Negroes Wage Bus Boycott in Albany, Georgia ALBANY, Ga., Jan. 23 — Ne­ groes in this South Georgia city MILITANT were asked tonight at mass meet­ ings that overflowed two churches, Published in the Interests of the Working People to boycott the city’s buses and downtown stores. The boycott call Vol. 26 - No. 6 Monday, February 5, 1962 Price 10c was made by leaders of the Albany Movement — the group that ini­ tiated the anti-segregation demon­ strations in December in which 700 persons were arrested. The U.S. Won Hollow “ Victory” city commission today rejected a request that city officials live up to the agreement that halted those demonstrations. Over Cuba at OAS Parley [A Jan. 28 New York Times re ­ port says that a check made after By Harry Ring the meetings showed the bus boy­ State Department handouts and and economic sanctions against it cott to be effective and that pro-administration newspape'r by all Latin American govern­ “scores of automobiles packed headlines to the contrary, Wash­ ments. with Negroes passed the intersec­ ington won itself a dangerously This “tough” stand was moti­ tion checked. Some of them were hollow victory when it jammed its vated by two considerations: driven by volunteers in a car pool, anti-Cuba resolution through the When the CIA led the invasion of which was organized by the Al­ meeting of the OAS council of Cuba last year it was painfully bany Movement with the help of foreign ministers. apparent that the U.S. was com­ Charles Jones, a field worker for The resolution itself is a truly pletely alone in that act of the Student Nonviolent Coordinat­ obscene piece of hypocrisy. It criminal intervention. It now seeks ing Committee.” ] brands the Cuban government — to create the appearance of pop­ Negro leaders had asked the which smashed the Batista dicta­ ular hemispheric support for fu­ city to end discrimination in pub­ torship that the U.S. kept in power ture aggression against Cuba. In lic facilities, to honor the ruling fo r long years — as a th re a t addition, the Kennedy adminis­ of the Interstate Commerce Com­ to “the freedom of man.” It fur­ tration felt the urgent need to re­ mission desegregating bus stations, ther asserts that Cuba’s liberating but charges from the domestic and to return money paid by socialist revolution endangers ultra-right that it’s incapable of Albanians for bail during the mass “peace” and “democracy” in the smashing the Cuban revolution. arrests in December. hemisphere. This from a govern­ Neither aim was accomplished at Appearing before the city coun­ ment that uses guns and dollars to Punta del Este. cil with the request were Albany maintain dictators in at least a Six Latin American govern­ Movement president Dr. W. G. half dozen Latin-American coun­ ments — representing nearly 150 Anderson, Executive Secretary tries; a government that flouted million of Latin America’s 200 Natalia Trotsky Marion S. Page, Slater King, and all existing law — including the million people — refused to go 7882-7962 Attorney C. B. King. Also present statutes of the OAS — by organ­ along. And it was all too clear was James Foreman, Executive izing the armed invasion of Cuba. that their refusal to do so was Secretary of the Student Non­ A single brief news dispatch motivated not by any sympathy violent Coordinating Committee. completely exposes the degree of for the Cuban revolution but by At the mass meetings, SNCC concern for democracy there fear of major domestic repercus­ "A Heroic Woman" Field Secretary Charles Sherrod is among those who partici­ sions if they openly yielded to asked the Negroes to “remember pated in the brutal gang-up on the dictate of U.S. imperialism. Miss Ola Mae Quarterman when The resolution had to be pared By George Lavan Cuba. Dated Jan. 29, it was a you think about riding a bus.” Reuter’s dispatch from Guatemala down to one that calls upon the oretician, had an important circle Natalia Ivanovna Sedova, Leon (Continued on Page 2) which is ruled by strongman council of the OAS to affect the Trotsky’s widow, who died at of students into which I had the Ydigoras, fervent U.S. ally in pre­ “exclusion” (even the word “ex- good fortune to be introduced by Corbeil, France, on Jan. 23, was serving “the rights of man.” The (Continued on Page 2) born in Romni, a small town in a young militant of the Iskra Justice — How it Works dispatch said: “The newspaper the Poltava region of the Ukraine, group, of which Lenin was one Prensa Libre said today the lead­ in the year 1882. She was one of of the moving spirits . . . The Down in Georgia, USA ers of all opposition Guatemalan six children of Ivan Sedov and Russian Social-Democracy, not yet political parties were exiled from Canadians to Back Olga Kolchevsky. Her mother was split into Mensheviks [minority] S A V A N N A H , Ga., Jan. 26 — the country yesterday.” of the minor nobility; her father, and Bolsheviks [majority-], had The NAACP announced this week Needless to say, there was no of Cossack stock, managed a fac­ groups — in Geneva, Paris, Lon­ that it will file a formal com­ comment from Dean Rusk. He was Monroe Defendants tory owned by relatives. From don and Brussels — which were plaint with the U.S. Department wrapped up in what various press JA N . 30 -— C anadians are p la n ­ the age of eight when she was studious, enthusiastic and fra­ of Justice for a full investigation dispatches called “frantic” and ning to picket the U.S. Consulate orphaned, Natalia was raised by te rn a l.” of the police killing of an un­ “hectic” efforts to line up the in Toronto on Feb. 19 to protest The principal object of the armed Negro. relatives. governments of Latin America for the framed-up “kidnap” trial Geneva study circle was to pre­ Chatham County Patrolman C. Natalia’s rebelliousness mani­ a concerted attack on “totalitari­ scheduled to open that day in pare members for participation in L. Goolsby was cleared in police fested itself early. In boarding an” Cuba. Monroe, North Carolina. underground work in Russia. At court here last week of the slay­ But Rusk achieved far less than school in Kharkov she helped Canadians feel a particular in­ the age of 19 Natalia successfully ing of Arthur James Jan. 6 in the he aimed for at Punta del Este. with secret collections of money terest in the case because Robert carried out her first assignment of Safari restaurant. Goolsby and of­ And in securing what little he to aid political prisoners, urged F. Williams, NAACP leader from this type — transporting illegal ficer C. L. Diffenberfer said did, the U.S. was further exposed her fellow students to read “sub­ Monroe and one of those who literature from Switzerland into James was armed with a stool versive” literature, and reputedly before the people of Latin Ameri­ faces the “kidnap” charge, was Russia. After this secret mission when they entered the restaurant. ca as an arrogant imperialist organized a classroom demonstra­ the object of an intense manhunt she went to Paris and there was power bent on destroying the one tion. This followed an incident outside in Canada last September before active in the Iskra group. Among during which, they said, James government on the continent he escaped to Cuba where he has Student Movement other duties, she headed the com­ which puts human rights before stood up for another Negro. been granted political asylum. mittee whose duty it was to wel­ From Kharkov she went to the Eight witnesses who were in the property rights. In a sermon last month at the come newcomers, find them lodg­ The State Department had University for Women in Moscow restaurant testified that James First Unitarian Church of Toronto, ings and orient them in the city. where she joined a Social-Demo- had his hands over his head and originally demanded that the Rev. John H. Morgan told of a This was how she met the man cratic student group. Thereafter was retreating when the officers meeting expel Cuba from the OAS conversation he had with W il­ and impose mandatory diplomatic she continued her education (Continued on Page 3) fired one shot each. liam s in the sp rin g o f 1961. abroad. Here is how she once “As I sat talking with Robert briefly summarized it: Williams,” he said, “I thought of “It was during my adolescence, the long, sad story of struggle for in the last years of the past cen­ human freedom all around the tury, that I became acquainted Castro’s Views on ‘Peaceful Coexistence’ world . . . and of the unsung with ‘revolutionary ideas,’ which, heroes who have laid down their Fidel Castro was interviewed of the Cuban revolution who Another aspect of the question in old Imperial Russia, often were lives for their persecuted brethren. Jan. 16 by newspapermen from think differently were lost. What is that our politics are not the only those of Western liberalism. It is to this band of leaders that is your opinion of this . . .? politics of sectarianism. On the I was at boarding school in various parts of the world attend­ a m an such as R o be rt W illia m s ing a Havana meeting of the In­ contrary, we maintain open arms Kharkov. We organized some eve­ Answer: . . . the revolution is belongs, and I am chagrined that ternational Organization of Jour­ of friendship — not only to the ning get-togethers of students and aided by all sections of the left any Canadian investigative agency Communist parties, but to all the there I met young people already nalists. The questions covered a and progressive forces in Latin could be innocently trapped into progressive, democratic and left initiated into the world of ideas; wide range of subjects. Of partic­ America. It is possible that in an attempt to search out such a ular interest are the views he ex­ organizations of Latin America. they brought us illegal pamphlets some of these — not. in the sec­ m an.” pressed about the impact in Latin We always receive here delegates which denounced the sufferings of tions themselves, but among A t another meeting addressed by America of his recent declaration from all over the world in an the Russian people and foretold some members of these sections —- Rev. M organ Jan. 30, a nu m b e r of adherence to Marxism-Lenin­ it may have aroused some con­ atmosphere of friendship and of Canadians announced their in­ the conquest of liberty. . . . equality. The sentiment in all “My preparatory studies com­ ism; the prospect of the Latin cern, springing fundamentally tention to picket the U.S. Consu­ American revolution; and his con­ these sections in favor of the pleted, I wanted, like many from the already existing divi­ late the day the trial began. cept of the policy of peaceful co­ revolution and against imperial­ others, to breathe the air of free sions between the sections of the The Committee to Aid the ism is much more powerful than countries and I went to Geneva existence — a subject now under le ft. Monroe Defendents is making an debate throughout the interna­ some doubts, some prejudices, and [Switzerland] to take courses at But, on the other hand, a posi­ urgent appeal for contributions to some differences of an internal the Faculty of Natural Sciences tional radical movement. tive reaction was observable soon defray the heavy costs of the Feb. The following are excerpts from after in all these sections because character with some Communist 19 trials which are scheduled for there . . . I was interested in parties of Latin America. botany in particular and even the interview translated from the anti-imperialist thinking has in­ three of the defendants — a white Jan. 18 issue of the Havana daily, creased greatly in Latin America; And finally, the definition [of Freedom Rider from New York more in social problems, espe­ the revolution as Marxist-Lenin- cially after the prison suicide by Revolution. the consciousness of the masses and two Negro youths from s*s s*t ist] which imperialism tried to fire of Vietrova, a girl student, has matured greatly; and there are Monroe. All contributions and use as an elem ent o f d ivisio n which had greatly affected the Question; In Mexico it is said many sections of the left that have communications should be ad­ within the left served as an elc- dressed to: C A M D , S uite 1117, 141 student youth. that when you declared yourself a consistent anti-imperialist and “Plekhanov, the Marxist the- a Marxist-Leninist many friends revolutionary position. (Continued on Page 2) Broadway, New York 6, N. Y. Page Two THE MILITANT Monday, February 5, 1962 New York Fair Play Rally N.Y. Hospital Union ...C a s tro 's Views on ’Coexistence' (Continued from Page 1) omy does not need wars, colonies Rallies Forces for mont of unity and cohesion be­ or redivision of the world . . . . Condemns U.S. Role at OAS cause of the crystallization of sup­ The politics of peace and peace­ port to the Cuban revolution — ful coexistence is, in all senses, N EW Y O R K , Jan. 30 — M ore ment which recently disbanded Organizing Drive ihe revolution that is a visible the politics of socialism. than 500 people attended a Fair under federal pressure, addressed By Fred Halstead reality — with all the benefits Now, the politics of peaceful Play for Cuba Committee rally the audience both in English and coexistence is coexistence between Backcd by a solid strike victory that it has brought to our peo­ here last night to protest U.S. anti- Spanish and declared that “the ple. . . . states. That does not mean co­ Cuba moves at the OAS. But their majority of people in Latin Amer­ — won on militant picket lines Thus, confronting the divisionist existence between classes. That is enthusiasm bore all the earmarks ica are against sanctions.” strengthened by Freedom Riders politics of imperialism, the Cuban to say I do not mean .... co­ of a victory celebration as the — the New York hospital workers Worthy, who recently returned revolution, and the definition of existence between the exploiters speakers cited Secretary of State union Local 1199, A F L -C IO , is from Cuba, scored those liberals the Cuban revolution, creates a and the exploited. It would be im ­ Rusk’s frustrations at the confer­ preparing an intensified organiz­ and radicals — naming the Amer­ tendency to surmount prejudices, possible to have coexistence be­ ence. ing campaign. icans for Democratic Action and to promote broad, not sectarian, tween the exploited masses of Latin The rally was chaired by FPCC The victory came Jan. 12 after the Socialist Party — who try to policies among all sections of the America and the Yankee monop­ acting executive secretary Richard a 10-day strike against an attempt “straddle the Cuban issue.” He de­ left, and the formation of united olists. It would be impossible to Gibson. The speakers were jour­ by the Flower-Fifth Avenue hos­ clared that defense of Cuba was fronts for action by all sections of have coexistence with these mo­ nalist William Worthy, Cuban- pital to lock out the union. The a key test of capacity to fight for the le ft. nopolists and with the big exploit­ American community leader Julio Jan. 25 issue o f 1199 Hospital social progress in this country. ing bourgoisie and the great land­ Medina, and civil liberties spokes­ New s reports: “ On the picket lines Q. It has been said that the Reporting the shortage of med­ lords, who are allies of the Yankee every morning were a group of example of Cuba has put im­ man Corliss Lament. ical supplies in Cuba resulting imperialists .... Loud cries of Viva Cuba aud Freedom Riders mobilized by perialism on its guard about what from an unofficial boycott by U.S. cheers for “Fidel” rang through Mary Hamilton, field representa­ happens when a people win their The class struggle w ill exist as suppliers, he predicted that the tive for CORE. Many were among liberation. It has also been said long as capitalist and imperialist the hall when (Medina, leader in Kennedy administration would this country of the July 26 Move- the 27 arrested during the strike. that there are nations in Latin regimes exist because the class impose an official embargo on Miss Hamilton spoke at the Ste­ America that have a special im­ struggle is a natural consequence drugs and urged the audience to wards Council meeting Jan. 9, portance for imperialism, as in my of the socio-economic system, of support efforts to send needed declaring that the fight of hos­ country [Venezuela] where im­ the existence of the great work­ medicines there despite a possible ... Bus Boycott pital ,workers in New York, most perialism has great quantities of ing masses confronting a minority ban. of them Negroes and Puerto strategic materials like oil and that owns the riches and the (Continued from Pane 1) Lamont declared that it was the Ricans, “is part and parcel of the iro n .... It appears that im­ means of production. Miss Quarterman was arrested U.S. which shou’d be expelled fight that CORE is putting up for perialism will not hesitate to That is to say, the class strug­ three weeks ago when she took from the OAS because of its abort­ freedom in the south, and that launch a major attack against the gle w ill e xist as lo ng as ca p ita lism a front seat on a city bus. ed April 1961 invasion of Cuba is why we are with you in your next country which has a vic­ exists. The international class [T h e Times dispatch reported which “violated OAS statutes, the strugg le .’ ” torious revolutionary movement struggle between the exploited Miss Quarterman said the driver United Nation’s charter and every Several of those participating, .... Are the external conditions masses and thè monopolists w ill ordered her to the rear of the bus moral and ethical law.” including Miss Hamilton, were sufficiently mature and strong to exist so long as imperialism exists. and she* replied, “I paid my The rally unanimously approved veterans of the Jackson Freedom support a victorious revolution in This is absolutely independent of damned 20 cents, and I’ll sit where a telegram to OAS delegates from Ride and had done time in the another Latin American country? the politics of peaceful coexistence I please.”] countries resisting the sanctions Mississippi state prison. A ...... The action of im­ of states with different economic Sherrod and Jones had them­ demand, urging them to “stand When the hospital announced perialism is not the same in one and social regimes. selves been arrested Jan. 18 when firm against the government that late in 1961 that work performed situation as in another. It is not That is to say, for instance, they took seats in the Trailways seeks to destroy the rights of gov­ by 1199 m em bers w o u ld be con­ the same thing to invade and oc­ Cuba could have maintained, and Bus Terminal lunch room in A l­ ernments to determine their own tracted out as of Jan. 1, few ob­ cupy a territory where a govern­ should maintain, peaceful co­ bany after purchasing tickets. The d e stin y.” servers thought the union could ment has been established and is existence with Venezuela. Cuba arrest was in violation of the Fed­ win the struggle to maintain its recognized internationally as it is eral ICC ruling. would have maintained its rela­ tenuous hold in Flower-Fifth. The to act against a movement in its tions with Venezuela, and even SNCC has strongly criticized hospital is one of seven in which initial stages, as in Algeria or without diplomatic relations it the United States Justice Depart­ Oakland Unions Hit L o cal 1199 had organized the South Vietnam. Then the inter­ ment for failing to enforce the ICC should and w ill maintain peaceful cleaning and dietary workers but vention is more direct and has ruling in South Georgia. On Jan. coexistence with Venezuela. Now, had not 3 et won a contract. fewer obstacles to overcome .... 22, the day before the A lb a n y Red-Baiting 'School' this peaceful coexistence between The appearance of the Freedom We understand that in the long bus boycott began, Charles Mc- the government of Cuba and the OAKLAND, Calif.—A “school” Riders and supporting unionists run they [the imperialists] won’t Dew, SNCC chairman, called upon government of Venezuela does not of Fred Schwarz’ Christian Anti- on the picket line Jan. 2 heartened be able to free themselves from Attorney General Robert Kennedy mean peaceful coexistence be­ Communism Crusade, scheduled the strikers and the line exploded their own politics and, in the long to issue an “immediate injunction tween the working masses of for the week ending Feb. 2 in the into unexpected militancy. The run. they w ill fall into this situa­ against the state of Georgia,” Venezuela and the Standard Oil city-owned Oakland Auditorium, strike then made the front pages tion [of intervention]. But when prohibiting the state from pro­ Company, Shell, Esso, the mo­ has been denounced by the Alameda of the newspapers and attracted they do they w ill be in a condition secuting Jones and Sherrod. nopolies. It does not mean co­ County Central Labor Coun­ widespread sympathy. The final of desperation because the conse- existence between the workers cil, AFL-CIO. The council passed settlement included a small raise LEESBURG, Ga„ Jan. 24 — fjucnces of the struggle, the tre­ and peasants of Venezuela and the a resolution Jan. 17 instructing and a union-shop contract for the mendous impact that it w ill have More than 1,000 parents and mem­ big exploiting bourgoisie allied to alt its officers to oppose the Cru­ cleaning workers. This was more in the United States itself, will bers of the Lee County Training these interests. sade’s affair. than the union’s original demands, School PTA met at the school not be long in producing deep There can and there should be which were simply reinstatement auditorium last night and voted The Crusade was also de­ repercussions in that society which peaceful coexistence between of the workers and recognition of is living at present in relative unanimously to continue a boy­ nounced before the Oakland city states. But that is independent of their right to belong to the union. abundance .... cott of the school. The boycott council Jan. 16 by Paul Montauk, the class struggle within each L o ca l 1199 has called a general began when a 16-year-old honor a spokesman for the Oakland In these circumstances the con-' cou ntry. membership meeting for Feb. 1 student, Charles Wingfield, was branch of the Socialist Workers tradictions and internal crises w ill to “rally for tough fights ahead,” suspended after he demanded bet­ Party. The SWP statement pre­ intensify. The struggle of the im­ and has set a Feb. 12 deadline ter equipment for the Negro in­ sented to the council pointed out perialists to halt the liberation of for a strike for union recognition Illinois Students Stage s titu tio n . that the signature of Oakland the peoples of Latin America is Mayor John C. Houlihan appears and a wage raise at Beth El Hos­ going to produce qualitative on a proclamation supporting pital in Brooklyn. changes in the United States it­ 57-Hour Peace Vigil JAN 31 — The student protest “. . . Anti-Communism Week in self and in the attitude of the peo­ movement at Southern University CARBONDALE, 111., Jan. 29 — our city to coincide with the dates ple toward the policies of the in Baton Rouge, backed by the Members of the Southern Illinois of the San Francisco Bay Region monopolists .... Congress of Racial Equality, is University Student Peace Union School of Anti-Communism.” The . . . OAS Parley Therefore one has to rely on planning a daily schedule of ac­ (SPU) began a 57-hour vigil to­ proclamation and signature appear the continuation of the struggle. tivities to put pressure on the (Continued from Page 1) day in support of the “World Wide in a brochure advertising the Cru­ Liberation is not won by passive school administration for the re­ pulsion” was dropped) from the General Strike For Peace” move­ sade’s Bay Area affair, for which means. It is won by fighting. It admission of almost. 50 students resolution. This will mean fur­ m ent. a fee of $20 per head is being is won by confronting the rich who have been suspended or ex­ ther months of embarrassing de­ The SIU-SPU has called upon charged. and having faith in the real cor­ pelled for participation in anti­ bate and arm-twisting for the all students and area residents to relation of forces that exists in segregation demonstrations. D enouncing the Crusade as an State Department. The pretense of join in the vigil which will be the world and having faith in Fifty students picketed on the ultra-right-wing organization with “hemispheric unity” against Cuba conducted on the campus in day­ the support and solidarity of all campus today. More than 500 stu­ definite partisan political over­ has been shattered. The major time and in downtown Carbondale the peoples of the world. dents later attended a rally at tones and questionab’e financial governments of Latin America at night. Participation in the which a boycott of classes was affairs, Montauk demanded to have been further antagonized. Q. (Delegate from Italy) Dr. “General Strike” is the first of a proposed. know if the city were subsidizing And the right wing here has been C astro .... Is the struggle for series of actions planned by the the "school” by charging low fees given new ammunition for brand­ coexistence a question of tactics SIU-SPU directed toward inform­ ing the administration an organ­ for the auditorium or loaning in the struggle against imperial­ ing the public of the dangers of school buses for transporting cus­ izer of “ fiascos.” ism or a permanent strategy of continuing the arms race. Weekly Calendar tomers to the affair. For example the Republican the workers’ movement? Do you ‘We are not protesting the right New York Herald Tribune, Jan. think that socialism can win — of this so-called “School of Anti- 31, offered this estimate: ‘ Bitter not only in some countries, but DETROIT Communism” to a public plat­ debate that stretched into a throughout the world — through Special Offer A Marxist analysis of current events form,” the SWP statement said. talkathon in Punta del Este added the stable means of peaceful co­ around the world. Fri.. Feb. 9, 8 p.m. “We thoroughly believe in freedom up to a net loss for the U.S. We existing that will erase war for­ To New Readers Debs Hall, 3737 Woodward. Ausp. Fri­ of speech and assembly for people wanted a big stick policy admin­ ever from the lives of humanity? day Night Socialist Forum. of all points of view . . . Our istered by 20 foreign ministers A. I do not believe .... th a t A four-month trial sub­ • concern here is the possible use against Castro communism . . . peaceful coexistence is a question scription to The Militant for We didn’t get what we wanted, N E W Y O R K of taxpayers’ funds for the pur­ of tactics. Peaceful coexistence is only 50 cents. Send this cou­ pose of enriching a right-wing to quarantine Communist-domin­ simply — as you say — a correct A Scientist Views the Bomb. Effects ated Cuba. The best we could pon with payment to: The of the recent Soviet tests and the mean­ anti-labor organization.” strategy. But there is something Militant, 116 University ing of a U.S. test resumption. Speaker, The city council didn’t answer work out was a weary comprom­ else. Peaceful coexistence is truly David Dreiser. Fri., Feb. 9, 8:30 p.m. Montauk’s questions, but council- ise.” a necessity for humanity. That is Place, New York 3. N.Y. 116 University Place. Contrib. 50c. Ausp. man Howard Riles asked him if But the essential point was to say, it is necessary at all costs Militant Labor Forum. his “party is the same Socialist made in a Jan. 29 de cla ration to to avoid an atomic world war be­ N am f ...... * * * party that is in power in Britain?” the conference by Cuban Presi­ cause of the catastrophic conse­ Hear 3 Defendants in Monroe Kidnap Montauk replied that the British dent Osvaldo Dorticos who de­ quences it would bring all hu­ Street ...... Frame-up, plus civil-rights attorney Con­ Labor Party is not in power [it clared: “You may put us out of manity. Therefore it is a question rad Lynn and journalist William Worthy lost the 1951 elections] and that the OAS, but the United States of principle, a line that meets the at protest rally Thur., Feb. 15, 8:30 p.m. City ...... Zone. . . . will continue to have a revolu­ Riverside Plaza Hotel. 237 West 73rd St. the parties are not the same. The needs and hopes of humanity, and council meeting quickly ad­ tionary and socialist Cuba 90 it is correct politically. It is the (Off Broadway.) Ausp. Committee to State ...... Aid Monroe Defendants. jo urn ed. miles from its shores.” politics of socialism, whose econ­ Monday, February 5, 1962 THE MILITANT Page Three .. .The Life of N atalia Trotsky t h e MILITANT (Continued from Page 1) health improved and in a resur­ gence of energy there now fol­ Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN whose life would thereafter be indissolubly linked with hers. lowed some of the most produc­ Managing Editor: GEORGE LA VAN Business Manager: KAROL YN KERRY “In 1902,” she relates, “I was tive years of his life. It was a Published weekly, except for omission of five summer issues, by The M ilitant living in Paris. 1 ate at an apart­ race against time to found a new Publishing Ass’n., 116 University PI.. New York 3, N.Y. Phone CH 3-2140. Second- ment on Hue Lalande, where to international revolutionary move­ class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscription: $3 a year; Canadian, $3.50; live more cheaply we pooled our ment and to make Marxist anal­ foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The yses of the degeneration of the M ilitant’s views. These are expressed in editorials. resources. Julius Martov came there. Twenty-nine years old, he USSR and prognoses for its regen­ eration. Both ho and Natalia — V o l. 26 - No. 6 »345 M onday, F e b ru a ry 5, 1962 was already known as one of the founders of the first Russian So- and many others — realized that cial-Democratic groups and one huge forces were being deployed of the veterans of the terrible and tremendous sums of money Siberian exile at Turukhansk . . . expended by Stalin to bring about Your Help Is Needed It was he who announced to us his murder. There are many claims on American workers for support to one day at the table the arrival Coyoacan hard-pressed, worthy causes here at home. The extent of solidarity of a young escapee from Siberia . . . and Leon Davidovitch [Trot­ D u rin g the n ig h t o f M a y 24, shown in response to appeals frequently determines the victory sky] came to Rue Lalande the 1940 an a tte m p t was made in a or defeat in a strike, a civil-rights struggle or a civil-liberties very day of his arrival in Paris. military operation employing case. But Americans owe a debt of international solidarity as well. He was 23 years old; he had just scores of men dressed in police On the international scene no situation calls out with such spent three years in exile in uniforms, utilizing machine guns, need and urgency as that of the Algerian people. For seven years eastern Siberia. His vitality, lively incendiary bombs, and highly they have been suffering the onslaughts of the French army, spirit and capacity for work had specialized equipment. Led by which has embraced all the techniques of torture and reprisal already led to his recognition as Natalia Trotsky during the David Alfaro Siquieros, the well- formerly used by the Nazis, because of their determination to an energetic and mature per­ first years of her exile. known Stalinist artist who had be free. son ality. been a colonel in the Spanish civil war, the trained GPU squads, prevailed on the government to The casualties, mass imprisonments, tortures and economic Baudelaire’s Grave broke into the walled yard of expel the dangerous revolutionary. disaster in which the Algerians are being made to pay for their Trotsky’s Coyoacan home, held “He had little interest in Paris Refused entry by Britain, Italy stubborn struggle has been concealed from the American public off possible interference with at that time. ‘Odessa is better!’ and Switzerland, he was dumped Vy a press which, faithful to Washington directives, sides w ith.or streams of machine-gun fire while he cried jokingly. He was espe­ over the Spanish border by the ¿overs up for French imperialism. two detachments made for Trot­ cially occupied with getting to French police. Jailed in Spain as v We have recently received two urgent appeals for help to sky’s bedroom. know the socialist movement a “dangerous anarchist,” he was the Algerians and herewith recommend them to our readers, urg­ among the Russian émigrés. But released as a result of agitation From two sides they poured ing that'in the name of international solidarity, elementary jus­ we chanced to go together to look by Spanish republicans and al­ machine-gun fire into the room, tice and humanity every effort be made to respond. at Baudelaire’s grave which is to lowed to embark at Barcelona, riddling the bed and the walls. From Paris has come a letter from the newly formed Soli­ be seen behind the wall of Mont­ where Natalia and the children It seemed impossible that any­ darity Committee for Victims of the Repression in the Algerian parnasse cemetery . . . From that had caught up with him, for the body within could live. But Na­ period my life did not separate talia, awakening at the first noise, War. Its president is Professor Laurent Schwartz and its sponsors United States. from his. We lived on Rue Gas­ had pulled her husband to the Two months after the family include such eminent and honorable names as Simone de Beauvoir, sendi in those airy neighborhoods floor in a corner and there pro­ had settled in a flat in the Bronx, Claude Bourdet, Jean-Paul Sartre, Vercors and many others. that our emigres loved so. From tecting him and little Seva, Trot­ with Trotsky working on the Rus- ‘ The letter tells how the thousands of Algerians in French my family I received some 20 sky’s grandson, with her own sian socialist paper, N ovy M ir, prisons have won the status of political prisoners as a result of rubles, which was about 50 francs, body, they waited out the mur­ which was published in New their heroic 21-day hunger strike. This new status entitles each a month. Leon Davidovitch made derous attack. Miraculously only York, news came of the outbreak as much from writing for publi­ Seva was wounded and that to receive a food package four times a year. But for most this is of the revolution against the Czar. cations: that gave us a very slightly. The GPU however, car­ a theoretical right since their families are either destroyed, dis­ It took several weeks to get the slender budget, but in Paris we ried off the guard, Robert Sheldon persed, impoverished or herded into “regroupment camps” in necessary documents to travel had the good comradeship of the Harte, a young American socialist, Algeria. Regarding themselves as prisoners of war. these prisoners back to Russia and on March 27, refugees, the endless thought who had been on duty that night disdain official charity but w ill gratefully accept packages from showered with wishes of bon about Russia, the great ideas for at the gate. His murdered body voyage and flowers by the Rus­ friends or sympathizers of their struggle. which we were living. . . .” was later dug up by the police sian socialist colony in New York, The Solidarity Committee has undertaken to send 11-pound She and Trotsky were living in at the gang’s abandoned hideout. the Trotskys left the U.S. packages to each of the Algerian detainees in the prisons'in France Geneva in 1905 w hen news came But Stalin’s failure of May 24 and concentration camps in Algeria. The next date on which they of the Jan. 22 massacre of work­ October Revolution was made good on Aug. 20, when w ill be allowed to receive such packages is March 6 (end of ers petitioning the Czar at his In the months which preceded the GPU agent, who called him­ Moslem holidays of Ramadan); the other dates are Easter, July winter palace. Trotsky sensed self Jacson, drove a pickaxe into that this was the beginning of a the Bolshevik or October Revolu­ 14 and Christmas. A package costs 30 new francs, about $6.10 tion, Natalia was a propagandist Trotsky’s brain. revolution and the couple made American. Inform the Solidarity Committee if it should put your Natalia thus survived her hus­ immediate plans for return to and educational officer in the name on the package as sender when you make a donation. Checks band by 21 years. They were Russia. Natalia went ahead to trade unions of Petrograd (as St. and money orders can be sent to: M. Albert Roux, 30 rue Le- Petersburg had been renamed). years of loneliness. One bright make arrangements and secure spot was the marriage of Seva, courbe, Paris XV, France. secret lodgings. The May Day After the October Revolution her step-grandson, and the ar­ Thé second appeal comes from Morocco where masses of meetings of the workers in St. she worked in the Commissariat rival of four little daughters in Algerian refugees are living without sufficient food or clothing Petersburg had to be held secretly of Public Education where she the family. Natalia had moments in improvised tents. Particularly heart-rending is the plight of in the forests. But the one which was in charge of preserving mu­ of true happiness as she walked Natalia had been assigned to speak seums, art treasures and historical the war orphans and children of refugees. Despite the monu­ with these little toddlers around mental efforts of the FLN (National Liberation Front of Algeria) at was surrounded by Cossacks monuments from the ravages of revolution and civil war. In this the house and garden. and the self-sacrificing teachers (volunteers from Europe and and she and several others were period the Trotskys lived in the In this period political disagree­ Algeria), undernourished, poorly clad children must trudge miles arrested. After some months in prison she was exiled to Tver, but Kremlin sharing a bathroom and ments sometimes arose between in the bitter cold weather to makeshift schools which often lack the progress of the Revolution dining room with Lenin and his Natalia and the movement her books, pencils, paper, etc. forced an amnesty and she and wife, Krupskaya. husband had founded, for exam­ These victims of a bestial colonial war need massive aid — Trotsky, who had been hiding in The degeneration of the revolu­ ple, with the Socialist Workers money, medicines, clothing, powdered milk, etc. Such aid should Finland (then a Russian prov­ tion, giving greater and greater Party in the U.S. But this never be sent to the Algerian union federation whose address is: UGTA, ince), reunited in Petersburg. power to .the increasingly priv­ altered the respect or affection or 30 Avenue Temara, Rabat, Morocco. ileged bureaucracy and its leader, material support which the move­ President of Soviet Stalin, resulted in the expulsion ment tendered her. The Czarist reaction smashed of Trotsky and the Left Opposi­ N ew Y o rk Visit the R e vo lu tio n in D ecem ber 1905. tion from the Communist Party New Threat to Press Freedom The trial of 51 leading members in 1927 and his e x ile to A lm a A ta In 1957 N a ta lia v is ite d N e w York. On an earlier trip to Paris The Justice Department, under Attorney General Robert of the Soviet, with Trotsky, as in C e n tra l Asia e a rly in 1928. she had been denied permission’ Kennedy, has begun an ominous move against such freedom of president, at their head, took Then came the expulsion to Tur­ place the following October. Dur­ key early the next year. Thus by the U.S. even to leave that the press as exists in the United States. The publishers and sev­ ing his imprisonment Natalia bore began their second long period of section of New York’s Idlewild eral staff members of the newspaper, The Worker, have been their first son, Leon Sedov. Like exile — Turkey, France, Norway airport reserved for undesirable subpoenaed to appear before a federal grand jury in Washing­ most of the defendants, Trotsky and finally Mexico. aliens in transit. Thus permission ton, D.C. The publisher’s representative was scheduled to appear was sentenced to life-exile in Natalia’s strength of character to visit the U.S. made her very Feb. 1. Siberia and sent off to Obdorsk, and indomitability were never happy. The subpoenas, according to the Jan. 21 issue of The W orker, above the arctic circle. He quickly more evident than in the mid- But the U.S. Immigration were issued under the sections of the McCarran Act requiring made a celebrated escape — 1930’s. In this period she was a authorities had a string on their the labeling of literature of “Communist Action” or “Communist traversing some 700 kilometers by tower of moral strength for her kind offer: she was to have a Front” organizations, denying tax exemptions to such organiza­ reindeer sled — and secretly met husband whose tremendous w ill “conversation” with Rep. Walter tions, denying passports to members, and requiring the registra­ Natalia in Finland. They lived un­ power and fortitude were shaken of the House Un-American Activi­ derground in Finland and St. Pe­ by the severest test. This was the ties Committee. She need not say tion of members. tersburg while the reactionary period of the great purges in Rus­ anything in particular to him, in­ The outrageous McCarran Act — the first law in U.S. his­ press raged at the police for let­ sia, the monstrous frame-ups. deed it could be a private meet­ tory which in effect outlaws a political party — is now being ting him escape. The appearance Trotsky’s first wife, his two ing of a few minutes duration. invoked to outlaw a newspaper. The paper’s editor, James E. of his little book, Going and Re­ daughters by her, and their hus­ When American friends and the Jackson, after the subpoenas were issued, said: “The Worker w ill tu rn in g , added fuel to the flames bands, fell victim to Stalin. Leon leaders of the SWP explained the fight any restrictions upon its right to publish and its right to but brought in enough money to Sedov, the oldest son of Trotsky nature of the reactionary, head­ the market place of ideas, and w ill not submit to any discrimin­ make possible his escape from and Natalia, died under mysterious line-hunting Un-American Com­ atory, unconstitutional labeling.” Russia via Sweden. Natalia and circumstances with all signs point­ mittee and how it would exploit This fight should be supported by all those loyal to the First the child soon joined him abroad, ing to the GPU, Stalin’s secret her merest meeting with Walter, settling in Vienna where a second police. Their younger son, Sergey, she made her refusal known to Amendment and freedom of the press. In addition, a solid front son, Sergey was b o m in 1908. a scientist, apathetic to politics, Walter’s intermediary. She was against these repressive measures, and in defense of their victims, With the outbreak of the first who had chosen therefore to stay thereupon immediately and bru­ should be forged by all the left-wing forces in the country, imperialist world war, which he with his wife in the Soviet Union, tally ordered out of the country. whether they sympathize with the editorial policies of The bitterly opposed, Trotsky and his disappeared into Stalin’s prisons. Natalia lived long enough to W orker or not. The weapon of supression is being tested on The family were ordered out of Aus­ Finally, Mexico under President see the beginning of the end of W orker for use at a later date against any organs which may tria. They went to France where Cardenas offered the Trotskys Stalinism. She did all within her challenge the reactionary policies of the government. the Czarist ambassador finally political asylum. Trotsky’s failing power to hasten this process. Page Four THE MILITANT Monday, February 5, 1962

BOOK REVIEW A Remarkable Socialist Testament Letters from Our Readers The Kremlin Vs. Albania Barkin’s booklet on the unions In t h e M id s t o f L i f e . B y Thom as could find another Bob Ingersoll and militarism — of which latter th a t “ he (M r. B a rk in ) sets as Bell. 275 pp. New York: and someone willing to rent them the secret police is but another Cleveland, Ohio labor’s goal to make private en­ The editorial position of The A nth ene um , 1961. $4.50. a hall — one feels that the FBI arm — are invariably fatal. They terprise function more equitably M ilita n t regarding the Soviet dip­ would be out in force; the Im­ are the death rattle in the throat. and humanely.” An excellent goal, A year ago on Jan. 17, 1961 lomatic break with Albania was, migration Department would be American capitalism is doomed. no doubt. But even if the unions Thomas Bell died in a small town it seems to me, in serious contra­ present sniffing out possible de­ But then so am I, and I keenly did succeed in organizing women, in Northern California. His an­ diction with the principles for portees, the Bureau of This would regret that I shall almost certainly Negroes, Puerto Ricans, white col­ niversary should not pass un­ which the paper stands. be taking down the license num­ be the first to go.” lar and low-waged service em­ noticed. He was, in the best so­ Under the heading, “Moscow’s ber of every car parked in the He has gone, leaving behind the ployes, etc., they would still have cialist sense, “one of ours.” Break With Albania,” ( M ilita n t, vicinity and the Bureau of That vivid image of a courageous, a very powerful force with which 12/18/61) the editorial states: Many months before his end he tape-recording every word ut­ balanced, dignified character to contend and which would seem “Regardless of motivation, the knew that he was aflicted with tered, while hidden cameras pho­ shaped and inspired by socialist to always have the whip hand. Kremlin exposure and denuncia­ an inoperable malignant cancer tographed one and all. objectives. If you care to make In the same issue is a picture and his thread of life would soon posthumous acquaintance with tion of the savagely repressive “Question: Has any society of President McDonald of the be cut. one of the finest Americans of regime in Albania furthers the long survived after the secret United Steel Workers winking Philosophers have often lauded our generation, read this last process of democratization within police, the priests and generals happily at Mr. Clifford Hook, one­ “the life of reason.” Tom Bell not testament of Thomas Bell. the Soviet bloc and the Com­ took over? I don’t know history time head of the U.S. Steel Corp. only directed his life but his death munist Parties internationally.” It too well but I doubt it. Religion William F. Warde Some years ago I read an article then goes on to speak of some according to the highest stand­ by the late Louis Adamic in ards of reason. positive developments in the de- which he described what he Stalinization campaign and of the As a novelist by profession, he called “AFL Big Shots” as follows: need for free fraternal discussion resolved to deal with the last “Prosperous - looking, Babbit - chapter of his mortal career by The Art of Public Speaking of the various tendencies in the like, middle-aged or elderly men, world Marxist movement. recording the progress of his fatal well-dressed, carefully barbered, The first sentence of the edi­ disease and his reaction to its ef­ Apart from the merits of the fat-cheeked, double and triple­ torial would seem to indicate a fects upon himself and those dear arguments on either side, the cur­ chinned, big-tummied, breezy, welcoming of the rupture of rela­ and near to him. rent controversy about the cen­ genial individuals, professional tions with Albania. But if this His comments are contained in soring of army officers’ speeches good fellows, salaries ranging from were not the meaning, it is a fact this small, posthumously published has shed some fresh light on the $7,500 to $20,000 a year ‘and ex­ th a t n ow here does the editorial w o rk , In the Midst of Life. T h is mentality of both the brass hats penses.’ Prosperity or depression, forthrightly condemn the diplo­ journal of a dying man is one and their censors. their salaries never stop. When matic break. of the most remarkable produc­ On Jan. 24 a Senate sub com m it­ they gather in hotel rooms during Albania’s primary “crime” v is - tions of recent years by an Amer­ tee probing the question released conventions, they talk of stocks, à -v is the Soviet leadership is not ican writer. There is no senti­ some passages from original bonds, bull and bear markets and its “Stalinist” or “savagely re­ mentality, no moaning or groan­ speeches by Lieut. Gen. Arthur G. short-selling. They compare notes pressive” government (there are ing in it. But there is uncommon Trudeau and the changes that on Chryslers and Buicks, and pri­ plenty of other “savagely repres­ honesty, clarity, wit and a steady were made. Here are a few sam­ vate schools for their children. sive” governments with whom dip­ beat of emotion appropriate to ples. Some are powerful in local and lomatic relations have never been his theme. state politics. They are solid cit­ severed); rather it is the fact that A work occupied with the pain­ ORIGINAL: Here is a demon­ izens, go-getters, full of upper- the Albanian party openly op­ ful and grim details of dying stration from our tropical testing class respectable pretensions and poses the Khrushchev theory of could hardly be expected to af­ to prepare us for the kind of ter­ ambitions . . . In the convention peaceful coexistence and has firm the joys of life and the worth rain we face in Laos — in Cen­ h a ll th e y a ll lo ok as im p o rta n t as aligned itself with the Chinese. of the human adventure. Yet that tral America — and in Cuba. they can, while listening to The real “exposure” and “de­ is the main impression of this speeches in favor of beer and CHANGE (by State Dept.): nunciation” of Stalinism in this book. The reader shares the against strikes.” Here is a demonstration from our situation requires the Soviet Un­ writer’s pride and exultation in From what I have read of AFL- tropical testing to prepare us for ion to maintain relations with conquering the doom pronounced CIO officials, it would seem that the kind of terrain we face in pos­ Eisenhower says don’t muzzle Albania, with the Albanian lead­ by nature by creating this monu­ they were about the same in all sible brush-fire areas of the generals. ership having the opportunity to ment to his experience. the essential respects as their pre­ w o rld . fully participate in all conferences Tom Bell was a materialist, an decessors. What labor needs is and congresses of the socialist atheist and a socialist. “It’s cer­ ORIGINAL: And fear stalks all ing this change, the State Dept, another Eugene Debs, but I guess countries and to freely present its tainly startling to reflect,” he p a rts of the w o rld as peoples commented: “The possibility of there isn’t any. point of view. wrote, “that during the late years everywhere dread the day of pos­ nuclear war by miscalculation is K.M.G. What is taking place instead is of the benighted nineteenth cen­ sibility when thermonuclear power a favorite theme of Russian an all-out effort to isolate Al­ tury a famous orator — how old- w ill by design or miscalculation ‘scare’ propaganda, often using Reuther on Drug Prices bania politically and economically fashioned radio and TV have made break loose and wreck havoc on statements by prominent Ameri­ Seattle, Wash. and to bring the Hoxha govern­ that title! — who was also a high- all nations. cans.” ) I see w here W a lte r R euther ment to its knees. This is per­ ranking member of the Republi­ made a statement to a Senate com­ fectly obvious as we witness the can party and a successful lawyer, CHANGE: And fear stalks all ORIGINAL: On such theories mittee Jan. 18 criticizing high diplomatic break by other East used to fill large halls with au­ parts of the world as peoples socialism survives. drug prices. To gel lower prices, European countries and the cessa­ diences that came to hear him, everywhere dread the day of pos­ he suggested “drastic action” to tion of economic aid. Did The that even paid to hear him, attack sibility when thermonuclear power CHANGE: The department sug­ bring about competition among M ilita n t forewarn of such de­ organized religion. It’s unbeliev­ could, by design of some foreign gested this be deleted, comment­ the drug monopolists. velopments and condemn the split­ able. Why if such a meeting were aggressor, break loose and wreck ing, “Some of our best friends How about some “drastic ac­ ting attack? It did not! held today — provided its sponsors havoc upon all nations. (In mak- are socialists.” tion” to lower medical costs by De-Stalinization — a process establishing socialized medicine in which all democratic socialists this country? Or is that too enthusiastically support — will radical for Brother Reuther? not be implemented by Stalinist It Was Reported in the Press m ethods. Union Member Jerry Gordon A Query on Natalia Trotsky [The editorial referred to ad­ U -2, Kennedy? — “The U.S. trespassing charges against 16 property rights away.” Such London, England dressed itself to one aspect of the swore off flying U-2’s over Rus­ demonstrators. “Instead of just rights, he added, are essential to T he Jan. 24 issue of the in ­ Kremlin’s break with Albania — sia; the official pledge still holds. talking, the sit-ins are doing the survival of capitalism and ternational edition of the N ew the charge that Albania had com­ But friendly foreign pilots visit something,” the judge declared, when you start taking them away Y o rk Tim es carried an obituary mitted the “crime” of circulating a U-2 base in Texas. Other crafts, “and I’m all for them. . . . It is “you are establishing a dangerous of Natalia Trotsky which included precedent.” its viewpoint within the Soviet less visible to radar, harder to a good mode of expression.” this equivocal paragraph: shoot down may be in the works.” Union. We denounced this “justi­ Don't Get Sick in Jail — U rg ­ Our Rational Society — “ B O ­ fication” for the attack on Albania “ In A p ril, 1957, M m e. T ro ts k y — T he Jan. 26 W a ll Street Jour­ ing a higher salary scale for the LOGNA, Italy, Jan. 17 (AP) — was admitted temporarily to the nal. as a form of thought-control com­ medical staff of the New York City City Registry officials of Castel Del pletely incompatible with the ris­ United States ‘for governmental Survive — Or Else! — R ecip­ prison system, Correction Com­ Rio said today that after a pro­ ing sentiment among the people of purposes.’ Washington reportedly ients of public welfare in British missioner Anna Kross said: “Ex­ longed argument they had talked the Soviet bloc for a return to felt that Trotsky’s widow could Columbia, Canada, have been told cept in rare cases the only phy­ a farmer out of naming his new­ the norms of Leninist democracy. supply United States intelligence to take a government “survival” sicians that can be hired at the born son Odiolaguerra. which Since the editorial did not deal with much background on Soviet course or be cut off welfare. A present rates are those too old for means I Hate War. The officials specifically with the issue of the and international communism.” letter to relief recipients said: active office practice, those with told him Italian law did not per­ diplomatic break as such, we can There was no further elabora­ “It will be necessary for you to unfortunate personalities and those mit giving children names that see th a t it could be subject to tion. apply for admittance to the civil physically or mentally handi­ were ‘ridiculous, irreverent or misinterpretation. On this ques­ Has this been noted in other defense course before any further capped.” immoral.’ ‘What’s ridiculous, ir­ tion, we agree with the general editions, and/or commented on? reverent or immoral about hating Subscriber assistance can be issued.” Good Citizenship Lesson — The viewpoint expressed by Jerry Gor­ war?’ the farmer asked before he Liberal Democrat at Work — Wellesley, Mass., High School Stu­ don in his letter.—E dito r.] [The same paragraph was in­ agreed reluctantly to call the boy dent Council voted 28-2 not to cluded in the New York edition Senator Wayne Morse, the widely A ngelo.” touted liberal Democrat from conduct an election of a student Triple-Chinned Bureaucrats o f the Tim es. For the actual facts Oregon, is one of four congress­ “good citizen” delegation to the Slightly Coercive Tactics — Glens Falls, N. Y. see George L a v a n ’s a rtic le on men who participated in the OAS state convention of the Daughters “The National Labor Relations In the Dec. 25 M ilita n t, M r. Natalia Trotsky in this issue.— meeting at Punta del Este. On of the American Revolution. A Board ordered the Cone Brothers Dobbs says in his review of Mr. E d i t o r .] Jan. 25 Morse boycotted an of­ student council resolution charged Construction Co. of Tampa, Fla., ficial reception by the Brazilian the DAR with racial bias and yesterday to quit threatening to delegation. Brazil has refused to described the organization as “a shoot down employes ‘like a Thought for the Week bow to the U.S. demand for an narrow-minded group” that “did covey of birds.’ The board held all-out attack on Cuba. not support the ideals of the stu­ such threats had been made dur­ “Our government concerned as always with the welfare of its be­ dents.” in g a 1960 union org anizing loved subjects has . . . issued a 46-page pamphlet titled Fallout Pro­ Chicago Sit-Ins — Chicago po­ drive.” — From a Jan. 12 Asso­ lice have been arresting NAACP- Champion of ‘American Way’ — tection: What to Know and Do About Nuclear Attack. . . . Nothing, I ciated Press rep ort. led demonstrators who sat-in at Maryland Senator Frederick Mal- should think, more markedly exposes the irresponsibility, the indif­ Burnside School in protest against kus says he w ill oppose a bill in Fact of the Week — “. . . the ference, and the duplicity of the Government’s civil-defense program the state legislature that would number of people looking for the transfer of Negro students than this pamphlet. . . . It is a contemptible public relations hoax. from the school, which is inte­ bar discrimination in public work . . . is bound to affect the It is designed to make you think you have a chance when in fact you grated, to another school that is places. “ It’s not a question of race terms on which people go to largely Negro. On Jan. 17, City or integration,” Malkus said, “ but work.” — George Shea in the have none.”— Science w riter James R. Newman in a letter to the Wash­ Judge Joseph J. Butler dismissed a question of taking a man’s W all Street Journal. ington Post.