Table of Contents
Preface...... xxi
Volume I
Section 1 Fundamental Concepts and Theories
Chapter 1 What Constitutes a Smart City?...... 1 Sekhar Kondepudi, National University of Singapore, Singapore Ramita Kondepudi, Harvey Mudd College, USA
Chapter 2 Inter and Intra Cities Smartness: A Survey on Location Problems and GIS Tools...... 30 Ghada A. El Khayat, Alexandria University, Egypt Nada Ahmad Fashal, Alexandria University, Egypt
Chapter 3 What Is the Source of Smart City Value? A Business Model Analysis...... 56 Leonidas Anthopoulos, TEI of Thessaly, Greece Panos Fitsilis, TEI of Thessaly, Greece Christos Ziozias, TEI of Thessaly, Greece
Chapter 4 The Embedded Intelligence of Smart Cities: Urban Life, Citizenship, and Community...... 78 Mark Deakin, Edinburgh Napier University, UK Alasdair Reid, Edinburgh Napier University, UK
Chapter 5 Smart City Solutions for India: Learnings From Best Practices Around the World...... 92 Shekhar Vishnu Nagargoje, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, India Gaurvav Krishna Somani, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, India Mehul Manjibhai Sutaria, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, India Navneet Jha, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, India
Chapter 6 Smartness, City Efficiency, and Entrepreneurship Milieu...... 109 Luigi Mundula, University of Cagliari, Italy Sabrina Auci, University of Palermo, Italy
Chapter 7 Introduction to Smart City and Agricultural Revolution: Big Data and Internet of Things (IoT)...... 135 Rajesh Angadi, Mumbai University, India
Section 2 Development and Design Methodologies
Chapter 8 Smart Cities in Spain: Policy, Sustainability, and the National Plan – New Political Measures, Agents, and Sustainability...... 178 Martín García Vaquero, IE Business School, Spain José Manuel Saiz-Alvarez, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico, & Nebrija University, Spain
Chapter 9 Smart City Governance: From E-Government to Smart Governance...... 196 Maria do Rosário Matos Bernardo, Universidade Aberta, Portugal & CAPP-ISCSP Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Chapter 10 Revisiting the Legal Framework of Urban Planning in the Global South: An Explanatory Example of Nigeria...... 233 Oluwole Daramola, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
Chapter 11 A Unified Smart City Model (USCM) for Smart City Conceptualization and Benchmarking...... 247 Leonidas Anthopoulos, TEI of Thessaly, Greece Marijn Janssen, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Vishanth Weerakkody, Brunel University London, UK
Chapter 12 In Search of Indicators for Assessing Smart and Sustainable Cities and Communities’ Performance...... 265 Anastasia Stratigea, National Technical University of Athens, Greece Akrivi Leka, National Technical University of Athens, Greece Maria Panagiotopoulou, National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Chapter 13 Total Quality Management in Smart City Development...... 296 Yomi Babatunde, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Chapter 14 Smart Cities and Internet Technology Research for Sustainable and Inclusive Development: An Integrated Approach of Best Practices for Policy Makers and Educators...... 318 Christina Marouli, The American College of Greece, Greece Miltiadis Lytras, The American College of Greece, Greece
Chapter 15 Community Mesh Networks: Citizens’ Participation in the Deployment of Smart Cities...... 343 Primavera De Filippi, Université Paris II, France & Harvard, USA
Chapter 16 Developing Smart Regions: Proposal and Application of a Model for Island Territories...... 360 Felix Herrera Priano, University of La Laguna, Spain Rafael Lopez Armas, Official College of Telecommunication Engineers, Spain Cristina Fajardo Guerra, University of La Laguna, Spain
Chapter 17 Critical Success Factors to Establish 5G Network in Smart Cities: Inputs for Security and Privacy...... 386 Sheshadri Chatterjee, IIT Delhi, India Arpan Kumar Kar, IIT Delhi, India MP Gupta, IIT Delhi, India
Chapter 18 Using a Use Case Methodology and an Architecture Model for Describing Smart City Functionalities...... 411 Marion Gottschalk, OFFIS e.V., Germany Mathias Uslar, OFFIS e.V., Germany
Chapter 19 Operationalising Resilience Within Planning Practice: Towards an Online Decision Support Model...... 430 Aoife Doyle, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland & Future Analytics Consulting, Ireland William Hynes, Future Analytics Consulting, Ireland Ehiaze Ehimen, Future Analytics Consulting, Ireland Stephen M. Purcell, Future Analytics Consulting, Ireland Jon Coaffee, University of Warwick, UK Jonathan Clarke, University of Warwick, UK Peadar Davis, Ulster University, UK
Chapter 20 A Smart City Initiative: Urban Greens and Evaluation Method of the Sport and Recreation Potentials (SEM)...... 447 Anna Pawlikowska-Piechotka, AWF University, Poland & Warsaw Technical University Poland Natalia Łukasik, AWF University, Poland Anna Ostrowska-Tryzno, AWF University, Poland Karolina Sawicka, WSTiJO University, Poland & Royal Wilanów Museum, Poland
Chapter 21 Visualisation and Auralisation for Perception-Driven Decision Supports in Planning: A Comparative Review...... 470 Like Jiang, University of Surrey, UK
Chapter 22 ,Developing a Conceptual Framework for Knowledge-Based Urban Development in Isfahan Iran...... 490 Marjaneh Farhangi, Municipality of Karaj, Iran
Chapter 23 Smart Cities and Municipal Building Regulation for Energy Efficiency...... 509 Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, University of Palermo, Italy Gianluca Scaccianoce, University of Palermo, Italy Valentina Vaccaro, University of Palermo, Italy Maurizio Carta, University of Palermo, Italy Raffaella Riva Sanseverino, University of Palermo, Italy
Chapter 24 Future of Smart Cities in the Knowledge-Based Urban Development and the Role of Award Competitions...... 536 Amin A. Shaqrah, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
Volume II
Chapter 25 ICT-Based Solutions Supporting Energy Systems for Smart Cities...... 549 Wolfgang Loibl, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Austria Brigitte Bach, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Austria Gerhard Zucker, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Austria Giorgio Agugiaro, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Austria Peter Palensky, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Ralf-Roman Schmidt, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Austria Daniele Basciotti, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Austria Helfried Brunner, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Austria
Chapter 26 Smart City Portals for Public Service Delivery: Insights From a Comparative Study...... 578 Christoph Peters, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland & University of Kassel, Germany Axel Korthaus, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia Thomas Kohlborn, Sanofi, Australia
Section 3 Tools and Technologies
Chapter 27 Building Smarter Cities Through Social Entrepreneurship...... 600 Susana Bernardino, Politécnico do Porto, Portugal J. Freitas Santos, Politécnico do Porto, Portugal & Universidade do Minho, Portugal
Chapter 28 Social Media Data Analysis in Urban E-Planning...... 636 Pilvi Nummi, Aalto University, Finland
Chapter 29 Crowdsourcing and Living Labs in Support of Smart Cities’ Development...... 652 Chrysaida-Aliki Papadopoulou, National Technical University of Athens, Greece Maria Giaoutzi, National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Chapter 30 Recommendations for Natural Resources Conservation in the Influence Areas of Cities: A Case Study of Bucharest, Romania...... 671 Mihai Răzvan Niţă, University of Bucharest, Romania Mihăiţă Iulian Niculae, University of Bucharest, Romania Diana Andreea Onose, University of Bucharest, Romania Maria Pătroescu, University of Bucharest, Romania Gabriel Ovidiu Vânău, University of Bucharest, Romania Cristiana Maria Ciocănea, University of Bucharest, Romania
Chapter 31 Conflict Resolution With Agents in Smart Cities...... 695 Pablo Chamoso, University of Salamanca, Spain Fernando De la Prieta, University of Salamanca, Spain Javier Bajo Pérez, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain Juan Manuel Corchado Rodríguez, University of Salamanca, Spain
Chapter 32 Energy Simulations as a Tool in Integrated Design Process...... 714 Joanna Rucińska, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Chapter 33 Applications of Crowdsourcing in Sustainable Urban Development Planning in Developing Countries...... 738 Ismaila Rimi Abubakar, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Chapter 34 From the Smart City to the People-Friendly City: Usability of Tools and Data in Urban Planning...... 758 Giulia Melis, SiTI Istituto Superiore sui Sistemi Territoriali per l’Innovazione, Italy Elena Masala, SiTI Istituto Superiore sui Sistemi Territoriali per l’Innovazione, Italy Matteo Tabasso, SiTI Istituto Superiore sui Sistemi Territoriali per l’Innovazione, Italy
Chapter 35 An Extension of the MiSCi Middleware for Smart Cities Based on Fog Computing...... 778 Jose Aguilar, Universidad de los Andes, Venezuela Manuel B. Sanchez, Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira, Venezuela Marxjhony Jerez, University of the Andes, Venezuela Maribel Mendonca, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Venezuela
Chapter 36 Internet of Things for Smart Cities...... 799 Pallavi Khare, Matrusri Engineering College, India Akhil Khare, MVSR Engineering College, India
Chapter 37 A Case Study for eCampus Spatial: Business Data Exploration...... 816 Thanh Thoa Pham Thi, National University of Maynooth, Ireland Andrea Ballatore, University of California – Santa Barbara, USA Junjun Yin, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland Linh Truong-Hong, University College Dublin, Ireland James D. Carswell, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland
Chapter 38 Configuring a Trusted Cloud Service Model for Smart City Exploration Using Hybrid Intelligence...... 847 Manash Sarkar, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, India Soumya Banerjee, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, India Youakim Badr, National Institute of Applied Sciences, France Arun Kumar Sangaiah, VIT University, India
Chapter 39 Managing Large Amounts of Data Generated by a Smart City Internet of Things Deployment...... 870 Jorge Lanza, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain Pablo Sotres, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain Luis Sánchez, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain Jose Antonio Galache, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain Juan Ramón Santana, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain Verónica Gutiérrez, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain Luis Muñoz, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain
Chapter 40 Crowdsensing in Smart Cities: Technical Challenges, Open Issues, and Emerging Solution Guidelines...... 893 Paolo Bellavista, Università di Bologna, Italy Giuseppe Cardone, Università di Bologna, Italy Antonio Corradi, Università di Bologna, Italy Luca Foschini, Università di Bologna, Italy Raffaele Ianniello, Università di Bologna, Italy
Section 4 Utilization and Applications
Chapter 41 Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Lisbon as a Smart Start-Up City...... 917 Luísa Cagica Carvalho, Universidade Aberta, Portugal & CEFAGE -Universidade de Évora, Portugal
Chapter 42 Improving Urban Planning Information, Transparency and Participation in Public Administrations...... 936 Beatriz Santos, Technical University of Madrid – Zaragoza, Spain
Chapter 43 Information Security and Ecosystems in Smart Cities: The Case of Dubai...... 956 Ahmed Bin Touq, United Arab Emirates University, UAE Anthony Ijeh, American University in the Emirates, UAE
Chapter 44 Smart Citizens, Wise Decisions: Sustainability-Driven Tourism Entrepreneurs...... 974 Maria de Lurdes Calisto, Estoril Higher Institute for Tourism and Hotel Studies, Portugal Ana Gonçalves, Estoril Higher Institute for Tourism and Hotel Studies, Portugal & Centre for Geographical Studies, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Chapter 45 Crafting Smart Cities in the Gulf Region: A Comparison of Masdar and Lusail...... 998 Evren Tok, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Jason James McSparren, University of Massachusetts, USA Maha Al Merekhi, Qatar Foundation, Qatar Hanaa Elghaish, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Fatema Mohamed Ali, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar
Chapter 46 Cultural Event Management and Urban E-Planning Through Bottom-Up User Participation...... 1011 Angelo Corallo, University of Salento, Italy Anna Trono, University of Salento, Italy Laura Fortunato, University of Salento, Italy Francesco Pettinato, University of Salento, Italy Laura Schina, University of Salento, Italy
Chapter 47 Sustainability in Smart Cities: The Case of Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain) – A Commitment to a New Urban Paradigm...... 1031 Dolores Gallardo Vázquez, University of Extremadura, Spain María Teresa Nevado Gil, University of Extremadura, Spain
Chapter 48 Civic Crafting in Urban Planning Public Consultation: Exploring Minecraft’s Potential...... 1052 Lisa Ward Mather, Ryerson University, Canada Pamela Robinson, Ryerson University, Canada
Chapter 49 Implementation of Social Media Concepts for E-Government: Case Study of a Social Media Tool for Value Co-Creation and Citizen Participation...... 1071 Raimundo Díaz-Díaz, University of Cantabria, Spain Daniel Pérez-González, University of Cantabria, Spain
Chapter 50 Integrating BIM With BMS in Energy Performance Assessment: Case Study of a University Building in UK...... 1092 Ajiero Ikenna Reginald, Heriot-Watt University, UK
Volume III
Chapter 51 Energy Investment in Smart Cities Unlocking Financial Instruments in Europe...... 1120 Francesca Romana Medda, University College London, UK Candace Partridge, University College London, UK Gianni Carbonaro, European Investment Bank, Luxembourg
Chapter 52 Knowledge Management for the Development of a Smart Tourist Destination: The Possible Repositioning of Prato...... 1145 Lucia Varra, Università di Firenze, Italy Lucia Buzzigoli, Università di Firenze, Italy Chiara Buzzigoli, Università di Firenze, Italy Roberta Loro, Università di Firenze, Italy
Chapter 53 Accounting for Noise Pollution in Planning of Smart Cities...... 1179 A.W.A. Hammad, University of New South Wales, Australia A. Akbarnezhad, University of New South Wales, Australia D. Rey, University of New South Wales, Australia
Chapter 54 Evaluating the Smart and Sustainable Built Environment in Urban Planning...... 1217 Patrizia Lombardi, Politecnico di Torino, Italy Silvia Giordano, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Chapter 55 Smart Destination as Key Element: Looking for Improving the Experience of Consumer...... 1233 Elisa Alén González, University of Vigo, Spain Trinidad Domínguez Vila, University of Vigo, Spain Pablo de Carlos Villamarín, University of Vigo, Spain
Section 5 Organizational and Social Implications
Chapter 56 Integration Between Urban Planning and Natural Hazards for Resilient City...... 1256 Şule Tüdeş, Gazi University, Turkey Kadriye Burcu Yavuz Kumlu, Gazi University, Turkey Sener Ceryan, Balikesir University, Turkey
Chapter 57 Cities Really Smart and Inclusive: Possibilities and Limits for Social Inclusion and Participation...... 1295 Cristina Maria Pinto Albuquerque, University of Coimbra, Portugal
Chapter 58 -Towards Smart Cities in Turkey? Transitioning from Waste to Creative, Clean and Cheap Eco Energy...... 1315 Esin Okay, Istanbul Commerce University, Turkey
Chapter 59 Unleashing the Intelligence of Cities by Social Innovation and Civic Crowdfunding: An Exploratory Study...... 1341 Susana Bernardino, Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto, Portugal J. Freitas Santos, Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto, Portugal
Chapter 60 When Wearable Computing Meets Smart Cities: Assistive Technology Empowering Persons With Disabilities...... 1356 João Soares de Oliveira Neto, Federal University of Reconcavo da Bahia, Brazil André Luis Meneses Silva, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil Fábio Nakano, University of São Paulo, Brazil José J. Pérez-Álcazar, University of São Paulo, Brazil Sergio T. Kofuji, University of São Paulo, Brazil
Chapter 61 Smart City Governance for Sustainable Public Value Generation...... 1377 Enrico Ferro, Istituto Superiore Mario Boella, Italy Michele Osella, Istituto Superiore Mario Boella, Italy
Chapter 62 On Internet of Things and Big Data in University Courses...... 1393 Dmitry Namiot, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia Manfred Sneps-Sneppe, Ventspils University College, Latvia
Chapter 63 The Smart City and Its Citizens: Governance and Citizen Participation in Amsterdam Smart City...... 1407 Carlo Francesco Capra, Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies (IHS), The Netherlands
Chapter 64 Digitalization and Information Management in Smart City Government: Requirements for Organizational and Managerial Project Policy...... 1428 Antti Syväjärvi, University of Lapland, Finland Ville Kivivirta, University of Lapland, Finland Jari Stenvall, University of Tampere, Finland Ilpo Laitinen, City of Helsinki, Finland
Chapter 65 Limits and Potential for eGov and Smart City in Local Government: A Cluster Analysis Concerning ICT Infrastructure and Use...... 1445 Erico Przeybilovicz, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil Wesley Vieira da Silva, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil Maria Alexandra Cunha, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brazil
Chapter 66 Towards Visually Impaired Autonomy in Smart Cities: The Electronic Long Cane Project...... 1464 Alejandro Rafael Garcia Ramirez, Universidade do Vale de Itajaí, Brazil Israel Gonzalez-Carrasco, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain Gustavo Henrique Jasper, Universidade do Vale de Itajaí, Brazil Amarilys Lima Lopez, Universidade do Vale de Itajaí, Brazil Renato Fonseca Livramento da Silva, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil Angel Garcia Crespo, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain
Chapter 67 Digital Community Planning: The Open Source Way to the Top of Arnstein’s Ladder...... 1490 Enzo Falco, Gran Sasso Science Institute, Italy
Chapter 68 Creative Industries in the Smart City: Overview of a Liability in Emerging Economies...... 1515 Cristobal Collignon de Alba, University of Colima, Mexico Jürgen Haberleithner, University of Colima, Mexico Maricela Mireya Reyes López, University of Colima, Mexico
Chapter 69 Making Citizens’ Activities Flourish Through a Crowdsourcing-Based Social Infrastructure...... 1535 Mizuki Sakamoto, Waseda University, Japan Tatsuo Nakajima, Waseda University, Japan
Section 6 Critical Issues and Challenges
Chapter 70 The Role Corporate Social Responsibility Has in the Smart City Project in Spain...... 1562 Mª Asunción López-Arranz, Universidad de A Coruña, Spain
Chapter 71 Strategic Directions in European Sustainable City Management...... 1583 Nemanja Backović, University of Belgrade, Serbia Vesna Milićević, University of Belgrade, Serbia Adam Sofronijevic, University of Belgrade, Serbia
Chapter 72 Smart City, Integrated Planning, and Multilevel Governance: A Conceptual Framework for E-Planning in Europe...... 1605 Lukasz Damurski, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland
Chapter 73 Smart Urbanism and Digital Activism in Southern Italy...... 1620 Arturo Di Bella, University of Catania, Italy
Section 7 Emerging Trends
Chapter 74 Smart Cities and the Internet: From Mode 2 to Triple Helix Accounts of Their Evolution...... 1648 Mark Deakin, Edinburgh Napier University, UK
Chapter 75 Smart City, IT Systems, and Sustainability: Some Insights From the Italian Context...... 1666 Elisa Truant, University of Turin, Italy
Chapter 76 Governance in Smart Cities: A Comparison of Practitioners’ Perceptions and Prior Research...... 1688 Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar, University of Granada, Spain
Index...... xxiv