Senate Mail Running Heavily Against War

By Barry Sheppard There is a deep and growing discontent and apprehension over the Vietnam war among the THE American people. This fact is re­ flected in the mail citizens are sending their senators, mail which the senators say is running heavily against escalation of the war. Senator Morse read into the MILITANT Congressional Record 450 tele­ grams he received after he blasted Published in the Interest of the Working People Johnson’s course over nation-wide TV on Jan, 30. All but four sup­ Vol. 30 - No. 7 Monday, February 14, 1966 Price 10c ported “my opposition to the un­ constitutional and illegal war in south Vietnam” Morse reported. Over the same weekend, Sena­ tor Fulbright received 1,000 let­ H uge B erkeley W alkout ters, praising him for his criticism Huge Berkeley Walkout of the war, and about 20 opposing him from a pro-war position. “In the country stores,” writes Roy P rotests V ietnam W ar Reed in the New York Times, “ one Protests Vietnam War can hear it said frequently that America has no business in Viet­ BERKELEY, Calif., Feb. 9 — The VDC now plans to hold a nam or in any other foreign coun­ Between four and five thousand student referendum on thè Viet­ try. Some of that persuasion have students at the University of Cali­ nam war. been heard praising Senator Ful­ fornia here w alked out of classes bright recently for what they re­ this afternoon to attend a rally gard as an effort to ‘get us out NEW ORLEANS — A very suc­ against the war. of Vietnam.’ ” cessful teach-in on the Vietnam The walk-out climaxed three war was held at Tulane Univer­ 100 to 1 Against days of intensive antiwar activity sity here Feb. 5. Sponsored by the Mike Mansfield of Montana, the at the Berkeley campus. On Mon­ Tulane Liberals Club, it was at­ Democratic leader in the Senate, day and Tuesday, students at­ tended by more than a thousand reports he is receiving mail and tempted to turn their classrooms for most of the night. It went on telegrams from all over the coun­ into discussions on the war. Four until five in the morning. try that is more than 100 to 1 hundred teaching assistants voted Defending U.S. intervention against escalating the war. Gay­ to endorse this plan for classroom were John Piercy of the U.S. State lord Nelson, Senator from Wis­ discussions, and they were held Department; Edward S. Butler III, consin, says his mail is 10 to 1 WAR SCENE. GI tries to fix wound of Vietnamese child. in over one-third of the classes. executive vice president of the In­ in the same direction. Senator Civilians are principal victims of U.S. aggression. Some teachers took votes on the formation Council of the America; Edward Kennedy of Massachu­ question. Dr. Henry L. Mason, professor of setts has been receiving 80 to 100 These figures were reported by ther addition of ground troops.” The Vietnam Day Committee, political science at Tulane; Matt letters/a day, with the trend “sub­ E. W. K enw orthy in a New Y ork The antiwar movement can take which organized all of the activi­ Daley, Tulane graduate student; stantially” in opposition to escala­ Times article titled “Senate Mail encouragement from the fact of ties, prepared a packet of litera­ David Treen, local attorney and tion. is Heavily Against Escalation of widespread discontent and oppo­ ture on the war, w hich was passed Frank Hicks, professor of history Eugene McCarthy of Minnesota W ar.” sition to the war indicated by out to the students. at Southern University. received 450 supporting telegrams “A sampling of senate offices these figures. The movement now The VDC has held rallies almost Opposing the U.S. role in Viet­ and one dissenting phone call when indicated that the strongest oppo­ has the responsibility to »reach out every day for the past week, of nam were Dr. George Kahin, pro­ he proposed on Jan. 31 that the sition, as reflected in mail and and organize this growing discon­ 500 to 1,000 students. The admin­ fessor of political science at Senate Foreign Relations Commit­ telegrams, was in the Midwest and tent into active opposition to the istration claims this is a violation Cornell; Oretha Castle, former tee undertake a critical review of M ountain states,” K enw orthy says. war. The best way to do this is of the rules about speakers, but CORE field secretary; David Mc- Vietnam policy. Walter Mondale, “However, senators from the East­ around the clear demand of the VDC has been able to hold Reynolds of the War Resisters the other senator from Minnesota, ern Seaboard reported that their “bring the troops home now,” a every rally it has planned. League; Nancy Gitlin of Students who is not a critic of the admin­ mail also was ‘substantially’ or demand which w ill find an echo However, the administration is for a Democratic Society; Albert istration, reports his mail is 6 or ‘predominately’ against the bomb­ in the hearts of tens of millions bringing three students up on (Continued on Page 4) 7 to 1 against escalation. ing of north Vietnam and the fur- of Americans. charges as a result of VDC activi­ ties, including Bettina Aptheker.

Plan to Picket Little Light Shed by Malcolm X Murder Trial LBJ in New York By Herman Porter but he went on to say that a situa­ Americans to the freedom strug­ high government officials and NEW YORK, Feb. 8 — During tion had been created in which gles of the colored peoples all speaking before student groups. A NEW YORK — There will 13 days of testimony in the Mal­ anyone could murder him and the over the world. His immediate “truth squad” from the U. S. In­ be a massive anti-Vietnam- colm X murder trial, nine eye­ Black Muslims would be blamed. aim was to get the U. S. govern­ formation Agency accompanied war demonstration here Feb. witnesses to the assassination of Alex Haley reports in the epi­ ment condemned as racist in the him wherever he went — slan­ 23 when President Johnson Malcolm X have taken the stand logue to The Autobiography of United Nations, just as South Af­ dering him and trying to undo appears in New York to re­ and been cross-examined at length. M alcolm X that Malcolm told him rica had been condemned. what he was accomplishing. But ceive a “freedom award” at But little progress has been made in a phone conversation on Feb. He spent five of those 11 months they didn’t succeed. John Lewis a Freedom House dinner at toward discovering the truth about 20 that he was going to state he traveling in Africa and the Middle and Donald Harris, leaders of the the Waldorf-Astoria. what happened on Feb. 21, 1965 had been hasty to accuse the East, meeting heads of state and Student Nonviolent Coordinating in the Audubon Ballroom where Black Muslims of bombing his Committee, toured several A fri­ The award to be given Malcolm X was shot, and the mo­ home. “Things have happened can countries just after Malcolm Johnson is inscribed: “Lyn­ tive behind the assassination. since that are bigger than what had visited them and reported: don B. Johnson — Freedom A complicating factor in the they can do. I know what they can “Malcolm’s impact on Africa was at home was never more trial is the crucial role in the pro­ do. Things have gone beyond, just fantastic. In every country widely shared nor aggression ceedings played by the police and that,” Haley quotes Malcolm. he was known and served as the more wisely resisted than district attorney’s office. Though •More than any other individ­ main criteria for categorizing other Afro-Americans and their under his leadership.’* they are the ones who represent ual, Malcolm X was a threat to “the people,” they can hardly be those who wish to maintain the political views.” Picketing will begin at considered impartial, and some status quo in this country. Peter Malcolm X was poisoned while 6:30 p.m. Wed., Feb. 23 at people suspect agents of the police Sabbatino, one of the defense at­ he was in Cairo. His stomach was the Waldorf, 49th St. and were implicated in the murder. torneys for Talmadge Hayer, ask­ pumped very soon after he awoke Park Avenue. A rally will The most powerful people who ed George Whitney, .one of Mal­ one night in enormous pain. No follow nearby at which a run this country had a motive for colm’s followers, during cross- one else who ate with him was freedom award will be given having Malcolm X murdered at examination, whether he ever poisoned. He mentioned the inci­ to Julian Bond on behalf of least as strong as that of the heard Malcolm say that people in­ dent during the question period at hierarchy of the Black Muslims. terested in narcotics might gun all the young people in this one of the public meetings of the And they were in a much better him down. “He said that people Organization of Afro-American country fighting for human position to get away with it. Right- who were interested in keeping Unity at the Audubon Ballroom rights and an end to the war wing and racist groups had mo­ the status quo might gun him in an off-hand way. He was prob-, in Vietnam. The demonstra­ tives as well. down,” Whitney responded. ably embarrassed to speak of his tion is sponsored by the Feb. In the last speech he delivered Malcolm X made an enormous own problems, especially when 23 Demonstration Commit­ at the Audubon Ballroom on Mon­ impression in Africa during the he was so widely accused by the tee, A. J. Muste, chairman, day, Feb. 15, the day after his last year of his life. Once he split press of being just a publicity 5 Beekman St., N. Y., tele­ house had been bombed, Malcolm from the Muslims, only 11 months hound. phone BA 7-6960. X accused Elijah Muhammad of before his death, the goal he set Just 12 days before his assassin- ordering the bombing of his home, was to link the struggle of Afro- M alcolm X (Continued on Page 3) Page Tw o THE MILITANT Monday, February 14, 1966

WORKERS REJECT POOR PACT The Harvey Aluminum Strike By Gordon Baily gain with the union. However, In­ campaign has cost him heavily. LOS ANGELES, Feb. 5 — ternational representatives shoved He sees that the workers are pre­ Workers at the notorious anti-la­ aside rank-and-file strikers and ne­ pared to hit the bricks again. Can After three days on the picket- of employment in New York.” bor Harvey Aluminum Plant are gotiated the contract offered to he afford to take another strike? line, UAW Local 1264 members Keyserling also challenged the the workers last week. Both Har­ displaying militancy, indepen­ Has Weapons voted to continue their strike phony claims in the boss-domin­ dence and endurance in struggle vey and the International badly against the Sterling Township, ated press during the strike that that has seldom been seen since misread the mood of the workers. However, he has some weapons Mich., stamping plant of the wages of TWU members were the Thirties. Not only have they They had counted on a five- in his hands. Twenty-seven strik­ C hrysler Corp. A bout 2,300 w o rk­ 20, 50, 60, 80 percent ahead of cracked the iron front of their month-long strike and constant ers, including Local President ers are involved in the strike and transport workers in other cities. anti-union bosses, b u t they have company harassment to wear Americo Argent, have been sen­ the vote to reject a proposed set­ “On a fair and rational compari­ fired their International-appointed down the fighting spirit of the tenced to jail for defying court tlem ent was 547 to 395. son,” he said, “the truth of the strike leader and told the United workers. They thought that the injunctions and for other strike The strike began on Jan. 28 matter is that of the 14 largest Steelworkers officers to negotiate apathy found among so many “offenses.” They are due to start after Chrysler refused to resolve cities in the United States there a decent contract — or else! unionists today would enable serving 45-day sentences Feb. 11. hundreds of grievances protesting were 14 of them paying more than Last Sunday they overwhelm­ them to sell a weak contract. But Unless stays of execution can be intolerable working conditions. New York City, and six of the ingly repudiated an agreement they came up against a very dif­ obtained, the rank-and-file move­ • • • other eight were clustered so close with Harvey reached by Steel­ ferent mood among the young ment may be beheaded at a criti­ Another anion has announced to New York City that there workers representatives a fte r Harvey workers. cal juncture. wasn’t any difference.” demands which could “violate” months of struggle, strike and bit­ Feel Shock Whatever the immediate out­ President Johnson’s 3.2 percent Commenting on the wages and ter conflict. Nearly a thousand come of the Harvey strike, the wage “guideline” when present living standards of New York workers voted to reject the con­ The shock of rank-and-file re­ labor scene in Los Angeles will union agreements expire on April transit workers, Keyserling de­ tract; only two voted for it. This pudiation has registered all the never be the same. A new element 15. A New York conference of the clared, “They are seven percent was the first serious taste of op­ way back to International head­ has moved onto the stage. Young Textile Workers Union voted to below the minimum health and position for I. W. Abel, who was quarters in Pittsburgh. Union of­ workers who have not expe­ seek 15 percent wage and fringe decency standards set by the New elected president of the United ficials say they have the right rienced the union apathy of the benefit increases fo r 40,000 w o rk ­ York City Welfare Agency itself.” to sign the contract despite its last decades are learning for them­ * • • Steelworkers of America (USA) ers in 175 cotton-synthetics plants, last year. repudiation by the rank-and-file. selves the lessons of the class and 18,000 . in 75 woolen and 300 Cuyahoga County Welfare The Harvey strike has been a However, Steelworkers President struggle. They are displaying worsted plants, most of which are Department workers picketed the test case fo r organized labor. Two Abel says they w ill not do so. One afresh the militancy and resource­ located in New England and the County Administration Building thousand relatively young work­ reason for this is the threat of fulness that is indigenous to the middle Atlantic states. in Cleveland, Ohio, on Feb. 3. ers, many of them Negroes and the Harvey workers to quit the American working class. They are C urrent pay scales fo r these The demonstration was sponsored women, work for Harvey, who is Steelworkers and join another learning that the hidebound bu­ w orkers average a p a ltry $1.83 to by Local 1746, American Federa­ the 1966 version of Henry Ford. union more amenable to their de­ reaucrats of the AFL-CIO have $2 an hour. tion of State, County and Muni­ Through intimidation and every mands. They have talked of the lost all will or ability to lead • • • cipal Employes (AFL-CIO). It open-shop trick, he thwarted four Teamsters and also the Long­ them in real struggle.. But they The former chairman of Presi­ was supported by candidates for attempts to organize his plant. shoremen. are also learning that the most dent Truman’s Council of Eco­ the Cleveland anti-poverty coun­ Last spring the workers finally Harvey has also been shaken obdurate employer can be brought nomic advisers, Leon Keyserling, cil, representatives of the Cleve­ won an election certifying the up by the militancy displayed by to terms if the workers fight in recently defended the gains won land chapter of the National As­ USA as their bargaining agent. the workers. His union-busting the right way. by New York City transit workers sociation of Social Workers, Citi­ Wresting a union contract from after a 12-day strike. Keyserling zens United for Adequate Wel­ Harvey after this took a long had been retained by the Trans­ fare, and some students and staff strike and nearly a year of strug­ port Workers Union to make an members of Western Reserve Uni­ gle. It was this contract that was extensive economic study on versity. turned down by the Harvey work­ Arresting Racist Gets which the TWU based its de­ Among the union’s demands is ers last week. mands for a new contract. the elimination of the two lowest . He pointed out that “even with pay steps in all job classifications. Not the Point Local 1746 president William T. Arrested in Kentucky the wage increases won in this A fairly good wage increase McNulty said there would be no LOUISVILLE, Ky. — Millard settlement... the transport work­ was gained — but this was not chase of the house was part of further demonstrations if state of­ Dee Grubbs, a leading segrega­ ers in every line are 10, 15, 20 the point of workers’ dissatisfac­ “a Communist conspiracy to es­ ficials responded reasonably to tionist in the South, has been percent behind comparable types tion. Seniority, job security, and tablish a black beachhead in every union demands. “But they have sentenced to five years in prison grievance clauses were far below white subdivision.” The Wade had four months,” said McNulty, for engineering the citizen’s arrest the standards set in other Steel­ home was soon blown to pieces in “and we feel this is a long enough of a public official. workers contracts. Furthermore, the middle of the night. tim e.” He and three other members of 32 strike leaders have been fired Bought Theory Weekly Calendar • * • the National Law Enforcement by Harvey, and their fate is to After a year-long organizing Committee (NLEC) were found State’s Attorney A. Scott Ham­ be left to the mercy of an arbi­ drive, the International Brother­ guilty of falsely arresting H. A. ilton adopted Grubbs’ theory that BERKELEY tration panel. hood of Electrical Workers suc­ Lewis, real-estate director for the the house sale was part of a plot. PERSPECTIVES FOR THE A N TIW A R Basic to the Harvey workers’ M O VEM ENT. A symposium. Speakers: ceeded in winning a contract with Louisville Urban Renewal Agen­ Instead of prosecuting the bomb­ opposition to the contract is a Sue Cloke 5.F. State VDC; Jerry Rubin, the U n iv e rs a l Manufacturing cy. They filed notice of appeal. ers, Hamilton lodged sedition deep mistrust of both Harvey and VDC; and Paul Montauk, VDC. Fri., Corp., in Mendenhall, Miss. The The NLEC, of which Grubbs charges against seven white per­ the Steelworkers officials. They Feb. 18, 8 p.m. Debs Hall, B7I4 San new contract provides wage In­ is chairman, is a private agency sons who had helped the Wades. see that Harvey can undermine Pablo Ave., Oakland. Contrib. $1, stu­ creases o f up to 46 cents an hour that says it is fighting “socialistic These included Carl and Anne dents 50c. Ausp. Friday Night Socialist the contract at any point and get and other fringe benefits over the and communistic p ro g ra m s.” Braden, journalists, who had Forum. rid of militants at will. Their mis­ * * * three years the agreement is in bought the house from the build­ trust of the union bureaucracy Grubbs himself is former chair­ PARALLELS BETWEEN POLITICS effect. man of the White Citizens Coun­ er and sold it to the Wades. Carl stems from their bitter experienc­ AND PSYCHOLOGY. Speaker: Dr. IB E W Local 2198 President Gor­ cil of Kentucky. He ran for gov­ Braden was sentenced to 15 years es in the strike. James S . W hitney. Fri., Feb. 25, 8 p.m. don M. Freeman reported the new ernor in 1959 as the candidate of in prison on the sedition charge. Although the Harvey strike was Debs Hall, 5714 San Pablo Ave. Oak­ contract made his local the first the National States Rights Party. He served eight months but was crucial to any future organizing land. Contrib. $1, students 50c. Ausp. union in Simpson County where In 1954, Grubbs wrote a series freed after the U.S. Supreme Friday Night Socialist Forum. drives, every rank-and-file propo­ the Universal plant is located. of newspaper articles which in­ Court voided state sedition laws. • sal for action to make the strike —Tom Leonard flamed residents of suburban CHICAGO really effective was turned down The prosecuting attorney later THE DEACONS A N D NEGRO SELF- by the union officialdom. Court Shively against Mr. and Mrs. An­ shot himself to death. The Bra­ DEFENSE. Speaker, Ernest Thomas, vice drew E. Wade IV, a Negro couple injunctions limited picketing, and dens are now executive directors president and regional organizer of the Harlem Antiwar Group who had bought a home in that of the Southern Conference Edu­ Deacons for Defense and Justice. Fri. no attempt was made to defy the anti-union ruling. As many as a segregated community. cational Fund (SCEF), a South- Feb. 18, 8 p.m., Debs Hall, 302 S. Canal Grubbs charged that the pur- Announces Film Showing thousand scabs poured into the wide civil-rights organization. St., Rm. 204. Ausp. Friday Night So­ NEW YORK — Afro-Americans cialist Forum. plant. A t one point, John Despol, • Against the War in Vietnam w ill Steelworkers district representa­ hold a film showing and party DETROIT tive, tried to work out a special DRAFT RECLASSIFICATION — PUN­ on Saturday, Feb. 12, 9 p.m. at deal to permit key tool and die ISHMENT FOR ANTIWAR ACTIVITY. The Place, 100 W. 82nd St. makers to return to work. By last Speakers: Dave Smokier and Ray Lauz- Information about the commit­ June the strike was following the zana, University of Michigan students tee may be obtained by writing classic pattern of betrayal and reclassified I-A for antiwar activity; to it at B ox 384, Cathedral Sta., and Richard Goodman, Detroit civil defeat. liberties attorney. Fri., Feb. 18, 8 p.m. New York, N. Y. 10025. Debs Hall, 3737 W oodward. Ausp. Fri- Struggle Transformed \d ay Night Socialist Forum. • Warehouse Clearance At this point, the rank-and-file LOS ANGELES strikers intervened and the strug­ MALCOLM X MEMORIAL MEETING: Exfended Through gle was transformed. They.set up The Civil Rights Movement Today, One February a “Win the Strike Committee,” Year A fter Malcolm'« Assassination. fired Despol as a strike leader, Speaker: Elinor Letha Broady, human and proceeded to put mass pres­ rights fighter and socialist lecturer. Fri., Complete Set sure on Harvey, the scabs, p o liti­ Feb. 18, 8:30 p.m. 1702 E. 4th St. Ausp. cians and every other element M ilitant Labor Forum. • INTERNATIONAL w o rkin g fo r the bosses. In scenes N E W YORK reminiscent of the Thirties, the MALCOLM X ON THE WHITE SOCIALIST REVIEW strikers defied cops and courts in MAN'S WAR. Speaker: Robert Vernon, protest picket lines all over town. author of The Black Ghetto. Talk illus­ For Years 1950-63 The fact that the Harvey family trated with tapes of Malcolm X's speech­ is deep in the leadership of the es and Interviews. Fri., Feb. 18, 8:30 state Democratic Party led strik­ p.m. 873 Broadway (at 18th St.) Con­ $25 Unbound ers to picket the party headquar­ trib. $1, students 50c. Ausp. Militant Oveneas 50c Extra Labor Forum. ters and to express their bitter­ • Payment Must Accompany Order ness at the Johnson administra­ TWIN CITIES tion. Pickets were heard to shout MALCOLM X MEMORIAL MEETING: International Socialist Review that they would never fight in Malcolm X — The Man and His Ideas. 873 Broadway Johnson’s Vietnam war. Speaker: Jack Marsh. Fri., Feb. 18 8:30 This resurgence of rank-and-file p.m., 704 Hennepin Ave. Rm. 240. Ausp. New York, N.Y. 10003 Carl and Anne Braden Friday Night Socialist Forum. militancy forced Harvey to bar­ Monday, February 14, 1966 THE MILITANT Page T h re e ...M alcolm X Murder Trial (Continued from Page 1) the police wanted? Other witness­ the rostrum, then turned and ran ation, Malcolm X was barred from es were confused but open to up the aisle, Blackwell testified. France. He was to address a meet­ suggestion by the authorities. He “gave chase” and then he no­ ing of Afro-Americans and A fri­ Newspaper accounts of the kill­ ticed a man standing four or five cans in Paris and flew there, but ing at the time said at least five rows back who turned and ran was kept from leaving the airport men were involved in the attack into the ladies’ lounge. Blackwell and forced to fly directly back to — two in a diversioh and three identified that man as Thomas Britain by French officials. The doing the shooting. The police said (15X) Johnson, the third defen­ reason for this highly unusual act they were looking for five men. dant. by the French government was The prosecution now claims only Blackwell’s account of the never stated, but one rumor was three men were involved, and events before the grand jury some that they feared they would be none of the witnesses has contra­ time on March 9, 1965, however, embarrassed by having him assas­ dicted that in court. was very, different, although he sinated on French soil. Two of them, however, testified identified the same three men. Ac­ One other rumor that should be before the grand jury last spring cording to this story: Two men taken note of in another connec­ to a course of events involving started to scuffle. Then something tion is the rumor that was spread more than three assassins. The went “pop.” It seemed to come among some New York policemen last witness to testify, Charles from the back of the auditorium. that Malcolm X’s group had be­ Blackwell, is one of them. Black- This was followed by a volley of come an organized criminal gang. well was a guard standing in front shots, but Blackwell did not see I don’t know who started to spread of the stage, on the left side from where they came from. Then But­ this lie or how long before the the point of view of the audience, ler and Hayer, who were not in­ assassination it was told to police, at the time of the shooting. He volved in the scuffle but had but it certainly must have “justi­ seemed like a very sober, serious, been sitting in the first and second fied” any attacks on Malcolm or reliable witness as he testified in seat of the first row, ran up the his followers to those police who court to seeing most of the ac­ aisle toward the back where the believed the story. tion unfold; and he told it in exit was, shooting over people’s For all of these reasons, there court just as Assistant District heads. He testified that he saw are grounds for suspicion that Attorney Dermody said it had Johnson run into the ladies’ room. some agency of the government happened: He could not identify the two men in the scuffle. But it was clear was involved in one way or an­ When a scuffle between two men other in the assassination, and that started, Blackwell moved toward from this testimony before the grand jury that there were two those charged with finding the the middle aisle, he said. When Malcolm X and daughter. killers may indeed be covering he reached the first row he heard others besides the three defendants up for them. a blast behind him and saw Mal­ he identified. fense attorneys have not probed This suspect was released without colm X fall. Then he heard shots, Admitted Lying The police must have interview­ this question. his name ever being made public. turned and saw the two men who ed a great many of the estimated When he was questioned about One of the witnesses to testify on had been scuffling running down Another important part of the 400 people who were at the Audu­ the discrepancies Blackwell testi­ Feb. 4 was Alvin Aronoff, the the aisle toward him shooting at prosecution’s case w hich rings bon when Malcolm was shot. Did fied that he had lied before the false to those familiar with the policeman who was on radio pa­ M alcolm X . they select the witnesses who grand jury, because he was situation is the claim that the trol and happened by the Audu­ could be fitted into the prosecu­ Blackwell identified the two as ashamed he had left his post, and three men were active members bon at the time of the murder. tion’s story? Some had seen a the defendants Norman (3X) But­ did not want anyone to know he of the Black Muslims, and that He testified that he rescued Hay­ small part of what happened and ler and Talmadge Hayer, also had ducked down when one of the their motive for killing Malcolm er from the crowd outside the couldn’t contradict the rest of the known as Thomas Hagan. Butler assassins pointed his gun at him . X was his defection from the Mus­ Audubon and then arrested him. prosecution’s version. Were others pointed his gun at Blackwell and Blackwell said that after the lims. If the Black Muslims de­ He said he didn’t see the crowd subjected to pressure by the po­ Blackwell ducked to the floor. shooting Fred Williams, the pre­ cided to kill Malcolm X would attacking any other suspect. lice, to learn to remember what They both ran past him toward vious witness to take the stand they send Johnson and Butler, This second suspect disappeared and testify against Butler and two well-known local “enforcers” from the pages of the press. The Johnson, pointed out a sawed off who had associated with Malcolm first accounts mentioned him, but shotgun and a German Luger lying X and his followers for years? later stories dropped any mention on the floor. Blackwell wrapped The defense attorneys have not of his being taken into custody. Cleveland Cops in Attack the shotgun in his brown suit fully utilized the opportunities Surely the defense must be in­ jacket and gave it to Reuben they had thus far to make the sit­ terested in who he is. They might Francis who was standing on the uation clear to the jury. John have begun to find out by ques­ stage at the time, he explained. Davis, who testified to seeing tioning Aronoff about the police­ On Civil Rights Fighters Then he picked up a jacket he Hayer run toward the exit firing man who was reported to have found on the floor, wrapped the a pistol, was in charge of posting taken the suspect into custody. By Rachel Towne Luger in it and gave this to Fran­ the guards at the stage. None of But they haven’t questioned the cis as well. According to his grand witnesses about a second man be­ CLEVELAND — The beating of Louis Robinson was arrested for the lawyers for Butler or John­ jury testimony Blackwell gave the ing caught by the crowd. two white boys and their father son cross-examined him about the verbal abuse of the cops when Luger to a Brother Gene who was by a group of Negro youths In precautions taken to prevent Different Approach they forced their way into the also on the stage. Blackwell claim­ Cleveland’s predominately Negro known Muslims from entering the center, and also for reckless driv­ ed he was in error when he said William Chance, attorney for East Side has been used by po­ ballroom to attack Malcolm, ing as he pulled up to the curb this before the grand jury. Butler, has taken a different ap­ lice as a pretext for harassment in front. Ten people, including though they must realize such proach entirely. Some of his ques­ and intimidation of the Negro Robinson and M o rris , were The witness testified that he precautions were taken. tions have been aimed at showing left the auditorium along with community. Singled out by police charged with disorderly conduct Important Fact that there was dissension in Mal­ for special attention has been the Attempts to force the signing of Francis and a third man whose colm’s organization between those car they drove around in for sev­ Hayer’s attorney failed to bring Jomo “Freedom” Kenyatta House, phony “confessions” failed. With who wanted to stress religious ac­ eral hours. Francis told him he out the fact that Blackwell would an independent community center no evidence to connect those ar­ have known Hayer if Hayer had tivities and those who were in­ run by Louis Robinson, one of rested with the earlier beating, had left the shotgun in the ball­ terested in politics. He has sug­ room behind the stage. been a member of the Black Mus­ Cleveland’s leading civil rights not one has even been charged lims. Blackwell testified he was gested that some of Malcolm leaders. w ith it. Description Differed a member of the Black Muslims X ’s own followers were interested Robinson ran as an independent Both the police station and city The shotgun he identified in from 1959 to 1964 and a lieutenant in doing away with their leader for city council in the last elec­ hall have been picketed by mem­ the courtroom is double barreled, at the Jersey City mosque. He because of these differences. tion and came in a close second bers of the center, the Freedom but in his grand jury testimony did not know Hayer, however, One of the witnesses at the trial to the white incumbent. He also Fighters and other groups includ­ Blackwell described the weapon when he saw him at the Audubon was allowed by the judge to testi­ supported Carl Stokes, the inde­ ing the Young Socialist Alliance. as single barreled with one trig­ Ballroom. Cary Thomas testified fy in secret. A ll spectators, includ­ pendent Negro candidate for may­ While the press did not mention ger but said he had not examined Hayer was a member of the Jer­ ing the press, were excluded from or who just missed winning the it closely. It looked like an old- sey City mosque. Hayer denies he the court. election. Donald Freeman, who these demonstrations, they did cover the story. The Jan. 23 fashioned dueling pistol he said. was ever a M uslim . So far testimony has been tak­ was fired from his teaching posi­ Plain Dealer carried an editorial He was not sure it was a sawed- tion last year for writing an ar­ The question of whether or not en from eight eye-witnesses who entitled, “In Plain Words, They off shotgun because he’d never testified in open court, one who ticle in the magazine Black Amer­ Hayer is a Muslim is important seen one before. testified secretly, one policeman ica, teaches Afro-American history Were Savages.” The Negro youths in finding out the truth about the at the center. The J“F”K House were called a “gang of punks” , The other witness whose grand assassination. Hayer was not pub­ who arrived at the entrance to the building after the shooting, and a is also the meeting place for the engaged in “ jungle savagery, noth­ jury testimony involved more than licly known as a Muslim in Pater­ civil engineer who constructed a Freedom Fighters, a militant civil ing less.” A Cleveland Press edi­ three attackers is Cary Thomas. son, N. J. where he lived. A t the rights organization. torial on another incident in the The story he told on March 3 time of Malcolm’s death, Hayer diagram of the auditorium and same neighborhood referred to one of the building. Apparently The beating of the three whites before the grand jury is in brief had been out on bail for about a took place on a Wednesday night. “savage youth on the prowl” and as follows: Hayer and Butler year on the charge of having there are many more prosecution witnesses to come, and the de­ On Thursday morning over a doz­ concluded with “let’s face it with created a disturbance. Hayer be­ robbed a gun store of some 40 appropriate action.” fense may have a number of w it­ en Negro youths were picked up came involved in a fight with weapons. He was shot and cap­ nesses as w ell. I t rem ains to be on their way to school and taken It is interesting to note that the some of Malcolm X’s followers, tured by the crowd at the scene to the nearest police station for North American Association for while Butler and Johnson rlished of the killing. Six witnesses so seen i f the questions raised in this article w ill be answered as questioning. On Friday night po­ the Preservation of White People to the stage and fired guns at far, among them George Whitney Malcolm. Johnson’s gun was iden­ the trial progresses. lice broke into a party at J“F”K held a benefit for the white fam­ and John Davis who were closely House. The cops beat one young ily involved. tified as a hand gun and Thomas associated with Malcolm X and did not mention seeing anyone man with a billy club, said all the The J“F”K House has always had no inconsistencies in their fire a shotgun. Presumably that men there were thugs and alleged had a hard time staying open. It testimony, identified him firing a was fired by a fourth assailant. that the girls were prostitutes is supported by its members and gun. The weight of evidence thus used to keep the center operating. directors, who have very little The story the prosecution said far indicates that he is a gunman, The Origins They took another group in for money. It is possible that the com­ it would prove involving only hired or forced to participate in questioning. A ll those picked up, bination of harassment, legal bat­ three assailants is extremely du­ the murder, but not a member of except two, were under 18 and tles and financial difficulties w ill bious on the face of it. Why would the Black Muslims. Of Materialism should have gone to Juvenile close it. But even if the racists two of the three killers deliberate­ If that is true, it raises the Court, but were held for three succeed in closing the center, how ly attract attention to themselves next question: Who hired him or By George Novack hours and then sent home. One successful w ill they be in dealing before they ran down to the stage pressured him to commit murder? 19-year-old, David Morris, was with the anger and disillusion­ with guns tyring? This would The defense attorneys have also 300 pp. $6.95 held in jail for three days in ment which arise out of an in­ hardly serve as a diversion if they failed to raise any question about spite of the fact that the white cident such as this? How can they themselves were the gunmen. the second suspect who was res­ MERIT PUBLISHERS family attacked said that he guarantee that these and similar Did they have sufficient time cued from the audience and taken 5 East Third Street wasn’t one of the group which occurrences w ill not erupt into after the two shotgun blasts to into custody by Patrolman Thom­ New York, N. Y. 10003 beat them. another Watts? run down to the stage? The de­ as Hoy in the Audubon Ballroom. Page F o u r THE MILITANT Monday, February 14, 1966

THE MILITANT Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN Mmnaftni Editor: BARRY SHEPPARD Business Manager: KAROLYN KERRY Malcolm X Speaks

Published weekly, except during July and August when published bi-weekly, by The Militant Publishing Ass’n., 873 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10003. Phone 533-6414. Second-class postage paid at New York, N. Y. Subscription: $3 a year; Canadian, $3.50; foreign, Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials. After giving an educational talk because I think it’s the only real on Africa at a meeting of the Or­ help that you can get down there: Vol. 30 - No. 7 345 Monday, February 14, 1966 ganization of Afro-American Unity You can let those hooded people on Dec. 20, 1964, Malcolm X be­ know that, from here on in, when gan to introduce Mrs. Fannie Lou they start taking the lives of in­ The Tricontinental Congress Hamer of Mississippi and the nocent black people, we believe in Freedom Singers, whom he had tit for tat. A World Out look analysis of the Havana Tricontinental Con­ invited to the meeting after ap­ If I were to go home and find gress in our last issue noted that there were contradictory aspects pearing with them at another some blood on the leg of one of to that anti-imperialist gathering. On the one hand a program rally earlier in the day. my little girls, and my wife told me that a snake bit the child, I’d calling for revolutionary struggle against imperialism, pressed In s ta llm e n t 16 by the Cubans, was approved by the Congress. On the other go looking for the snake. And if A STORY, A PARABLE AND hand, in a speech to the Congress containing a m ilitant call for I found the snake, I wouldn’t A SUGGESTION necessarily take time to see if it such revolutionary action, Fidel Castro also included a slanderous had blood on its jaws. As far as attack on an integral part of the revolutionary movement, the We have a lady that I want to introduce you to, who I think I’m concerned the snake is the Fourth International. is one of the best freedom fighters snake. So if snakes don’t want Commenting on this, the World Outlook article posed the in America today. She’s from Mis­ someone hunting snakes indiscrim­ question of whether or not the revolutionary aspect of Castro’s sissippi, and you’ve got to be a inately, I say that snakes should speech and the approval of such a course by the Congress would freedom fighter to even live in get together and clean out their be taken up by the various Communist parties. This question was Mississippi. You’ve got to be a snakey house. If snakes don’t want people running around indiscrim­ posed in light of the notorious class-collaboration policy pursued freedom fighter to live anywhere in this country, but especially Mis­ inately chopping off the heads of by the various CPs. snakes, my advice to snakes would Insofar as the American Communist Party is concerned, the sissippi. This woman has been in the forefront of the struggle in be to keep their house in order. I answer, is already quite apparent. A t least two correspondents Mississippi. I was on a program Excerpted from the book, Mal­ think you well understand what were at the Congress for The Worker, voice of the Communist with her this afternoon. colm X Speaks, with the permis­ I’m saying. Party. They sent a report to the issue of Jan. 23 which was de­ As I mentioned there — and sion of M erit Publishers, 5 East Now those were twenty-one voted to Castro’s speech. you’ll probably read about it to­ Third St., New York, N. Y. 10003. snakes that killed those three Several paragraphs were devoted to his statement that the morrow; they’ll blow it up, and Price $5.95. Copyright 1965 by brothers down there. Twenty-one Congress represented an achievement of unity of the movement. out of context — what we need M erit Publishers. — those are snakes. And there is The rest of the article was devoted to his attack on the Fourth in this country (and I believe it no law in any society on earth International. with all my heart, and with all that would hold it against anyone it’s you or me.” And I guarantee for taking the heads of those There was not a single word in that initial report about Cas­ my mind, and with all my soul) is the same type of Mau Mau here you he’ll give you freedom then. snakes. Believe it, the whole world tro’s call for revolutionary struggle or about the resolutions that they had over there in Kenya. He’ll say, “This man is ready for would honor you or honor anyone adopted containing that viewpoint. Don’t you ever be ashamed of the it.” I said something in your hand who did what the federal govern­ In the five issues of the paper that have appeared since that Mau Mau. They’re not to be — I won’t define what I mean by ment refused to do. time there has not been a line about the activities of the Congress. ashamed of. They are to be proud “something in your hand.” I don’t We should let them know that (There was a feature interview with a delegate about conditions of. Those brothers were freedom mean bananas. we believe in giving them what in his country.) fighters. Not only brothers, there So, we are honored to have they deserve. There are brothers Clearly, for the CPUSA, the resolutions calling for revolu­ were sisters over there. I met a with us tonight not only a free­ around the country right now, a tionary struggle against imperialism were so many pieces of paper lot of them. They’re brave. They dom fighter, but some singers on lot of them, who feel like I do, a that program today — I think lot of them who feel like I do. I’ve to be cynically filed and forgotten. hug and kiss you — glad to see you. In fact, if they were over they’re all there; I asked them to even met white students who feel here, they’d get this problem come out tonight because they that way. When they tell me that straightened up just like that. sang one song that just knocked they’re liberal, I tell them, “Great, me out. I ’m not one who goes go get me one of those snake The Parable Walkout at Berkeley for “We Shall Overcome.” I just heads.” I’m sincere about this. I ... I read a little story once, and don’t believe we’re going to over­ think that there are many whites Mau Mau proved it. I read a story (Continued from Page 1) the resumption of the bombing of come, singing. If you’re going to who are sincere, especially at the once where someone asked some get yourself a .45 and start sing­ student level. They just don’t know Nelson of Spartacist and Dr. Rich­ north Vietnam in particular. group of people how many of them ard Schechner, Tulane drama pro­ ing “We Shall Overcome,” I’m how to show their sincerity. They Some 40 veterans, one by one, wanted freedom. They all put up with you. But I’m not for singing think that they’re showing sin­ fessor and editor of the Tulane dropped their papers into a box their hand. Think there were Drama Review. that doesn’t at the same time tell cerity by going down there and in front of the White House, most about 300 of them. Then the per­ you how to get something to use encouraging our people to be non­ The antiwar speakers walked of them making brief statements son says, “ W ell, how many of after you get through singing. I violent. That’s not where it’s at. all over the prowar people. By as they did so. White House guards you are ready to kill anybody .1 a.m. the government defenders realize I’m saying some things that Since they’re white, they can get refused to receive the papers. A who gets in your way for free­ you think can get me in trouble, closer to whitey than we can. had granted that the U.S. position spokesman for the Veterans and dom?” About 50 put up their in Vietnam is illegal and immoral but, brothers, I was born in They can put on a sheet and walk Reservists to End the War in hands. And he told those 50, “You trouble. I don’t even care about right on into camp with the rest and relied only on the “national Vietnam, a New York City group stand over here.” trouble. I’m interested in one thing of them. interest” argument. (The State which had scheduled the demon­ That left 250 sitting who want­ alone, and that’s freedom — by I’m telling you how to do it: Department man had left by stration, said another attempt ed freedom, but weren’t ready to any means necessary. So I ’ll bring You’re a liberal; get you a sheet. 9 p.m .) would be made in the future to kill for it. So he told this 50, you now the country’s number And get you something up under A parade and demonstration hand them over to President John­ “Now you wanted freedom and one freedom-fighting woman. that sheet that you know how to against the war is slated for Sat­ son. The veterans carried an you said you’d kill anybody who’d use, and w a lk rig h t on in that urday, Feb. 12. A parade permit American flag of the Revolution­ [Mrs. Hamer speaks.] get in yo u r way. You see those camp of sheeted people with the has been secured. ary War period and signs that Now you see why Mississippi 250? You get them first. Some rest of them. And show how lib­ » • * said “ U.S. 1776 — Vietnam 1966.” of them are your own brothers is in trouble. And I hope that our brothers, especially our brothers eral you are. I’ll come back and " WASHINGTON, D.C.—A group * * * and sisters and mothers and fa­ here in Harlem, listened very well, shake your hand all day long. of veterans protesting the Vietnam NEW YO R K — Some 1,000 per­ thers. But they’re the ones who very closely, to what I call one I’ll walk you around Harlem and war here Feb. 5 in front of the sons picketed in fro n t of the U n it­ stand in the way of your freedom. of this country’s foremost free­ tell everybody what a good white White House handed over their ed States Mission to the UN here They’re afraid to do whatever is person you are. Because you’ve dom fighters. You don’t have to discharge papers, campaign rib­ Feb. 5 to protest the bombing of necessary to get it and they’ll stop be a man to fight for freedom. proved it. But I don’t accept any bons and medals to be returned north Vietnam. The demonstration you from doing it Get rid of All you have to do is be an in­ nonviolent liberals. This doesn’t to President Johnson as an act of was sponsored by the Fifth Ave­ them and freedom w ill come na­ telligent human being. And auto­ mean that you’ve got to be vio­ disassociation from the govern­ nue Vietnam Peace Parade Com­ tu ra lly .” matically, your intelligence makes lent; but it does mean that you ment’s Vietnam policies. They mittee. I go for that That’s what the you want freedom so badly that can’t be nonviolent. were supported by a picket line * * * Mau Mau learned. The Mau Mau you’ll do anything, by any means Next week: Our next Issue will of several hundred persons pro­ DETROIT — On Feb. 1, some realized that the only thing that necessary, to get that freedom. be dated Feb. 21, one year after testing the war in general and 250 people marched in downtown was standing in the way of the Malcolm’s death, and w ill indude Detroit in a hastily-called demon­ independence of the African in And I want Mrs. Hamer to know stration to oppose the resumption Kenya was {mother African. So that anything we can do to help an article about an interview Malcolm of bombing of north Vietnam, they started getting them one by them in Mississippi, we’re at their gave shortly before he was assassinated. The following: week Antiwar Protests despite cold weather and snow. one, all those Toms. One after disposal. One of the things that we w ill definitely provide you with, we w ill resume this column. In South Feb. 12 The demonstration, called by another, they’d find another Uncle A T L A N T A — Debates, the Detroit Committee to End the Tom A frica n by the roadsi'de. To­ day they’re free. The white man forums and demonstrations War in Vietnam in conjunction w ith other groups, was a success didn’t even get involved — he WEST COAST VACATION SCHOOL against the war in Vietnam got out of the way. That’s the by Detroit standards, partly be­ Yes! There will be a West Coast Vacation School in w ill take place across the cause the committee had set up same thing that w ill happen here. South on Feb. 12. Activities telephone chains in advance to We’ve got too many of our own 1966. have been coordinated by deal with such a contingency. people who stand in the way. A socialist encampment where you may combine edu­ They’re too squeamish. They want the Southern Coordinating Prominent was a huge banner cation and vacation. Committee to End the War reading “Bring the troops home to be looked upon as respectable in Vietnam. now !” Uncle Toms. They want to be Ten days of lectures, seminars and discussion — and looked upon by the white man as * * * sports, swimming, fine food and fun. Among the cities scheduled responsible. They don’t want to be to have activities are New BOSTON — On Feb. 1, the day classified by him as extremist, or Low rates. Special rates for youth and also for large Orleans, La.; Tougaloo, Miss.; after the resumption of the bomb­ violent, or, you know, irrespon­ families. Little Rock, Ark.; Nashville, ing of north Vietnam, 100 people sible. They want that good image. Tenn.; Richmond, Va.; marched here against the escala­ And nobody who’s looking for a SAVE THESE DATES: August 27 thru Labor Day. Atlanta, Ga.; Gainsville, Fla.; tion of the war. good image w ill ever be free. No, Mark your calendar now! Miami, Fla.; and Houston, Signs carried read “Bring the that kind of image doesn’t get troops home now” and “Stop the you free. You’ve gbt to take some­ For further information write to the West Coast Vacation School, Texas. care of The Militant. bombing.” thing in your hand and say, “Look, Monday, February 14, 1966 THE MILITANT Page F iv t, HONOLULU GET-TOGETHER Polish Authorities Jail The Johnson-Ky Performance Trotskyist for His Views By Dick Roberts FEB. 8 — The scene w ent some­ World Outlook — Last May a thing like this: Seventeen of the Warsaw court sentenced two 19 members of the Senate Foreign youths to prison. Karol Modzelew- Relations Committee were ques­ ski was given a three-and-a-half- tioning the administrator of John­ year sentence, Jacek Kuron three son’s foreign aid program, David years. The case attracted interna­ E. Bell, about the implications of tional attention in view of the a Vietnamese escalation, on a na­ fact that the crime involved was tionally televised program. Of the political dissidence with the Go- 17, all but one were highly critical mulka regime and Karol Mod- of the administration’s policies. zelewski was the son of Zygmunt The debate was hitting upon one Modzelewski, Foreign Minister in of the most important aspects of the Polish government from 1947 the escalation. Senator Clifford to 1951. Case (R.—N. J.) pointed out that The young rebels were oppon­ so far no spokesman of the ad­ ents of capitalism and firm be­ ministration had denied the cen­ lievers in communism. Their dif­ tral contention of the Mansfield ference with the regime was over Report, that the only alternative such issues as the right to discuss to negotiations in Vietnam is an 'freely. “indefinite expansion” of the war Apparently their views reflected in Southeast Asia. Bell conceded, ra th e r widespread sentiments more honestly than any previous among student circles. A group administration official, that there had formed around these leaders was a strong possibility of Chinese and documents had been circu­ intervention. lated. Gomulka H e Appears Little Written All at once, the program was troops in Poland, he was arrested Since their imprisonment, little interrupted. Before us was Lyn­ as a Trotskyist and deported for don B. Johnson himself. He was news has appeared about them. more than fifteen years. As a w it­ Recently the Paris weekly Nouvel about to fly to Hawaii; he was ness, he personally defended the Observateur referred to them in going to take with him all his top Trotskyist point of view. an article signed by Claude Roy, advisers — several of whom had “The defendants and the witness who visited Poland not long ago. been invited, but refused to testify gave the old Communist salute, before the public hearings (De­ His snide remarks about “vision­ fists clenched. TOLL. U.S. bombing of north Vietnam is not being conducted aries” and “lunatics” reflect the fense Secretary McNamara and “When the verdict was handed without price as indicated by wreckage of this shot-down U.S. official view of the bureaucrats, Joint Chiefs of Staff head Wheel­ down, the defendants sang the In ­ plane. who are so fearful of political er); he was going to hold con­ ternational. That’s certainly the dissent that they w ill not permit ferences with the top officials of first time since the end of the the Saigon regime, including “search and destroy” operations, claves, base areas and tactical even madmen to voice it. war that the proletarian hymfi Premier Nguyen Cao Ky; and not it was revealed that he intended areas [the Gavin-Ridgeway pro­ A nother case connected w ith has been sung voluntarily in Po­ only that, he was going to recreate to increase the police force in posal] could have no sound m ili­ this one, but involving an avowed land. People in the countroom Ky in his own image. Saigon alone by 72,000 men. tary objective. Such a policy, of­ Trotskyist, ended recently in War­ joined the defendants in singing It only sounds fantastic if you New York Times correspondent ficers say, would resign the stra­ saw. The press has maintained al­ and likewise gave the clenched fist haven’t been following the John­ Charles Mohr, who has recently tegic initiative to the Vietcong and most complete silence about it. salute. Afterward they suffered son, Johnson and Johnson Circus been in south Vietnam, wrote the would permit the enemy to build The following brief account, now some reprisals.” through the last six weeks of the following description of the war his base areas at w ill.” circulating in Warsaw, has be­ come available to World Outlook: Warsaw Report Vietnamese war. While U. S. from Honolulu, Feb. 6: “It is felt Even the Gavin-Ridgeway plan ground and air forces have been in Saigon,” Mohr stated, “that the (Gavin was Army chief of plan­ “Along with Modzelewski and On Jan. 13 the Associated Press engaged in the dirtiest and cruel- Johnson administration cannot, ning during the Korean War, and Kuron, four other persons were put the following few lines frort est war in recent history, and on even with the best of intentions, Ridgeway, Army Joint Chief of arrested. T h e ir cases were handled Warsaw on its wire services: the largest scale so far in the guarantee the allegiance of the Staff) included reinforcement of separately. Besides their political “Three intellectuals have been course of that war, the Johnson Vietnamese to their government U. S. troops to a level around positions, they were accused of sentenced to three years in prison administration has been pulling merely by pumping more money 500,000 and foresaw a long period having connections abroad, which by a Warsaw court for having every trick in the book to keep and technical skill into south Viet­ of struggle ahead including con­ they denied. circulated tracts advocating over­ public attention distracted from nam to give people the ‘better life’ tinued bombing even to achieve “The four defended their posi­ turning the Communist regime. the scene of battle and domestic of which officials speak. this. The Johnson plan plainly tions very firm ly. One of the men Those involved are the historians criticisYn. “A t least 20 to 25 percent of the calls for a much larger troop es­ arrested with them, Ludwig Haas, Ludwig Haas and Romuald Smiech Reason W hy country’s area,” Mohr continued, calation, massive combat and was put on the witness stand. At and the economist Kasimierz “is so firmly in control of the genocidal bombing. Badowski.” The latest side show, in Ha­ the time of the entry of the Soviet Vietcong guerrillas that no civic Additional information on Lud­ waii, was timed to take TV cam­ and political programs are pos­ wig Haas was printed in the Feb­ eras off the highly embarrassing sible there at all. Other areas are ruary issue of l'Internationale, confrontation in Washington and so sharply contested that for the monthly journal of the Interna­ focus them on the new-look “rural time being pacification and rural tional Communist Party, French reconstruction” program in south They Plan on a Long Stay improvement workers cannot oper­ section of the Fourth Interna­ Vietnam. Chances are, however, ate . . . The Vietcong have a loyal, tional: it will fall far short of the pur­ In the official 14-point statement of the position of the dedicated and highly disciplined “Ludwig Haas belonged to the pose. Johnson administration on “negotiations” with regard to the underground political structure Polish Trotskyist organization be­ For one thing, the Hawaii epi­ Vietnam war, point seven reads: “It wants no military bases in that operates in the heart of Sai­ fore the second world war. W hen sode itself reflects how deep gon itself and in thousands of Southeast Asia.” Point eight even implies readiness to with­ Johnson’s problems are. Johnson the Soviet troops entered Poland hamlets. So far the peasants have draw U.S. troops: “It does not want a continuing American in 1939, he was arrested by the took the opportunity to make the shown little inclination to inform m ilitary presence in South Vietnam.” sharpest criticism to date of his Soviet authorities and deported to on this structure and to help the Among the American forces in Saigon, however, the atti­ a camp. American opponents of the esca­ government actively.” tude is quite the opposite to the one expressed in these fair lation, and did so in a manner More Persecution which betrayed extreme fear of Most Important statements. Writing from Saigon Jan. 24, Robert Guillain, special cor­ “He was kept there for seven­ allowing the Vietnamese debate This is the crux of the problem teen years. According to the testi­ respondent of the Paris Daily Le Monde reported the follow­ to go any further. for U. S. imperialism in south mony of other deportees, he con­ “There are special pleaders,” Vietnam, and much more signifi­ ing: ducted himself very courageously. Johnson remarked in his welcome cant than all the rhetoric and “ ‘We’ll still be here in five years, in ten years, in twenty “Upon returning to Poland, be to the Saigon leaders in Honolulu, back-slapping about civil-action years, if it’s necessary.’ Those are the literal words of all the stated openly that he was a Trot- “who counsel retreat in Vietnam. programs, was the single state­ Americans I questioned concerning their long-range plans, skyist. He belonged to a circle of They belong to a group that has ment fro m W hite House press- whether it was decision-making leaders, civilian administrat­ intellectuals where he was noted always been blind to experience secretary Bill Moyers that the ors or soldiers of all ranks. One of them reminded me of the for his exceptional intellectual and deaf to hope. We cannot ac­ “other prong” of U. S. policy in level. cept their logic that tyranny Vietnam would be “moving stead­ declaration made by Mr. Goldberg, ambassador to the United Nations: ‘The United States remains ready to withdraw its “ He w orked in the history sec­ 10,000 m iles away is not to con­ fastly ahead on the m ilitary front tion for the central committee o f cern us ... ” in defeating the Vietcong and forces as soon as South Vietnam is capable of determining its the Polish trade unions. He pub­ It was an open secret that the punishing the aggressor.” (New own future without foreign intervention.’ But this official lished material on the participa­ Saigon clique went to Hawaii with York Times, Feb. 8.) added his own personal'commentary: tion of Polish revolutionists in the requests for huge additional re­ The Gavin-Ridgeway argument “ ‘It w ill obviously be a good ten years before South V iet­ Paris Commune. inforcements of U. S. troops: They has been flatly rejected by the nam can do that.’ Another official, talking about the bay of “Thus there can be no doubt demanded a total “allied” strength Johnson administration. Hanson Cam-Ranh, said: ‘There’s a naval base big enough for our that the trial that was just held, of 1.5 million men; the doubling W. Baldwin, the Times m ilita ry Pacific fleet. We will still be there twenty years from now, like the one in which Modzelew­ of U. S. bombing attacks; and the specialist who has consistently believe me.’ A third one, commenting on President Johnson’s ski and Kuron were condemned! blockade of the port of Haiphong. voiced the most accurate predic­ ‘peace offensive,’ declared: ‘Leave? That’s unthinkable now. last summer, were trials aimed) This kind of talk hardly proves tions about the future of the war, against revolutionists, against that the Saigon regime is capable stated this in so m any words, We will leave only when we have cleaned up, protected and Communists struggling a’gainst a of popular support^ It proves just Feb. 8: reconstructed this country enough so it will be safe from dan­ bureaucratic regime . . . the opposite, which is well known “There is virtually unanimous ger.’ ” “The fate of Communists vic­ to everyone in the world, that the agreement in Vietnam and in Guillain quotes an American as summing up the situation timized in this way by Gomulka hated military dictatorship fears Washington,” Baldwin wrote, “that in the following words: is of concern to all revolutionists an imminent collapse if the U. S. the main-force units, or full-time “The United States can’t sign a promise to leave unless throughout the world. A man like withdrew its forces. elements of the Vietcong must be it makes it years from now. The North Vietnamese can tell Ludwig, who spent seventeen1 While Ky talked about building broken up and crippled . . . There their people, ‘Wait another ten years and the United States years of his life in one of Stalin’s is also virtually unanimous agree­ a 42,000-man " “peace corps” to will leave.’ Conclusion: negotiations were doomed to fail from camps, cannot be allowed to be “ pacify” the village regions which ment that the use of static de­ locked up again for long years the beginning. In reality, there is nothing to negotiate.” are seized from the National Lib­ fenses only and the limitations of simply because he is a Com­ eration Front by huge American American efforts to existing en­ m unist.” Page S ix THE MILITANT Monday, February 14, 1966 Our Record in Defense of Cuba By Harry Ring tices of CPer Anibal Escalante. ' In his Jan. 15 speech to the Tri- The texts of both speeches were Continental Conference in Havana, then published in pamphlet form. Fidel Castro made a savage at­ On June 3 we replied to a tack on Trotskyism, falsely as­ frame-up attack on Trotskyism by serting: “For if Trotskyism rep­ the Havana CP daily, Hoy. resented at a certain stage an The text of Cuban President erroneous position, but a position Dorticos’ speech to the UN on the Within the field of political ideas, eve of the “missile” crisis ap­ Trotskyism became in later years peared in our Oct. 22 issue. a‘vulgar instrument of imperialism Our Oct. 29 issue carried the and reaction.” banner headline: “Stop the War To bolster this baseless charge, Drive.” And on Nov. 5 we reported Castro cited attacks on the Cuban the television speech by Carl Fein- regime and himself by a number gold, SWP candidate for U. S. of publications — none of which Senator from New York, made at is Trotskyist. This is not surpris­ the peak of the crisis. He urged ing since the publications of the mass demonstrations against U.S. Trotskyist movement — as it ex­ aggression. ists in reality — have from the On Nov. 12, again exclusively, outset been in the forefront of the we carried the full text of Fidel struggle to defend the Cuban Castro’s speech rejecting UN in­ revolution. spection, and the text of Cuba’s Particularly significant in this five -p o in t program fo r peace. regard is the role of Trotskyism Our Nov. 26 issue carried the in the United States, the center text of Castro’s letter to U Thant of imperialist, anti-Cuba reaction. on U. S. violations of Cuban air­ Surely, if Trotskyism were an “in­ space and on Dec. 3 the text of strument of imperialism” this fact Cuba’s proposal for mutual U.S.- would manifest itself first of all Cuban inspection. in the United States. Yet the 1963 record demonstrates the very op­ posite. We printed Jan. 28 the full text Since its inception in the United of Castro’s speech on “The Road States, authentic Trotskyism has to Revolution in Latin America.” been represented by the current On April 1 we carried an exclu­ that has been constituted since sive feature set'ting the record 1938 as the Socialist W orkers straight on an interview with Cas­ P arty. tro by Claude Julien in Le Monde. N o. political tendency in the The U. S. press had misrepresented tf. S. can match the record of the the in te rvie w as an attack on SWP- in its practical and political Khrushchev. defense of the Cuban revolution In another exclusive on Sept. from the outset. And no publica­ 16, we printed the text of a Radio tion can match the record of The Havana interview with Felix Mc­ M ilita n t in this respect. These are Gowan, then a Catholic priest, in {he highlights of our coverage of which he said that in Cuba he ihe Cuban revolution. had found “Christianity in prac­ tice.” 1959 1964 that will move sooner or later bor to Block Anti-Cuba Drive”; The following week we carried It should be recalled that when toward the expropriation of im­ “Get U. S. Troops Out of Cuba, the text of Foreign Minister Raul i Our Jan. 12 issue featured a the Fidelistas came to power their perialist property and capital, the Dobbs Urges on TV Network.” Roa’s speech to the UN document­ summary of Castro’s New Year’s declared program did not go be­ nationalization of the economy This campaign was noted by ing U. S. plans for an invasion. speech including generally unre­ yond the limits of national inde­ and the emergence of a labor Castro himself. On his return from On March 20 and 27 Joseph ported information on Cuba’s suc­ pendence and capitalist democ­ movement with socialist conscious­ the UN in November of 1960 he Hansen reported from Mexico cesses in breaching the U. S. eco­ nomic blockade through trade racy. The Militant gave unre­ ness and aims.” told a Havana rally that while City on the Latin American Con­ agreements with England and served support to that democra­ On June 22 we hailed the adop­ they heard only of the two big- ference for National Sovereignty other countries. tic . movement and pointed from tion of the Agrarian Reform law business candidates and their hate- convened by Lazaro Cardenas and On M arch 30 we carried the the outset to the very real pos­ in an article headed: “Castro Hits Cuba campaign, there was a third others and which declared soli­ text of a Detroit radio interview sibility of it going in a socialist Wall Street Where It Hurts Most.” candidate that they didn’t hear darity with Cuba. direction. Thus in the first issue about because of his lack of access We warned April 17: “Kennedy with Vernel Olsen, chairman of in which our weekly printing 1960 to the major propaganda media. Presses Plans fo r A ttack on the Canadian Fair Play for Cuba schedule permitted comment, that Following this, the Nov. 13 is­ Cuba.” Committee, who had just returned In our issue of Jan. 11 we re­ fro m Cuba, of Jan. 12, 1959, an enthusiastic ported a statement by Farrell sue of the noted Havana weekly, And on April 24, our next issue front-page story was headlined: Dobbs, national secretary of the Bohemia, carried an article on the after the invasion, a declaration 1965 “Cubans Oust Batista Dictator­ SWP, then opening his oampaign elections entitled “Two Against by the Political Committee of the We began the year with the ship.” as SWP presidential nominee One.” It contrasted the virtually Socialist Workers Party appeared text, in our Jan. 4 issue, of Che , On Jan. 19, while the commer­ against Kennedy and Nixon. Dobbs identical reactionary programs of under a two-inch block-type ban­ Guevara’s UN Speech denouncing cial press pointed in hypocritical said: “The question of United Kennedy and Nixon to the pro­ ner headline: “STOP THE CRIME U. S. intervention in the Congo. horror, we declared: “Batista’s States policy toward C uba should gressive stand of Dobbs. “Stand­ AGAINST CUBA.” At the time On March 22 we reported on Henchmen Executed for Torture be made a central issue in the ing up against the well-heeled we were publishing only four Fidel Castro’s March 13 speech of Cuban People.” An editorial in 1960 elections. Lies and slanders hack and the Catholic millionaire,” pages because of financial diffi­ denouncing Moscow and Peking the., same issue said: “ . . . w hat circulated by the imperialists Bohemia declared, “the socialist culties. That issue was expanded for failing to unite in defense of has begun is a social revolution should be exposed and they should Dobbs presented a really new pro­ to eight pages with seven of them Vietnam. The full text was pub­ be told: ‘Hands off Cuba!’ ” gram. During his three coast-to- devoted to articles on Cuba. lished in our issue of April 19, On Feb. 1 a front-page editorial coast tours, he made it clear that In a May 21 review of the U. S. which was sold by the thousands Publications demanded (and this was the first he was fighting for peace . . . press reaction to the Invasion, at the Washington March protest­ time anyone raised this demand): for economic security and equal Bohemia commented: “What the ing the Vietnam war. On Cuba “Return Guantanamo to the Cu­ rights. And he was speaking for U.S. News and World Report was Castro’s indictment of U. S. ag­ In addition to distributing ban People.” a real revolution, for the socializa­ proclaiming an heroic deed, The gression in the Dominican Repub­ many works on Cuba pub­ A nd on Feb. 22 when the press tion of North America.” M ilita n t was indicting as a crime. lic was reported in our issue of On July 25, in reply to the This is a modest socialist tabloid M ay 10. lished by other sources, Pioneer was howling about Cuba’s new frame-up charge that Cuba’s new edited in New York . . . Its truth On July 26 we published the Publishers published trade relations with the USSR, a M ilita n t editorial said: “In turn­ relations with the Soviet Union remains compressed in fo u r text of his denunciation of the .the following on Cuba: ing toward the Soviet Union constituted a “ hemispheric threat,” pages.’ Boumedienne coup in Algeria. “The Revolution Must Be with friendly interest, the Cuban we declared: “The Cuban people On Oct. 23 we reported an SWP Again exclusively, on Oct. 18 ;a School of Unfettered people are taking a direction that are entitled to seek and accept mayoralty election rally in New we reported what Castro really , Thought” by Fidel Castro. corresponds w ith the deepest needs help from any source to defend York where Julio Medina, then said in his challenge to Johnson “Fidel Castro Denounces of their revolution. Every revolu­ themselves against economic re­ leader of the July 26 Movement to open the doors of the U. S. to Bureaucracy and Sectarian­ tionary socialist w ill greet this prisals or armed intervention from in this country, declared his sup­ Cubans who wanted to come here. abroad. This is the mark of the port for the SWP ticket on the In the same issue we carried the ism.” with satisfaction . . On April 11 we carried the first independence they have made basis of its record in defense of text of Guevara’s letter to Castro “The Road to Revolution such sacrifices to win.” Cuba. on his decision to leave Cuba to in Latin America” by Fidel dispatch from Cuba by our editor, Joseph Hansen, who went there Our lead article Oct. 3 reported We featured an extensive report pursue revolutionary activity else­ ‘ Castro. with Farrell Dobbs to study the Castro’s speech to the UN: “Castro Dec. 25 on Fidel Castro’s speech where. i “The Second Declaration revolution first-hand. Tells World How U. S. Bled Cuba.” declaring his adherence to Marx- 1966 yof Havana.” The following week we fea­ On Oct. 24, a banner headline ism-Leninism. In this we refuted We rounded up the available 1 *■ “The Truth About Cuba” tured a statement made by Dobbs reported: “Cuban Government the widespread lies in the capi­ news on China’s reduction of trade I'by Joseph Hansen. on his return calling for a policy Captures Invaders from Florida talist press about what he actual­ with Cuba in our Jan. 10 issue. Base — Sweeping Nationalization ly said. ’• '■ "In Defense of the Cuban of friendship with Cuba. This was And on Jan. 24 we reported — Law Answers Plot of State Dept.” 1962 R e volution” by Joseph Han­ to be a central theme of his elec­ again, to our knowledge, exclu­ 1961 On Jan. 15 we front-paged Cu­ sively — Castro’s report of the sen. tion campaign. On radio and TV and through press interviews On Jan. 2 we featured a unique ba’s plans to wipe out illiteracy. facts of the Chinese-Cuba agree­ , “The Theory of the Cuban across the country he told the expose by Joseph Hansen: “The We published the complete text ment on the exchange of sugar and . Revolution” by Joseph H an- tru th about Cuba as he had seen Truth About Cuba’s Electrical of the Second Declaration of Ha­ rice on which the Chinese reneged. »sen. it first hand. Workers.” It documented from vana March 5 and it was then On Jan. 31 we reported the “Trotskyism and the Cu- Throughout the campaign we the Cuban counter-revolutionary rushed into print as a pamphlet. available facts on Castro’s at­ • ban Revolution” by Joseph carried such headlines as “Dobbs press the charge by the Cuban On April 7, we featured thè tack on Trotskyism. ’’Hansen. Opens Campaign with TV Defense government that the counter­ text of the March 13 speech by We shall continue to remain un­ “How Cuba Uprooted Race of Cuba — Million Hear L. A. revolutionaries were behind dif­ Castro, “The Revolution Must Be conditional defenders of the Cuban ficulties being created by the ' Discrimination” by Harry Telecast”; “Dobbs Flays State a School of Unfettered Thought” revolution and shall strive to re­ Dep’t Cuba Policy — Urges Amity union bureaucracy as well as ac­ plus an analysis of his speechn.de- main a principal source of infor­ R in g . in TV Appeal” ; “Dobbs Urges La­ tual acts of sabotage. nouncing the bureaucratic prac­ mation about the revolution. Monday, February 14, 1966 THE MILITANT Page Seven

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[T h is column is an open forum quest, has revealed new docu­ Hot Air Specialists Nevertheless, just to make the or was not chauvinistic. for all viewpoints on subjects of mented evidence of forgery, per­ New York, N. Y. ridiculousness of it all even more I did not identify the author of general interest to our readers. jury, and suppression of evidence When it comes to prosecuting a obvious, here’s what the Times the statement nor the date on Please keep your letters brief. on the part of the FBI and the war half way around the world reports: “If there were a nuclear which it was made. I used Web­ Where necessary they will be U. S. prosecutors including Roy you can’t beat LBJ for ruthless attack today, Mr. Cooney (New ster’s definition of chauvinism as abridged, Writers' initials w ill be Cohn. efficiency. But when it comes to York City’s Civil Defense Direc­ “militant, boastful, and unreason-: used, names being withheld unless The Rosenberg-Sobell case has domestic programs and problems tor) said, New Yorkers would be ing devotion to one’s country, race, authorization is given fo r use.] troubled the conscience of our Johnson is efficient only in the better off taking shelter in a build­ or sex.” country and the world for many area of hot air production. Two ing with a grocery store than in Out of 30 students answering one of the unstocked buildings de­ the question, only one was dis­ Help Morton Sobell years. Today such reputable pub­ newspaper items w ill give you an lications as Newsweek, Chicago illustration of what I’m talking signated as a shelter.” I t seems turbed by the racist term “yellow New York, N. Y. Daily News, Washington Evening about. that 12,000 out of 19,000 of the dwarf.” The other 29 students In this 16th year of imprison­ Star, Cleveland Plain Dealer and The Jan. 31 New York Times re­ city’s fallout shelters have no food, spent the entire 50 minutes de­ ment of my innocent husband, many others are calling for a re­ ported that an Office of Economic no water and no medical supplies. fending America’s right to and Morton Sobell, we are once more exam ination of this case. Opportunity survey indicated that Thus, if by some miracle you need for “superior air power” and going into the Federal Court in should survive a nuclear blast in justifying the statement in gen­ I urgently request that all those over half of the poor “had not New York City in an attempt to a fallout shelter you would in eral. One student even went so who are concerned with this im­ heard about a Government anti­ secure a hearing. A new book on short order starve to death or die far as to say that the person mak­ portant question of justice write to poverty program.” As an indica­ the case, published by Doubleday of thirst. ing the statement was certa in ljj U. S. Attorney General Nicholas tion of how effective his supposed and written by Walter and M ir­ not a patriot (maybe he was de B. Katzenbach, Justice Depart­ antipoverty d rive is, Johnson The hot air behind the fallout a iam Schneir, Invitation to an In- Communist), for he had the nerve ment, Washington, D. C., urging ought to rename his program “the shelter program is even more de­ to imply that America wasn’t that he support our petition for secret war on poverty.” ceptive than that behind the so- ¡limilllllllllllllllllllllllll . first in air power! a hearing. Any additional infor­ The same article indicates that called antipoverty program. And B . O . mation and printed forms urging the Medicare program is also not neither of them is designed to 1 0 Years Ago this may be obtained from .the being made effectively available produce on their alleged goals. to those it is supposedly designed Sobell Committee, 150 Fifth Ave­ Arthur Maglin Fan Mail Dep't. In The M ilitant nue, New York, N. Y. 10011. to help: the aged. The Times says that “apparently more than a m il­ London, Ont., Canada ?mimiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiniiMiiiiimiimiiiiiiimmi£ Helen Sobell lion persons over 65 years of age Enclosed is $3.00 plus exchange NEGRO COED DEFIES ALA­ (Mrs. Morton Sobell) Students Flunk Out have not exercised their right to to renew my subscription to The BAMA LYNCHERS AND RACIST sign up.” Cleveland, O. M ilita n t. Your full coverage and OFFICIALS — Autherine Lucy Effect of Transit Strike In another article in the same Inspired by your front-page commentary on the Negro strug­ spent this week fighting lynch issue of the Times it is reported Johnson quote of Dec. 27, 1965, gle, the colonial, revolution, and • Minneapolis, Minn. mobs and racist officials of the that the federal government’s fall­ in which he said, “No matter the antiwar movement are very'1 University of Alabama in Tusca­ I am writing to relate to The out shelter program is being run what else we have of offensive inspiring to a young socialist in a * loosa for her elementary right to M ilita n t readers a local incident with hopeless inefficiency. Grant­ or defensive weapons, without very conservative area. I particu­ study in a public school. While which I think reflects some of ed that this program never offered superior air power America is a larly liked the articles on Ameri­ she was facing the racist mob the magnitude and meaning the any more than a false security bound and throttled giant; im­ can history and the biographical almost alone Adlai Stevenson, the recent New York transit strike under the cover of which Wash­ potent and easy prey to any yel­ sketches of important revolution* leader of the Democratic Party, had on workers elsewhere. Being ington could merrily go about its low dwarf with a pocket knife,” aries. I am late in sending in my was making a speech in Los this was a most effective and policy of continually bringing the I gave my college English class renewal and I hope I don’t miss Angeles, Feb. 7, expressing the pow erful strike — and a success country to the brink of nuclear an exam in which I asked them too m any issues. ■ view that desegregation should for the transport workers involved disaster. to show how the statement was G . N . A: “proceed gradually” so as “not to — many workers followed and upset, overnight, traditions and supported this strike wholeheart­ habits older than the republic.” edly. Stevenson, banner-bearer of the I work in a warehouse where Democratic party and supported the Teamsters (Local 239, Mnpls.) It Was Reported in the Press by the Negro and labor leaders, have recently organized the 25-30 made it absolutely clear that if warehouse workmen and freight Note to Cliff Dwellers — “The the Minnesota Multiphasic Per­ Castle, as “ a fortress commanding elected president, he would not handlers. The workers and their three bears have better living sonality Inventory. Among the the Straits of Gibraltar and over-' use the power of his office to business agent drew up their con­ quarters than most people, ac­ questions asked were whether looking the Casbah in Tangier^ provide protection to the Negro tract with their local demands and cording to Arnold Friedman of their sex lives were “satisfactory” Morocco. The castle, built in the people in the South who are in a conditions, somewhat along Team­ Pratt Institute . . . Friedman said and if they believed in “ the sec­ 16th century . . . has some mod­ life and death struggle with or­ ster contracts of similar ware­ that zoos are better designed than ond coming of Christ.” One of the em touches, including a swim­ ganized terrorists. houses. high rise apartment buildings purposes of the test, it was ex­ ming pool lined in 17th Century Asked by a minister at the Los The company has refused to ac­ where people are stacked row on plained, is to spot potential drop­ Moorish tile. The price: $1 mil-* Angeles meeting if Stevenson cept the Teamster contract pro­ row in cubicles. Mr. Friedman outs. It was not said which was lion.” j would use “the Army, Navy and posal. The company demands an­ observed that zoos have to be the key question in this regard. No TV Shorts — Carl Lerner FBI” to enforce the integration other contract and an open-shop well designed environments to who edited the film “Requiem fd r Socialism Anyone? — New decision of the Supreme Court, the work situation. There is discus­ keep animals alive. He inferred a Heavyweight” is upset because York is the richest city in the Presidential aspirant replied no. sion now among these Teamsters that the effect of environment on ten minutes of footage edited out richest country in the world. Yet Action of that type, Stevenson as to the next move. Threaten to human beings may be less obvious of the original production ■ haVu officials estimate that 2.3 million said, “brought on the Civil War.” strike or strike is the line of their than the effect of a zoo on the been put back in for a CBS-TV Autherine Lucy applied for ad­ discussion. three bears, but it deserves inves­ New Yorkers are unable to pay showing. Thé film will tun 95 for doctor’s care. mission to the University of Ala­ Last week when the union ste­ tigation.” — The Feb. 3 New minutes instead of the 85 it < nan bama in 1952. Legal action was ward and the business agent were Y o rk Herald Tribune. Cramped Quarters? — I f you on movie screens. The re asortì started when she was refused confronting the company officials, Eighty-five minutes is not long throughout the warehouse, during Progress Report — The Georgia find your present abode a bit on admittance. She finally won a state legislature is considering es­ enough to provide the requisita Federal Court order prohibiting the breaks, inside the toilet or the small side, consider a castle. tablishment of a committee to number of breaks for commercials; the school from barring her on among any group of two or three Previews, Inc., a real estate outfit workers there, the slogan was re­ study the problem of mental that specializes in luxury housing Button Bonanza — B utton baron1 racial grounds. She attended her health in the state. Wonder if first class on Friday, Feb. 3. peated over and over — We Want on a world scale, reports a rising Emanuel Ress is one business, inan Quill! We Want Quill! they’ve heard of the dictum: market for castles. Prices can be who is not alarmed by the" rise Over the week-end the organ­ I thought this quite significant Physician, cure thyself. a bit stiff and upkeep is on the of the antiwar movement. He says izers of the mob violence — mys­ here in an isolated warehouse high side, but taxes are generally the “causeniks” have beeii a ¿hot teriously unidentified, but un­ Un-Catholic? — The Most Rev. in Minneapolis — a seemingly low. The Wall Street Journal de­ in the arm for the button busir doubtedly the White Citizen Coun­ Egidio Vagnozzi, the Vatican’s provincial midwestem city with scribes one available place York -,*• ,—Haxry'Rtag cil elements who have replaced apostolic delegate to the U. S., hit _i______!_____ populist sentiments still very the KKK in the South — began out at priests who become “m ili­ strong — that these workers fol­ to gather the forces for their tant” unionists. The Wall Street 1 lowed, supported, and now advo­ lynch party. Autherine Lucy was Journal interpreted his comments cate similar forceful and effective FOR not intimidated and defiantly re­ as a Vatican attack on the strik­ actions in their local struggle. , ‘j turned to her classes on Monday, ing faculty members at St. John’s And I think that this was not Feb. 6. University. an isolated, unique feeling ex­ A howling, jeering pack of pressed among workers either. I Demand Rights — Twelve Negro NEW READERS i about 100 men were waiting on members of the St. Petersburg, think this successful strike and the campus for her. When they presentation of organized labor Fla., police force have filed suit learned that their victim had in federal court under the civil If you are a new reader and would like to get better-:' eluded them, they took out their power w ill have a positive effect on the proposed rail strike too. rights act. They charge that being acquainted, you may obtain a special four-month intro- * ugly rage on the automobile of compelled to work primarily in the Dean of Women, Mrs. Sarah If Quill and his fellow leadership ductory subscription by sending this blank and $1 to I defied the injunction and went to Negro areas of the city hinders L. Healy, who had undertaken to their opportunity for advancement escort Miss Lucy from one class­ jail to facilitate the strike action and could do it under pressure, in the department. room to the other. Mrs. Healy’s Pedagogy Dep’t — Some paren­ I car windows were broken. Glass other large industrial union mem­ berships are going to seriously tal protest was registered when was shattered throughout the in­ question why their leaders can’t 14-year-old and 15-year-old Bronx terior. THE MILITANT do the same. junior high school students were Later in the day the racist gang Jack Marsh given a personality test known as 873 Broadway had grown into a lynch mob of New York, N. Y. 10003 about a thousand, th row ing eggs and rocks and jnud at all who Thought for the Week got in their way. They chanted, "There comes a point of no return in the course of events, and “Ho, ho, ho, Autherine must go.” Name The bulk of the mob was dis­ we may well have reached that point in Asia. We may now be com­ tracted from its prey by an elderly mitted to a course leading to the death of millions and the destruc­ Negro man who appeared on the tion of any hope for a new order of law and justice in the world in Street...... Zip...... I scene as a decoy. The mob w ent our lifetime . . . I know as certainly as I know anything in this life after him and Autherine Lucy was that the United States cannot achieve any worthwhile goal from the able to escape from the school course it is pursuing in Vietnam” — Rep. George E. Brown, Jr. (D.- C ity ...... State | with her life. — Feb. 13, 1956. C alif.) in the House Jan. 31. i*age Eight t h e MILITANT Monday, February 14, 1966 Opponents of War Fight A Highly Educational Weekend Victimization by Gov't Young Socialists Hold Gathering NEW YORK — Over 100 young ANN ARBOR, Mich. — Twenty- Defense Fund, c/o Sam Friedman, people from the East Coast par­ ticipated in a Socialist Educational nine people were sentenced on Voice Political Party, Student Ac­ Feb. 1 for convictions arising out tivities Building, University of Weekend here on Feb. 5 and 6, sponsored by the New York Young of a sit-in at the Ann Arbor draft Michigan, A nn A rbor, M ich. 48104. Socialist Alliance. They came board during the Oct. 15-16 dem­ from Boston, Philadelphia, Wash­ onstrations against the war in Vietnam. A t that time, 38 people, Slate Berkeley ington and New York to attend including students, nonstudents the lectures and discussions, and a n d faculty, were arrested. to consider some of the problems YSA-DuBois Debate of socialism in greater depth.- Twenty-nine pleaded not guilty, were convicted in Municipal BERKELEY — The first The spirited weekend began on Court, and appealed to County meeting of the new Friday Saturday morning with a two- Circuit Court. They were defend­ Night Socialist Forum here part lecture by George Novack, ed by Ernest Goodman, a prom­ will feature a debate be­ author of The Origins of Mater­ inent lawyer for the American tween Peter Camejo, nation­ ialism and editor of the soon-to- Civil Liberties Union. al committee member of the be-released book Existentialism vs. Judge James Breaky handed M arxism . Novack traced the de­ Young Socialist Alliance, and velopment of society from the down -sentences ranging from 15 Dynamite Hallinan, leader of to 20 days in ja il and $70 in fines early stages of savagery to the eiach. The protesters are appeal­ the W.E.B. DuBois Clubs. stage of capitalism and the so­ ing to the District Court. Appeal The meeting will take place cialist revolution. Pointing to the bond has been set at $500 per Friday, Feb. 11, and the topic responsibilities of the new genera­ person. will be “Will Working in the tion, he emphasized the need for An important aspect of the case Democratic Party Aid the young people today to fight for is the attempt by Selective Ser­ Antiwar Movement?” socialism as the only real alter­ native to nuclear annihilation. vice officials to use the draft as On Feb. 18, there w ill be a punitive measure against those Drain on Economy who protest the war in Vietnam. a symposium on “Perspec­ Photo by Finer Fifteen of those who participated tives for the Antiwar Move­ Herman Porter, staff writer for SOCIALIST EDUCATION. Jack Barnes, national chairman YSA, iu the sit-in lost their student de­ ment.” Speakers: Sue Cloke, The Militant, discussed the effects speaking at educational weekend gathering in New York. ferments. San Francisco State Vietnam of the war in Vietnam on the One of the students, Douglas Day Committee; Jerry Rubin, U. S. economy. One of the things Truax, regained his deferment af­ Vietnam Day Committee; he pointed out is that the war in night at the new Militant Labor amusing way, he explained the Forum hall, where a ll the sessions ter appealing. Truax retained his Paul M o n t a u k , V.D.C. Vietnam is a drain on the econ­ need for the kind of program and omy, a drain which the American were held. organization represented by the own lawyer. The other 14 still Dr. James G. Whitney, a rem ain reclassified 1-A. Several people w ill begin to feel as taxes Sunday morning, Jack Barnes, Young Socialist Alliance. psychiatrist, w ill speak on have already appealed to higher rise to pay for the war and in­ national chairman of the Young The weekend was the most suc­ selective service boards and have “Parallels Between Politics flation lowers, purchasing power. Socialist Alliance, spoke on the cessful educational conference yet ■been turned down. These cases and Psychology” on Feb. 25. Saturday’s session began early topic “Which Way for Today’s held by the YSA on the East will be taken to court by the All meetings will be at Debs in the morning and went until Radical Youth?” Barnes discussed Coast. The general feeling among American Civil Liberties Union. Hall, 5714 San Pablo Ave., supper time, with discussion and the other radical youth organiza­ participants as they scattered to The students involved urgently Oakland, and will begin at questions about each lecture. In tions, and the programs they of­ their home cities was that it ueed funds for the cost of appeals. 8 p.m. spite of the intensive schedule, fered in opposition to revolu­ helped strengthen the YSA on the Send contributions to: Ann Arbor there was a party on Saturday tionary socialism. In an often coast. Guess Which Half of Wage-Price Controls Really Works

By Dick Roberts This was one o f the issues in more respect from businessmen four percent last year, the actual ever to the price side of the guide­ than the price guideline, and that purchasing power of the dollar In the 1966 State of the Union the transit workers’ strike. The line. Ford may have done a little is the law of profits. declined, and the real increase in message, and in the Economic Re­ transit workers wanted equal better than some, but it isn’t by If we take a closer look at wages was only two percent. That port to Congress which was sub­ wages with other city workers. any means alone in this category. things, it is easy to see how the is considerably lower than the mitted Jan. 27, Johnson made it While they didn’t win full equal­ Roger M. Blough, chairman of wage-price guideline works out in wage guideline. clear that one of the cornerstones ity, the gains they did make had United States Steel Corporation, practice. The original 1962 guide­ upon which he hopes to continue to “violate” the wage guidelines. Not only this, but corporation gave a press conference Jan. 25, line was fixed at three percent, to build the “Great Society” in But the facts are that in actual profits were at an all-time high to unfold the successes of his com­ based on a five-year average. In the forthcoming year, is that practice the guidelines are intend­ in 1965: Johnson boasted that pany in 1965. According to 1964, this level was raised to 3.2 American workers stick to the ed to keep wages down while they increased an average of 20 Blough, profits increased 16.3 per­ profits soar. percent, because of the increased percent. That estimate, by the cent, while sales rose only 8.1 “ wage-price guideline.” productivity in 1964, raising the From one end of the country to way, appears to be a little on the percent. When questioned about The wage-price guideline policy new five-year average. the other, ever since the Kennedy low side, taking into consideration the discrepancy, Blough retorted, was originally proposed in 1962 If the same method were used council set down the guidelines, the annual reports of corporations “It’s about what we’d expect. by the Council of Economic Ad­ to calculate the guideline this companies have been raising pric­ which have begun to come out Normally you’d expect an increase visers to President Kennedy. Ac­ year, it should be raised to 3.6 es. Has anyone heard of any com­ this month. in sales to result in a rise in earn­ cording to them, inflation could percent, because productivity in­ pany low ering prices, the way the Prices Ignored ings.” The ratio, Blough com­ be prevented if workers’ salaries creased again last year. But in­ council suggested, because in some mented according to the Jan. 26 do not rise by more than the na­ stead of doing this, the Johnson Ford Motor Company, for ex­ year they increased productivity New York Times, “was not un­ tional long-term average annual administration figured out a new ample, listed a profit increase of greater than the guideline level? usual for us.” increase in productivity. way of calculating the guideline. 39 percent in 1965 — almost 20 The answer to that question is Some other major corporations On the price side, they argued, They pushed the number of years times the rate of increase in work­ obvious. If a company did that, marked, the following increases for “over-all stability” was the impor­ taken into consideration back a ers’ salaries. That increase hap­ it would cut into profits, and 1965: General Motors, 23 percent, tant thing. The guidepost would couple of years, so that the long- pened to be on the order of $200 there’s one law in this country (bringing in the fantastic grand provide that industries whose pro­ run average would stay low. By million — meaning that individ­ total of $2.1 billion in profits, ductivity is increasing faster than which commands a great deal this reasoning, any year produc­ ual Ford owners raked in tens alone — more than the total in­ the average rate should cut prices; tivity increased, Washington could of thousands of dollars in in­ come of all the governments of those whose productivity is in­ push the average back to include creased profits, compared to the the entire underdeveloped w orld); creasing more slowly than the couple of hundred dollars a work­ a recessionary period, and there­ Cities Service, 23 percent; Alcoa average should raise prices; and by keep the level down. er might have averaged in raises Aluminum, 25 percent; Magnavox, those with the same productivity last year. Even the New York Times, 70 percent, and so forth. growth as the national average But that’s only the beginning which can hardly be considered Johnson’s wage guidelines are should maintain stable prices. a newspaper sympathetic to work­ of the Ford story. If you read a designed to benefit the owners On the face of it, this might little further on in the report, you ers, pointed out the hypocrisy of and bosses. They should carry no sound like it would be all to the this method. “Mr. Meany,” the find that while profits increased more weight in any wage negotia­ good of the workers. Everything Times stated editorially Jan. 30, 39 percent, sales per unit (total tions than New York Mayor Lind­ else being equal, if workers pro­ “is right in pointing out that the cars, trucks and tractors world­ say’s pompous threats during the duce more, they would get higher wide) increased only 16 percent. administration has had to do some transit strike — namely, nonf wages, and prices would be ad­ statistical juggling to maintain the This huge discrepancy between whatsoever. The example the justed in such a way that profits 3.2 percent yardstick . . .” increased sales and increased p ro f­ transit workers get in this regard would remain the same — and its can only be accounted for if is a good one. inflation would be prevented. Price Inflation Ford prices went up, or the pro­ But even assuming the guide­ But statistical juggling is only ductivity of the industry in­ lines are followed by the compa­ the beginning of the fraud. Be­ creased, or a combination of both. We may not deceive ourselves nies, which they aren’t, they freeze sides arbitrarily fixing the level There is no other source of this by assuming that the industry of the ratio between wages and prof­ at thé lowest it can get away with, extra profit. the United States and Western its, guaranteeing the bloated prof­ Washington omits to take into Most likely, the greater part of Europe is not planned. It is its the owners of industry are consideration a basic fact that is the increased profit came from in­ planned, and most elaborately. But currently sucking out of the labor of the utmost importance to work­ creased productivity. But what who plans it and fo r w hat ends? of American workers, and deny­ ers. This is the actual in fla tio n happened to the wage-price guide­ It is planned by the owners of ing the workers any betterment of of prices. line? Did anybody find a ’65 Ford capital and for the individual prof­ their condition relative to the cap­ The fact is the consumer price around selling for about 20 per­ it which the enterprises bring. italists. The lowest-paid workers index increased two percent in cent less than the ’64 line? Not This may lead to much prosperity, would be hit the hardest: Some­ 1965, and w ill probably increase quite. The fact of the m atter is, but it also may and does lead to one m aking $1.25 an hour could faster this year due to the Viet­ when it comes to raking in mil­ financial crises, to poverty, to ex­ only get a 4c raise under John­ nam war. This means t'hat while lions in profits, corporations pay ploitation and unemployment, and son’s wage guidelines. Lyndon Johnson wages increased an average of absolutely no attention whatso­ to crime. — W.E.B. DuBois