un conjunto drupáceo con el perianto fructífero o también con el receptáculo (carnoso); semilla grande y sin endospermo o pequeña y con endospermo; embriones varios. 37 gen. y c. 1100 spp.; 20 gen. y c. 250 spp. en América tropical. Bibliografía: Berg, C.C. Fl. Ecuador 60: 1-128 (1998); Fl. Neotrop. 7: 1-228 (1972); 83: 1- 346 (2001).
    [Show full text]
  • The Castilleae, a Tribe of the Moraceae, Renamed and Redefined Due to the Exclusion of the Type Genus Olmedia From
    Bot. Neerl. Ada 26(1), February 1977, p. 73-82, The Castilleae, a tribe of the Moraceae, renamed and redefined due to the exclusion of the type genus Olmedia from the “Olmedieae” C.C. Berg Instituut voor Systematische Plantkunde, Utrecht SUMMARY New data on in the of Moraceae which known cladoptosis group was up to now as the tribe Olmedieae led to a reconsideration ofthe position ofOlmedia, and Antiaropsis , Sparattosyce. The remainder ofthe tribe is redefined and is named Castilleae. 1. INTRODUCTION The monotypic genus Olmedia occupies an isolated position within the neo- tropical Olmedieae. Its staminate flowers have valvate tepals, inflexed stamens springing back elastically at anthesis, and sometimes well-developed pistil- lodes. Current anatomical research on the wood of Moraceae (by Dr. A. M. W. Mennega) and recent field studies (by the present author) revealed that Olmedia is also distinct in anatomical characters of the wood and because of the lack of self-pruning branches. These differences between Olmedia and the other representatives of the tribe demand for reconsideration of the position of the genus and the deliminationof the tribe. The Olmedia described The genus was by Ruiz & Pavon (1794). original description mentioned that the stamens bend outward elastically at anthesis. Nevertheless it was placed in the “Artocarpeae” (cf. Endlicher 1836-1840; Trecul 1847), whereas it should have been placed in the “Moreae” on ac- of of count the characters the stamens which were rather exclusively used for separating the two taxa. Remarkably Trecul (1847) in his careful study on the “Artocarpeae” disregarded the (described) features of the stamens.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeography, Phylogeny and Divergence Date Estimates of Artocarpus (Moraceae)
    Annals of Botany 119: 611–627, 2017 doi:10.1093/aob/mcw249, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org Out of Borneo: biogeography, phylogeny and divergence date estimates of Artocarpus (Moraceae) Evelyn W. Williams1,*, Elliot M. Gardner1,2, Robert Harris III2,†, Arunrat Chaveerach3, Joan T. Pereira4 and Nyree J. C. Zerega1,2,* 1Chicago Botanic Garden, Plant Science and Conservation, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL 60022, USA, 2Northwestern University, Plant Biology and Conservation Program, 2205 Tech Dr., Evanston, IL 60208, USA, 3Faculty of Science, Genetics Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aob/article/119/4/611/2884288 by guest on 03 January 2021 and Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Highway, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand and 4Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, PO Box 407, 90715 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia *For correspondence. E-mail [email protected], [email protected] †Present address: Carleton College, Biology Department, One North College St., Northfield, MN 55057, USA. Received: 25 March 2016 Returned for revision: 1 August 2016 Editorial decision: 3 November 2016 Published electronically: 10 January 2017 Background and Aims The breadfruit genus (Artocarpus, Moraceae) includes valuable underutilized fruit tree crops with a centre of diversity in Southeast Asia. It belongs to the monophyletic tribe Artocarpeae, whose only other members include two small neotropical genera. This study aimed to reconstruct the phylogeny, estimate diver- gence dates and infer ancestral ranges of Artocarpeae, especially Artocarpus, to better understand spatial and tem- poral evolutionary relationships and dispersal patterns in a geologically complex region. Methods To investigate the phylogeny and biogeography of Artocarpeae, this study used Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches to analyze DNA sequences from six plastid and two nuclear regions from 75% of Artocarpus species, both neotropical Artocarpeae genera, and members of all other Moraceae tribes.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Instructions for the Periodic Inventory of The
    FIELD INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PERIODIC INVENTORY OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS 2015 FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS RESOURCE MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAM PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION USDA FOREST SERVICE THIS MANUAL IS BASED ON: FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS NATIONAL CORE FIELD GUIDE VOLUME I: FIELD DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES VERSION 6.1 Cover image by Gretchen Bracher pg.I Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . 15 SECTION 1.1 ORGANIZATION OF THIS MANUAL. 15 SECTION 1.2 THE INVENTORY. 16 SECTION 1.3 PRODUCTS . 16 SECTION 1.4 UNITS OF MEASURE . 16 SECTION 1.5 PLOT DESIGN GENERAL DESCRIPTION . 16 SUBSECTION 1.5.1 PLOT LAYOUT . .17 SUBSECTION 1.5.2 DATA ARE COLLECTED ON PLOTS AT THE FOLLOWING LEVELS .17 SECTION 1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL . 18 SUBSECTION 1.6.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION . .18 SECTION 1.7 SAFETY . 18 SUBSECTION 1.7.1 SAFETY IN THE WOODS. .18 SUBSECTION 1.7.2 SAFETY ON THE ROAD . .19 SUBSECTION 1.7.3 WHAT TO DO IF INJURED. .19 CHAPTER 2 LOCATING THE PLOT . 21 SECTION 2.1 LOCATING AN ESTABLISHED PLOT . 21 SUBSECTION 2.1.1 NAVIGATING WITH PHOTOGRAPHY. .21 SUBSECTION 2.1.2 NAVIGATING WITH GPS . .21 SUBSECTION 2.1.3 NAVIGATING WITH REFERENCE POINT (RP) DATA . .22 SUBSECTION 2.1.4 REVERSE REFERENCE POINT (RP) METHOD . .22 SECTION 2.2 ESTABLISHED PLOT ISSUES . 22 SUBSECTION 2.2.1 DIFFICULTY FINDING ESTABLISHED PLOTS. 22 SUBSECTION 2.2.2 INCORRECTLY INSTALLED PLOT . .23 SUBSECTION 2.2.3 INCORRECTLY INSTALLED SUBPLOT OR MICROPLOT. .23 SUBSECTION 2.2.4 PC STAKE OR SUBPLOT/MICROPLOT PIN MISSING OR MOVED .
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Riparian Tree Communities Along a River Basin in the Pacific Slope of Guatemala
    Article Characterization of Riparian Tree Communities along a River Basin in the Pacific Slope of Guatemala Alejandra Alfaro Pinto 1,2,* , Juan J. Castillo Mont 2, David E. Mendieta Jiménez 2, Alex Guerra Noriega 3, Jorge Jiménez Barrios 4 and Andrea Clavijo McCormick 1,* 1 School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand 2 Herbarium AGUAT ‘Professor José Ernesto Carrillo’, Agronomy Faculty, University of San Carlos of Guatemala, Guatemala City 1012, Guatemala; [email protected] (J.J.C.M.); [email protected] (D.E.M.J.) 3 Private Institute for Climate Change Research (ICC), Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa, Escuintla 5002, Guatemala; [email protected] 4 School of Biology, University of San Carlos of Guatemala, Guatemala City 1012, Guatemala; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.A.P.); [email protected] (A.C.M.) Abstract: Ecosystem conservation in Mesoamerica, one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, is a top priority because of the rapid loss of native vegetation due to anthropogenic activities. Riparian forests are often the only remaining preserved areas among expansive agricultural matrices. These forest remnants are essential to maintaining water quality, providing habitats for a variety of wildlife Citation: Alfaro Pinto, A.; Castillo and acting as biological corridors that enable the movement and dispersal of local species. The Mont, J.J.; Mendieta Jiménez, D.E.; Acomé river is located on the Pacific slope of Guatemala. This region is heavily impacted by intensive Guerra Noriega, A.; Jiménez Barrios, agriculture (mostly sugarcane plantations), fires and grazing. Most of this region’s original forest J.; Clavijo McCormick, A.
    [Show full text]
  • Weed Categories for Natural and Agricultural Ecosystem Management
    Weed Categories for Natural and Agricultural Ecosystem Management R.H. Groves (Convenor), J.R. Hosking, G.N. Batianoff, D.A. Cooke, I.D. Cowie, R.W. Johnson, G.J. Keighery, B.J. Lepschi, A.A. Mitchell, M. Moerkerk, R.P. Randall, A.C. Rozefelds, N.G. Walsh and B.M. Waterhouse DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND FORESTRY Weed categories for natural and agricultural ecosystem management R.H. Groves1 (Convenor), J.R. Hosking2, G.N. Batianoff3, D.A. Cooke4, I.D. Cowie5, R.W. Johnson3, G.J. Keighery6, B.J. Lepschi7, A.A. Mitchell8, M. Moerkerk9, R.P. Randall10, A.C. Rozefelds11, N.G. Walsh12 and B.M. Waterhouse13 1 CSIRO Plant Industry & CRC for Australian Weed Management, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601 2 NSW Agriculture & CRC for Australian Weed Management, RMB 944, Tamworth, NSW 2340 3 Queensland Herbarium, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Qld 4066 4 Animal & Plant Control Commission, Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, GPO Box 2834, Adelaide, SA 5001 5 NT Herbarium, Department of Primary Industries & Fisheries, GPO Box 990, Darwin, NT 0801 6 Department of Conservation & Land Management, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, WA 6065 7 Australian National Herbarium, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601 8 Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy, AQIS & CRC for Australian Weed Management, c/- NT Department of Primary Industries & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, NT 0801 9 Victorian Institute for Dryland Agriculture, NRE & CRC for Australian Weed Management, Private Bag 260, Horsham, Vic. 3401 10 Department of Agriculture Western Australia & CRC for Australian Weed Management, Locked Bag No. 4, Bentley, WA 6983 11 Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, GPO Box 1164, Hobart, Tas.
    [Show full text]
  • (Moraceae) with a Focus on Artocarpus
    Systematic Botany (2010), 35(4): pp. 766–782 © Copyright 2010 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists DOI 10.1600/036364410X539853 Phylogeny and Recircumscription of Artocarpeae (Moraceae) with a Focus on Artocarpus Nyree J. C. Zerega, 1 , 2 , 5 M. N. Nur Supardi , 3 and Timothy J. Motley 4 1 Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, Illinois 60022, U. S. A. 2 Northwestern University, Plant Biology and Conservation, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, U. S. A. 3 Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, 52109, Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 4 Old Dominion University, Department of Biological Sciences, 110 Mills Godwin Building/45th Street, Norfolk, Virginia 23529-0266, U. S. A. 5 Corresponding author ( [email protected] ) Communicating Editor: Anne Bruneau Abstract— Moraceae is a large (~1,050 species) primarily tropical family with several economically and ecologically important species. While its monophyly has been well supported in recent studies, relationships within the family at the tribal level and below remain unresolved. Delimitation of the tribe Artocarpeae has been particularly difficult. Classifications based on morphology differ from those based on phyloge- netic studies, and all treatments include highly heterogeneous assemblages of genera that seem to represent a cross section of the family. We evaluated chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequence data for 60 Moraceae taxa representing all genera that have been included in past treatments of Artocarpeae and also included species from several other Moraceae tribes and closely related families as outgroups. The data were analyzed using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods and indicate that none of the past treatments of Artocarpeae represent a mono- phyletic lineage.
    [Show full text]
  • Jumping the Garden Fence
    Jumping the Garden Fence Invasive garden plants in Australia and their environmental and agricultural impacts A CSIRO report for WWF-Australia by R.H. Groves CSIRO Plant Industry Robert Boden Robert Boden & Associates W.M. Lonsdale CSIRO Entomology February 2005 Jumping the Garden Fence: Invasive Garden Plants in Australia © WWF-Australia 2005. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 1 875941 84 3 Authors: Richard Groves, Robert Boden and Mark Lonsdale WWF-Australia Head Office Level 13, 235 Jones St Ultimo NSW 2007 Tel: +612 9281 5515 Fax: +612 9281 1060 www.wwf.org.au Published in February 2005 by WWF-Australia. Any reproduction in full or part of this publication must mention the title and credit the above mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. First published in February 2005 For bibliographic purposes this paper should be cited as: Groves, R.H., Boden, R. & Lonsdale, W.M. 2005. Jumping the Garden Fence: Invasive Garden Plants in Australia and their environmental and agricultural impacts. CSIRO report prepared for WWF-Australia. WWF-Australia, Sydney. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of WWF. For copies of this report, please contact WWF-Australia at [email protected] or call 1800 032 551. World Wide Fund for Nature ABN: 57 001 594 074 Acknowledgments. We thank Andreas Glanznig for initiating the project and commenting throughout the gestation of this report. Dave Albrecht (Alice Springs), George Batianoff (Qld), Kate Blood (Vic), Geoff Butler and Geoff Price (ACT), David Cooke (SA), John Hosking (NSW), Greg Keighery (WA), Andrew Mitchell (NT Top End) and Tim Rudman (Tas) gave their time and experience to nominate the most important garden plants that were still for sale in their respective jurisdictions.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Instructions for the Urban Inventory of San
    FIELD INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE URBAN INVENTORY OF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA & PORTLAND, OREGON 2018 FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS RESOURCE MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAM PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION USDA FOREST SERVICE Note to User: URBAN FIA Field Guide 7.2 is based on the National CORE Field Guide, Version 7.2. Data elements are national CORE unless indicated as follows: • National CORE data elements that end in “+U” (e.g., x.x+U) have had values,codes, or text added, changed, or adjusted from the CORE program. Any additional URBAN FIA text for a national CORE data element is hi-lighted or shown as an "Urban Note". • All URBAN FIA data elements end in “U” (e.g., x.xU). The text for an URBAN FIA data element is not hi- lighted and does not have a corresponding variable in CORE. • URBAN FIA electronic file notes: • national CORE data elements that are not applicable in URBAN FIA are formatted as light gray or light gray hidden text. • hyperlink cross-references are included for various sections, figures, and tables. *National CORE data elements retain their national CORE field guide data element/variable number but may not retain their national CORE field guide location or sequence within the guide. pg.3 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . 11 SECTION 1.1 URBAN OVERVIEW. .11 SECTION 1.2 FIELD GUIDE LAYOUT . 12 SECTION 1.3 UNITS OF MEASURE . 12 CHAPTER 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION . 13 SECTION 2.1 PLOT SETUP . 15 SECTION 2.2 PLOT INTEGRITY . 15 SECTION 2.3 PLOT MONUMENTATION . 15 ITEM 2.3.0.1 MONUMENT TYPE (CORE 0.3.1U) .
    [Show full text]
  • MORACEAE Genera Other Than FICUS (C.C
    Flora Malesiana, Series I, Volume 17 / Part 1 (2006) 1–152 MORACEAE GENera OTHer THAN FICUS (C.C. Berg, E.J.H. Corner† & F.M. Jarrett)1 FOREWORD The following treatments of Artocarpus, Hullettia, Parartocarpus, and Prainea are based on the monograph by Jarrett (1959–1960) and on the treatments she made for this Flora in cooperation with Dr. M. Jacobs in the 1970s. These included some new Artocarpus species described in 1975 and the re-instatement of A. peltata. Artocarpus lanceifolius subsp. clementis was reduced to the species, in A. nitidus the subspe- cies borneensis and griffithii were reduced to varieties and the subspecies humilis and lingnanensis included in var. nitidus. The varieties of A. vrieseanus were no longer recognised. More new Malesian species of Parartocarpus were described by Corner (1976), Go (1998), and in Artocarpus by Kochummen (1998). A manuscript with the treatment of the other genera was submitted by Corner in 1972. Numerous changes to the taxonomy, descriptions, and keys have been made to the original manuscripts, for which the present first author is fully responsible. References: Corner, E.J.H., A new species of Parartocarpus Baillon (Moraceae). Gard. Bull. Singa- pore 28 (1976) 183–190. — Go, R., A new species of Parartocarpus (Moraceae) from Sabah. Sandaka- nia 12 (1998) 1–5. — Jarrett, F.M., Studies in Artocarpus and allied genera I–V. J. Arnold Arbor. 50 (1959) 1–37, 113–155, 298–368; 51 (1960) 73–140, 320–340. — Jarrett, F.M., Four new Artocarpus species from Indo-Malesia (Moraceae). Blumea 22 (1975) 409–410. — Kochummen, K.M., New species and varieties of Moraceae from Malaysia.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam. (Jackfruit) on Indomethacin-Induced Ulcer Model in Albino Rats
    Available online a t www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2015, 7 (1):81-85 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-5071 USA CODEN: DPLEB4 Effect of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Jackfruit) on Indomethacin-Induced ulcer model in albino rats Om Prakash* 1 Rajesh Kumar 1, Dinesh Chandra 1, Amit Kumar 2 and Pavan Kumar 2 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Kamla Nehru Institute of Management & Technology, Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Department of Pharmacy, Sagar Institute of Technology & Management, Faizabad Road, Barabanki, U. P., India _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The objective of present study is to investigate anti-ulcer activity of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. leaves extracts on indomethacin induced ulcers in rats and establish the probable mechanism of antiulcer activity, if any and confirm the validity of claims of the activity as mentioned in texts as traditional medicines. The leaves were extracted with methanol and anti-ulcer activity was evaluated for effects on indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration on Swiss albino rats. The various parameter used to assess anti-ulcer activity were pH of gastric contents, concentration of acid in gastric contents and gastric ulcer scoring in indomethacin- induced ulcer model. The methanolic extract (500 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited inhibition of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration, decreasing concentration of acid in gastric content and increasing pH of gastric contents. Acute toxicity study showed that there was no mortality after the application of extract in doses above 5000mg/kg. The anti-ulcer property probably acts via a reduction in gastric acid secretion. Keywords : Anti-ulcer, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Indomethacin, Ulcer, Gastric acid secretion _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION From time immemorial, medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of many debilitating health ailments of man.
    [Show full text]