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Architectural Style Guide Lexington’s Historic Resources: A Heritage in Architecture 1 Lexington’s Historic Resources: A Heritage in Architecture Architectural Style Guide Compiled from various sources including Mass. Sec’y of State, Architectural Heritage Education field guide (1980) Greater Portland Landmarks, Living with Old Houses (1975) Virginia and Lee McAlester, A Field Guide to American Houses (1993) Lexington Historical Commission Revised 08-18 2 Index of Styles ◦ (a) First Period Houses,1630 – 1730 ……………………………………… 4 ◦ (b) Georgian Style, 1720 - 1780 ……………………………………………. 6 ◦ (c) Federal Style, 1780 – 1830 ………………………………………………. 8 ◦ (d) Greek Revival, 1830 – 1860 ……………………………………………… 10 ◦ (e) Italianate, 1840 – 1880…………………………………………………….. 13 ◦ (f) Gothic Revival, 1840 - 1880 ……………………………………………… 15 ◦ (g) Mansard/Second Empire, 1855 – 1885 ……………………………. 17 ◦ (h) Stick Style, 1870 – 1890 .………………………………………………….. 19 ◦ (i) Shingle Style, 1880 – 1910 ………………………………………………… 21 ◦ (j) Queen Anne, 1875 – 1910 ……………………………………………….. 23 ◦ (k) Romanesque Revival, 1840 -1900 ……………………………………. 25 ◦ (l) Colonial Revival, 1885 – 1910 …………………………………………… 27 ◦ (m) Tudor Revival, 1900 – 1940 ……………………………………………. 30 ◦ (n) Arts & Crafts/Craftsman/Bungalow, 1905 – 1930 ……………. 32 ◦ (o) Dutch Colonial Revival, 1900 – 1940 ……………………………….. 34 ◦ (p) Spanish Colonial Revival/20th Century Eclectic, 1915–1940 36 ◦ (q) “Cape Cod,” 1930 – 1960………………………………………………… 38 ◦ (r) Mid-Century Modern, 1945 – 1970…………………………………… 41 3 First Period Houses, 1630 – 1730 Some things to look for are - steeply pitched, side-gabled roof with little or no eave overhang - no cornice detailing - small windows with narrow surrounds - vertical board doors - originally one room deep - First Period houses have always either been updated with later detailing or restored to their earlier appearance 4 First Period Houses, 1630 – 1730 Abraham Browne House, Watertown, ca. John Mason House, 1303 Massachusetts Avenue, 1698, restored, 1924 ca. 1715, altered ca. 1800 5 Georgian Style, 1720 - 1780 Some things to look for are - classical trim framing the front door – pediment, entablature and grooved (fluted) pilasters - house sits close to the ground - wide side walls - narrow, almost flat trim along the side edges of the roof (flush eaves) - windows with many small panes (12/12) - windows that fit tightly under front roof eaves - windows with small hip roofs over projecting window frames - large central chimney - row of glass panes (transom) set directly over the door 6 Georgian Style, 1720 - 1780 1377 Massachusetts Avenue, 1795 Buckman Tavern, 1 Bedford Street, 1710 7 Federal Style, 1780 - 1830 Some things to look for are - symmetrical appearance with flat, horizontal lines - two or four chimneys in gable end walls or set in from gable ends - windows usually spaced evenly, with shutters - occasional Palladian windows - delicate classical trim on windows and cornices - elaborate fan doorways, with side lights - occasional hip roofs - frequent brick construction 8 Federal Style, 1780 - 1830 517 Massachusetts Avenue, ca. 1830 782 Massachusetts Avenue, ca. 1833 177 Concord Avenue, ca. 1802 9 Greek Revival, 1830 - 1860 Some things to look for are Some things to look for are - pilasters at corners - pediment - a large porch across the entire front, with a pediment and entablature - entablature at front and side roof eaves - tall fluted columns with no moldings at the bottom - pilasters at corners - entrance with a row of glass panes (transom) at the top and long - entrance with a row of glass panes (transom ) at the top and long sidelights sidelights - small window panes (6/6) - long first floor windows in the front - entablature and pilasters that frame the doorway - pilasters at the corners with long panels inside 10 Greek Revival, 1830 - 1860 26 Hancock Street, c. 1840 14 Glen Road South, 1835, moved 1913 11 Greek Revival, 1830 - 1860 113 Concord Avenue, between 1830-1852; condo’d ca. 2001 12 Italianate, 1840 - 1880 Some things to look for are Some things to look for are - brackets at the roof edge, windows and porch - brackets at the roof edge, windows, tower and porch - round-arched windows - round or segmental- arched windows, some in pairs - windows with shelves at the top and tiny brackets at the bottom - windows with drip moldings - square posts on a long porch - deeply overhanging roof eaves - pilasters at corners with long panels inside - other classical features such as cornerblocks, railings (balustrades), pediments - one-story bay window and keystones in the arches - round arches in the door 13 Italianate, 1840 – 1880 89-91Bedford Street, 1851 Chandler House, 8 Goodwin Road, 1846 14 Gothic Revival, 1840 - 1880 Some things to look for are - steeply pitched roof with steep cross gables and dormers - decorated “vergeboards” or bargeboards - windows with pointed arches - one-story porch 15 Gothic Revival, 1840 - 1880 16 Hancock Street, probably 1840 186 Bedford Street, 1874 16 Mansard/Second Empire, 1855 - 1885 Some things to look for are - Mansard roof which can curve in, curve out or be straight-sided - windows with drip moldings - windows with shelves at the top and tiny brackets at the bottom - towers and bay windows - patterned slate on the roof - roof dormers that are almost flat and have rounded tops - a low, metal railing (cresting) along the top of the roof - Italianate trim: - brackets at the roof edge, windows and porch - round or segmental arched windows, sometimes in pairs 17 Mansard/Second Empire, 1855 - 1885 87 Waltham Street, 1870-75 5 Hancock Avenue, c. 1873 18 Stick Style, 1870 - 1890 Some things to look for are - diagonal, vertical and horizontal stickwork in trim, balconies and porches - high, steep roof - projecting eaves supported by exposed framing in gable end - many spindly chimneys - extensive porches with roofs supported by columns with diagonal braces 19 Stick Style, 1870 - 1890 36 Forest Street, c. 1886 39 Highland Avenue, 1887 20 Shingle Style, 1880 - 1910 Some things to look for are - walls covered completely with wooden shingles - roofs sweeping down over cave-like porch areas - broad gambrel or gable roofs - simple, narrow trim at the roof edges (flush eaves) - stonework with rough surfaces in the first story - rounded forms: towers, tower roofs, curved window tops (and sometimes sides) - thick porch posts – shingled or of stone 21 Shingle Style, 1880 - 1910 25 Oakland Street, 1887 7 Bennington Road, 1896 22 Queen Anne, 1875 - 1910 Some things to look for are - tower with a pointed roof - bay window with slanted sides underneath a rectangular projection - fancy wooden shingles in different patterns - vergeboards (hanging from the porch roof) that are made of solid pieces of wood - porch posts with rounded shapes - brackets with holes in them - doors with glass in the upper part 23 Queen Anne, 1875 - 1910 2016 Massachusetts Avenue, 60 Bloomfield Street, 1893 16 Oakland Street, 1888 between 1890-1903 24 Romanesque Revival, 1840 -1900 Some things to look for are - round topped arches over windows, porch support, entrance - masonry walls with rough-faced, squared stonework - round towers with conical roofs - asymmetrical facade 25 Romanesque Revival, 1840 -1900 Oakmount, Hayes Estate, Meriam Hill, 1884-1941 Hancock School, 33 Forest Street, 1891 26 Colonial Revival, 1885 - 1910 Some things to look for are - oversized features – huge dormers, large porches, wide entrances with large fanlight and decorated sidelights - two-story rounded bay windows on either side of the front door - extensive use of classical details: - windows with single panes in the bottom and small panes in the top - railings (balustrades) over porches and along decks - pediments with many shapes, especially in dormers - many columns - Palladian arched windows and oval windows - entablature and decoration at cornice - smooth columns in the porch - corner pilasters 27 Colonial Revival, 1885 - 1910 25 Adams Street, 1905 46 Hancock Street, 1897 28 Colonial Revival, 1885 - 1910 27 Meriam Street, 1889 29 Tudor Revival, 1900 - 1940 Some things to look for are - steeply pitched roof, usually side-gabled - prominent cross-gable on facade - half-timbering on facade - tall, narrow windows with multiple panes - massive chimneys 30 Tudor Revival, 1900 - 1940 11 Taft Avenue, 1933-1937 39 Meriam Street, 1939 31 Arts & Crafts/Craftsman/Bungalow ,1905 - 1930 Some things to look for are - low pitched, gable roofs with wide eave overhang - exposed roof rafters - decorative beams or braces under gables - porches with tapered square columns 32 Arts & Crafts/Craftsman/Bungalow, 1905 - 1930 44 Fletcher Avenue, 1928 67 Lowell Street, 1921 33 Dutch Colonial Revival, 1900 - 1940 Some things to look for are - one to one and one half stories - side-gabled or side- gambreled roof with little or no eaves - entrance doors with separately opening upper and lower halves 34 Dutch Colonial Revival, 1900 - 1940 42 Bertwell Road, c. 1924 35 Spanish Colonial Revival/20th Century Eclectic, 1915 - 1940 Some things to look for are - low pitched roof, with little or no eave overhang - red tile roof covering - one or more prominent arches placed above door or principal window, or beneath porch roof - wall surface usually stucco - façade usually asymmetrical 36 Spanish Colonial Revival/20th Century Eclectic, 1915 - 1940 Journey’s End, 110 Shade Street, 1937 39 Locust Avenue, 1919 37 “Cape Cod,” 1930 - 1960 Some things to look for are - side-gabled roofs - two-room widths - one to one and a half stories - central or paired end chimneys - symmetrical facades with shuttered
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