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Professor Paul Nikolai Kogerman and the Success Story of Estonian Kukersite
ISSN 0208-189X Oil Shale, 2011, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 548–553 © 2011 Estonian Academy Publishers in memoriam Professor Paul Nikolai Kogerman and the success story of Estonian kukersite Estonia is a small country on the Eastern border of the European Union. Kukersite oil shale has been an engine of its economy for a long time. The local people have had many rulers from Swedes and Danes to Germans and Russians. Estonia achieved national independence for the first time during the turmoil of World War I and the following War of Independence, also known as the Estonian Liberation War. It was a hard fight but it was even harder to develop the economic base for the newly independent country. In addition to agriculture it was important to develop national industry and energy production. The Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus had founded the University of Tartu in 1632, which became internationally well-known and developed strong scientific traditions. Foreign professors and scientists left because of the war while there weren’t almost any professors or scientists of Estonian nationality. The university had to quickly develop a national group of technical scientists to restart the studies on oil shale. The main prospective natural resource for Estonia at that time was kukersite oil shale. However, oil shale studies were in their beginning stages not only in Estonia but also worldwide. The use of local oil shale in energy production and chemical industry began in 1916, when oil shale mined in Kukruse was taken to St. Petersburg Gas Factory and oil shale gas was used to light the city. -
ALIPHATIC DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS from OIL SHALE ORGANIC MATTER – HISTORIC REVIEW REIN VESKI(A)
Oil Shale, 2019, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 76–95 ISSN 0208-189X doi: https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2019.1.06 © 2019 Estonian Academy Publishers ALIPHATIC DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS FROM OIL SHALE ORGANIC MATTER ‒ HISTORIC REVIEW REIN VESKI(a)*, SIIM VESKI(b) (a) Peat Info Ltd, Sõpruse pst 233–48, 13420 Tallinn, Estonia (b) Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia Abstract. This paper gives a historic overview of the innovation activities in the former Soviet Union, including the Estonian SSR, in the direct chemical processing of organic matter concentrates of Estonian oil shale kukersite (kukersite) as well as other sapropelites. The overview sheds light on the laboratory experiments started in the 1950s and subsequent extensive, triple- shift work on a pilot scale on nitric acid, to produce individual dicarboxylic acids from succinic to sebacic acids, their dimethyl esters or mixtures in the 1980s. Keywords: dicarboxylic acids, nitric acid oxidation, plant growth stimulator, Estonian oil shale kukersite, Krasava oil shale, Budagovo sapropelite. 1. Introduction According to the National Development Plan for the Use of Oil Shale 2016– 2030 [1], the oil shale industry in Estonia will consume 28 or 9.1 million tons of oil shale in the years to come in a “rational manner”, which in today’s context means the production of power, oil and gas. This article discusses the reasonability to produce aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and plant growth stimulators from oil shale organic matter concentrates. The technology to produce said acids and plant growth stimulators was developed by Estonian researchers in the early 1950s, bearing in mind the economic interests and situation of the Soviet Union. -
In Words and Images
IN WORDS AND IMAGES 2017 Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 The Academy Is the Academy 50 Estonia as a Source of Inspiration Is the Academy... 5 Its Ponderous Birth 52 Other Bits About Us 6 Its Framework 7 Two Pictures from the Past 52 Top of the World 55 Member Ene Ergma Received a Lifetime Achievement Award for Science 12 About the fragility of truth Communication in the dialogue of science 56 Academy Member Maarja Kruusmaa, Friend and society of Science Journalists and Owl Prize Winner 57 Friend of the Press Award 57 Six small steps 14 The Routine 15 The Annual General Assembly of 19 April 2017 60 Odds and Ends 15 The Academy’s Image is Changing 60 Science Mornings and Afternoons 17 Cornelius Hasselblatt: Kalevipoja sõnum 61 Academy Members at the Postimees Meet-up 20 General Assembly Meeting, 6 December 2017 and at the Nature Cafe 20 Fresh Blood at the Academy 61 Academic Columns at Postimees 21 A Year of Accomplishments 62 New Associated Societies 22 National Research Awards 62 Stately Paintings for the Academy Halls 25 An Inseparable Part of the National Day 63 Varia 27 International Relations 64 Navigating the Minefield of Advising the 29 Researcher Exchange and Science Diplomacy State 30 The Journey to the Lindau Nobel Laureate 65 Europe “Mining” Advice from Academies Meetings of Science 31 Across the Globe 66 Big Initiatives Can Be Controversial 33 Ethics and Good Practices 34 Research Professorship 37 Estonian Academy of Sciences Foundation 38 New Beginnings 38 Endel Lippmaa Memorial Lecture and Memorial Medal 40 Estonian Young Academy of Sciences 44 Three-minute Science 46 For Women in Science 46 Appreciation of Student Research Efforts 48 Student Research Papers’ π-prizes Introduction ife in the Academy has many faces. -
Estonian Academy of Sciences Yearbook 2018 XXIV
Facta non solum verba ESTONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES YEARBOOK FACTS AND FIGURES ANNALES ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM ESTONICAE XXIV (51) 2018 TALLINN 2019 This book was compiled by: Jaak Järv (editor-in-chief) Editorial team: Siiri Jakobson, Ebe Pilt, Marika Pärn, Tiina Rahkama, Ülle Raud, Ülle Sirk Translator: Kaija Viitpoom Layout: Erje Hakman Photos: Annika Haas p. 30, 31, 48, Reti Kokk p. 12, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 49, 52, 53, Janis Salins p. 33. The rest of the photos are from the archive of the Academy. Thanks to all authos for their contributions: Jaak Aaviksoo, Agnes Aljas, Madis Arukask, Villem Aruoja, Toomas Asser, Jüri Engelbrecht, Arvi Hamburg, Sirje Helme, Marin Jänes, Jelena Kallas, Marko Kass, Meelis Kitsing, Mati Koppel, Kerri Kotta, Urmas Kõljalg, Jakob Kübarsepp, Maris Laan, Marju Luts-Sootak, Märt Läänemets, Olga Mazina, Killu Mei, Andres Metspalu, Leo Mõtus, Peeter Müürsepp, Ülo Niine, Jüri Plado, Katre Pärn, Anu Reinart, Kaido Reivelt, Andrus Ristkok, Ave Soeorg, Tarmo Soomere, Külliki Steinberg, Evelin Tamm, Urmas Tartes, Jaana Tõnisson, Marja Unt, Tiit Vaasma, Rein Vaikmäe, Urmas Varblane, Eero Vasar Printed in Priting House Paar ISSN 1406-1503 (printed version) © EESTI TEADUSTE AKADEEMIA ISSN 2674-2446 (web version) CONTENTS FOREWORD ...........................................................................................................................................5 CHRONICLE 2018 ..................................................................................................................................7 MEMBERSHIP -
Ekki 17.Indd
Sõda ja kultuuriline pööre Jüri Kivimäe Meie sugupõlv elab ja sureb suurel ajal. Suurema jaoks olgu hoitud need, kes tulevad! Gustav Suits, 1905–1915 Ülevaade: Noor-Eesti liikumisega oli Eestis alanud kultuuriline pööre, mis jätkus Esimese maailmasõja aastail. Kui Lääne-Euroopa kirjandus vaatleb reeglina sõda kui kultuuridestruktsiooni (kultuu- rimaastiku, -väärtuste häving, gaasisõda jne), siis Eestis on muute- tegurite koosseis erinev. Sõjatsensuur küll ahistas vaba kultuurilist väljendamist, ent saksavastane propaganda ning baltisakslastele kehtestatud tegevuskeelud avasid tribüüni Eesti avalikkuse suuna- muutuseks. Sõda ei kahjustanud olulisel määral kultuurilise pöörde edenemist, vaid pigem teravdas kultuurilisi vaatenurki (saksa- vastaste ja rahvuslike ideede levik) ning laiendas märgatavalt Eesti ühiskonna kommunikatsiooni (ajakirjandus, uute väljaannete lisandumine) koos ahelmõjudega (lugemis- ja kirjaoskuse levik, geograafi liste teadmiste omandamine rindeteateist ja sõdurite kirja- dest). Artiklis käsitletakse kultuuriliste uuenduste erinevaid tahke alates Noor-Eesti küpsusajast kuni 1917. aastani. Eriline rõhk on pandud ajakirja Vaba Sõna (1914–1916) tekstikogumi analüüsile, kus tõuseb esile rahvusküsimuse ja kultuuri vahekorra arutelu, milles peegeldub kultuurilise pöörde uus kvaliteet, ja mis on üheks ett evalmistavaks teguriks autonoomia küsimuse seadmisele Eesti poliitika keskmesse. Kultuurilise pöörde kandja ja läbiviija oli val- davalt noor haritlaspõlvkond, mistõtt u vaadeldakse lähemalt selle põlvkonna kujunemise ja -
Estonian Oil Shale Industry Yearbook 2018
ESTONIAN OIL SHALE INDUSTRY YEARBOOK 2018 I Texts: Eesti Energia (EE), Viru Keemia Grupp (VKG), Kiviõli Keemiatööstus (KKT), and the Oil Shale Competence Centre at the TalTech Virumaa College (OSCC) Editor: Mariliis Beger, KPMS (www.kpms.ee) Design: Kristjan Jung Photos: The yearbook of the Estonian oil shale industry was issued by: Cover Per William Petersen “Kiviõli”, 2014 (OSCC) EESTI ENERGIA p. 6 Lelle 22, 11318 Tallinn Auvere Power Plant (EE) Phone: +372 715 2222 www.energia.ee p. 14 A wheel loader at Põhja-Kiviõli II oil shale open- VIRU KEEMIA GRUPP cast (Kaidi Sulp) Järveküla tee 14, 30328 Kohtla-Järve, Ida-Virumaa Phone: +372 334 2701 p. 26 www.vkg.ee Pine seedling (EE) KIVIÕLI KEEMIATÖÖSTUS p. 36 Turu 3, 43125 Kiviõli, Ida-Virumaa Narva Energiajooks 2018 (EE) Phone: +372 685 0534 www.keemiatoostus.ee This book is published with the support of: THE OIL SHALE COMPETENCE CENTRE AT THE TALTECH’S VIRUMAA COLLEGE Järveküla tee 75, 30322 Kohtla-Järve, Ida-Virumaa Phone: +372 332 5479 European Union Investing European Structural in your future www.pkk.ee and Investment Funds ESTONIAN OIL SHALE INDUSTRY YEARBOOK 2018 Statements from heads of companies and organizations in the oil shale industry . 4 ROLE OF THE OIL SHALE INDUSTRY IN THE ECONOMY 7 State revenue from the oil shale industry . 8 The competitiveness of the oil shale industry . 10. Operating framework . 11 . OIL SHALE VALUE CHAIN: FROM MINING TO END PRODUCTS 15 Mining permits and volumes . 16 Power . 19 . Liquid fuels . .21 . Heat . 24 . Chemicals from oil shale . 25. OIL SHALE INDUSTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 27 Investments into the environment . -
Estonian Academy of Sciences Year Book Annales Academiae
Facta non solum verba ESTONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES YEAR BOOK ANNALES ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM ESTONICAE XVII (44) 2011 TALLINN 2012 ESTONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES The Year Book was compiled by: Leo Mõtus (editor-in-chief) Galina Varlamova, Ants Pihlak (translator), Ülle Rebo ISSN 1406-1503 © EESTI TEADUSTE AKADEEMIA CONTENTS Foreword. 5 Chronicle . 7 Membership of the Academy. 15 General Assembly, Board, Divisions, Councils, Committees . 21 Academy Events . 41 Popularisation of Science . 48 Academy Medals, Awards . 52 Publications of the Academy . 55 International Scientific Relations. 57 National Awards to Members of the Academy . 61 Anniversaries . 64 Members of the Academy. 85 Estonian Academy Publishers . 97 Under and Tuglas Literature Centre of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. 101 Financial Activities. 107 Associated Institutions . 110 Associated Organisations . 139 In Memoriam . 182 Appendix 1 Estonian Contact Points for International Science Organisations . 184 Appendix 2 Cooperation Agreements with Partner Organisations . 186 Directory . 187 3 FOREWORD The eleventh year of this century was very instructive and successful for the Academy in the true sense of the word. For the second consecutive year we used the possibility granted by the new law adopted in 2010 to update the Academy’s competence and to reduce the average age of Members of Academy. We elected 7 new Members of Academy, among them also a Member of Academy in the domain of music (A.Pärt), the first in the history of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Estonia was replenished by five new Centres of Excellence in Re- search, with participation of Members of Academy. Funded by Mi- nistry of Education and Research, the Academy composed a com- prehensive and forward-looking collection of scientific articles “Re- search in Estonia”. -
Saulepi Kaartidel
Vahur Joala Saulepi valitsejad 2013 © Vahur Joala, 2013 ISBN 978-9949-30-925-2 Sisukord Eessõna 1 Saulepi ajaloost 3 Piiskoppide võimu all ehk Osilia lühiajalugu 6 Saare-Lääne piiskopkonna e. Osilia Stiftfoogtid 17 Saulepi alade ajalugu otseselt mõjutanud Rooma paavstid 18 Taani kuninga võimu all 1559-1563 24 Rootsi aeg 1563-1710 25 Tsaarivõimu ja keisririigi all 1710-1718 30 Saksa riigi koosseisus 1918 38 Balti Hertsogiriik 1918 39 Eesti Vabariik 1918-1940 40 NSV Liit 1940-1941 43 Eesti Vabariigi valitsus eksiilis 1940-1992 44 Saksa Riik 1941-1943 46 Suursaksa Riik 1943-1944 47 NSV Liit 1944-1991, Eesti NSV 48 Eesti Vabariik 1991- 55 Saulepi kaartidel 57 Mõisad ja mõisnikud 77 Vana-Varbla mõis 83 Uue-Varbla mõis 87 Vaiste mõis 89 Saulepi mõis 92 von Nasackin 94 von Lilienfeld 97 von Pröbsting 97 Banér 99 von Preutz 100 von Pistohlkors 100 von Cube 101 von Wolffelt 102 von Vietinghoff 103 Zöge von Manteuffel 104 von Handtwig 104 Stenbock Fermor 105 von Rass 105 Schmidt 106 Norrmann 108 Pastorid ja kirikuõpetajad 109 Kolhoosid ja nende esimehed 121 Kristjan Palusalu 123 Saulepi perenimedest 138 Saulepi ja Vaiste küüditatud 150 Varbla represseeritud ja küüditatud 154 Ühe talu kroonika 164 Kasutatud algallikad 172 Eessõna Lugejal võib tekkida küsimus, miks selline raamatuke on koostatud. Pole ju Saulepi mingi tuntud kohake Eestis. Pole siin käinud kuningad, tsaarid ega presidendid. Paar tanki on sõja ajal Saulepist läbi sõitnud, aga teadaolevaid suuremaid lahinguid Saulepi territooriumi aladelt ajalugu ei tea. Siin pole ühtki linna ega laiemale ringile huvipakkuvat ajaloolist mälestusmärki. Isegi kirikut pole. Tuleb aga silmas pidada, et Eesti territoorium pole olnud pidevalt ühtne. -
Laadi Alla Pdf 1,1 MB
PUBLIKATSIOONID EHITUSTEADUSKOND Raamatud Antov, D., Banet, A., Barbier, C. et al. European road users' risk perception and mobility. The SARTRE4 survey [Electronic resource]. [S.l.] : IFSTTAR, 2012. 496 p. Hain, T. Characteristics of Portland cements for sulfate and weather resistant concrete = Sulfaadi- ja ilmastikukindla betooni tootmiseks vajalike portlandtsementide iseloomulikud parameetrid. Tallinn : TUT Press, 2012. 168 p. (Theses of Tallinn University of Technology. F, Thesis on civil engineering ; 37). Hani, A. Investigation of energy efficiency in buildings and HVAC systems = Hoonete ja nende tehnosüsteemide energeetilise efektiivsuse uurimine. Tallinn : TUT Press, 2012. 126 p. (Theses of Tallinn University of Technology. F, Thesis on civil engineering ; 36). Hast, E., Nilsson, A., Skrodenis, E., Antov, D. et al. Saving life, health and money in road traffic : improving road infrastructure safety in the Baltic Sea region. [S.l.] : The Swedish Transport Administration, 2012. 78 p. Hou, Q., Tijsseling, A. S., Laanearu, J., Annus, I., Koppel, T., Bergant, A., Vučkovič, S., Gale, J., Anderson, A., Westende, J. M. C.van't, Pandula, Z., Ruprecht, A. Experimental study of filling and emptying of a large-scale pipeline. Eindhoven : Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2012. 41 p. (CASA-report ; 12-15). Virta, M. (ed.) ; Hovorka, F., Kurnitski, J., Litiu, A. HVAC in sustainable office buildings : a bridge between owners and engineers. Brussels : REHVA, c2012. vi, 117 p. (REHVA guidebook ; 16). Iital, A., Tattari, S. Guidelines for surface and drainage water quality monitoring in agriculture dominated areas. Helsinki : Finnish Environment Institute, 2012. 37 p. (The Finnish environment ; 6). Kalamees, T., Ilomets, S., Liias, R., Raado, L.-M., Kuusk, K., Maivel, M., Ründva, M., Klõšeiko, P., Liho, E., Paap, L., Mikola, A., Seinre, E., Lill, I., Soekov, E., Paadam, K., Ojamäe, L., Kallavus, U., Mikli, L., Kõiv, T.-A. -
Aastaraamat 2011 Tallinna Tehnikaülikooli Aastaraamat 2011
AASTARAAMAT 2012 AASTARAAMAT 2011 TALLINNA TEHNIKAÜLIKOOLI AASTARAAMAT 2011 XIX Koostaja ja peatoimetaja Vahur Mägi Toimetuskolleegium: Kai Aviksoo (ülikooli nõukogu, struktuur), Karel Kundrats (üliõpilaskond), Tiia Vihand (õppetegevus), Pille Kasepuu (teadus- ja arendustegevus), Heidi Pihlak (innovatsioon), Jüri Järs (raamatukogu), Jüri Veerits (kirjastus), Riin Kobin (rahvusvaheline koostöö), Ülle Põder (majandustegevus), Kerly Orulaid (arengufond, vilistlaskogu), Ene Kahro, Aiki Tibar ja Milvi Vahtra (publikatsioonid) Fotod TTÜ Muuseumi fotokogust Kaane kujundanud Ann Gornischeff ISSN 1406-4529 Autoriõigus: Tallinna Tehnikaülikool, 2012 Sisukord Vaateid ja visandeid Andres Keevallik. Seista tehnikakultuuri eest.......................................................11 Kalle Tammemäe. Õppetegevus 2011 ..................................................................12 Ülo Tärno. Professorite kogu ...............................................................................15 Andres Udal. Nanotehnoloogia: hirmud, müüdid ja võimalused..........................18 Tallinna Tehnikaülikooli mehaanikateaduskonna 75. aastapäeva tähistamine Juubeliaktus ................................................................................................................37 Tauno Otto, Priit Kulu. Mehaanikateaduskond 75 ...............................................37 Aleks Rulkov. Masinaehitus on osa koolitatud mõtlemiskultuurist .......................46 Ümarlaud “Tööstuspoliitika arengutest Eestis” ..........................................................48 -
Main Features of the Development of Oil Shale Industry in Estonia Erki
Main Features of the Development of Oil Shale Industry in Estonia Erki Tammiksaar Oil Shale in the World Oil shale can be found everywhere world, and, most probably, in terms of quantity, it is the most widespread organic substance that is contained in lithosphere and is suitable for burning, which is evenly distributed all over the world. If the resources of petroleum, natural gas, and coal were to come to an end, oil shale could supply the population of the Earth with energy. However, the heating value of different kinds of oil shale that are available in different parts of the world fluctuates significantly, and, depending on the area of extraction, they also have different chemical composition. This has been the main reason why different kinds of oil shale available in the world have not been researched much, and coal, petroleum, and natural gas are mainly used as the sources of energy instead of oil shale. And still there is one country which is rather an exception in this respect, namely the Republic of Estonia, where oil shale is used as the main source of energy, and the crude oil obtained from oil shale as well as its fractions are sold both on domestic and foreign markets. What are the reasons of this unique development, which denies the worldwide energy generation traditions? Knowledge about Oil Shale in Estonia until 1916. Oil shale outcrop area in north-eastern Estonia ranges from half a kilometre to several kilometres, but in nature, it is nowhere found directly on the land surface, it is covered with moraine. -
Loodus“ Trükiste Bibliograafia
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DSpace at Tartu University Library TARTU ÜLIKOOLI VILJANDI KULTUURIAKADEEMIA Infohariduse osakond Raamatukogundus ja infokeskkonnad Age Annus KIRJASTUS „LOODUS“ TRÜKISTE BIBLIOGRAAFIA Lõputöö Juhendaja: lektor Ilmar Vaaro Viljandi 2010 SISUKORD SISSEJUHATUS 4 1. HANS MÄNNIK JA KIRJASTUS LOODUS 9 2. LIIK 0 13 3. LIIK 1 30 4. LIIK 2 33 3. LIIK 3 40 4. LIIK 5 55 5. LIIK 6 116 6. LIIK 7 130 7. LIIK 8 142 8. LIIK 9 338 ISIKUNIMEDE REGISTER 391 KOKKUVÕTE 445 KASUTATUD LÜHENDID 447 KASUTATUD KIRJANDUS JA ALLIKAD 449 LISAD 453 2 LISA 1 Kirjastus Looduse trükiste liigilis-kronoloogiline jaotumus (tabel) 453 LISA 2 Kirjastus Looduse trükitoodangu jaotumus aastate lõikes (tulpdiagramm) 454 LISA 3 Kirjastus Looduse trükiste protsentuaalne jaotumus kümnendliigituse alusel (sektordiagramm) 455 SUMMARY 456 3 SISSEJUHATUS Kirjastus Loodus oli Eesti Vabariigi esikümnenditel suurim kirjastusettevõte, jättes trükiste arvukuselt selja taha teised toonased suurkirjastused – Noor-Eesti Kirjastuse ja Eesti Kirjastuse Seltsi. Kirjastus Loodus on oma tegevusega jätnud Eesti kultuurilukku kustumatu jälje, andes välja kõrgekvaliteedilist õppe-, teatme- ja ilukirjandust. Lõputöö eesmärgiks on välja selgitada kirjastus Looduse trükiste täpne arvukus, koostada nimestik ning anda liigiline ülevaade ilmunud trükistest. Lähtuvalt eesmärkidest on püstitatud järgnevad ülesanded: 1) Läbi töötada bibliograafilised allikad ning koostada andmebaas ProCite programmis 2) Esitada kümnendliigituse alusel jagatud kirjed MS Word’is 3) Analüüsida saadud bibliograafianimestikku Kirjastus-osaühing Looduse trükiste arvukuseks on pakutud üle 2000 (EE 1990 sub “Loodus”, Eesti…1978, lk. 207), kuid täpsemat arvu ei paku ükski teatme- ega raamatulooline teos. Varasemalt on seda teemat uurinud Aime Miil, kelle 1995.