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Southern Jordan Guide

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FUNDACJA EUKLIDESA INSTYTUT ARCHEOLOGII UJ MINISTERSTWO NAUKI I SZKOLNICTWA WYŻSZEGO Southern Jordan Guide JORDAN CONTENTS Jordan - according to the official name - the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan - South Jordan 1 is a country located in the Middle East, in South-West Asia. Warsaw and Languages and dialects 3 Amman, or the capital of Jordan, are about 3,500 km apart. It is a country Jordanian cuisine with an area of about 89 thousand. km². 4 Nature and landscape The Jordanian Kingdom has its borders with Israel (238 km), Palestinian 5 Monuments Autonomy (97 km), Syria (375 km), Iraq (181 km) and Saudi Arabia (744 km). 25 The total length of the jordanian borders is 1635 km. Jordan also has a small Polish research 40 access to the sea, in the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), and the length of the coast Tourism is only 26 km. 55 About the guide 65 Jordan is a constitutional monarchy, and the current ruler is the king Abdullah II, son of King Hussein, descendant of the Hashemite dynasty. The Hashemites are an aristocratic Arabian tribe from the Quraysh tribe, descended from the grandfather of Prophet Muhammad, Hashim ibn Abd al-Manaf. Southern Jordan is the area located between Wadi Hasa and the Gulf of Aqaba, which can be also described as the historical land called Edom. It is an area divided along the meridional axis to: rocky-mountainous areas located on its western side and desert-highlands lying on its eastern side. In the west the boundary is also marked by the rift of the Jordan River, which is the northernmost part of the Abyssino Rig, which belongs to the Great African Ramps. Areas in the east of the region pass into the vast deserts of the Arabian Peninsula - the largest peninsula in the world. Roman road built by Emperor Traian – Via Southern Nova Traiana. Southern Jordan contains also the most famous monuments associated throughout Jordan the world with Jordan – the red rocks and tombs of Petra – and the extraordinary landscapes of Jordan – according to the Wadi Rum, which played the role of Mars in official name – the Hashemite Kingdom of many Hollywood movies and productions. Jordan – is a country located in the Middle East, in South-West Asia. Warsaw and Amman, or the capital of Jordan, are about 3,500 km apart. It is a country with an area of about 89 thousand. km². The Jordanian Kingdom has its borders with Israel (238 km), Palestinian Autonomy (97 km), Syria (375 km), Iraq (181 km) and Saudi Arabia (744 km). The total length of the jordanian borders is 1635 km. Jordan also has a small access to the sea, in the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), and the length of the coast is only 26 km. Jordan is a constitutional monarchy, and the current ruler is the king Abdullah II, son of King Hussein, descendant of the Hashemite dynasty. The Hashemites are an aristocratic Arabian tribe from the Quraysh tribe, descended from the grandfather of Prophet Muhammad, Hashim ibn Abd al-Manaf. Southern Jordan is the area located between Wadi Hasa and the Gulf of Aqaba, which can be also described as the historical land called Edom. It is an area divided along the meridional axis to: rocky-mountainous areas located on its western side and desert-highlands lying on its eastern side. In the west the boundary is also marked by the rift of the Jordan River, which is the northernmost part of the Abyssino Rig, which belongs to the Great African Ramps. Areas in the east of the region pass into the vast deserts of the Arabian Peninsula – the largest peninsula in the world. Through the area of southern Jordan one of the most famous trade and pilgrimage routes of antiquity and the Middle Ages are running, i.e. famous King’s Road. There are also clearly visible in the region relics of the eastern border of the Roman Empire – Limes Arabicus and the concentrated in the At-Tafila and Ash-Shawbak districts. The language and dialects used in this area are also an interesting topic. It is worth noting that the area of southern Jordan is still inhabited largely by the Bedouin population and there are dialects that belong to the Bedouin group of dialects. However, this does not change the fact that Bedouins in the south of the country speak a completely different way than Bedouins in the middle of Jordan. Bedouin accents vary It is worth knowing, however, that the southern depending on the tribe and you can see Jordan has much more to offer for the visitors! significant differences in them. Inhabitants of We will find here dozens of places marked by central and southern Jordan are able to human presence from the earliest to modern understand the Amman, because it is the most times. Archaeological sites from the Paleolithic, popular dialect in Jordan, it is also the closest to Neolithic, Bronze and Iron ages, as well as the classical Arabic language. It would be countless relics of the Nabateans and Romans harder to come the other way – a resident of the are the landmarks of this exceptional area. It is capital would probably not understand the also impossible not to notice the extraordinary Bedouins if he did not have contact with them heritage of the Middle Ages with the before. What may be a surprise for some, magnificent Shawbak Castle and the crusader Bedouin inhabitants of the desert, despite the strongholds in Al-Habis and Al-Wueira, as well fact that they still have a traditional, nomadic as many Byzantine cities and buildings scattered lifestyle, are able to speak fluent in classical all over Southern Jordan. Arabic. All this thanks to television and the Internet. While watching various programs, they have contact with the classical language all the time, which does not change the fact that it is a EXPLORE THE SOUTHERN JORDANIAN bit unnatural for them, and sometimes even MONUMENTS funny because none of them speak to each other in everyday life. Generally, throughout Jordan, EXPLORE THE NATURE OF SOUTHERN people easily change fluently to literary JORDAN language, which mainly results from the fact that the vast majority of society is educated and that the Jordan dialect is very similar to the language of the Koran, so it is easy to learn it. Rich and fascinating cultural landscape of southern Jordan attracted Polish archaeologists, Inhabitants of the south of the country, based on naturalists and popularizers of science and a few minutes’ talk, are able to tell where the became the place of their work for years. For interlocutor comes from. They are very sensitive several years, scientists have been conducting to the accent, because it determines the excavation and environmental research here, perception of their origin among other people. expanding our knowledge about the history and However, this does not prevent them from nature of the region. Their work is currently communicating; dialects in this part of Jordan are so close to each other that the inhabitants understand each other without any major problems. It is also worth remembering that all the countries of the Middle East region share a common history, culture, and above all religion, which is extremely important to them. Anyway, it is the Koran – the holy book of Muslims – which is written in the classic language and is thus a model of Arabic style and grammar. Literary language is common to the whole community not only Arab but Muslim in general. Muslims around the world are praying in Arabic because they used to believe that the Koran cannot be translated into any other language. Traditional costumes of the population living in the region are richly decorated, and especially the women’s clothing is characterized by jewelry dripping from gold, silver and precious stones. Wealth and traditions of men’s clothing can be admired, for example, by looking at the traditional costumes of policemen who wear them, for example, in the Archaeological Park The Jordan cuisine is very in Petra. strongly rooted in traditions that have developed in the present Jordan for millennia. We will find in it clear influences of Mediterranean cuisine – Lebanese and Syrian, Palestinian or Egyptian, as well as many elements of the native Bedouin tradition. The most important dishes common to the whole region are of course known to everyone: hummus, ful, mutabal, falafel, shawarmah and tabouleh. We’ll all be interested in the right moment. Let’s focus on the national dish of Jordan – mansaf. Everyone who travels alone to Arab countries or have friends in the Middle East is well aware of the Arabic saying – “The guest is in the power of the host.” Hospitality and giving honor to guests is revealed here not only by the wealth of dishes appearing on the table (under normal conditions seldom eaten by the hosts in such abundance), but also by their sizes, often many times exceeding the capabilities of people gathered at the table. The guest cannot leave hungry, cannot refuse an addition or just be content to try dishes. It should be eaten with knowledge, ideas, ideas and gusto, absorbing the largest portions of respect values, skills, traditions, for the hosts. However, this is not an unpleasant messages, but also related duty but a pure pleasure to immerse yourself in artifacts, objects and places. It the fabulous world of flavors and aromas. creates our group, national, ethnic or religious identity. In Mansaf is an unusual dish and is not served southern Jordan, it is a collection of many every day, it is a symbol and ritual associated important elements derived from the tradition with the reception of the most important guests and history of the region.
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