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Universidad Mayor De San Andrés Facultad De Agronomía Ingeniería Agronómica

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Universidad Mayor De San Andrés Facultad De Agronomía Ingeniería Agronómica UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN ANDRÉS FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA TESIS DE GRADO CARACTERIZACIÓN DENDROLÓGICA DE 20 ESPECIES FORESTALES DEL BOSQUE MONTANO HÚMEDO EN LA REGIÓN DEL MADIDI Lourdes Elvira Quispe Paucara La Paz- Bolivia 2014 UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN ANDRÉS FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA CARACTERIZACIÓN DENDROLÓGICA DE 20 ESPECIES FORESTALES DEL BOSQUE MONTANO HÚMEDO EN LA REGIÓN DEL MADIDI Tesis de grado presentado como requisito parcial para optar el título académico de Ingeniero Agrónomo LOURDES ELVIRA QUISPE PAUCARA Asesores: Ing. Luis Goitia Arze ……………………… Lic. Alfredo Fernando Fuentes Claros ……………………… Tribunal Examinador: Ing. Ph. D. David Cruz Choque ……………………… Ing. Johnny Ticona Aliaga ……………………… Ing. Fernando Manzaneda Delgado ……………………… Aprobada Presidente Tribunal Examinador: …………………….. 2014 DEDICATORIA Dedicado a las dos personas maravillosas, admirables y sinceras que me dieron la vida…. A ti papá por ser un ejemplo de vida, que sabe ganarse el respeto de muchos…. A ti mamá por ser la mejor madre, amiga y compañera en las buenas y en las malas... A los dos gracias por todo. Dedicado también a ti y que desde donde estés junto a Dios, por demostrarme lo valioso de sonreír a pesar de estar pasando por malos momentos, enseñarme a agradecer cada detalle de la vida…Gracias Abuelito.. A mis hermanos de sangre Javier, Oscar y a mis hermanos y hermanas de la vida AyB, por su amistad incondicional, apoyo y cariño. Y a todas los amigos, compañeros y conocidos que aportaron con su opinión y sugerencias. AGRADECIMIENTOS Primeramente agradecer ante todo a Dios por estar siempre cuando más lo necesito y a mis padres por brindarme el apoyo incondicional…. Quiero expresar un sincero agradecimiento a las siguientes instituciones y personas las cuales, colaboraron con la presentación y culminación de este trabajo. Es así que agradezco al Proyecto Inventario Florístico de la Región Madidi, apoyado por el Missouri Botanical Garden (MO), en especial al Dr. Peter Jørjensen, Lic. Alfredo Fuentes, Ing. Leslie Cayola por brindarme la oportunidad de realizar el trabajo de Tesis de Grado, al concederme una beca tesis, asesoramiento y cooperación durante la ejecución del mismo. A toda la familia del Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (HNB), que en estos años llegaron a formar parte de mi diario vivir. Un agradecimiento especial al Lic. Alfredo Fuentes Claros, por su constante apoyo en el desarrollo de esta investigación. Además de compartir sus conocimientos y dedicar su valioso tiempo para el desarrollo de este estudio. A los miembros del tribunal revisor Dr. Ph.D. David Cruz, Ing. Johnny Ticona e Ing. Fernando Manzaneda por las sugerencias y recomendaciones en la redacción final del documento. A mis grandes amigos, hermanos y compañeros Gris, Vania, Ana, Marcelo, Esther Miguel, Ximena, Ramiro, Isra, José, Estef, José Miguel, Néstor, Wilson y a todos los que me apoyaron con su aliento y gran amistad durante todo este tiempo. A todos ellos MUCHAS GRACIAS INDICE GENERAL Pág. INDICE DE CONTENIDO…………….…………………………………………………..i INDICE SEGÚN NOMBRES COMUNES……….……..………………………………iv INDICE DE ILUSTRACIONES…………………………………………………………..v INDICE DE MAPAS………………………………………………………………………vii INDICE DE TABLAS……………………………………………………………………..vii INDICE DE ANEXOS…………………………………………………………………….vii RESUMEN….……………………………………………………………………………..viii ABSTRACT....……………………………………………………………………………..ix INDICE DE CONTENIDO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN……………………………………………………..….. 1 1.1. Antecedentes……………………………………………………….….… 1 1.2. Justificación……………………………………………………………… 2 2. OBJETIVOS………………………………………………..………..…… 3 2.1. Objetivo general……………………………………………………….... 3 2.2. Objetivos específicos…………………………………………..……..…. 3 3. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA……………………………………..……… 4 3.1. Superficie forestal en Bolivia……………...…………………….…......... 4 3.2. Cobertura Forestal y Áreas Bajo Manejo en Bolivia……………..…… 5 3.3. Cobertura Forestal y Áreas Bajo Manejo en La Paz……………........ 6 3.4. Importancia de productos forestales de Bolivia……………................ 6 3.5. Bosques montanos húmedos…………………………………….……. 7 3.6. Clasificación de Bosque montano en la región del Madidi………....... 7 3.6.1. Piso Basimontano (< 1900 – 2100 m)……………………………...….. 8 3.6.2. Piso Montano……………………………………………………………... 9 3.6.3. Pisos Altoandino y Altimontano (> 3100 m)………………………….... 10 3.7. Especies aprovechadas comercialmente en los bosques montanos. 10 3.8. Caracterización dendrológica……………………………………….….. 11 Lourdes Elvira Quispe Paucara i 3.9. Dendrología………………………………………………………………. 12 3.10. Características de la especies………………………………….….…… 12 4. LOCALIZACIÓN………………………………………………………..… 16 4.1. Características generales del área…………………………………...... 16 4.1.1. Ubicación………………………………………………………................ 17 5. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS………………………………………..….. 18 5.1. Materiales……………………………………………………………….... 18 5.1.1. Material de campo……………………………………………………….. 18 5.1.2. Material biológico………………………………………………………... 18 5.1.3. Material de laboratorio………………………………………………….... 19 5.1.4. Material de gabinete………………….………………………………….. 19 5.2. Metodología……………………………………………………………….. 19 5.2.1. Trabajo de campo………………………………………………………… 20 5.2.2. Trabajo de laboratorio………………...………………………………..... 21 5.2.3. Trabajo de gabinete………….………………………………………….. 22 6. RESULTADOS…………………………………………………….……... 24 6.1. DESCRIPCION DE LAS ESPECIES…………………………………... 25 ESPECIE 1. Alchornea glandulosa……………………………………….…. 25 ESPECIE 2. Aniba muca ……………………………………………………. 30 ESPECIE 3. Beilschmiedia tovarensis ……………………………………. 35 ESPECIE 4. Chaetocarpus myrsinites var. stipularis……………………… 39 ESPECIE 5. Elaeagia mariae……………………………………………….. 43 ESPECIE 6. Endlicheria aurea ……………............................................... 47 ESPECIE 7. Eschweilera coriacea………………………………………… 51 ESPECIE 8. Guatteria glauca ………………………………………………. 56 ESPECIE 9. Helicostylis tomentosa ……………………………………….. 60 ESPECIE 10. Hevea guianensis…………………………………………….. 65 ESPECIE 11. Micropholis guyanensis ……………………………………… 69 ESPECIE 12. Nectandra cissiflora …………………….……………………. 74 ESPECIE 13. Ocotea aciphylla …………………….……………………….. 79 ESPECIE 14. Persea areolatocostae…………………….…………………. 84 Lourdes Elvira Quispe Paucara ii ESPECIE 15. Persea peruviana var. boliviensis…….…………………….. 87 ESPECIE 16. Protium aff. montanum ………………………………………. 92 ESPECIE 17. Protium meridionale………………………………………….. 96 ESPECIE 18. Pseudolmedia laevigata……………………………………… 100 ESPECIE 19. Sloanea obtusifolia…………………………………………… 104 ESPECIE 20. Weinmannia pinnata…………………………………………. 108 7. CONCLUSIONES…………………………………………………...….. 113 8. RECOMENDACIONES………………………………………………… 114 9. BIBLIOGRAFÍA……………………………………………………..…… 115 10. ANEXOS………………………………………………………….……… 121 Lourdes Elvira Quispe Paucara iii INDICE SEGÚN NOMBRES COMUNES Nombre común Nombre científico Pag. Aicha aicha………………...........Alchornea glandulosa………………………. 25 Cachichira…………………..……Sloanea obtusifolia……………………….… 104 Chiri pancho o Tala……………..Eschweilera coriacea……………….……… 51 Copal………………………………Protium aff. montanum ……………………. 92 Frutilla…………………………….Chaetocarpus myrsinites var. stipularis…… 39 Goma………………………….….Hevea guianensis…………….…………….. 65 Jatun saumo o Laurel blanco.... Nectandra cissiflora …………………….….. 74 Laurel amarillo………………..…Ocotea aciphylla …………………………… 79 Laurel mostaza……………….....Aniba muca ………………………………….. 30 Laurel palta.…………………..… Persea areolatocostae…….……………….. 84 Laurel……………………………. Persea peruviana var. boliviensis………….. 88 Miristi……………………………..Micropholis guyanensis ……………………. 69 Monte calvario………………….. Weinmannia pinnata………..………………. 108 Nina caspi o Aceite maría………Elaeagia mariae……………………………... 43 Nui y pichana…………………….Pseudolmedia laevigata………………….… 100 Pancho saumo…………………..Guatteria glauca …………………………….. 56 Quepu laurel……………………. Endlicheria aurea ……………..................... 47 Saumo blanco o nijñi……..…… Beilschmiedia tovarensis …………………... 35 Wisulo…………………………….Helicostylis tomentosa ……………………... 60 Yugua macho o isigo…………...Protium meridionale……..………………….. 96 Lourdes Elvira Quispe Paucara iv INDICE DE ILUSTRACIONES Ilustracion 1. Alchornea glandulosa………………………………………………… 27 Ilustracion 2. Anatomía de la Madera (Alchornea glandulosa)……………………28 Ilustracion 3. Aniba muca……………………………………………………………. 31 Ilustracion 4. Anatomía de la Madera (Aniba muca)……………………………… 33 Ilustracion 5. Beilschmiedia tovarensis…………………………………………..... 36 Ilustracion 6. Anatomía de la Madera (Beilschmiedia tovarensis)…………….... 38 Ilustracion 7. Chaetocarpus myrsinites var. stipularis……………………………. 40 Ilustracion 8. Anatomía de la madera(Chaetocarpus myrsinites var. stipularis)..41 Ilustracion 9. Elaeagia mariae……………………………………………………... 44 Ilustracion 10. Anatomía de la madera (Elaeagia mariae)………………………… 46 Ilustracion 11. Endlicheria aurea…………………………………………………….. 48 Ilustracion 12. Anatomía de la madera (Endlicheria aurea)………………………..50 Ilustracion 13. Eschweilera coriacea……………………………………………….... 52 Ilustracion 14. Anatomía de la madera (Eschweilera coriacea)……………………54 Ilustracion 15. Guatteria glauca……………………………………………………… 57 Ilustracion 16. Anatomía de la madera (Guatteria glauca)……………………….. 59 Ilustracion 17. Helicostylis tomentosa………………………………………………….61 Ilustracion 18. Anatomía de la madera (Helicostylis tomentosa)………………… 63 Ilustracion 19. Hevea guianensis……………………………………………………. 66 Ilustracion 20. Anatomía de la madera (Hevea guianensis)………………………. 68 Ilustracion 21. Micropholis guyanensis……………………………………………… 71 Ilustracion 22. Anatomía de la madera (Micropholis guyanensis)……………...... 72 Ilustracion 23. Nectandra cissiflora………………………………………………...... 75 Ilustracion 24. Anatomía de la madera (Nectandra
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