DOCSLIB.ORG

Crusader Rex

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Crusader Rex ALMOST DONE CRUSADER REX 1.11 Town Rating Rulebook Organization Town Rating is the number of shields This rulebook is formatted so that the sidebar near a town's name. Most towns have 1-4 (this column) contains designer and historical shields. Minor towns have no shields. notes to help you understand and enjoy this game. 1.12 Town Control Fog-of-War Saracen towns are in SYRIA and EGYPT . Surprise is an exciting aspect of Crusader Rex. They are friendly to the Saracen unless Blocks generally stand upright facing the owner. occupied by Frank blocks. This promotes bluff and innovative strategies because players are uncertain of the strength or Frank towns are within the realms of identity of an enemy block. ANTIOCH , TRIPOLI , and JERUSALEM . They are friendly to the Frank unless occupied Battle Sites by Saracen blocks. The main battles of the period are shown on the map for interest, red for Frank victories and Masyaf is the Kingdom of the Assassins green for Saracen victories. and cannot be entered by other blocks. Names & Places IMPORTANT: Changes to town control Modern day translations of names and places are effective instantly. Occupying any from the Crusading era can vary. When vacant enemy town makes it immediately confronted with spelling choices, we have friendly, but it instantly reverts to enemy generally deferred to Lyons & Jackson’s Saladin: control if vacated. The Politics of Holy War. INTRODUCTION Towns have two playable areas: castle Town Control Crusader Rex is a game covering the and field. In a siege, one player defends Because changes to town control are effective Third Crusade. One player commands the the castle, while the other defends the field. instantly, retreat/regroup options may change FRANKS , the other commands the SARACENS . during a game turn as a result of enemy moves, 1.13 Home Seats retreats, or regroups. It is also possible to GAME TURNS The town named on a block is its home occupy a vacant enemy town with one move, The game is played in a series of six seat (starting location). Matching shields on making it friendly, and then immediately muster or sea-move there with another move. years starting at 1187. Within each year the map are alternate seats. are six (6) Game Turns. Each Game Turn EXAMPLE: Bohemond's home seat is has four (4) Phases, played in the sequence Antioch. Latakia is an alternate seat. given: 1.14 Ports The Early Crusades The Crusades began on November 27, 1095, when [1] Card Phase A town with an anchor symbol is a Pope Urban II called upon Christendom to reclaim Both players start every year with six port. Tripoli and Tyre are fortified ports. the holy land. Although Jerusalem had been under (6) cards. Each Game Turn they both play Sea Movement (5.4) is possible relatively benign Muslim rule for over 400 years, one (1) card face down. The cards are then between friendly ports. Urban II decried a rising tide of deprivations revealed to determine play order. See 4.0. and desecrations by “the enemies of Christ.” Less 1.15 Unplayable Towns than four years later, the Franks completed a long [2] Move Phase Some locations like Bethlehem or and bloody march to Jerusalem, whereupon they Player 1 completes all movement and Nazareth are shown on the map only for slaughtered every Jew and Muslim they found in then Player 2 moves. See 5.0. the city. Independent kingdoms and principalities historical interest. They are not playable. were established in Jerusalem, Tripoli, Antioch, and [3] Battle Phase Edessa (modern-day Armenia), which collectively Battles/Sieges are resolved one by 1.2 VictorY CITIES became known as “Outremer” – the lands over the one in the order chosen by Player 1. Seven (7) towns are Victory Cities. sea. See 6.0. The Saracen starts play controlling ALEPPO , The Crusader States prospered for 45 years until DAMASCUS , and EGYPT ; the Frank controls Zangi, the Atabeg of Aleppo, conquered the County [4] Draw Phase ANTIOCH , TRIPOLI , ACRE , and JERUSALEM . of Edessa. The new military hero of Islam was Both players draw one (1) block from The object of the game is to control soon murdered by a servant. Zangi’s young son Nur their Draw Pool (except during 1187). al-Din took command and braced his Emirate for a majority of the seven (7) Victory Cities the inevitable Frank counterattack. after the year 1192 is played. A sudden 1.0 MAPBOARD death victory occurs if one player controls Pope Eugenius III launched the 2nd Crusade on March 31, 1146. German, French, and English The mapboard depicts the Levant, all seven Victory Cities at the end of any armies under the command of King Louis VII of from Antioch south to Egypt. The Frank Game Turn. France and King Conrad III of Germany opted to player sits on the western edge of the map; NOTE: A besieged Victory City is still strike first at Damascus, then an ally of Outremer the Saracen player sits opposite. controlled by the castle defender for victory and an enemy of Aleppo! Their assault upon purposes. Damascus was broken when Nur al-Din’s forces 1.1 TOWNS swooped down from the north. The Crusaders The map shows the key towns of the retreated in panic, and the 2nd Crusade ended in disaster. The Zangid Empire under Nur al-Din now 12th Century. They govern the movement controlled Aleppo and Damascus. and location of blocks. Copyright © 2005-11 Jerry Taylor & Columbia Games Inc. 1 Version 2.0 CRUSADER REX 2.0 ARMIES 2.2 FRANKS The Military Orders Frank blocks contain a mix of knights, The Templars and Hospitallers were the military The wooden blocks represent FRANK infantry, and archers. elite of Christendom. Members were primarily minor (orange) and SARACEN (green) forces. There nobility recruited from all over Europe, although is also one ASSASSIN (black) block. 2.21 Outremers the majority came from France. They were deeply religious, highly trained, well disciplined, and A sheet of die-cut labels is included. Ten (10) blocks represent ferocious in battle. One label must be attached to the face of the Christian feudal lords of each block. Lightly position each label, the Kingdom of Jerusalem, The Order of St. John of the Hospital of Jerusalem Principality of Antioch, and County of was founded by Italian merchants prior to the ensure it is straight, and then press firmly crusading era as a charitable medical organization. Tripoli. to the block. Once under the supervision of Benedictine monks, • Green labels on green blocks 2.22 Military Orders it evolved into an autonomous religious institution with a distinct military caste by around 1160. • Tan labels on orange blocks Seven (7) blocks represent • Black label on the black block. the elite fighting orders of the “The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Jesus Christ,” on the other hand, were founded by nine crusading The blocks add surprise and secrecy Hospitallers and Templars. knights in 1119 as a religious order dedicated to the to the game. When standing upright, protection of pilgrims. Their headquarters at the block type and strength is hidden from the 2.23 Turcopoles Two (2) blocks represent al-Aqsa mosque on the southern edge of the Temple opponent. Mount (known to the crusaders as the Temple of Syrian light horse employed by Solomon) earned them the name “The Templars.” 2.1 BLOCK DATA the Franks. By the time of the 3rd Crusade, the religious orders Blocks have numbers and symbols had become fearsome military powers and were the defining movement and combat abilities. 2.24 Crusaders Nine (9) blocks represent the wealthiest landowners in Outremer. Their leaders treated the Kings, Princes, and Emirs of the Middle 2.11 Strength ENGLISH , FRENCH , and GERMAN East as sovereign equals. The current strength of a block is the forces of the Third Crusade. number of pips on the top edge when Members who fell into enemy hands were generally the block is standing upright. Strength 2.25 Pilgrims executed. The military orders refused to pay ransom. “I wish to purify the land of these two determines how many six-sided dice (d6) Three (3) blocks represent numerous small groups of monstrous orders,” declared Saladin, “whose are thrown for a block in combat. practices are of no use, who will never renounce warriors who came to the Holy For example, roll 4d6 (four six-sided their hostility, will render no service as slaves, Land. Three prominent sources are named, dice) for a block at strength 4; roll 1d6 for and are all that is worst in this infidel race.” Two but pilgrims came from Castile to Jutland. a block at strength 1. hundred and thirty were executed en masse a few days after capture at the Battle of Hattin. Blocks vary in maximum strength. 2.3 SARACENS Some blocks have four steps, some three Saracen blocks contain a mixture of steps, and some only two steps. For each light horse, horsebow, and infantry. hit taken in combat, the block’s strength is reduced one step by rotating the block 2.31 Emirs Nineteen (19) blocks represent 90 degrees counter-clockwise. The sidebar Saladin and the Muslim lords shows a block at strength 1, 2, and 3. STEP REDUCTION loyal to him. 2.12 Combat Ratings The Combat Rating is indicated by a 2.32 Nomads Twelve (12) blocks (Arabs, letter and number, such as A1 or B2. The Kurds, Turks) represent a letter determines initiative for combat. variety of irregular forces from All A blocks attack first, then all B blocks, Strength 1 Strength 2 Strength 3 off-map regions.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Red Sea Entanglement Initial Latin European Intellectual Development Regarding Nubia and Ethiopia During the Twelfth Century
    DOI: 10.46586/er.11.2020.8826 Entangled Religions 11.5 (2020) License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 er.ceres.rub.de Red Sea Entanglement Initial Latin European Intellectual Development Regarding Nubia and Ethiopia during the Twelfth Century ADAM SIMMONS Nottingham Trent University, Great Britain ABSTRACT What happens to the ability to retrace networks when individual agents can- not be named and current archaeology is limited? In these circumstances, such networks cannot be traced, but, as this case study will show, they can be reconstructed and their effects can still be witnessed. This article will highlight how Latin European intellectual development regarding the Christian African kingdoms of Nubia and Ethiopia is due to multiple and far-reaching networks between Latin Europeans, Africans, and other Eastern groups, especially in the wider Red Sea region, despite scant direct evidence for the exis- tence of such extensive intellectual networks. Instead, the absence of direct evidence for Latin European engagement with the Red Sea needs to be situated within the wider devel- opment of Latin European understandings of Nubia and Ethiopia throughout the twelfth century as a result of interaction with varied peoples, not least with Africans themselves. The developing Latin European understanding of Nubia was a result of multiple and varied exchanges. KEYWORDS Crusades, Nubia, Ethiopia, Red Sea, twelfth century, intellectual history Introduction The establishment of the Crusader States at the turn of the twelfth century acted as a catalyst [1] for the development of Latin European knowledge of the wider Levant (e.g., Hamilton 2004). This knowledge was principally gained through direct and indirect interactions with various religious and ethnic groups, each of which acted as individual catalysts for a greater shared development of knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • The Crusades – from Christian, Jewish and Muslim Perspectives
    1. What do the different accounts of the Crusades have in common? What commonalities, if any, do you detect between the religious ideas of the crusaders and those whom they attacked? What were the similarities and what were the differences in the experiences of the Jews in Rhineland cities and the Arabs in Jerusalem? Why do you think the response of the Jews was so different from the response of the Muslims? 2. What reasons does Pope Urban give for urging the Franks to take up arms and go to the Holy Land? What is the tone of his speech in presenting these reasons? Is this a rational appeal, or an emotional one? Or both? How important is religion in the appeal? What motivations other than religious ones does Urban give? Does his presentation of the reasons for this war conform to the requirements for a just war laid out by Augustine and Aquinas [it must (1) be defensive in nature; (2) violence must be proportionate, doing no more violence than it prevents; (3) aim must be the restoration of peace; and (4) be waged by a legal authority]? 3. Does what happened to the Jews in Germany and the Muslims in Jerusalem strike you as a logical outcome of Urban‘s appeal? 4. According to al-Athir‘s narrative, what is the cause of the Crusades to the Holy Land? How does his description of these causes and events compare with the Christian accounts of the launching of the First Crusade? How do you account for the different views of the same events? 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Magistri Thietmari Peregrenatio Pilgerreise Nach Palästina Und Auf Den Sina in Den Jahren 1217/1218
    Magistri Thietmari Peregrenatio Pilgerreise nach Palästina und auf den Sina in den Jahren 1217/1218 herausgegeben von ULF KOPPITZ, Geretsried Vorbemerkung des Herausgebers S. 121 Edition: Magistri Thietmari Peregrenatio S. 127 Anhänge S. 176 Anhang: „Karten und Bilder“ (in der Reihenfolge von Thiet- mars Reise) - Übersichtskarte des Pilgerweges mit Ortsangaben und Verweisen auf Anhänge S. 176 - Übersichtskarte des Pilgerweges, farbige Reliefkarte ohne Ortsangaben, um einen Eindruck von der Land- schaft zu geben S. 177 - Kartenskizze Akkon S. 178 - Historische Ansicht Berg Tabor S. 178 - Karte Damaskus S. 179 - Karte und zwei Bilder des ersten tiefen Wadis im Ostjordanland S. 180 - Ansicht und Grundriss Kerak S. 181 - Zwei Ansichten Monreal/Shaubak S. 182 - Karte des zweiten tiefen Wadis im Ostjordanland S. 183 - Bild eines Wüstentals S. 183 Anhang: „Jordanquellen“ (mit Karte) S. 184 Anhang: „Petra“ (mit Karte und Bildern) S. 191 Anhang: „Pharao-Insel“ (mit Karten und Bildern) S. 194 Anhang: „Katharinenkloster und Mosesberg“ (mit Karte und Bildern) S. 200 Geographische Angaben S. 208 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis S. 214 Concilium medii aevi 14 (2011) 121–221 http://cma.gbv.de,cma,014,2011,a,10.pdf ULF KOPPITZ: Magistri Thietmari Peregrenatio Vorbemerkungen des Herausgebers Zur Person Thietmars Thietmar(us) – auch Thetmarus, Detmarus und Ditmarus – war ver- mutlich im Sächsischen beheimatet; er muss ein höher gestellter Kleriker gewesen sein. Die Identifizierung mit einem sonst belegten Träger seines Namens ist bisher nicht gelungen. Er könnte der 1220–1221 als Kanoniker am Hl.-Kreuz-Stift in Hildesheim überlieferte Themar sein. Zeitgleich war dort auch Willebrand von Oldenburg, der kurz vor Thiet- mar (1211) ebenfalls eine Pilgerfahrt ins Heilige Land unternommen hatte und darüber in seinem Itinerarium Terrae Sanctae1 berichtet.2 Sein Werk3 ist in insgesamt 19 Handschriften des 13.–15.
    [Show full text]
  • Cry Havoc Règles Fr 20/07/17 10:50 Page1
    ager historique UK_cry havoc règles fr 20/07/17 10:50 Page1 HISTORY & SCENARIOS ager historique UK_cry havoc règles fr 20/07/17 10:50 Page2 © Buxeria & Historic’One éditions - 2017 - v1.0 ager historique UK_cry havoc règles fr 20/07/17 10:50 Page3 SELJUK SULTANATE OF RUM Konya COUNTY OF EDESSA Sis PRINCIPALITY OF ARMENIAN CILICIA Edessa Tarsus Turbessel Harran BYZANTINE EMPIRE Antioch Aleppo PRINCIPALITY OF ANTIOCH Emirate of Shaïzar Isma'ili COUNTY OF GRAND SELJUK TRIPOLI EMPIRE Damascus Acre DAMASCUS F THE MIDDLE EAST KINGDOM IN 1135 TE O OF between the First JERUSALEM and Second Crusades Jerusalem EMIRA N EW S FATIMID 0 150 km CALIPHATE ager historique UK_cry havoc règles fr 20/07/17 10:43 Page1 History The Normans in Northern Syria in the 12th Century 1. Historical background Three Normans distinguished themselVes during the First Crusade: Robert Curthose, Duke of NormandY and eldest son of William the Conqueror 1 Whose actions Were decisiVe at the battle of DorYlea in 1197, Bohemond of Taranto, the eldest son of Robert Guiscard 2, and his nepheW Tancred, Who led one of the assaults upon the Walls of Jerusalem in 1099. Before participating in the crusade, Bohemond had been passed oVer bY his Younger half-brother Roger Borsa as Duke of Puglia and Calabria on the death of his father in 1085. Far from being motiVated bY religious sentiment like GodfreY of Bouillon, the crusade Was for him just another occasion to Wage War against his perennial enemY, BYZantium, and to carVe out his oWn state in the HolY Land.
    [Show full text]
  • Kingdom of Heaven Rulebook
    RULES OF PLAY TABLE OF CONTENTS Rules of Play ........................................................................3 11. Interception ................................................................13 1. Introduction ....................................................................3 11.1 When Can An Interception Occur? .................................13 2. Game Components .......................................................3 11.2 Resolving an Interception Attempt ...................................13 2.1 Inventory .......................................................................................3 11.3 Successful Interceptions ........................................................14 2.2 Map ...............................................................................................3 11.4 Combining Interceptions and Avoidance ........................14 2.3 The Playing Pieces .......................................................................3 12. Avoiding Battles .........................................................14 2.4 The Cards ......................................................................................4 12.1 Avoiding Battle .......................................................................14 3. Important Definitions ..................................................4 12.2 Combining Interceptions and Avoidance ........................14 12.3 Continuation ...........................................................................14 4. Setting up the Game .....................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Jordan Guide
    FUNDACJA EUKLIDESA INSTYTUT ARCHEOLOGII UJ MINISTERSTWO NAUKI I SZKOLNICTWA WYŻSZEGO Southern Jordan Guide JORDAN CONTENTS Jordan - according to the official name - the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan - South Jordan 1 is a country located in the Middle East, in South-West Asia. Warsaw and Languages and dialects 3 Amman, or the capital of Jordan, are about 3,500 km apart. It is a country Jordanian cuisine with an area of about 89 thousand. km². 4 Nature and landscape The Jordanian Kingdom has its borders with Israel (238 km), Palestinian 5 Monuments Autonomy (97 km), Syria (375 km), Iraq (181 km) and Saudi Arabia (744 km). 25 The total length of the jordanian borders is 1635 km. Jordan also has a small Polish research 40 access to the sea, in the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), and the length of the coast Tourism is only 26 km. 55 About the guide 65 Jordan is a constitutional monarchy, and the current ruler is the king Abdullah II, son of King Hussein, descendant of the Hashemite dynasty. The Hashemites are an aristocratic Arabian tribe from the Quraysh tribe, descended from the grandfather of Prophet Muhammad, Hashim ibn Abd al-Manaf. Southern Jordan is the area located between Wadi Hasa and the Gulf of Aqaba, which can be also described as the historical land called Edom. It is an area divided along the meridional axis to: rocky-mountainous areas located on its western side and desert-highlands lying on its eastern side. In the west the boundary is also marked by the rift of the Jordan River, which is the northernmost part of the Abyssino Rig, which belongs to the Great African Ramps.
    [Show full text]
  • Sketch of the History of the Knights Templars
    Sketch of the History of the Knights Templars Author: James Burnes The Project Gutenberg eBook, Sketch of the History of the Knights Templars, by James Burnes This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Sketch of the History of the Knights Templars Second Edition Author: James Burnes Release Date: July 5, 2014 [eBook #46199] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF THE KNIGHTS TEMPLARS*** E-text prepared by Chris Curnow, Paul Marshall, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org) Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustrations. See 46199-h.htm or 46199-h.zip: (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46199/46199-h/46199-h.htm) or (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46199/46199-h.zip) Images of the original pages are available through Internet Archive. See https://archive.org/details/sketchofhistoryo00burn SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF THE KNIGHTS TEMPLARS, by JAMES BURNES LL.D. F.R.S. Knight of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order Second Edition. Illustrated with Plates. Wm. Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh; Payne & Foss, London; John Cumming, Dublin. Edinburgh, MDCCCXL. [Illustration] TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS Prince Augustus Frederick. DUKE OF SUSSEX, EARL OF INVERNESS, K.G.
    [Show full text]
  • Jordan Experience Study Guide
    Jordan Experience Study Guide Page 1 of 52 Amman 4 Al – Karak 8 Aqaba 13 Dead Sea 17 Jerash 19 Lot’s Cave 24 Machaerus 27 Madaba 29 Mount Nebo 30 Penuel 34 Petra 35 Red Sea 41 Tishbe 44 Umm Ar-Rasas 46 Umm Qais 47 in’Ma Zarqa 51 Page 2 of 52 Page 3 of 52 Amman Being situated north, Amman is the administrative centre of the Amman Governorate. It is the capital and most populated city of Jordan, considered to be one of the most liberal and modernized Arab cities. ‘Ain Ghazal is the earliest known settlement dating back to the Neolithic site, Amman itself being built on the site of “Rabbath Ammon” an Iron Age settlement, the capital of the Ammonites. During the Greek and Roman periods it was known as Philadelphia before being renamed as Amman. Modern Amman dates back to the 19th century AD, being abandoned for most of the medieval and post medieval periods, when a new village developed with its municipality being birthed in 1909. Starting on seven hills, it has expanded over 19 hills, combining 27 district, which are managed by the Greater Amman Municipality with Yousef Al-Shawarbeh as its mayor. Each are is named after the hills they occupy or the valleys. The west of Amman is more modern and serves as the economic centre of the city while the East side of Amman is filled with historuc sites that host cultural activities. Being found on the outskirts of Amman in 1974 by construction workers, the site of ‘Ain Ghazal was presumed to be inhabited 3000 during the 7000 BC, being a typical aceramic Neolithic village with rectangular mud-bricked buildings with walls made up of lime plaster.
    [Show full text]
  • Settlement on Lusignan Cyprus After the Latin Conquest: the Accounts of Cypriot and Other Chronicles and the Wider Context
    perspektywy kultury / Varia perspectives on culture No. 33 (2/2021) Nicholas Coureas http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8903-8459 Cyprus Research Centre in Nicosia [email protected] DOI: 10.35765/pk.2021.3302.12 Settlement on Lusignan Cyprus after the Latin Conquest: The Accounts of Cypriot and other Chronicles and the Wider Context ABSTRACT The accounts of various chronicles of the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries on settlement in Cyprus in the years following the Latin conquest, from the end of the twelfth to the early thirteenth century, will be examined and com- pared. The details provided by the chronicles, where the information given derived from, the biases present in the various accounts, the extent to which they are accurate, especially in cases where they are corroborated or refuted by documentary evidence, will all be discussed. The chronicles that will be referred to are the thirteenth century continuation of William of Tyre, that provides the fullest account of the settlement of Latin Christians and others on Cyprus after the Latin conquest, the fifteenth century chronicle of Leon- tios Makhairas, the anonymous chronicle of “Amadi” that is probably date- able to the early sixteenth century although for the section on thirteenth cen- tury Cypriot history it draws on earlier sources and the later sixteenth century chronicle of Florio Bustron. Furthermore, the Chorograffia and Description of Stephen de Lusignan, two chronicles postdating the conquest of Cyprus by the Ottoman Turks in 1570, will also be referred to on the subject of settle- ment in thirteenth century Cyprus. By way of comparison, the final part of the paper examines the extent to which the evidence of settlement in other Medi- terranean lands derives chiefly from chronicles or from documentary sources.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019Wilsonccphdpdf
    ‘To live is glory and to die is gain’: The Use of Battle Rhetoric in the Narrative Construction of Crusading and Holy War, c. 1099-c. 1222 Connor Christopher Wilson, B.A., M.A. (University of Lancaster). 2018 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. in History. 1 Declaration of Authorship I, Connor Wilson, declare that this thesis consists entirely of my own work. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is clearly demarcated in the text and notes. Signed ………………….. Dated ………………….. 2 Abstract This thesis constitutes a comparative study of contextualised language, concerned with the recurring rhetorical form of the pre-battle harangue in Latin historical narratives. Focusing upon battle rhetoric produced in the context of the early crusading movement, it utilizes comparative non-crusading material from a long twelfth century. Centrally the dissertation challenges previous scholarship which understood battle rhetoric as providing a direct insight into the psychology of medieval soldiery, that was by and large generic in nature. Instead, this thesis contends that battle rhetoric was an ideal opportunity for authors to dynamically emphasise particular themes, present didactic lessons and explore ideas of virtue, justice and faith through direct speech at climactic moments. Chapter One explores the classical and scriptural underpinnings of the teaching and use of rhetoric in medieval western Europe and contextualizes the Roman tradition of rhetoric as it came down to the twelfth century. It displays how the rhetorical tradition which influenced medieval authors presented the ‘invention’ of orations as more than ornamentation, and that the aims of rhetoric to teach, move and please involved a commitment to truth, ethics and moral worthiness.
    [Show full text]
  • The Crusades – from Christian, Jewish and Muslim Perspectives
    The Crusades – From Christian, Jewish and Muslim Perspectives 400 When Urban II preached the First Crusade at Clermont in 1095, he unleashed a movement that was seen and interpreted in many different ways. The first two documents tell the story from the perspective of Christian Europeans, the third tells thestory from the perspective of Jews and the last two documents tell the story from theperspective of Muslims. Document One: The Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres (Early Twelfth Century) [Recommended NOT REQUIRED reading] Fulcher of Chartres, a chaplain for one of the crusade leaders, wrote his account of the First Crusade for posterity. His chronicle is ordinarily very accurate, and he is careful to note the different experiences of different participants. It is all the more significant therefore, that he expresses the public view of the First Crusade by making liberal use of biblical quotations and imagery to describe the event. He saw it as the fulfillment of God's plan for humanity. In March of the year 1096 from the Lord's Incarnation, after Pope Urban had held the Council, which has been described, at Auvergne307 in November, some people, earlier prepared than others, hastened to begin the holy journey. Others followed in April o rMay, June or July, and also in August, September, or October, whenever the opportunity of securing expenses presented itself. In that year, with God disposing, peace and a vast abundance of grain and wine overflowed through all the regions of the earth, so that they who chose to follow Him with their crosses according to His commands did not fail on the way for lack of bread.
    [Show full text]
  • Crusader Rex
    CRUSADER REX 1.11 Town Rating Rulebook Organization Town Rating is the number of shields This rulebook is formatted so that the sidebar near a town's name. Most towns have 1-4 (this column) contains designer and historical shields. Minor towns have no shields. notes to help you understand and enjoy this game. 1.12 Town Control Fog-of-War Saracen towns are in SYRIA and EGYPT . Surprise is an exciting aspect of Crusader Rex. They are friendly to the Saracen unless Blocks generally stand upright facing the owner. occupied by Frank blocks. This promotes bluff and innovative strategies because players are uncertain of the strength or Frank towns are within the realms of identity of an enemy block. ANTIOCH , TRIPOLI , and JERUSALEM . They are friendly to the Frank unless occupied Battle Sites by Saracen blocks. The main battles of the period are shown on the map for interest, red for Frank victories and Masyaf is the Kingdom of the Assassins green for Saracen victories. and cannot be entered by other blocks. Names & Places IMPORTANT: Changes to town control Modern day translations of names and places are effective instantly. Occupying any from the Crusading era can vary. When vacant enemy town makes it immediately confronted with spelling choices, we have friendly, but it instantly reverts to enemy generally deferred to Lyons & Jackson’s Saladin: control if vacated. The Politics of Holy War. INTRODUCTION Towns have two playable areas: castle Town Control Crusader Rex is a game covering the and field. In a siege, one player defends Because changes to town control are effective Third Crusade.
    [Show full text]