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Música Y Pasión De Cosima Liszt Y Richard Wagner

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Música Y Pasión De Cosima Liszt Y Richard Wagner A6 [email protected] VIDA SOCIAL JUEVES 14 DE MAYO DE 2020 Música y pasión de Cosima Liszt y Richard Wagner GRACIELA ALMENDRAS Fundado en 1876, l Festival de Bayreuth, que cada año se el festival realiza en julio, no solo hace noticia por su también E obligada cancelación a causa de la pande- suspendió mia, sino que también porque es primera vez en sus funcio- sus más de 140 años de historia que un Wagner nes durante no encabeza su organización. Ocurre que la bisnie- las grandes ta de Richard Wagner, el compositor alemán guerras. En precursor de este festival, está enferma y abando- julio iba a nó su cargo por un tiempo indefinido. celebrar su La historia de este evento data de 1870, cuando 109ª edi- Richard Wagner con su mujer, Cosima Liszt, visita- ción. En la ron la ciudad alemana de Bayreuth y consideraron foto, el que debía construirse un teatro más amplio, capaz teatro. de albergar los montajes y grandes orquestas que requerían las óperas de su autoría. Con el apoyo financiero principalmente de Luis II de Baviera, consiguieron abrir el teatro y su festival en 1876. Entonces, la relación entre Richard Wagner y FESTIVAL DE BAYREUTH su esposa, Cosima, seguía siendo mal vista: ella era 24 años menor que él e hija de uno de sus amigos, y habían comenzado una relación estando ambos casados. Pero a ellos eso poco les importó y juntos crearon un imperio en torno a la música. Cosima Liszt y Richard Wagner. En 1857, Cosima se casó con el pianista y Cosima Liszt (en la director de foto) nació en orquesta Bellagio, Italia, en alemán Hans 1837, hija de la con- von Bülow desa francoalemana (arriba), Marie d’Agoult y de alumno de su su amante, el conno- padre y amigo tado compositor de Wagner. austro-húngaro Franz Más que amor, Liszt (1811-1886). los unía una GERMANCULTURE.COM.UA Tenía 16 años cuando profunda admira- Frecuentando los mismos círculos, Cosima y Richard Wagner se acercaron cada vez más. Su lazo conoció al compositor ción por Wagner. se profundizó en 1862 mientras los Wagner y los Von Bülow eran huéspedes del rey Luis II de Baviera. En Richard Wagner, Tuvieron dos hijas: 1864 ya eran amantes y se dice que Hans von Bülow no fue capaz de oponerse ante la idolatría que habría amigo de su padre. Daniela y Blandine. sentido por Wagner. En la ilustración, Cosima, Richard, Franz Liszt y el político prusiano Heinrich von Stein. Richard Wagner, por su parte, Estando casado con Minna, En 1865, la rela- estaba casado con la actriz Wagner tuvo un amorío ción entre Cosima alemana Minna Planer (en la con Mathilde Luckemeyer y Richard estaba foto); por esta razón, la relación (en la foto), una poeta alema- desatada, naciendo extramarital entre él y Cosima fue na, casada con el banquero la primera hija de un escándalo en Múnich. Minna no Otto Wesendonck, mecenas de ambos, Isolde, quien había tenido una vida fácil: tenía una Wagner. Enamorado, compuso fue bautizada con el hija, Natalie, nacida producto de una en su honor las “Wesendonck apellido Von Bülow violación y a quien presentaba como Lieder” (“Canciones Wesen- porque Cosima su hermana menor. Con Wagner se donck”), basadas en cinco seguía casada. Al casaron en 1836, pero el matrimonio poemas escritos por ella. año siguiente, esta nunca anduvo bien: por un lado, los También volcó la pasión se fue a vivir con celos de Wagner impidieron que ella secreta que sentía por Mathil- Wagner a Triebs- continuara con su carrera, y por de en el argumento de “Tris- chen, Suiza. El otro, ambos fueron infieles y no tán e Isolda”; pero cuando músico, por su pudieron tener hijos. Estando distan- esta ópera fue estrenada en parte, enviudó. ciados, Minna murió en 1866, afec- 1865, él ya estaba con otra Luego nacieron sus tada por una enfermedad cardíaca. mujer: Cosima Liszt. hijos Eva, en 1867, y Siegfried, en 1869. Hans von Bülow En la foto, los hijos aceptó divor- de Cosima. ciarse de Cosi- ma en 1870. Al fin los amantes pudieron casarse y en 1872 se trasladaron a Bayreuth, donde levantaron un teatro y su festi- val. En 1883, Wagner murió de un infarto... no sin antes dedicarle “Idilio de Sigfri- El festival quedó en manos de do” (1870), que la viuda de Siegfried, Wini- celebraba el fred Williams (ambos en la fo- nacimiento de su BAYREUTH.DE to). Esta inglesa, hija adoptiva del hijo y su matrimo- Cosima sobrevivió otros 47 años, asumiendo la pianista alemán Karl Klindworth nio con ella. En la dirección del Festival de Bayreuth. Se dice que fue —amigo de Richard Wagner—, foto, Cosima y su mérito lograr que el festival sobreviviese a las se casó con Siegfried en 1915. Tu- Richard (al cen- deudas y consolidara la reputación de la ópera vieron cuatro hijos: Wieland, Algunos aseguran que Winifred —quien dirigió el festival tro), con sus hijos wagneriana. En sus últimos años entregó la direc- Friedelind, Wolfgang y Verena. entre 1931 y 1944— sintió una pasión irracional por Hitler y, y dos amigos. ción a su hijo Siegfried (ambos en la foto), también En 1923 conoció a Adolf Hitler, entre otros gestos, lo invitaba a alojar a la villa Wahnfried, la compositor y director de orquesta. Cosima murió quien deseaba estrechar lazos casa de los Wagner en Bayreuth. El festival se fue convirtiendo en 1930, a los 92 años. Cuatro meses después falle- con la familia de su compositor en un símbolo del nazismo, siendo este el período más oscuro de ció Siegfried, de un infarto. favorito. su historia. Terminada la II Guerra Wieland y Wolfgang La hija de Wolfgang, Mundial, Winifred fue llevada Wagner (en la foto), Katharina Wagner a juicio por prestar el legado nietos de Richard y Cosi- (en la foto), está al de Richard Wagner a la propa- ma, dirigieron el festival frente del festival ganda nazi. Como defensa, entre 1951 y 1966. En su desde 2008. En abril sostuvo que “era él (Hitler), no juventud también fueron pasado, la organización el partido, lo que me atraía”. cercanos a Adolf Hitler. del certamen anunció Finalmente fue obligada a En 1966, Wieland, consi- que la bisnieta de renunciar a los festivales como derado uno de los directo- Wagner (hoy de 41 exigencia para que estos se res de escena operísticos años) dejaba la direc- reactivaran y el nuevo gobier- más importantes del siglo ción temporalmente no aceptó como nuevos direc- XIX, murió a los 49 años. por una enfermedad tores a sus hijos: Wieland y Desde entonces y hasta (no especificada) que le Wolfgang Wagner. Winifred 2008, Wolfgang lideró en impide continuar en el (en la foto) murió en 1980, a solitario, falleciendo a los cargo. Su regreso es los 83 años. 90 años, en 2010. incierto..
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