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Neerl. 1-27 Acta Bot. 26(1), February 1977, p. On the wood anatomy of the tribe “Olmedieae” (Moraceae) and the position of the genus Olmedia R. & P. Alberta+M.W. Mennega and Marijke Lanzing-Vinkenborg Instituut voor Systematische Plantkunde, Utrecht SUMMARY The ofthe wood of structure the genera Castilla,Helicostylis, Maquira, Naucleopsis, Olmedia, Perebealand; Pseudolmedia,considered to in the Olmedieae (cf. Berg 1972) is , belong described. The in anatomical between the is and it is hard diversity structure genera small, to distinguish Maquira, Perebea and Pseudolmedia from each other. Castilla can be recognized by its thin- walled and wide-lumined fibres, Helicostylis by its parenchyma distribution, Naucleopsis its vessels smaller marked difference (usually) by more numerous with a diameter. A more is shown the with banded instead of by monotypic genus Olmedia apotracheal parenchyma the aliform confluent-banded of paratracheal to parenchyma the other genera. Septate fibres, which characteristic for the other - of are genera some species Helicostylis excepted - are nearly completely absent in Olmedia. This structural difference is considered as an in favour of argument the exclusion of Olmedia from the tribe Olmedieae (Berg 1977). 1. INTRODUCTION The structure of the secondary wood of the Moraceae shows in comparison to that of many other families a rather uniform pattern. This is particularly true for of the tribe Olmedieae. Differences found in size most genera are mainly and numberof vessels, absence or presence of septate fibres, and in the distribu- tion and quantity of axial parenchyma. Besides the description of the Moraceae in Metcalfe& Chalk’s Anatomy of theDicotyledons (1950), we have Tippo’s of the and of the American (1938) account family a treatment genera by Record & Hess (1940). The latter authors pointed out how unreliable their material from because the botanists who was, even originating type trees, proposed the new species were sometimes uncertain as to the genera to which these species should be assigned. recent time several taxonomic revisions which In were published among Berg's (1972) “Revision of the Neotropical Olmedieae and Brosimeae.” While Berg studied the taxonomy of the Olmedieae, the second author in- vestigated the wood structure of our material of the genera at that time con- sidered to belong to the Olmedieae. It appeared from her study (unpublished doctorate thesis) that differences in wood structure between the species, although small, do enable a certain arrangement into groups. She drew her conclusions from anatomy independantly from Berg’s taxonomical results. A subsequent comparison of their respective conclusions showed that the 2 A. M. W. MENNEGA AND M. LANZING-VINKENBORG of the wood well with the taxonomic arrangement samples agreed remarkably arrangement. It seemed desirable to wait with publication of the results ofthe anatomical until additional material in not investigation genera or poorly represented up from table till then would be available. As appears I all seven genera which, according to Berg (1972), constitute the tribe Olmedieae are now represented in a most satisfactory way. Among others the genus Olmediais now represented. recent Berg out that the Olmedia must be In a paper (1976) points genus excluded from the tribe Olmedieae for various reasons. This necessitated a redefinition for it: Castilleae C. C. For of the tribe and a new name Berg. practical reasons the present paper still refers to the Olmedieae in the former wide sense. 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS The material is listed in table 1. In the table the revised names as well as the which the wood received from scientific names accompanied specimens other institutes are listed. In those cases where the material was very abundant a selection was made of the samples to be sectioned, the other ones being in- spected by a x 10 hand lens. All wood specimens are backed by herbarium identified vouchers which were by Berg. In the usual way sections and macerations were prepared for studying the of microscopical characters. For some the specimens softening in hydrofluoric acid to Macerations made previous cutting was necessary. were by placing wood in mixture of of acetic acid and chips overnight a equal parts hydrogen of °C. peroxide at a temperature 60 In the generic descriptions the averages for the length of vessel members and fibres the values for the the are calculated from average species, lowest and highest averages being placed between brackets. The ranges comprise the lowest and highest valuesencounteredwithinthe species. 3. GENERAL ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS OF THE WOOD Characteristic for all genera are the scattered vessels with simple perforations and moderate to rather large alternate intervascular pits ranging from 5.5-10 /im; vessel members with short tips or without tips, and a length of about 400- of 500 /im. The fibre tissue consists libriformwith small simple pits on the radial walls. Mostly fibres are septate with 1-3 septae per fibre, but in some genera, like of the fibres are and in Olmedia Helicostylis , only part septate septate fibres are extremely scarce. In a number of the fibres gelatinous walls are nearly always present. The majority shows the long spindle form and ranges from 1000-1700 but shorter fibres with wider and /im long, a body more abruptly ending in bayonet-like tips are also present. In Castilla the fibres are wider and thinner-walledthan in the other genera; in Naucleopsis they tend to be slightly shorter than in the other genera. The ratioof fibre to vessel member THE TRIBE 3 WOOD ANATOMY OF “OLMEDIEAE” (MORACEAE) of: scabra name elegans elegans the fallax fallax lancifolia asperifolia asperifolia poeppigiana Distributed under Perebea Perebea Pseudolmedia C. C. H. H. H. H. 23141 83 7946 7948 8162 Xylarium number elsewhere MADw USw SJRw USw MGw USw USw Grosso Grosso Grosso Grosso locality Purus Mato R. Mato Amaz. Amaz. Amaz. Mato Mato Amapa Amaz. Amaz. Amaz. Amaz. Guiana Guiana Collection Guatemala Panama Nicaragua - - - - - - - - Suriname Suriname - Suriname - - - - Peru Braz. Braz. Peru Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Fr. Fr. Braz. Braz. Braz. Peru Braz. Braz. Guyana (F.D.2757) 421 2992 19852 18613 19868 M 17967 2949 3544 11 2507 148 97 1409 5766 165 267M 6809 8075 8521 Lind. 68 7081 8762 c.s. c.s. c.s. 51670 nselaar c.s. 715986 Williams & Collector(s) Englesing Ellenberg Lindeman D Ellenberg Fanshawe US Krukoff Krukoff Prance, Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Prance, Prance, Lanj. BAFOG BAFOG Pires van Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Prance, - El. of cm cm 5 5 cm cm cm cm cm cm cm 16 tree tree cm 25 32 26 8 32 24 Diameter branch, branch, cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm the 100 12 14 14 8 10 12 9 over over over over over large over over - - - - 11 20 20 Utrecht wood number 18026 7048 18808 8827 18427 18807 18433 20943 7946 16159 16201 20924 20944 1224 3544 5244 5342 8956 11963 7948 8162 8710 16222 20953 985 Berg Berg Rusby C. C. Material C. Ben. C. E.) et R. of Cerv. (Macbr.) (Macbr.) (P. List Hemsl. Warb. 1. pedunculata pedunculata pedunculata pedunculata pedunculata pedunculata elastica tunu tunu ulei ulei ulei ulei ulei elegans elegans elegans elegans elegans scabra scabra scabra scabra scabra tomentosa Table Castilla Helicostylis 4 A. M. W. MENNEGA AND M. LANZICG-VINKENBORG caloph.) of: obliqua obliqua name calophylla the pedunculata calophylla calophylla Distributed under Olmedia (Olmedioperebea Olmediophaena (Pseudolmedia) Pseudolmedia H. O. O. X-3885 7655 7851 7817 7886 39526 Xylarium number elsewhere USw USw USw USw USw INPAw Amapa Amaz. Amaz. Amaz. Amaz. Amaz. Amaz. Amaz. Amaz. Amapa Amaz. - Collection Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname - - - - - - - - - - locality Braz. Braz. Guiana Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Peru Venezuela Braz. Braz. 51743) 10963 45735 (Maguire) 15027 (Pires 4076 4756 5299 5356 5357 5469 6712 5 2823 8859 c.s. 1557 8832 6347 6655 8580 6705 7178 8316 661 3726 c.s. Collectors) 51834 (Maas) c.s. Lindeman Lindeman Lindeman Lindeman Lindeman Lindeman Lindeman Schulz Schulz Pires LBB Krukoff Maguire Prance Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Ellenberg Breteler Maguire of cm cm tree 14 18 Diameter cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm the 2 5 2 3 5 5 5 1 14 10 24 13 20 over over 17 12 Utrecht wood number 3041 3267 3672 3711 3712 3791 4539 4924 6836 9077 11698 16256 16775 19122 19400 16258 7655 7851 16208 7817 7886 8774 11746 17149 18851 Berg C. Berg E.) C. et C. (P. C. (Karst) (continued) Berg C. 1 tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa tomentosa turbinata calophylla C. calophylla calophylla coriacea coriacea coriacea coriacea coriacea coriacea Table Maquira WOOD ANATOMY OF THE TRIBE “OLMEDIEAE” (MORACEAE) 5 Ducke amara of nna name maxima ulei caloneura laurifolia laurifolia xinguana cone concinna the temstroemiflora pallescens Distributed Olmedia Perebea Perebea Acanthosphaera Ogcodeia under Perebea Perebea Perebea Perebea Og. Og. Olmedia 39684 7822 7875 Xylarium number elsewhere USw INPAw USw USw Grosso Grosso Grosso Grosso Grosso Grosso Amaz. Amapa Amapa Mato Amaz. Mato Amaz. Amaz. Amaz. Mato Mato Amaz. Mato Mato - - - - - - - - - - - - - Collection locality Braz. Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Braz. Braz. Suriname Braz. Suriname Braz. Braz. Braz.- Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Braz. Suriname 1 2187 281 1083 10795 Lindeman Lindeman 19609 18241 19805 3547 4757 Jonker 51612 51803 5040 3790 8642 & & 1133 1406 6620 6687 6198 1300 1347 1392 5323 222 & 8980 c.s. c.s. c.s. c.s. c.s. (Maas) Collector(s) Krukoff Stahel Lanjouw Lanjouw Lindeman Lindeman Daniels Schulz Pires Pires LBB Prance Lindeman Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Krukoff Prance Prance Lindeman cm cm cm cm 15 10 14 8 cm tree cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm Diameter x 7 5 6 4.5 the over 10 14 5.5 17 10 1 over over 10 10 3 28 25 5 222 Utrecht wood number 16210 1644 1936 2318 3268 8597 8855 8949 9634 11210 20921 3424 19224 19340 7822 7875 7549 19277 19304 19331 19899 20901 20938 2776 Berg Berg C.
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  • Belize, March 1987

    Belize, March 1987

    THE BLADEN BRANCH WILDERNESS Report and Recommendations of the Manomet Bird Observatory - Missouri Botanical Garden Investigation of the Upper Bladen Branch Watershed, Maya Mountains, Belize, March 1987 Nicholas V 1. Brokaw and Trevor 1. Lloyd-Evans Photographs by David C. Twichell Manomet Bird Observatory P.O, Box 936 Manomet, Massachusetts 02345 USA Many people and institutions figured importantly in our expedition to Bladen Branch and in the production of this report. We thank the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Belize, for permission to work in Bladen, especially the Honorable Dean Undo, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. We are grateful to Chief Forest Officer Henry Flowers and Principal Forest Officer Oscar Rosada, of the Belize Forestry Department, for their assistance. Mrs. Dora Weyer inspired this investigation, and her aid with preparations in Belize was critical. We greatly appreciated Mr. Tony Zabaneh's assistance with obtaning porters and guides. The expert woodsmen Andres Logan and Arturo Rubio taught and helped us much during our exploration of Bladen. Fred and Mary Jo Prost made our stay pleasant and our business ef- ficient in Belize City. The W. W. Brehm Fund, of the Vogelpark Walsrode, West Germany funded the bulk of this project. The Brehm Fund paid for the time, transportation, special equipment, sup- plies, and services needed by expedition members from the Manomet Bird Observatory to investigate Bladen and prepare this report. Mr. Charles Luthin, Conservation Director of the Brehm Fund, helped conceive and guide the project. The Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA, supported plant collecting by Dr. Gerrit Davidseand Alan Brandt in Bladen.
  • LORANTHACEAE Parasitic Shruh; Usually on Woody Plants Or Rarely

    LORANTHACEAE Parasitic Shruh; Usually on Woody Plants Or Rarely

    LORANTHACEAE Parasitic shruh; usually on woody plants or rarely terres­ trial trees, the branches usually terete or angular and articulated at the nodes; leaves opposite or reduced to scales; flowers usually small but sometimes large and attractive; fruits baccate, usually small and with viscid pulp. A family abundant in species and individuals in our region, the seeds most often distributed by birds. There are 9 or 10 gen­ era in Central America, all parasites except Gaiadendron. PHORADENDRON. A large number of species in Central America, all parasitic on woody plants. Their importance de­ rives from the damage which they cause ip plantations of coffee, citrus and other cultivated trees and shrubs. Most kinds have the common name of mata palo. The taxonomy of most Phoro­ dendrons is difficult. Psittacanthus calyculatus (DC.) Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 415. 1834. Mata palo, liga de jocote, anteojo, gallito, gallinago, suelda con suelda. Economically important because of the damage caused to certain tree crops. Most often seen on Moraceae, Anacardiaceae, and Burseraceae. The plants are attractive when in flower. Mexic o to Panama. Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Schlecht. & Cham.) Blume ex Schult. Syst. Veg. 7: 1730. 1830. Matapalo. Occasionally common on Pinus oocarpa in Honduras and causing limited damage in the pine forest. Occasionally on broad leaf trees. Mexico to Panarrta. LYTHRACEAE Herbs, shrubs or trees; leaves mostly opposite, rarely ver­ ticillate or scattered, simple, entire; flowers mostly actinomor­ phic, usually perfect, 3-16-parted; calyx broad or tubular, the -200- lobes in bud valvate; petals inserted on the throat of the calyx, often crumpled in bud, sometimes fugaceous or none; stamens about as many as the calyx lobes and inserted on the calyx tu be; fruit capsular, dehiscent or not, dry.
  • Amazon Plant List

    Amazon Plant List

    Amazon Plant List The Plant list below is contributed by Dr.Christopher Dick, PhD who has worked in Amazonia for many years. Note that it is a working list and neither exhaustive nor complete. English Common Portuguese Common Plant Family Name Botanical Name Name Name Annonaceae Guatteria Envira-bobô recurvisepala Unonopsis guatterioides Myristicaceae Virola calophylla Wild nutmeg Ucuuba Iryanthera uleii Dead-bark Osteophloeum Ucuuba-amarela platyspermum Lauraceae Mezilaurus itauba Itaúba Persea americana Avocado Abacate Aniba canella Casca preciosa Aniba roseadora Pau rosa Ocotea rubra Louro-gamela Peperomia Piperaceae Ant-garden macrostachya Nymphaeaceae Victoria amazonica Amazon-lily Victoria-regia Menispermaceae Ulmaceae Trema micrantha Trema, Periquitinho Moraceae Clarisia racemosa Guariúba Naucleopsis Miratinga, Pau pica caloneura Brosimim Amapá parinarioides Cecropia Cecropiaceae Purple cecropia Imbaúba roxa purpurascens Cecropia sciadophylla Cecropia Imbaúba-torém Caruru-bravo, Bredo- Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca rivinoides Pokeweed roxo Epiphyllum Cactaceae Cactus phyllanthus Polygonaceae Coccoloba spp. Water-grape? Symeria paniculata Carauaçuzeiro Tetracera Dilleniaceae Water-vine Cipó d'agua willdenowiana Pinzona coriaceae Fire-vine Cipó-de-fôgo Caryocaraceae Caryocar villosum Piquiá Caryocar glabrum Piquiarana Margraviaceae Marcgravia Quiinaceae Clusiaceae Vismia cayennensis Lacre-branco Vismia guianensis Lacre-vermelho Symphonia Ananí used for cerol? globulifera Elaeocarpaceae Sterculiaceae Sterculia frondosa Tacacá Waltheria