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Anatomia Ecológica E Potencial Econômico Da MARCELO DOS SANTOS SILVA ANATOMIA ECOLÓGICA E POTENCIAL ECONÔMICO DA MADEIRA DE ESPÉCIES NATIVAS DA MATA ATLÂNTICA, SERRA DA JIBOIA, BAHIA, BRASIL FEIRA DE SANTANA 2013 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE FEIRA DE SANTANA DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BOTÂNICA ANATOMIA ECOLÓGICA E POTENCIAL ECONÔMICO DA MADEIRA DE ESPÉCIES NATIVAS DA MATA ATLÂNTICA, SERRA DA JIBOIA, BAHIA, BRASIL MARCELO DOS SANTOS SILVA Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Botânica da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, como parte dos requisitos necessários para obtenção do título de Mestre em Botânica. ORIENTADOR: PROF. DR. FRANCISCO DE ASSIS RIBEIRO DOS SANTOS (UEFS) CO-ORIENTADOR: PROF. DR. LAZARO BENEDITO DA SILVA (UFBA) FEIRA DE SANTANA – 2013 Ficha Catalográfica – Biblioteca Central Julieta Carteado - UEFS Silva, Marcelo dos Santos S581a Anatomia ecológica e potencial econômico da madeira de espécies nativas da Mata Atlântica, Serra da Jiboia, Bahia, Brasil / Marcelo dos Santos Silva. - Feira de Santana, 2013. 167 f. : il. Orientador: Francisco de Assis Ribeiro dos Santos Co-orientador: Lazaro Benedito da Silva Dissertação (Mestrado em Botânica) – Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, 2013. 1. Anatomia funcional. 2. Tendências ecológicas. 3. Floresta tropical. 4. Madeira - Densidade. 5. Madeira - Qualificação econômica. 6. Tecnologia da madeira. I. Santos, Francisco de Assis Ribeiro dos. II. Silva, Lazaro Benedito da. III. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. IV. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. V. Título. CDU: 582.472 BANCA EXAMINADORA ____________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Claudio Sergio Lisi - UFS ____________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Kelly Regina Batista Leite - UFBA ____________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Lazaro Benedito da Silva - UFBA Co-Orientador e Presidente da Banca FEIRA DE SANTANA - 2013 Para Adnalva, Manoel, Suelânia, Daniel e Ana Clara, um pouco de mim. “Afinal, o essencial é isso: sobreviver e manter a paixão.” Pedro Almodóvar AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), pela concessão da bolsa e pelo apoio financeiro a essa pesquisa através do Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade do Semiárido (PPBio - Nº: 558317/2009-0). À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia, por meio do Programa de Apoio a Núcleos Emergentes (PRONEM - T.O. PNE 0020/2011), pelo apoio financeiro às coletas, além da concessão do Auxílio Dissertação 003/2012 (Pedido Nº 6698/2012 ). Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (PPGBot/UEFS), sem o qual esse trabalho não se realizaria, pelo apoio logístico, financeiro às coletas e à minha formação. A Lazaro Benedito da Silva, professor, orientador e amigo; quem me incentivou, ajudou e guiou a trilhar esse caminho até o momento. Sem ele eu jamais teria chegado até aqui. Ao professor Francisco de Assis Ribeiro dos Santos, por ter aceitado me orientar, por todos os ensinamentos e apoio. À Márcia Neves, por sempre bem disposta, responder a todos os meus pedidos de ajuda, me trazendo informações cruciais às coletas. À Reserva Jequitibá, ao Gambá – Grupo Ambientalista da Bahia e ao CPMVS - Centro de Pesquisa e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, por toda a receptividade e apoio durante as coletas. Lembrando alguns nomes importantes: Ailton Nascimento (Di), Antônio César Nascimento, Lilian Santos, Luciano Cortes, Maria Aleluia Santos (Dona Aleluia) e, principalmente, Maria Theresa Sopena Stradmann (Maite). Ao Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal e Identificação de Madeira – LAVIM e toda sua equipe, por disponibilizar a estrutura onde foi desenvolvido todo o trabalho. Aos professores do PPGBot/UEFS, principalmente aqueles que contribuíram diretamente com minha formação acadêmica: Abel Conceição, Ana Maria Giulietti, Cássio van den Berg, Francisco de Assis Santos, Lígia Funch, Luciano Paganucci e Reyjane Patrícia de Oliveira. Às secretárias Adriana Estrela e Gardênia Aires, sempre atenciosas com nossas demandas. À Plataforma de Microscopia Eletrônica do Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), pela realização das análises em Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. Ao IPT – Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas de São Paulo por ter me recebido na Xiloteca Calvino Mainieri, e me proporcionado a incrível experiência com o amigo Antônio Barbosa, com quem aprendi muito sobre técnicas em anatomia de madeira. O meu agradecimento também aos técnicos Cláudia e Chico. À Escola Família Agrícola de Jaboticaba (EFA) e ao Centro de Pesquisa e Acessória Pedagógica (CEAP), principalmente nas pessoas de Carla Grossoni, Cristiane Luz e Pe. Xavier Nichele, por terem me incentivado e apoiado a continuar estudando, me proporcionando melhores condições para tal. Meu agradecimento também à Professora Maria Ornélia Marques e Pe. Domingos Mianulli. Aos colegas e amigos de laboratório: Camilla Reis, Cássia Cristina, Eduardo Reis, Noélia Costa, Naira Costa e Weliton Maik Fernandes, por todos os momentos de descontração (e tensão) juntos, pelo apoio nas coletas e no laboratório durante o mestrado. Vocês são demais! Aos amigos e colegas do IBIO/UFBA: Ana Raquel Prates, Andressa Pitombo, Denise Aguiar, Graziele Carrascosa, Lícia Sales, Patrícia Soares, Raquel Saraiva, Ruy Martins, Tatiana Almeida, Tábata Cordeiro, Thaís Dória, pois mesmo um pouco distantes, todos vocês sempre estiveram próximos. Às professoras de estatística as quais recorri tantas vezes: Gabriela Almeida, Thaís Dória e Catalina Angel. Aos mestres nos quais busco inspiração para minha vida profissional: Alessandra Schnadelbach, Geraldo Aquino, Juarez Santos, Kelly Leite, Lazaro Silva, Lea Maria Ferreira, Lenise Guedes, Marcelo Napoli, Nádia Roque, Pedro Rocha, Ronaldo Venas, Sheila Resende, Simone Moraes e Valter Forastieri. Às professoras Kelly Leite e Sheila Resende, pelo grande incentivo, sugestões e apoio, sobretudo durante a reta final. A todos os colegas do PPGBot/UEFS, especialmente: Aline Quaresma, Cássia Bitencourt, Christian da Silva, Fernanda Afonso, Gabriela Almeida, Helen Ayumi, Luiz Junior, Marla Ibrahim, Priscila de Jesus e Taiara Aguiar. A Hilton, por ter me suportado, pelo apoio e cuidado durante todo esse tempo. Eu te amo! Aos eternos beneditinos: Gabriela Fernandes, Isabela Mendonça, Marcela Souza, Ravel Lino e Thiago Pitágoras, sem vocês eu não saberia viver! Vamos marcar?! À minha família, especialmente meus pais Adnalva e Manoel, minha irmã Suelânia, meus sobrinhos Daniel e Ana Clara, a quem dedico essa dissertação. Aos primos mais chatos do mundo: Marla, Rodrigo e Jamile! Aos meus tios, especialmente Maria Ivanilde, Marivane e Joilson. Aos demais que aqui não foram citados, mas que contribuíram para a realização desse trabalho, muito obrigado! SUMÁRIO AGRADECIMENTOS SUMÁRIO RESUMO ABSTRACT INTRODUÇÃO GERAL............................................................................................ 1 Tendência ecológica na anatomia da madeira e evolução do xilema secundário. 3 Tendências ecológicas na anatomia da madeira para o Brasil.............................. 7 Uso comercial da madeira..................................................................................... 7 Justificativas.......................................................................................................... 8 Objetivos............................................................................................................... 9 CAPÍTULO 1. Anatomia ecológica da madeira de espécies nativas da Mata Atlântica da Serra da Jiboia, Bahia, Brasil.............................................................. 15 Resumo................................................................................................................. 16 Abstract................................................................................................................. 17 Introdução............................................................................................................ 18 Material e métodos.............................................................................................. 19 Espécies estudadas........................................................................................ 19 Área de estudo............................................................................................... 20 Coleta e preparo das amostras....................................................................... 21 Análise estatística.......................................................................................... 24 Resultados............................................................................................................ 24 Discussão.............................................................................................................. 25 CAPÍTULO 2. Qualificação da madeira para produção de papel e energia de 25 espécies nativas da Mata Atlântica....................................................................... 76 Resumo................................................................................................................. 77 Abstract................................................................................................................. 78 Introdução............................................................................................................ 79 Material e métodos.............................................................................................
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