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The Death Penalty in Belarus
Part 1. Histor ical Overview The Death Penalty in Belarus Vilnius 2016 1 The Death Penalty in Belarus The documentary book, “The Death Penalty in Belarus”, was prepared in the framework of the campaign, “Human Rights Defenders against the Death Penalty in Belarus”. The book contains information on the death penalty in Belarus from 1998 to 2016, as it was in 1998 when the mother of Ivan Famin, a man who was executed for someone else’s crimes, appealed to the Human Rights Center “Viasna”. Among the exclusive materials presented in this publication there is the historical review, “A History of The Death Penalty in Belarus”, prepared by Dzianis Martsinovich, and a large interview with a former head of remand prison No. 1 in Minsk, Aleh Alkayeu, under whose leadership about 150 executions were performed. This book is designed not only for human rights activists, but also for students and teachers of jurisprudence, and wide public. 2 Part 1. Histor ical Overview Life and Death The Death penalty. These words evoke different feelings and ideas in different people, including fair punishment, cruelty and callousness of the state, the cold steel of the headsman’s axe, civilized barbarism, pistol shots, horror and despair, revolutionary expediency, the guillotine with a basket where the severed heads roll, and many other things. Man has invented thousands of ways to kill his fellows, and his bizarre fantasy with the methods of execution is boundless. People even seem to show more humanness and rationalism in killing animals. After all, animals often kill one another. A well-known Belarusian artist Lionik Tarasevich grows hundreds of thoroughbred hens and roosters on his farm in the village of Validy in the Białystok district. -
Preliminary Monitoring of Human Rights Center “Viasna” Concerning Tortures and Facts of Other Kinds of Inhumane Treatment Towards Citizens of Belarus
REVIEW-CHRONICLE OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN BELARUS IN 2004 2 REVIEW-CHRONICLE OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN BELARUS IN 2004 PREAMBLE: CONCLUSIONS AND GENERALIZATIONS In 2004 the political situation in Belarus was distinguished by further worsening of the situation of human rights and the relations between the state and individuals. Regular and deliberate human rights violations became a necessary condition for the strengthening of the unlimited dictatorial power – infringements of human rights served as the funda¬ment for authoritarianism and were a favorable environment for the development of totalitarianism. One of the main factors that influenced the public and political situation in Belarus in 2004 was the Parliamentary election and the nationwide referendum concerning the possibility to prolong Aliaksandr Luka¬shenka’s presidential powers. The need for the liquidation of the cons¬ti¬tutional restriction of the number of possible presidential terms defined the state policy and influenced it in all circles of public life. This factor ma¬nifested in the sphere of human rights with the aggravation of the rep¬ressions against political opponents and prosecution of opposition-mindedness, enforcement of new discriminative legal acts, further limitation of the freedom of the press, violation of the liberty of peaceful assemblies and associations and other obstacles for the enjoyment of personal liberties by citizens of Belarus. Citizens of Belarus were deprived of the right to take part in the state government with the assistance of elected representatives. The election to the Chamber of Representatives wasn’t free and democratic. It was conducted according to the scenario that was prepared by the authorities in complete conformity with the “wishes” A. -
The “Belarus Factor” from Balancing to Bridging Geopolitical Dividing Lines in Europe?
The “Belarus factor” From balancing to bridging geopolitical dividing lines in Europe? Clingendael Report Tony van der Togt The “Belarus factor” From balancing to bridging geopolitical dividing lines in Europe? Tony van der Togt Clingendael Report January 2017 January 2017 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’. Cover photo: The leaders of Belarus, Russia, Germany, France and Ukraine after signing the Minsk II agreement, February 2015. © In Terris Online Newspaper Unauthorized use of any materials violates copyright, trademark and / or other laws. Should a user download material from the website or any other source related to the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, or the Clingendael Institute, for personal or non-commercial use, the user must retain all copyright, trademark or other similar notices contained in the original material or on any copies of this material. Material on the website of the Clingendael Institute may be reproduced or publicly displayed, distributed or used for any public and non-commercial purposes, but only by mentioning the Clingendael Institute as its source. Permission is required to use the logo of the Clingendael Institute. This can be obtained by contacting the Communication desk of the Clingendael Institute ([email protected]). The following web link activities are prohibited by the Clingendael Institute and may present trademark and copyright infringement issues: links that involve unauthorized use of our logo, framing, inline links, or metatags, as well as hyperlinks or a form of link disguising the URL. About the author Tony van der Togt is Senior Research Fellow at the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ in The Hague. -
Belarus 2018
Monitoring the Right to Free Assembly Natallia Satsunkevich Dmitry Chernyh Nasta Loika 2017 Belarus 2018 #right2freeassembly Table of Contents I. Executive Summary 5 II. Background and Context 6 III. Legal Framework 17 IV. Administration of Freedom of Assembly 22 Positive practices of administration of peaceful assemblies 26 V. Policing of Assemblies 29 Appeals against actions 31 Authors: Natallia Satsunkevich (Human Rights Center “Viasna”); Dmitry Chernyh (The National Mass-media and peaceful assemblies 31 Human Rights Public Association “Belorusian Helsinki Committee”); Nasta Loika (Advisory Centre on contemporary international practices and implementation in law “Human Constanta”) Repressions against the monitors of Published in January 2019 peaceful assemblies 33 The monitoring report was conducted as part of the ‘Monitoring the Right to Free Assembly’ regional project, managed by the European VI. Criminalization of Protests 36 Center for Not-for-Profit Law (ECNL). The project is made possible by Preventive detention 40 the International Center for Not-for-Profit Law (ICNL) through the Civic Space Initiative. VII. Recommendations 43 This publication is wholly financed by the Government of Sweden. The Government of Sweden does not LITERATURE 44 necessarily share the opinions here within expressed. The author bears the sole responsibility for the content. Copyright © 2019 by the European Center for Not-for-Profit Law, Viasna, Belorusian Helsinki Committee, and Human Constanta”. All rights reserved. (Stock photos are provided by Unsplash) I. Executive Summary The right to peaceful assembly is guaranteed mass-media representatives), and also public to everyone by the Universal Declaration information. The authors of the report hope of Human Rights and other international that the provided information will be used as a documents. -
C., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, Telephone 978-750-8400, Fax 978-750-4470
Report No: ACS13961 . Republic of Belarus Public Disclosure Authorized Regional Development Policy Notes The Spatial Dimension of Structural Change . June 22, 2015 Public Disclosure Authorized . GMFDR EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA . Public Disclosure Authorized . Document of the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Standard Disclaimer: This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, http://www.copyright.com/. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202- 522-2422, e-mail [email protected]. -
Prevalence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Ixodes Ricinus and Dermacentor
VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY BORIS MOSSE Prevalence of Tick-Borne encephalitis in Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in Belarus Bachelor Thesis “Biology and Genetics” study program, state code 6121DX011 Life Sciences SUPERVISOR: ALGIMANTAS PAULAUSKAS DEAN OF THE FACULTY: PROF. DR. SAULIUS MICKEVIČIUS KAUNAS 2020 1 Experimental work was done during autumn semester 2019. Reviewer of the bachelor’s thesis is: The work is defended: at a remote public meeting of the Bachelor's Thesis Defense Commission on 18s of june, 2020, 9:00 remotely. Vytautas Magnus University, Department of Biology. Address of the department: Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos street 8, lt-44404, Kaunas, republic of Lithuania. 2 CONTENTS SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 5 Main goal of the work: ................................................................................................................ 5 Tasks of the work: ................................................................................................................... 5 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................ 6 1. General biology of Ixodes ticks ........................................................................................... -
— Special Report —
FROM THE HISTORY OF THE BELARUSIAN REVOLUTION — SPECIAL REPORT — 11/19/2020 FROM THE HISTORY OF THE BELARUSIAN REVOLUTION Publisher: Warsaw Institute Wilcza St. 9 00-538 Warsaw, Poland +48 22 417 63 15 www.warsawinstitute.org [email protected] Authors: Grzegorz Kuczyński – Director of Eurasia Program, Warsaw Institute Jędrzej Duszyński – Executive Assistant, Warsaw Institute Editor: Maciej Śmigiel Translation and proofreading: Paweł Andrejczuk Typesetting and formatting: Dariusz Ligęza –L.STUDIO Front page photo: Pexels/Artem Podrez The opinions and positions presented in this publication reflect the views of the authors only. © Warsaw Institute 2020 2 Special Report www.warsawinstitute.org FROM THE HISTORY OF THE BELARUSIAN REVOLUTION TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 THE BELARUSIAN REVOLUTION: THE BEGINNING AND THE END (?) 5 ROUND TABLE ON BELARUS: REPORT ON THE DEBATE 13 #BelarusAlert REVOLUTION DAY BY DAY 16 AUTHORS 59 www.warsawinstitute.org Special Report 3 FROM THE HISTORY OF THE BELARUSIAN REVOLUTION INTRODUCTION On August 9, 2020, Belarus held a fraudulent presidential election, which was officially won by Alexander Lukashenko, who has been ruling the country since 1994. Even taking into account the whole spectrum of anti-democratic actions characterizing the regime in Minsk, it could be said that it was a kind of a break- through moment, after which the Belarusian society has said “enough.” This was additionally influenced by the economic situation of the country and disappoint- ment with the actions of the authorities against the coronavirus pandemic. The Belarusian people decided to express their dissatisfaction by protesting on a scale which was unprecedented in the history of this country, at the same time attracting the attention of the whole world. -
The Republic of Belarus
9 7 8 9 8 5 7 1 3 6 9 0 2 The Republic of Belarus and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Рэспубліка Беларусь і Еўрапейская хартыя рэгіянальных моў або моў меншасцяў Республика Беларусь и Европейская хартия региональных языков или языков меньшинств Conclusions of the Council of Europe/European Union project “Promoting the standards of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in Bela- rus” 2016−2017 Высновы праекта Савета Еўропы / Еўрапейскага Саюза «Садзейнічанне стан- дартам Еўрапейскай хартыі рэгіянальных моў або моў меншасцяў у Беларусі» 2016−2017 Заключения проекта Совета Европы / Европейского союза «Содействие стан- дартам Европейской хартии региональных языков или языков меньшинств в Беларуси» 2016−2017 гг. Минск «Медисонт» 2019 3 Contents | Змест | Содержание FOREWORDS УСТУПНАЕ СЛОВА ВСТУПИТЕЛЬНОЕ СЛОВО I. The history of the traditional national minorities in the Republic of Belarus 15 Гісторыя традыцыйных нацыянальных меншасцяў у Рэспубліцы Беларусь История традиционных национальных меньшинств в Республике Беларусь Die Geschichte der traditionellen nationalen Minderheiten in der Republik Belarus Rudolf Mark Рудольф Марк Рудольф Марк Jews 17 Габрэі 21 Евреи 25 29 יוראַ Juden 32 Latvians 40 Латышы 43 Латыши 46 Latvieši 49 Letten 52 Lithuanians 56 Літоўцы 59 Литовцы 62 Lietuviai 66 Litauer 69 Germans 76 Немцы 80 Немцы 84 Deutsche 88 Poles 94 Палякі 98 Поляки 102 Polacy 106 Polen 110 Roma 118 Рома 120 Рома 122 Рома 125 Roma 127 Ukrainians 130 4 5 Украінцы 132 Deutsch 216 Украинцы 134 Polish 220 Українці 136 Польская мова 221 Ukrainer 139 Польский язык 222 Tatars 144 Język polski 223 Татары 147 Romani 226 Татары 150 Цыганская (ромская мова) 226 Татар 153 Цыганский (ромский язык) 227 Tataren 156 Цыганский язык (романы чхиб) 228 Estonians 160 Ukrainian 230 Эстонцы 162 Украінская мова 230 Эстонцы 164 Украинский язык 231 Eestlased 167 Українськая мова 233 Esten 169 Tatar 236 II. -
“Preventing Non-Communicable Diseases, Promoting Healthy Lifestyle and Support to Modernization of the Health System in Belarus” (BELMED)
“Preventing non-communicable diseases, promoting healthy lifestyle and support to modernization of the health system in Belarus” (BELMED) FINAL PROGRAMME1 NARRATIVE REPORT REPORTING PERIOD: 20 NOVEMBER 2015 – 31 AUGUST 2020 Country, Locality(s), Priority Area(s) / Programme Title & Project Number Strategic Results2 ● Programme Title: “Preventing non- Country/Region: communicable diseases, promoting healthy The Republic of Belarus lifestyle and support to modernization of the Priority area/ strategic results: health system in Belarus” Promoting effective prevention of NCDs and ● Programme Number (if applicable): strengthening national health system to ENPI/2014/352-372 effectively address the challenges of NCDs in ● MPTF Office Project Reference Number:3 the Republic of Belarus 00093066 Participating Organization(s) Implementing Partners ● UNDP Ministry of Health ● WHO ● UNICEF ● UNFPA Programme/Project Cost (US$) Programme Duration Total approved budget as per Overall Duration: 57 months, Project document: € 4 100 000 MPTF /JP Contribution4: 11 days ● by Agency (if applicable) Agency Contribution Start Date5 20.11.2015 UNDP, WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA - € 300 000 Government Contribution Original End Date6 (if applicable) 19.11.2019 1 The term “programme” is used for programmes, joint programmes and Projects. 2 Strategic Results, as formulated in the Strategic UN Planning Framework (e.g. UNDAF) or Project document; 3 The MPTF Office Project Reference Number is the same number as the one on the Notification message. It is also referred to as “Project ID” on the Project’s factsheet page the MPTF Office GATEWAY 4 The MPTF or JP Contribution, refers to the amount transferred to the Participating UN Organizations, which is available on the MPTF Office GATEWAY 5 The start date is defined by the date in the signed project document. -
MAP of TOLL ROADS in BELARUS Version of 01.11.19
EN MAP OF TOLL ROADS IN BELARUS Version of 01.11.19 Рига Резекне Псков, Санкт-Петербург Rīga RēzeknR e Pskov, Sankt-Peterburg ИЛУКСТЕ ILŪKSTE Освея РОКИШКИС КРАСЛАВА БЕЛЫЙ KRĀSLAVA Asvieja Езерище ROKIŠKIS Григоровщина а BELYJ РАДВИЛИШКИС Jeziaryšča ж Hryharaŭščyna Россоны ё RADVILIŠKIS ДАУГ Rasony М ПАНЕВЕЖИС АВПИЛС ВЕРХНЕДВИНСК DAUGAVPILS Урбаны VIERCHNIADZVІNSK Дретунь Е95 PANEVĖŽYS Dretuń ВЕЛИЖ Urbany VELIŽ З а а Д НОВОПОЛОЦК М8 у п Р20 б . NAVAPOLACK и БРАСЛАВ МИОРЫ Двина Веречье с ДИСНА а BRASLAŬ MIORY ГОРОДОК Viarečča Клайпед н Klaipėda DZІSNA и а ПОЛОЦК K Дв УТЕНА а HARADO . РАСЕЙНЯЙ исн POLACK п UTENA Д а ДЕМИДОВ А RASEINIAI КЕДАЙНЯЙ Р45 Шумилино З ДУХОВЩИН Шарк DEMIDOV KĖDAINIAI УКМЕРГЕ овщина Šumіlіna DUHOVŠČINA Moskva Šarkaŭščyna Москв UKMERGĖ Р20 CP4 с ВИТЕБСК ямун и и Н ас й K8 ж о K7 ПОСТАВЫ VІCIEBSK а е т Ушачи М3 в ян PASTAVY Р21 BDP1 я в Ušačy ЯРЦЕВО Н Ш ГЛУБОКОЕ 53 km JARCEVO HLYBOKAJE Лиозно РУДНЯ Н я Бешенковичи Liozna СМОЛЕНСК ри МЯДЕЛЬ Лиозно RUDNJA КАУНАС с Biešankovіčy Е95 Liozna SMOLENSK КАЙШЯДОРИС MIADZIEL KAUNAS М8 р KAIŠIA ия BDP13 п DORYS ил ЛЕПЕЛЬ ЧАШНИКИ е ВИЛКАВИШКИС Котловка В ДОКШИЦЫ н DP29 LIEPIEL BDP15 VILKAVIŠKIS ПРЕНАЙ Katloŭka DOKŠYCY ČAŠNІKІ СЕННО K9 Редьки Д М3 608 km PRIENAI ВИЛЬНЮС Бегомль SIANNO DP1 Redźkі Лоша Biahomĺ VILNIU НОВОЛУКОМЛЬ 568 km пр S BDP4 Loša Дне ОСТРОВЕЦ Р28 NOVALUKOMĹ ASTR М3 ОВНО МАРИЯМПОЛЕ AVIEC K10 ДУБР Каменный Лог DP3 М1 DUBROŬNA MARIJAMPOLĖ DP27 K6 Плещеницы Kamienny Loh Дружная 69 km Plieščanіcy 514 km РАНЬ ОРША К ВИЛЕЙКА БА Družnaja ПОЧИНО ШАЛЬ СМОРГОНЬ DP4 BARAŃ -
Contract Awards Above EUR 15,000, Made in 2017 Within the Frameworks of EU Funded Project “Preventing Non-Communicable Diseas
Contract awards above EUR 15,000, made in 2017 within the frameworks of EU funded project “Preventing non-communicable diseases, promoting healthy lifestyle and support to modernization of the health system in Belarus” (00094742) Amount Contract award Company name Country Goods/ services (equivalent in EUR) was made, date Public Organization "APB-BirdLife Belarus" Belarus 48,780 27/10/2017 Grant Brest Oblast Youth Public Association "Person with Disability Belarus 46,391 20/12/2017 Grant and Environment" Biaroza District Ecological Public Association "EcoRegion Belarus 33,350 31/10/2017 Grant "Yaselda" Homiel Oblast Public Association of People with Belarus 43,075 20/12/2017 Grant Musculoskeletal Disabilities “Invalidy-spinalniki” Public Association "Council of the Fathers in Homiel" Belarus 30,799 15/11/2017 Grant Department for Education, Sports and Tourism of Belarus 24,454 31/10/2017 Grant Svietlahorsk District Executive Committee ZAO “Mapsoft” Belarus 58,000 19/12/2017 Services Contract awards above EUR 15 000, made in 2017 within the frameworks of EU funded project “Supporting the Transition to a Green Economy in the Republic of Belarus” (00081657/00090852) Company name Country Amount Contract award Goods/services (equivalent in EUR) was made, date BELREMSTROISVIAZ OAO Belarus 189’763.25 27/02/2017 Construction works KSK-STANDART BREST OOO Belarus 35’192.90 28/03/2017 Construction and installation works Gol. spec. konstr. biuro po obor. Microc Belarus 118’322.50 23/06/2017 Supply and delivery of the complete set of boiler plant, -
Belarus in Maps.Indd
6. URBAN CENTRES AND THE COUNTRYSIDE Urban system erned by the grouping together of major indus- trial facilities in the largest cities. For this reason, In the early 20th century the level of urbaniza- industry and population growth became concen- tion was far lower in Belarus than in Russia trated almost exclusively in the major cities. or in Ukraine (Ioffe, G. 2004). In the history of From the late 1960s, the focus switched to Belarus, it is possible to identify different stages the establishment of new “Soviet” towns around of socio-economic development that have influ- the developing industrial and energy cen- enced urbanization. The first stage – at the time tres (Navapolack, Salihorsk and Svietlahorsk). of the agricultural civilization (9th–11th centuries) Educational institutions and research and de- – saw the emergence of such towns as Polack velopment departments were relocated to small (862), Viciebsk (947), Turaŭ (980), and Zaslaŭje and medium-sized towns, fostering the develop- (985). Those ancient towns played an important ment of such towns as Žodzina, Dziaržynsk and political role in Europe and were capitals of such Lahojsk. Beginning in the 1960s, the emphasis in principalities as Polack and Turaŭ. The next Belarusian urban planning fell on the newly es- stage encompassed the formation of urban set- tablished compact residential areas, the so-called tlements during the Early Middle Ages (12th–13th mikroraions (large housing estates), where space centuries). Most of towns and villages emerged could be used more efficiently and where the and developed at the time of the Grand Duchy separation of industrial and residential areas was of Lithuania, the Rzeczpospolita, the Polish- prioritized.