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Vol. 27 - No. 13 Monday, April 1, 1963 Price 10c ltlllHIUIIi::illlllli>Mllllll1llllllill|lllllll

;jiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMijtimmimiiimimiimiiiiiiumiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiimiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimmiimiiiiiittimutimM(iiiiiiiiSoviet Union in face of the Nazi were tried in secret court martial, since posthumously “rehabilitat­ terms. The local’s entire member­ political opponents in the mass threat were in the Kremlin. summarily declared guilty, and ed” Tukachevsky and the other ship, however, is eligible to vote purges of 1936-38 is being torn to The Soviet press recently has shot. Another general, Yan Ga- top m ilitary men, presumably upon — including some 6,000 who work pieces by his successors. also given the first official hints marnik, the army political chief, the demand of the present Soviet in job shops. A t the previous meet­ that not only the trial of the Red On March 23 the Soviet press committed suicide to cheat the fir­ ing, most of the job-shoppers generals. Some of these had them­ Army leaders but all the trials con­ revealed that Stalin personally ing squad. withheld their votes. This time selves been imprisoned by Stalin, ducted by prosecutor Vishinsky ordered the execution of the Red Digging into hitherto secret ar­ enough of them were persuaded like Marshals Rokosovsky and at Stalin’s bidding were frameups. Army’s high command and their chives, the author of the Ogonek to vote for the contract to out­ Bagramyan. But this is the first From 1936 to 1938 three major families on the basis of a Nazi article, a veteran novelist Lev Ni­ Soviet confirmation of longstand­ number the strikers. trials were staged in Moscow: the trick. kulin, found that Stalin had in­ This was accomplished by un­ ing reports that the Red Army trial of the 16, including Zinoviev According to an article in the structed the special court, made precedented interference in the general staff had been decimated and Kamenev, in 1936; the tria l weekly Ogonek, Hitler, taking ad­ up of the country’s most prominent union’s internal affairs by gov­ on trumped-up charges. Trotsky, of the 17 in 1937; and the tria l of vantage of the vast scope of Stal­ ernment officials. Mayor Robert generals and marshals, to pron­ the creator of the Red Army, had the 21 headed by Bukharin and in’s blood-purges, decided to create F. Wagner publicly arranged for ounce the death sentence. Later he proclaimed this to the world at Rykov in 1938. The defendants further havoc in the Soviet de­ had six of these nine military the meeting to be held in Madi­ the time of their execution. confessed under pressure to fense establishment. The Gestapo, son Square Garden because the judges shot. The gruesome irony of all this charges of conspiring with Trot­ acting on his instructions, planted According to Nikulin, Stalin regular hall was too crowded. He is that Tukhachevsky and his fel­ sky to commit monstrous crimes a forged intelligence report which also arranged for the use of the also demanded “ the physical elim­ low commanders, along with other of treason and sabotage in behalf was transmitted by President city’s voting machines. At the ination” of Tukhachevsky’s moth­ victims of the Moscow Trials, of Hitler and the Mikado. Benes of Czechoslovakia to Mos­ meeting, plainclothes police and er, sister and two brothers. His were accused by Stalin of acting An article in the Soviet publica­ cow. This purported to show that Garden guards, not ITU members, wife, three other sisters and as “agents of Hitlerite fascism” tion Izvestia does not go so fa r the Red Army chiefs were plotting were charged with checking union daughter were given long terms in It is now verified that Stalin him­ as to exculpate the victims. It ap­ books and keeping order. As one to overthrow Stalin. concentration camps where they self was the tool of the Gestapo proaches this super-sensitive mat- printer put it: “It was Wagner’s Stalin utilized this provocation presumably died. in carrying out Hitler’s scheme of (Continued on Page 4) Page Two THE MILITANT Monday, April 1, 1963

| The UPI Twists a Story £ = What Claude Julien Really Wrote in Le Monde on Castro By George Lavan fully thought out — the questions the Soviet people, expresses his want to put the missiles in Cuba But the big parties that call them­ On March 22 and 23 Le Monde, often being submitted in advance gratitude for the help which they when he pulled them out so fast selves revolutionary didn’t budge. and the answers written — and are giving Cuba and affirms that the most respected daily news­ in the face of the American threat since strong personal statements These aren’t revolutionists — paper in France, published two he is and will remain a Marxist- which he must have foreseen? by one chief of state against an­ they’re bureaucrats. They’re satel­ articles by Claude Julien, its as­ Leninist.” “That is a mystery. Perhaps the other, especially when their coun- Here is the section containing lites. Everytime that Moscow sistant foreign editor, describing historians will be able to clarify seven consecutive hours he had the now celebrated phrase: “By it in 20 or 30 years. I don’t makes a decision, no matter what spent in the company of Cuban yielding to imperialism,” Castro know . . .” it is, the satellites throughout the added, “you encourage it to act Premier Fidel Castro and directly The discussion turned to the world applaud . . . Khrushchev more aggressively. Certain persons quoting much of the conversation anti-Cuban campaign in the U.S. withdraws his missiles from Cuba here pressed me to accept the on­ that had taken place. and w hether Kennedy could be without consulting us and all the site inspection that Kennedy was re-elected in 1964 if he had not satellites shout, ‘Khrushchev has Julien, an expert on Cuba, re­ demanding. But why should we satisfied an inflamed public opin­ served the cause of peace well.’ cently published a book on the submit to control by Americans? Cuban Revolution. That book, his ion which demanded the elimina­ And when Khrushchev, at Mos­ We are the sole judges of what cow’s Manège [an exhibition hall], articles over the past years in tion of “Fidelismo.” arms we should have to assure our criticizes abstract painting, the various newspapers and maga­ “We expect to be attacked,” own defense. I told that to Miko- satellites here ask me to prohibit zines and his lectures have gained said Castro, “ but you have seen yan when Khrushchev sent him to abstract painting. And I tell them him a reputation as one of our militias, the armed people, me. I already knew Mikoyan, he’s that our enemies are capitalism France’s leading defenders of our military equipment. As long likeable. Had Khrushchev come and imperialism, not abstract Cuba. as Kennedy doesn’t employ weap­ himself,” he added laughingly, “ I painters . . .” His two recent articles in Le would have punched him . . .” ons capable of destroying the The conversation takes place in Monde are remarkable not only (UPI translated it “boxed his country, the struggle w ill be very the home of a friend who occupies for the picture they give of Castro ears” ) . long. There will doubtlessly be an eminent position in the rev­ conversing the whole night through Here are other statements about many dead here, but also many olutionary structure, an old com­ with friends but because facts the missile crisis made by Castro on the other side. War in our rade-in-arms of Mr. Fidel Castro, about the October missile crisis, to Julien: mountains will go on for years. one of the most important figures hitherto unknown to the public, “We could not agree with We are ready to die in defense of are there revealed for the first our revolution. And the whole of in the “26th of July Movement.” Khrushchev,” Castro said, “ he He would not be there, smiling time. should not have withdrawn his Latin America will be prey to a But even before Le Monde could Fidel Castro violent crisis against which im­ and relaxed, if Anibal Escalante missiles witnout consulting us. and his accomplices had succeeded print the* second article, the U.S. Cuba does not wish to be a pawn perialism, despite all its power, press, blinded with anti-Cuban w ill be able to do nothing.” in seizing power. He points to non- tries are allies, can have serious on the international chessboard. representational pictures hanging and anti-Soviet bias and always Can the Cubans count upon diplomatic repercussions, it was Cuban sovereignty is a reality, on his walls, particularly a tor­ ready to sacrifice accuracy to sen­ help from the outside? appropriate that the Cuban gov­ that is what we fought for. I can­ mented canvas by. Wilfredo Lam, sationalism, had created an inter­ “Probably. But we are counting ernment issued the following not agree with Khrushchev’s and says quietly: national scandal with its report statement: promising Kennedy to withdraw in the first place on ourselves. of Julien’s first article. “Fidel, if you want to prohibit “The Prime Minister of the Rev­ the missiles without the slightest We made our revolution ourselves Here was how the United Press regard for the indispensability of and we must defend it ourselves.” them, you w ill have to come and International dispatch began: olutionary Government, Coman­ take them off the walls your­ dante Fidel Castro, on being inter­ agreement by the Cuban govern­ And the Chinese? “ Cuban Premier Castro said in an ment. Of course, it was a matter “The Chinese are right when self ...” interview published here Thurs­ viewed by a reporter of Prensa Latina, made the following state­ of Soviet missiles which did not they say you shouldn’t give way “We fought to gain liberty, and day that if Soviet Premier Nikita come under our direct control. But before imperialism. But we here even if I am alone I shall fight Khrushchev had come to Cuba ments: “ ‘A Paris newspaper, according it was on Cuban territory and are well located to know that im­ for liberty,” answers Castro . . . after his missile withdrawal last nothing should have been decided perialism isn’t a paper tiger.” “It is by guerrilla warfare that fall, ‘I should have boxed his to a cable of the Northamerican agency UPI, today published the without consulting us. We are not Julien mentions that when we took power. Do you know any ears.’ ” a satellite. Obviously the USSR Mikoyan came to Havana last Oc­ country that had a peaceful rev­ UPI simply ignored the fact that version of a supposed interview granted by me to a correspondent has world responsibilities which tober, he had to wait eight days olution and transition to social­ Le Monde and Julien had care­ we do not. Khrushchev wants before he was received by Castro. ism? I don’t say that it is impos­ fully refrained from labelling the of Le Monde. I wish to deny cate­ gorically the tenor of said sup­ peace, and we, too, w ant peace. “What support did we receive sible; otherwise I would be the articles an interview but had de­ Well, he has avoided war but he during the October blockade when dogmatist that I accuse others of scribed them as an account of posed interview. I did not grant any news interview to any cor­ has not w on peace. No one has we were at the brink of a major being. But it is by armed strug­ seven hours spent with Castro in the right to dispose of Cuban conflict?” Castro asked. “Where gle that we became a socialist an exceptionally long, informal respondent of Le Monde. “ ‘On the occasion of a personal sovereignty. That is why we pro­ were large mass demonstrations country. And I say that there exist conversation at various times dur­ posed a five-point program, which called on our behalf? What did in Latin America revolutionary ing which other people present visit to the home of the editor of alone can guarantee peace in the the ‘revolutionists’ of Europe and situations that the bureaucratic joined in. But XJPI’s worst act of the newspaper Revolución at the end of January, I met several per­ Caribbean . . .” of La tin Am erica do? O nly the parties do not know how to ex­ yellow journalism was to tear Venezuelans reacted at that time. p lo it.” from context a phrase spoken by sons visitin g the same place, among them the journalist Claude Public Sentiment Castro in jest and present it as a seriously meant statement. Julien. There I conversed in an Julien asked whether in publicly informal manner on a number of expressing his disagreement with On the basis of this crude dis­ topics. It is absolutely false that Moscow, he didn’t fear to weaken Hoffa at Mine-Mill Convention tortion, U.S. papers carried such in any instance I have expressed the position of the socialist camp. sensational headlines above the myself in an unfriendly manner “Before making a decision,” UPI dispatch as “Nikita Deserves Urges Labor March on Capital toward Prime Minister Nikita Castro replied, “ I sounded out the ‘Ear Boxing,’ Castro Asserts” Khrushchev. people’s reactions, I went to the (Philadelphia Inquirer); “ ‘Would DENVER, Colo. — A standing of labor’s interests. He pointed out “ ‘Perhaps this casual encounter university and walked in the Have Boxed K’s Ears,’ Castro ovation was given James R. Hoffa that House Resolution 247 would, with the journalist has served as street in order to ask the students Says” (Washington Post); “ Castro when he called for labor unity if passed, enable radio and T V a pretext for the elaboration of and passers-by their opinions. I and a march on Washington be­ stations to refuse to grant equal Tells Paper of Impulse to Box this intrigue on the part of reac­ found a unanimous feeling: it was Khrushchev’s Ears” (West Coast fore the 250 delegates attending time to all candidates in an elec­ tionary and pro-imperialist ele­ necessary to keep the missiles, the opening session of the 70th tion. edition of the New York. Times). ments interested in damaging the not to give in to threats and some Since interviews granted by Anniversary Convention of the Opposed to the massive anti­ indestructible friendship which even wanted, if necessary, to pre­ International Union of Mine, M ill heads of states are usually care- labor forces within and without exists and w ill always exist be­ vent by force the withdrawal of and Smelter Workers which con­ government, said Hoffa, are such tween Cuba and the Soviet Union. the missiles. Kennedy was engaged vened here March 18. unions as Mine-Mill, the Interna­ I don’t believe that the journalist in blackmail to which it wasn’t Hoffa warned the convention tional Longshoremen and Ware­ Julien, whom we consider a friend necessary to give in, and he that “we are living in a police housemen’s Union, United Elec­ Weekly Calendar of Cuba, could express falsehoods would have retreated had he run state.” He cited as evidence of trical Workers, Teamsters, and such as some of the assertions into a firm attitude. The Cuban his charge the new anti-labor leg­ certain other independent unions. w hich the UPI attributes to him. people were very hostile to islation pending in Congress and “On these unions rests the hope LOS ANGELES Khrushchev’s decision. Its fury the creation within the office of of the American labor movement,” “ Respect and Friendship” CUBA — 1963. A talk with slides was quite natural, and I under­ United States Attorney-General he concluded. It was then that he by V. T. Lee, nat'l dire ctor, Fair Play “ ‘I wish to take advantage of stood that I would appease the Robert Kennedy of an extensive made his plea for labor to make •for Cuba Committee, who visited Cuba this occasion to reiterate once popular anger by publicly express­ organization devoted exclusively its presence felt directly in Wash­ this year. Stephen H. Fritchman, chair­ ing what everybody was thinking. man. Fri., April 5, 8 p.m. Channing again the profound respect and to the continued harassment of ington, with union members com­ Hall. 2936 W . 8th St. Contrib. $1 (stu­ friendship which all the Cuban I said that we would settle our labor. ing from all over America “six to dents, 50c). Ausp. FPCC. revolutionists feel toward the difference with Moscow through Hoffa reserved his strongest a car.” • Soviet Union, toward its Commu­ govemment-to-government and opinions for the Feb. 23 decision If nothing is done to prevent nist Party, and toward its leader, party-to-party discussions. For we of the Labor Relations Board in­ the continued harassment of un­ NEW YORK Nikita Khrushchev.’ ” are and shall remain Marxist- terpreting the Landrum-Griffin ions, Hoffa declared, American RUSS N IX O N , General Manager, The Along with the second instal­ Leninists . . .” Act as it applied to picket lines. labor would one day face the sit­ National Guardian, speaks on The Ken­ ment the next day (March 23) Le “Among ourselves we . had “Under this unanimous ruling,” uation of the French workers to­ nedy Administration and the 88th Con­ Monde carried a box explaining thought of the possibility of ask­ said Mr. Hoffa, “it would be il­ gress. Fri., April 5, 8:30 p.m. 116 Uni­ day, where 300,000 have been versity Place, Contrib. $1 (students, the serious distortion which U.S. ing the USSR to supply us with legal for us to honor any picket forced to the most extreme forms 50c). Ausp. Militant Labor Forum. papers had made of Julien’s first some missiles. But we had not ar­ line except those set up against of demonstrations in order to pro­ * * * article: “ In suppressing the phrase rived at any decision when Mos­ our own employers; would make test arbitrary government control Herman Benson, of Union Democracy ‘he added laughingly,’ these news­ cow proposed it to us. They ex­ illegal any picket line not voted of their livelihoods and the well­ in Action, and William Worthy, A fro- papers have taken seriously a sim­ plained that in accepting them we by the majority of all workers in­ being of their families. American correspondent, discuss Decline ple jest . . . Moreover, the version w ould be strengthening the so­ volved in a struck plant; and for­ In introducing Hoffa, President of Labor's Power in the Fifties. Part of released in Spain by the United cialist camp on a world scale. And, forum series on Labor as a Force for bid a long list of picket lines set John Clark of M ine-M ill expressed Progress. Tues., April 2, 8:30 p.m. Cen­ Press speaks merely of the ‘slap’ because we get important aid up fo r other causes, such as scab the union’s profound thanks for tral Plaza Annex, 40 East 7th St. Ausp. that Mr. Castro would have want­ from the socialist camp we felt products, which have been recog­ the moral and financial assistance Labor Action for Peace. CO 7-4882. ed to give Mr. Khrushchev . . . we could not refuse. That is why nized as legitimate by the courts of the Teamsters during the 1959 • “This change of the text and its we accepted them. It was not to up till this time.” copper strike. At the conclusion meaning are all the less permis­ assure our own defense, but pri­ Other reasons given for the of the hour-long address, the con­ SAN FRANCISCO sible in that the agency and the marily to strengthen socialism on present condition of organized la­ vention w ent on record as un­ The Offensive Against Labor. Speak­ American newspapers made no the international scale. That is the bor, Hoffa pointed out, are the do- animously calling for an end to er, Paul Montauk, candidate for Oak­ mention of the passage in w hich truth even though other explana­ nothing policies of the AFL-CIO the government’s persecution and land City Council, Fri., April 12, 8 p.m. 1488 Fulton St. Ausp. Militant Labor Mr. Fidel Castro tells of his ad­ tions are given elsewhere.” and the continued suppression of harassment of the general presi­ Forum. miration for Mr. Khrushchev and B u t w hy then di,d Khrushchev freedom of speech on the subject dent of the Teamster’s Union. Monday, April 1, 1963______THE MILITANT ______Page Three

PRELUDE TO A REIGN OF TERROR Why Coup in Iraq Succeeded

By A. Said to intensify its support of Kassem, destroyed. The agents of imperial­ For anyone who has carefully helped to suppress the partisans ism, who had been imprisoned by followed political developments in of unity with the UAR, elevated the people’s courts were released. the Arab world, the Feb. 8 events Kassem to the level of a national Under pressure from the feudal in Iraq were not in the least sur­ hero, and gave him the title of landlords, the administration prising. Political observers fore­ “the only leader of the Iraqi peo­ abandoned continuation of the saw an overturn. Everyone sensed ple.” And when the pro-Nasser agrarian reform. In the factories, the weakness of the tottering Kas- uprising of Abdul Wahab Shawaf the union activists were removed sem regime — which had lost the broke out on March 8, 1959, it was from the management. support of the masses a year after the Stalinists above all who helped However, all of this did not suf­ the Revolution of July 14, 1958. Kassem and mobilized the masses fice to win for Kassem’s regime The Revolution of July 14, to liquidate the insurgents and the the trust or the confidence of the 1958 was a completely popular up­ Ba’athists. reactionaries. It gave up the sup­ rising based on all the anti-im­ After the liquidation of Shawaf’s port of the left, but it did not win perialist forces and all the anti- insurgents, the CP — which was the support of the right. feudal forces. These forces were the only organized force in Iraqi This Bonapartist police regime divided into the workers, peasants, politics — did not launch the fight also alienated itself on the ques­ intellectuals, petty bourgeoisie and for the seizure of power but con­ tion of the national rights of the the national bourgeoisie. There tented itself with a demand for a Kurdish people. It adopted a policy was universal support for the rev­ share in the government. Even this of discriminating against the olution. demand was soon put aside by the Kurds in all its activities: in its At the beginning of its course, Soviet bureaucracy, which reg­ program of industrialization, in the Kassem regime undertook to arded it as a “left” turn. the admission of Kurdish youth to carry out basic social changes, the In their fight against Nasser and the high schools, in the building most important element of which the Nasserists, the Stalinists in of medical and cultural institu­ was agrarian reform. In order to Iraq — and in all the Arab coun­ tions, and in the allocation of keep the support of the masses of tries — were the most important scholarships. Because of such dis­ WOMEN’S BATTALION. In first year of Iraq’s revolution these the people, the new government and most effective opponents of crimination, the Kurdish uprising Popular Resistance Forces — the common people and intellectuals had to give them broad demo­ Arab unity. Instead of fighting broke out. in arms — saved regime of Premier Kassem from 1959 counter­ cratic reforms. against the undemocratic methods The Kassem regime was now revolution attempted by pro-Nasser army officers and reaction­ The workers and peasants began of achieving unity used by Nasser completely isolated. It no longer aries. But Kassem stifled and witch-hunted these and other or­ to organize themselves and to and exposing his great crimes to had a mass base. No p o litica l pow­ ganizations of workers and peasants. When pro-Nasser officers struggle* for their demands. They the masses (to whom the Nasser er nor social class supported it. Now and reactionaries staged a coup last February, Kassem paid with even united with the intellectuals method appears to be the only pos­ it depended solely on the police his life. — journalists, writers, lawyers sible road to unity), they opposed and the army. Here, however, as and students, etc. Out of this unity itself. in all the Arab countries, the army letarian revolution on the way to developed an armed people’s m il­ They justified this with the stu­ is an uncertain factor, and thus of the dead Nuri es-Said [the pro­ socialism. imperialist premier overthrown in itia supporting the interests of the pid argument about the differ­ there was a big question mark The two essential slogans, which the 1958 Revolution], etc. The broad masses. ences of development in the written over the fate of the Kas­ are m obilizing the masses in the only interests which unite them A ll of these orzanizations were emerging Arab nations — as if sem regime. Its days were num­ Arab countries, are: national unity are smashing the power of the under the leadership of the Com­ national unity presupposes iden­ bered. and socialism. The national bour­ workers and liquidating the m unist P arty of Iraq. The masses tical development among the peo­ The Iraqi CP learned nothing geoisie under the leadership of CP. Outside of that they are di­ controlled the city streets and the ples. More than that: they began from any of this. It stuck to the Nasser rides today on both these countryside. A state of dual power to spread the theory of the “Arab Khrushchev line, the line of the vided and cannot bid for mass slogans. The Stalinists oppose one support. Their rule thus is shaky existed. Nevertheless, the Com­ peoples” instead of one Arab peo­ People’s Front, of co-operation as well as the other and thereby munist Party remained true to its ple. In this way they lost their with the bourgeoisie, of maintain­ and does not have the appearance lose contact w ith the masses and of being able to last. The battle- policy of the National Front and influence among the greater part ing the status quo of the capitalist leave the field to the Nasserists tested Ira q i masses w ill scarcely co-operation with the bourgeoisie. o f the masses, to whom the slogan regime, of postponing the prole­ who are winning mass support. let them live a long life. But these It never entered its mind to direct of unification is one of the most tarian revolution and deferring All the anti-Communist ele­ masses feel the need of a suitable the struggle of the workers and important in the struggle. socialism to the distant future. ments stood behind the last over­ leadership. other popular masses toward the After having destroyed the Nas­ Instead of m obilizing the masses turn in Iraq — Nasserists, Ba’ W ill the CP, other than which conquest of power. serists and the Ba’athists, Kassem by means of class struggle to win athists, agents of British and no leadership exists in Iraq, be However, this “People’s Front,” turned on the Communists. And the hegemony of the proletariat in American imperialism, supporters able to learn from this? which was dearer to the Stalinists when they showed the first signs the national liberation movement, than th e ir own eyes, did not last of weakness, he threw his support the Communists demanded a “re­ long. The first rift occurred over to the anti-Communist camp of turn to the path of July 14, 1958” the question of national unity. the right. and the “democratic-parliament­ The Ba’athists [members of the The Counter-revolution had be­ ... New York Printers'Strike ary Republic.” They fooled them­ Socialist Party of Arab Renais­ gun. selves and tried to convince the (Continued from Page 1) Wagner. The result could only sance, a petty-bourgeois national­ Communists and other leftists masses “ that the objective condi­ “Boulwareism,” whereby the have been more favorable terms ist party] and Nasserists, under were arrested and persecuted; the tions were not ready for the re­ Publishers Association first signed for the printers. the leadership of Abdel Salam left press was outlawed; the peo­ placement of the Kassem regime with a weak union and then im­ The ITU struck four New York Aref — then vice premier — de­ ple’s militia was disarmed; the with a people’s democratic re­ posed that settlement on all other City dailies Dec. 8. These were: manded immediate unity with the reactionary, paralyzing leader­ gime,” and loudly gave adherence crafts, has been broken. The new The Times, Daily News, the United Arab Republic (Egypt and ships were imposed upon the to the Khrushchev line of “peace­ contract provides a common ex­ Scripps-Howard World Telegram Syria). Kassem, the Stalinists and trade unions and the organizations ful co-existence” — that if they piration date for all crafts and & Sun, and the Hearst Jo u m a l- part of the bourgeoisie put up a of peasants, youth, students, wom­ took an independent position it the IT U now sets the pattern. Am erican. Five other dailies fierce resistance against this. en and intellectuals. Every Com­ would work to the advantage of For another, the ITU has forged locked out their workers in a Pub­ From this point on the CP began munist source of influence was the imperialists outside and the unity in a strike supported by all lishers Association conspiracy to reactionary forces inside. the crafts. This unity broke the beat the union. These were the Instead of raising the slogans of common front of the publishers Herald-Tribune, Mirror, Post, self-determination for the Kurds despite anti-union pressure and Long Island Star-Joumal and the Iraqi Students Here Protest Coup and national unity for the Arabs, interference from powerful forces New York City edition of the they asked for autonomy for the including Judge Medina, Pierre Long Island Press. Three weeks Iraqi students in the United States are protesting the bloody Kurds within the framework of Salinger, Mayor Wagner, Gov. ago the Post resumed publication. repressions being carried on by the Aref regime in Iraq which re­ the Iraqi Republic. Indeed they Rockefeller and President Ken­ There is some bitterness and cently overthrew the government of Premier Kassem in a military conceded that “ autonomy and not nedy. Third, the principle of bar­ some disunity as the strike ends. the right of self-determination of gaining over automation has been coup d’etat. The latter is exemplified by one The following statement, entitled “The Tragedy in Iraq,” was the Kurdish nation, including the established. Most important, the leaflet accusing those who loudly issued by the Iraqi Students’ Society in California. construction of an independent publishers now have to accept Big state in all of Kurdistan can take expressed opposition to the con­ “On Feb. 8, 1963, a group of military men and retired officers 6 as a fighting union with a m ili­ tract at the March 17 meeting of place,” but they explained that tant rank and file in the news­ together with some civilians overthrew the existing government in “hoodlumism” and being “the this was a goal for the distant paper composing rooms. Iraq. They have established a dictatorship headed by the dictator enemy within.” But the ranks have future. Aref. From the onset the new regime began an all-out campaign to not been buffaloed, and the print­ They had learned nothing from Brown’s Role eliminate all resistance. Claiming that their aim was the elimination ers go back with a stronger union the Chinese Communists’ experi­ These are matters of principle of communism, they have in fact tried to wipe out all forms of than before the strike. opposition. ence with Chiang Kai-shek and the which are important for making “To carry out their w ill. the group has established what they defeat of the Chinese Revolution gains in terms of shorter hours, call the ‘National Guard.’ Consisting in the main of high-school in 1927. In spite of all their ex­ longer vacations, and other solid teen-agers armed with automatic weapons, the ‘Guard’ is authorized perience since then they have not job-security gains. But the mat­ to ‘keep order’ in Iraq. learned that the national bourgeo­ ters of principle are not bread- “In the name of Arab Nationalism this group has slaughtered isies of the underdeveloped coun­ and-butter gains in themselves. many of the country’s intellectuals, university professors and lib­ tries in this epoch are incapable The strikers feel cheated precisely erals. The situation has taken on the proportions of a massacre. A of even bringing the bourgeois because they feel that since they wave of terror has struck the country. In Baghdad alone the num­ revolution to completion, and that were strong enough to break the ber of people killed has surpassed the 1,000 mark, as of Feb. 14, 1963. revolutions in these countries can­ publishers’ front on principle, they “We most strongly protest the savage, inhuman methods prac­ not be stopped half way on the could have got some solid material ticed by those whose alleged aims are ‘unity, freedom and socialism.’ road to completion. gains as well. And they are right. Unity cannot be achieved by a blood bath. Freedom can never exist There can be no “national dem­ If ITU president Elmer Brown under despotism. Socialism cannot exist along with feudalism and ocratic revolution” as they would had been more sensitive to his own imperialism. have it. A revolution that does not rank and file and less subject to “In the name of human rights and dignity, the Iraqi students become a socialist revolution must pressure from the strikebreaking in California appeal to you to protest this bloodthirsty regime, which degenerate and end in a counter­ Kennedy administration, he’d operates by committing such atrocities.” revolutionary putsch. have refused to breach the ITU’s The Iraqi Students’ Society in California is also circulating a The completion of the bourgeois traditional opposition to third- similar protest and appeal issued by the Iraqi Students’ Society in democratic revolution -— including party-recommended settlements. the United Kingdom. It urges all those who support the aspirations the unification of the Arab coun­ In that case the publishers — of the Iraqi people for democracy and liberty and who believe in tries — which is the task facing whose front was shattered on the elementary human rights and dignity to send protests to: The Prime the Arab people today, cannot be eve of the lucrative pre-Easter Minister, Baghdad, Republic of Iraq, with copies going to the United achieved under the leadership of advertising season — w ould have Nations, Committee for Human Rights. the national bourgeoisie. That can had to make their own settlement be accomplished ohly by the pro­ without help from Kennedy and Elmer Brown Page Four THE MILITANT Monday, April 1, 1963

LONDON LETTER THE MILITANT Tory Woes: Fall of Pound; Rise of Labor , Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN Managing Editor: GEORGE LAV AN Business Manager: KAKOLYN KERRY LONDON — Seen from this troops on the borders of the Soviet Published weekly, except from July 11 to Sept. 5 when published bi-weekly, tarnished, former capital of world bloc is hardly a brilliant solution, by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., 116 University PI., New York 3, N.Y. Phone capitalism, three things stand out nor any more satisfactory than CH 3-2140. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscription: $3 a year; the assurances that Washington in a week of crowded events. Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily w ill not make a deal at European represent The M ilitant’s views. These are expressed in editorials. 1) The pound sterling’s tem ­ capitalism’s expense. porary slide — narrowly averting Lord Home, the British Foreign Vol. 27 - No. 13 ffjr» m Monday, April 1, 1963 rockfall proportions — is signifi­ Secretary, apparently assuming cant m ainly fo r the lig h t it casts that the common slight from on the long-term decline of the across the Atlantic should make the French at least somewhat less Washington Warns Brazil British economy and, beyond that, hostile — if not sympathetic now Freedom of speech and assembly is under attack in Brazil. its vortex-like effect on the whole to their cross-channel bed-fellows Pressure from the U.S. has led the governor of one of the states economic structure of the “free — went to Paris the other day to in Brazil to outlaw the planned meeting of the Brazilian section w o rld .” see if he could not resume some of the Cuban Solidarity Congress in Rio de Janeiro. The major 2) Another cold-shower treat­ sort of common talk, if not a international section of the congress is scheduled to take place ment was administered by Dean Common Market. But his French in Sao Paulo, where it appears that there will be no government Acheson, Wall Street-Washington’s opposite number would not bite interference. unfettered, unofficial spokesman at the luncheon offered by Mac­ It is no accident that this action came after an intense press to rouse another of the European m illa n ’s foreign m inister. He does partners to the realities of the not like Trojan-Horse meat, no campaign in the U.S. fueled by statements from Congress, the “free world” strategy, worked out matter how piquant the sauce, it State Department, and U.S. Ambassador Gordon, to the effect by the Pentagon generals and their seems. that “communists” had heavily infiltrated the Brazilian govern­ commanding officers in the sky­ General de Gaulle’s cabinet is ment. scrapers of downtown Manhattan. occupied, besides, by more serious The declaration of Gov. Carlos Lacerda of Guanabara State, On the receiving end this time matters. The miners, defying his in which Rio de Janeiro lies, that he would jail attempted partic­ was General de Gaulle’s France. requisition orders, have been out But it produced an equally sober ipants in the Cuban Solidarity Congress, came in direct response DE GAULLE. To striking on strike for more than two weeks reaction in the ruling circles here to the U.S. press outcry about “Communist influence” in Brazil. French miners he’s “Big and now are joined by railway- Since Washington officials launched and fed this press campaign, who had been the first to under­ men, post office workers, etc. go Acheson’s shock treatment. C harlie.” F or more on that see it constitutes a case of unabashed interference in Brazil’s domestic “Money, Chariot,” they shout dis­ 3) The continued and growing page 1 story from Paris. politics. * respectfully at the grandiose fig­ volume of grumbling and thump­ ure who has seemingly subdued all Even more important than the attempt to suppress the con­ ing by the British working class whole capitalist market is con­ other social forces in France, in­ gress are two threats to Brazil implicit in the whole campaign. was last week augmented by the cerned, this is no more than stick­ cluding the obstreperous army. One is a threat to President Goulart to stop equivocating on French in a typical Gallic display ing in a finger to plug a leaky The British workers — holding of fireworks around their miners’ dike. Cuba and toe the Kennedy line or face reduction or complete the Ford Motor company at bay, cessation of U.S. aid at a time when Brazil is in deep economic strike which is spreading to other The shaky economic position of forcing the huge Dunlop concern trouble. industries. The rest of West Eu­ the capitalist West makes it all to take back two fired shop ropean labor seems to have been The second, and even more sinister, threat implicit in the the more frantically urgent to stewards, with the teachers m ili- drawn into expressions of solidar­ sudden and savage U.S. press campaign against the Goulart overcome the disorder in its tantly preparing for strike along ity. Even the long unheard-from administration is that Washington is weighing the desirability of NATO alliance, which is on the with busmen, with the miners and Soviet proletariat appears to have point of disruption. Hence Dean the end of civilian government in Brazil and its replacement by raihvaymen approaching struggle found its voice in this concord of Acheson’s vitriolic, if point­ — understand their French broth­ a military dictatorship like those in Argentina and Peru. struggle. ed, homilies delivered on either ers very well. They see that de Of these three developments the coast of the U.S.A. but shafted Gaulle, like their own Macmil­ last seems by fa r the most preg­ across the Atlantic. The latest one lan, is “a proper Charlie,” as their Wasn't Rhee Enough? nant and portentous in its im­ rakes none other than the for­ slang goes. The feet of clay are plications. Three years ago student demonstrators brought down U.S. midable General de Gaulle over showing on all the ruling idols. The fall in the pound sterling the coals, if an embarrassing al­ puppet Syngman Rhee’s dictatorship in South Korea. Now, pop­ There is an inspiring report was precipitated by the build-up lusion is permissible. ular demonstrations are shaking the U.S.-backed military dicta­ of bad omens not only within the from the other side of Europe. Acheson simply reminds the Dispatches in the Guardian here, torship of General Park Chung-hee. strictly British economy but in the French rulers, like the British, some quoting British United Press, The present ruling military junta came to power in a coup entire Commonwealth economy that without the American prop make it clear that Soviet dockers in 1961. Since that time a reign of police terror has kept down which comes within the “sterling (military, certainly, and economic in Baltic ports refused to load protests until the last few weeks when mass demonstrations area.” These omens were: falling to the degree that both are in the coal on ships bound for strike­ prices for primary products in the same fix and cannot know where against the regime occurred in Seoul, Pusan, and at least three bound France, bringing in turn other cities. Police broke up these demonstrations and arrested Far East, the uncertainty of Near the avalanche might start) there East oil values partly due to polit­ from the Kremlin a ban on all hundreds. is nothing that can really hold ical unrest there and to Soviet- such shipments. The United States, under the cloak of the United Nations, them up in the showdown. bloc competition, the precarious “ So fa r so good,” says the March From this vantage point it looks kept the hated Rhee in power during and after the Korean civil mineral position in the Congo, 14 London Times. “ The case fo r as if the whole gigantic labor War. Washington has pumped over five million dollars in military South Africa and throughout the the Atlantic Community and movement of the West, particular­ and economic aid into building up the huge military machine in African continent — on top of the against a Gaullist Europe is over­ ly Western Europe in its decisive South Korea. The Rhee regime owed its existence to U.S. mili­ difficulties with steel and proper­ whelming.” All the same it sees areas, is stirring to a new life. tary and economic support. ty trading in Britain proper re­ some point in the General’s case: “A Europe stretching to the Vol­ The South Korean people toppled Rhee by their own direct ported in a previous letter. “Two half-contradictory fears are ga?” Perhaps de Gaulle’s imagina­ tive phrase is not so fantastic. An action, only to have another military dictatorship, which rules The pound’s slide was quickly expressed. One is that the United halted by the concerted efforts of Atlantic Community taking in all by grace of U.S. support, imposed upon them. Now the Korean States w ill make a deal with Rus­ the big banks and their interna­ Europe and America? Perhaps people are again fighting for their freedom against the military sia at the expense of Europe. The tional organizations, using excep­ other that the United States is so Acheson’s vision is not all that machine — which is still under UN command. tional measures, which had pre­ deeply imprisoned in an ideolog­ shaky. B ut it does seem that both No military regime in South Korea can survive without the viously been agreed on to back the ical view of the Cold War that may be fulfilled in unexpected U.S. support necessary to maintain the huge military apparatus. currency. But, in the opinion of Europe must free herself in order ways — and joined together by The Korean people have suffered enough from the Korean war the financial experts these alone to make a deal alone.” This dilem­ an awakening working class that which was supposed to safeguard “democracy” — a “democracy” probably would not have sufficed ma, the paper points out, is hard­ may yet confound all its detrac­ they have yet to see. The oppression of South Korea must be as more than the merest tempor­ ly tackled by Acheson and those tors. — T . J. Peters stopped. The U.S. should immediately remove its troops from ary expedients. he speaks for. Stationing more What really brought the pound Korea and stop all military and economic aid to the military back into line again was the sim­ regime there. ple fact that the currency specula­ tors, and the following they com­ mand among capitalists every­ ... Stalins Purge of Red Army The Right Not To Be Lied to where, simply had no stronger The owners of the mass news media are blasting the Kennedy currency to take flight to. The (Continued from Page 1) Despite demands from many administration for its handling of news during the Cuba crisis. dollar is not in a much stronger ter indirectly by publishing a re­ quarters, the Kremlin has not yet position, as was explained to a Publishers, editors and newscasters voiced their opposition to the view by a French Communist, dared breathe a word about clear­ British reporter by one Geneva André Wurmser, of a history of policy laid down by Arthur Sylvester, Assistant Secretary of De­ banker. And as for the deutsch- the Soviet Union just written by ing Trotsky of the false charges, fense for Public Affairs, before a House committee investigating mark and the franc, they are not the well-known French Commu­ although he was the principal tar­ administration news policies. in a much more brilliant situation. nist author Louis Aragon. Wurmse get of the frameup trials. Khru­ Sylvester had declared that the White House has the right (Contrary to all the propaganda quotes his collegue’s remark that shchev moves very cautiously in to lie to the public during times of crisis. “Manipulation and con­ about the old German “miracle” in the first great purge trial of divulging the truth about his pa­ trol of the news must not be tolerated in time of peace or in time and the new French “miracle,” Kamenev and Zinoviev: “Not one of crisis — and deliberate falsehoods should not be tolerated at the economies of all the Common document permits establishing the tron’s rule. Information about any time,” was the answer of Howard W. Bell, vice president of Market countries have recently degree of falsity which took place Stalin’s crimes are leaked drop by been discovered to be hardly less the National Association of Broadcasters. in the testimony of the accused at drop to reduce the shock to the stagnant than those of Britain and the trial. But this trial served as We wholeheartedly agree with the newsmen that the govern­ Soviet public and protect the Am erica.) the basis for an entire series of ment must level with the people especially during a crisis when The postwar boom seems to be others.” regime against the revulsion of millions of American lives may be at stake. Without the truth, over everywhere this time. If This delicate demolition of the the inquisitive and outraged the people have even less basis for judging important events and sterling is to fa ll or be devalued — foundation of Stalin’s frameups is younger generation. determining what they want done. many Keynesian economists here the first open suggestion in the But the spokesmen for this country’s big-business-dominated regard this as indispensable to lift Soviet press that Lenin’s incrim­ news media do not themselves have clean hands. The whole war Britain out of the economic dol­ inated associates were innocent. “In those parts of the world hysteria against Cuba was induced by a press, radio and TV cam­ drums — it may well be merely Rumors have come out of Moscow where learning and science has the first followed by all the other this past year that Bukharin and prevailed, miracles have ceased; paign of the most outrageous falsehoods — as well as by the ad­ Western currencies, including the some others of the executed Old but in those parts of it as are bar­ ministration’s “managing of the news” during the crisis. dollar. For the time being, the Bolsheviks have been quietly barous and ignorant, miracles are It is that concerted effort — despite some mutual recrimina­ bankers have succeeded in hold­ relieved of guilt, although they still in vogue.” — Ethan Allen tion as at present — which continues to deprive the American ing this prospect at arm’s length. are still condemned for being (1737-1789), American officer in public of the truth about Cuba and Kennedy’s foreign policy. But insofar as the' crisis of the wrong politically. Revolutionary War. Monday, April 1, 1963 THE MILITANT Page F ive

THE MOSCOW-PEKING DEBATE Root Causes of Sino-Soviet Rift By William F. Warde Other analysts trace the birth one people, a third of mankind, must live on 15 cents a day while It is easier to grasp the ideol­ of the present schism to Khru­ shchev’s enunciation of revision­ the other is being lifted to West­ ogical issues in the forefront of ist theses and denunciation of ern standards? If the economic the Sino-Soviet dispute than to get Stalin at the 20th Congress of the resources and conditions of the at the complex and hidden causes two nations cannot be immediate­ underlying the growing conflict. Soviet C.P. in 1956. This made it necessary to convene a meeting of ly equalized, as they cannot, then The divergent interpretations of all the Communist parties the fol­ the Chinese would at least like to Marxism-Leninism and the op­ lowing year. The Chinese were see Soviet foreign aid reallocated posing conclusions drawn from offended, not simply by the with a greater percentage going to the joint Moscow Declarations of smashing of the idolatry of Stalin, them and the revolutionary forces 1957 and 1960 themselves indicate but because they were not notified in the colonial areas than to the that the two sides are being driven in advance of this abrupt turn­ neutralist bourgeois regimes. apart by something deeper than about. They are very sensitive to The Khrushchev faction cannot mere doctrinal differences. These manifestations of arrogant or high­ meet the requests of the Chinese compelling reasons are to be found handed behavior on the part of Communists for many reasons. It in the very different national and the Soviet “elder brother.” They is bound by the policy of build­ international situations of the two have just censured the Thorez ing “communism in a single coun­ workers’ states which give rise to leadership of the French CP for try” at the fastest pace. More conflicting interests, aims and reversing its positions on Cuba, substantially, the Soviet Union policies of their ruling strata. Tito, Algeria and China at Mos­ does not possess the capacities to It would require a long probe cow’s command and they praise increase its production, raise the into the past relations of the Rus­ the Albanians (though not the living conditions of its people, su­ sian and Chinese Communist Par­ Yugoslavs) for refusing to grovel stain the expensive nuclear arms ty leaderships to uncover the be­ when the Russians “brandish the race, go to the moon, implement ginnings of their antagonism. The baton.” its diplomatic objectives in the seeds of mistrust were sown as * * * “third world” — and take care in far back as the Yenan period be­ More important than Soviet dis­ addition of the immense and fore the Second World War. Sus­ regard for interparty consultations pressing requirements of 700 m il­ picion that Moscow did not care ANTI-COMMUNIST ALLIES. Adlai Stevenson, U.S. Ambassador and transgressions of equal rela­ lion Chinese. The Chinese come about tjie requirements of the tions between fraternal parties last in the priorities of the Krem­ to UN, and Chiang Kai-shek, U.S.-supported dictator of Formosa. struggle in China was reinforced have been the frictions generated lin’s planners. Stevenson leads fight in UN to block admission of China while by Stalin’s advice to maintain a by the disparity in the economic China’s poverty and underde­ Chiang is maintained on Formosa to provide base for possible postwar coalition with Chiang levels of the two countries. Com­ velopment as well as Russia’s in­ future attack on China. Chinese leaders fear a U.S.-Soviet deal Kai-Shek which the Maoists tried munist China had to start mod­ adequacies have been inherited that would deepen their isolation. to secure but had to discard. It was ernizing and industrializing its from their pre-socialist pasts. Even fed by the Soviet dismantling of if the two countries were led by economy after 1949 on a more its allies in Laos and neighboring plants in China’s Manchurian in­ men of the calibre of Lenin and have sharp differences with the. primitive foundation than the countries and rushes arms to dustrial base and Russian occupa­ Trotsky, the objective difficulties Russians. They have extorted a India. Today China is not only ex­ tion of Port Arthur, Dairen and created by the disparities in their grudging admission from Moscow cluded from the councils of the other ports. A t the time of Stalin’s development would present ex­ that it supports “just wars of major powers and cut off from death, relations had become so CP Ducks cruciating problems not suscepti­ colonial liberation.” But they are strained that Khrushchev flew to American trade but also from So­ aware that the Soviet leaders are Chinese Criticism ble of easy solutions. vie t aid. Peking in 1954 to reassure the Chi­ The truth is that the uneve- more intent upon lining up un­ The Communist Party of In response to these conditions nese that improvements would be nesses between the tw o countries committed governments behind the U.S. announced March 19 the Soviets and China have de­ promptly forthcoming. and the frictions these engender their diplomatic objectives than veloped divergent foreign policies encouraging forces and movements Independent Leaders that it has no present inten­ cannot be finally eliminated ex­ tion to discuss the Chinese and asserted different attitudes which aspire to go beyond the As organizers and directors of a cept through the extension of the toward U.S. im perialism and West­ criticism of its pro-Kennedy socialist revolution to the advanced neo-colonial status of the national victorious revolution, Mao and his ern capitalism. Despite the rebuffs line. The statement did not capitalist countries. Mutual aid bourgeoisies and take the socialist colleagues cannot highly esteem encountered along the way, the road to liberation. the present helmsmen in Moscow indicate that the Chinese and planned co-operation could Kremlin has persistently sought to As Cuba indicates, the Kremlin who inherited their powers in­ viewpoint would be made then place the necessary produc­ reach a modus vivendi with Wash­ will ally itself with victorious stead of conquering them in bat­ available to party members tive forces of the wealthier lands ington since the 1955 Geneva sum­ at the disposal of the poorer ones revolutions and use them insofar tle. As heads of a powerful nation here. Meanwhile the Chinese mit conference. Meanwhile, it and narrow the gap between the as they can be fitted into its over­ of 700 millions they feel on a par have published the texts of wants to confine any changes in haves and have-nots in the short­ all diplomacy. But it casts a cold with the Soviet leaders, are able attacks on them by the international relations within the to act independently of them, and est possible time. eye on uncontrollable revolution­ Italian, French and East Ger­ compass of its special aims and in­ ary movements and regimes from even, if necessary, in defiance of man Communist parties and Paramount Task terests. which it can derive no immediate their wishes. They have relied plan to publish the state­ Ironing out the vast dispropor­ Peking, on the other hand, has advantages and which hinder its upon Soviet economic, military tions between the two sectors of to break through the blockade im­ and diplomatic aid without being ments of all the other parties course of conciliation with Wash­ humanity is the paramount task of posed by a hostile U.S. N either ington. The Soviet bureaucracy straitjacketed by it. lined up with Moscow in the the entire transitional period from the neo-colonial bourgeois govern­ has shown that it values bourgeois In the first decade of the trium ­ current dispute. capitalism to socialism. A genuine ments nor the Soviet Union, it has India as an ally more than its phant Chinese Revolution the Marxist leadership would at least found, w ill help it enough to serve solidarity with the Chinese work­ points of friction between the acknowledge the existence of this that purpose. To disrupt the ers’ state. foremost members of the Soviet Soviet Union in the 1920s. Its problem and honestly explain its Pentagon’s strategy and beat back Since the erosion of the agree­ bloc were submerged by their more rapid rate of development in gravity to the working-class pub­ its enemies, China has no recourse m u t u a l interests. What has in­ the early 1950s has been interrupt­ ments reached at the Bandung lic, as Lenin’s Bolsheviks did. But but to turn towards the colonial Conference in 1955, Peking has tervened since then to drive a ed and set back by the failures of the false orientation of the Soviet revolutions, above all in South­ the Great Leap Forward and the looked upon most of the neo­ wedge between them so deep and and Chinese bureaucracies have east Asia. The expansion of the widespread distress caused by the colonialist bourgeois regimes as sharp as to override the need for kept them from even mentioning anti-imperialist struggles in the natural disasters since 1959. To­ actual or prospective tools of a common front against imperial­ this fundam ental issue. I t smacks colonial lands is today a life-and- day the Chinese have living stand­ Western imperialism. Nehru’s con­ ism and place them on opposite too much of the “heresy” of death matter for Communist ards far lower than the Russians. duct in the border dispute has for­ sides of the battlefield in the Trotskyism. China. India border clash? At the 22nd Congress in 1961, tified this view. The spread and Khrushchev’s line of building The Chinese Revolution bears the strengthening of the worker-pea- The Chinese now assign the while China was suffering from “communism in a single country” origin of the disagreements to the same relation to Asia as the Cuban sant movements in Asia offers hunger and its economy was in a — and devil take the hindmost — Revolution to Latin America. eve of the Camp David talks be­ Peking the most effective means critical slowdown, Khrushchev plays a large part in the breach Both must spread in order to tween Eisenhower and Khru­ announced that in 20 years the of “neutralizing” governments in­ between Moscow and Peking. In survive and counter the aggres­ clined to play imperialism’s anti- shchev in September 1959. Wash­ Soviet Union, having already complaints about their economic ington and Moscow found a com­ sions of U.S. imperialism which China game. achieved socialism, would ap­ mistreatment at the hands of the wants to stop any imitation of * * * mon language, they say, at the proach communism. The Soviet Kremlin, the Chinese expose their example. very time that Khrushchev con­ people were promised the highest Their possession of the H-bomb some of the consequences of this The Kremlin is caught in the and the means of delivering them travened in word and deed the living standards in the world. Stalinist policy. But they have main theses of the 1957 Moscow crossfire of this combat between give the U.S. and the USSR an Imagine the Chinese reactions as not delved into its root causes. revolution and counter-revolution. equal stake in maintaining the statement. * * * the Soviet leaders go ahead with While it is busy placating Wash­ present “ balance of terror” as part this perspective, callously disreg­ The dissimilarities in the inter­ ington, neither Peking nor Havana of their condominium over the arding China’s massive material national positions of the two na­ have any faith in the Kennedy ad­ By Leon Trotsky rest of the world. So long as uni­ needs and its somber difficulties! tions are as estranging as the di­ ministration’s benevolence or versal disarmament is not en­ H it by poor harvests and plagued sparity in their economic situa­ peaceful intentions. They are on forced, the Chinese believe they These valuable works now by mounting millions of mouths to tions. The Soviet rulers are far guard not only against Washing­ have as much right and need as available as a set for feed, Peking has had to spend more privileged, conservative and ton but against Moscow’s diplo­ any other power to atomic bombs. scarce foreign exchange to import contented with the status quo than matizing. The Chinese have seen However, the Soviet chiefs are $5.00 grain from Canada, Australia and the Chinese. As one of the two Khrushchev negotiate before w ith­ even less disposed to help China elsewhere. The Soviet Union has Great Powers, they participate in out concern for matters most im­ acquire nuclear weapons then none to spare for China. More­ parleys at the summit and in the portant to them (admission to the Washington is to let the West The Stalin School over, it has given more aid in the UN which decide the destinies of UN, return of Formosa, etc.) Now German Republic have them. of Falsification past decade to such neutralist na­ nations from Laos through the the unilateral action on UN inspec­ Communist China is unmanage­ tions as India, Egypt and Indo­ Congo to Cuba. tion of Cuba and other impermis­ able enough as it is. and nesia. Now the Peking People’s Communist China is the outcast sible concessions he made in the The Soviet removal of its mis­ D aily has revealed that, after the of world politics among the work­ Caribbean crisis convinces them siles from Cuba under Kennedy’s The 3rd International Bucharest Conference of 1960, ers’ states. It is diplom atically and that Khrushchev would sacrifice threat has intensified Chinese re­ after Lenin Moscow broke hundreds of eco­ economically isolated and m ilitari­ vital interests of the other work­ sentment against the Russian re­ nomic contracts with China and ly encircled. The U.S. stations its ers’ states to “peaceful co-exist- sistance to its independent nuclear cut its trade to a minimum. It forces in South Korea, sustains ence” with Washington. That is development. They feel that Khru­ PIONEER PUBLISHERS has also inisisted on repayment Chiang in Formosa, and has its why they speak so bitterly of shchev cowers before the im­ of the Korean War debt and for Seventh Fleet in adjacent waters. I 16 University Place “ appeasement.” perialist “paper tiger” and in the the goods provided in recent years. The Pentagon supervises anti­ The attitude adopted toward the showdown yields too readily and New York 3, N. Y. What a mockery of socialism guerrilla operations in South Viet­ colonial bouregoisie is decisive in too much to its blackmail. While and fraternity it is to say that nam, intervenes against China and colonial politics. Here the Chinese (Continued on Page 6) Page Six THE MILITANT Monday, April 1, 1963

A LOOK REPORTER VISITS CUBA Finds 'Tropical Marxism' Is Still Beguiling When a mass circulation maga­ to swim to Miami’ than to take to low-cost vacations at new resorts.) out meat fairly; that ‘culture’ is dante, William Morgan, had been zine in this country prints a story the hills . . . But then my friend added, ‘I encouraged, and that neighbors shot as a ‘counter-revolutionary.’ “An amazing thing has hap­ don’t care much for your United about Cuba which doesn’t mangle are indoctrinated with good rev­ But the other five were still loyal pened: This little island has be­ Fruit Company, which stole all olutionary principles . . . Fidelistas. After talking with them, the truth, that’s news. But, believe come the crossroads of world com­ our riches.’ . . . “ A t 2 a.m., I faced 45 Cubans and also with anti-Fidelistas, I it or not, that’s just what Look munism. ‘We are the niña adorada “The Bergquist poll findings: in a garage, and debated U.S.- concluded that the raging U.S. de­ magazine has done in its April 9 (the youngest, spoiled child) of Cubans who’ve reached adulthood Cuban policy. Why wouldn’t we bates about whether the Bay of issue. the socialist system,’ say Fidelistas, since the Revolution are Fidelistas. let them live in peace under their Pigs invasion could have suc­ The article is entitled “My 28 and they are right. Russians, Chi­ Doubters are 25 and up . . . own system? they asked. No use ceeded w ith the a ir cover were Days in Communist Cuba” and nese, Bulgarians. Albanians, even “ Tropical M arxism seems at arguing that Castro seemed to be fantasy. They had nothing to do its author is Laura Bergquist. Outer Mongolians are here, cram­ times dowright surrealist. Quota­ with Cuban reality. Even a burn­ Though the article’s internal evi­ ming their Caribbean ‘showcase’ tion from Fidel, in an English ing anti-Castroite, who loathed a dence shows that she shares the class at Havana’s Ciudad Libertad, regime that had made a Com- standard prejudices of American Batista’s old military headquart­ munista of his 18-year-old son and journalists against Marxism and The Book Burners ers, now turned into a vast school who ached to swim to Miami, told Castroism, Miss Bergquist is ob­ for scholarship students: Learn to me that he himself had joined In Costa Rica last month viously an observant and honest speak English, he advised, so you Castro’s m ilitia when he saw who reporter. She traveled around a President Kennedy declared, can ‘read valuable technical litera­ the invaders were — ‘too many lot, talked to large numbers of “We will build a wall around ture and someday converse with sons of the criollos (the privil­ Cubans, then described how they Cuba” to keep revolutionary North American revolutionaries.’... eged), even known Batistiano to r­ lived and quoted what they said. writings out of Latin Amer­ “Never underestimate the tal­ turers, but almost no Negroes. D id She and I.F. Stone are the only ica. This is an admission of ents of a man who can get so you Americans think,’ he asked, U.S. journalists to publish exten­ a fear of a free competition many big powers over a barrel. ‘that we wanted those back as our sive eyewitness reports on Cuba of ideas with Cuba. The Americans who lightly dismiss new government?’ Castro as a ‘kook’ should read his since the missile crisis. While her “wall” is already under con­ “ Fidel, propped up by such sup­ article cannot compare with speeches . . . port, is still everywhere: Popping struction and, with the aid Stone’s for political insight and “Ricardo Porro, 36, is a brilliant up in the Havana Libre to ask analysis, it is an excellent, in­ and supervision of Kennedy’s architect who studied at the Uni­ a pretty girl, ‘Do you feel like a formative report which stands in CIA, part of it is manned by versity of Havana in Castro’s day “Che” Guevara captive Cuban?’ . . . sharp contrast to the phony hor­ the Mexican government. and returned from years abroad “ ‘You remember what Cuban ror stories about Cuba which are This is testified to by after the Revolution. ‘The doctors, non-peaceably exporting his rev­ women used to be like — always being fed daily to the American Look’s Laura Bergquist who lawyers, engineers le ft,’ he says, olution to democratic Venezuela. dedicated to the house or flirting?’ ‘but the artists stayed. There is No use arguing about Russian im ­ people. reported: “At the Mexico asked a lawyer in the Ministry of Here are some of the things something Homeric about a rev­ perialism — the Russians had Industries. ‘I never thought I’d City airport, point of no re­ Miss Bergquist says in her article: olution that appeals to artists; but come to their aid. Wasn’t Cuba a see this explosion in four years — “Havana food is dull, rationed, turn, Mexican police take I realize it is very hard to live in Soviet Satellite? No! Fidel proved of ladies everywhere, in factories, but people eat — starchily. ‘We photographic mug shots. Land times when change is so brusque, his independence of Khrushchev in the militia, even running fish­ have scarcities, but nobody is at Mexico City on the way especially for older people.’ . . . and Kennedy when he refused to ing boats! My own secretary p o in t­ starving,’ Cubans insist. M ilk goes back, and they confiscate ev­ “One fascinating night, from 8 permit on-site inspection of mis­ ed out my worst faults at the of­ to the children . . . ery scrap of Fidelista litera­ p.m. until 3 a.m., I visited a half- sile bases. M y 45 Cubans saw fice ‘critical’ meeting last week.’ ” *‘Cuba is a zoo full of foreigners. ture. (I swore to burn my dozen meetings of the ‘Commit­ only two alternatives: Big Bad Bergquist also includes an inter­ I met beguiled Greek and French five-foot shelf of Castro tees o f Defense,’ civilians in charge Exploiting Capitalism and Glori­ view she had with Che Guevara. of defending each city block ous Communism . . . They shushed leftist moviemakers. I was more speechees after use.)” She quotes his brief and candid surprised to run across a batch of against counter-revolution. Ori­ the neighborhood crank, who ex­ replies on a variety of subjects in­ apolitical Irish mechanical en­ ginally, their job was ‘vigilance.’ tolled Stalin, and gave me warm cluding the Betancourt regime, gineers, who were building a with goodies, technical, military, Now, these defenders — mostly abrazos (embraces) when I left... Cuba’s differences with the Soviet sugar-bag factory in Santa Clara ideological. All, however, is not middle-aged housewives — should­ “ In 1960 I had interviewed seven leaders, industrial development — a city that they told me was socialist harmony. Nowhere in the er 14 duties in all for the regime. Cubans in depth. On this trip, I and bureaucracy. overrun by ‘hundreds’ of ‘foreign’ world are the fractures in the Issuing ration books is just a tried to find out what had hap­ The photographs by Rene Burri technicians. The Irish felt cool Communist bloc so obvious . . . starter. They also see that chil­ pened to them and what they accompanying the article convey about the Czechs and Poles, who Young Russians, particularly, like dren on the block are vaccinated; thought about Fidelismo now. One, the impact and beauty of the wouldn’t work overtime,’ but recent visitor poet Evgennii Evtu­ that everyone learns to read and a Jesuit priest, had been deported Cuban Revolution’s youthful, praised the zealous, unskilled shenko, are fascinated by youth­ write; that the local butcher doles to Spain; the American coman- shining face. Cubans, including ex-bellboys, ful, vocal, zealous, revolutionary who broke their necks to get the Cuba . . . plant up in record time .. . I ac­ “ ‘Frankly, I prefer Americans tually saw fewer Russians in to the Russians, who are very ... Fight to Bar Mae Mallory Extradition Havana than on my 1960 trip. The “heavy” and don’t mingle with us,’ biggest anti-American tirades I said a boy one night at the Havana (Continued from Page 1) gives Attorney Haffner thirty days Papel y Tinta (Paper and Ink) Letters and telegrams to Gov. heard came from Canadians, tour­ in which to file an appeal. A mo­ mass fiesta given by Fidel’s per­ fner that the extradition order Rhodes should be addressed to the ists and technical experts alike . . . tion has also been filed in the sonal organ, the daily Revolución. issued by former Gov. Michael V. Office of the Governor, State of “I saw fewer civilians toting Court of Appeals for extension of Some 70,000 proletarians swarmed DiSalle on Feb. 6, 1962 was illegal. guns than on my last visit . . . Mrs. Mallory’s bond. Ohio, Columbus 15, Ohio. the square facing the National Common Pleas Judge John V. I heard, nevertheless, that during The stay of execution affords Copies of such communications Capitol and the marbled Centro Corrigan then issued a bench war­ the Missile Crisis there were no time, M r. Seniors says, fo r a mas­ or requests for information should Gallego, once an exclusive Span­ rant for the arrest of Mrs. Mal­ mass arrests—a la the Bay of Pigs sive appeal to Gov. Rhodes, re­ be addressed to Mr. Clarence H. ish club. (The regime is lavish lory. Haffner contacted Sheriff alarm. Dissenters today seem cently-elected Republican gov­ Seniors, Monroe Defense Commit­ either apathetic or ‘more ready with free dances, sports training James J. McGettrick and informed him Mrs. Mallory would return ernor, who can cut through all tee, 10517 Superior Ave., Cleve­ to County Jail at 3 p.m. the legalistic maneuvers of the land 6, Ohio. According to attorney Haffner, North Carolina authorities and McGettrick advised him that the their allies in Ohio with a single NEW YORK — The Committee . . . Behind Sino-Soviet Rift bench warrant would be with­ stroke of his pen. He can with­ to Aid the Monroe Defendants has drawn. However, when Haffner draw the extradition order of urged that letters or wires be sent (Continued from Page 5) Both protagonists have agreed former Gov. Di Salle, a Democrat. from throughout the country to China insists upon acquiring upon a high-level meeting to com­ and Mr. Seniors arrived with Mrs. Mallory at the appointed time, Very recent proof of this is af­ Ohio Governor Rhodes asking nuclear arms as indispensable for pose th e ir differences as a pre­ Sgt. John Ungvary appeared and forded by the action of Gov. that Mae M a llo ry be granted checking further imperialist ag­ liminary to another international snatched Mrs. Mallory from be­ Rhodes just last Feb. 28, when asylum. In addition, the commit­ gressions and altering the balance conference of all Communist par­ tween Haffner and Seniors right he refused to order the return to tee urges letters and wires to Gov. of forces in its favor, the Soviet ties. It remains to be seen on w hat at the County Jail steps. Alabama of Roosevelt McReynolds Terry Sanford of North Carolina statesmen and generals see its can­ basis it w ill be held. Mr. Seniors reports that when of Cincinnati, who was charged urging him to quash the indict­ didacy for the “nuclear club” as According to the February issue he and Haffner vigorously pro­ by that state with escaping from ments of Mae Mallory and her a profoundly disturbing factor Marxist Review, published in tested Ungvary’s action in pre­ legal custody more than thirty co-defendants in the framed-up threatening the established big Prague, China has created “diffi­ venting Mrs. Mallory from giving years ago. Monroe kidnap case. power setup. culties” in the Communist inter­ herself up as requested by the * * * national labor unions, youth and court, Ungvary claimed he had the Finally, the two sides are di­ women’s organizations, and in the warrant for her arrest and threat­ vided over de-Stalinization. The peace movements and called for ened to book the two men. Khrushchev tendency is committed the “removal” of Soviet party Ungvary then took Mrs. Mallory Local Directory to doling out concessions to the leaders. Peking is also demanding to his office for questioning and masses which are carefully regu­ that Albania be accepted as an fin g e r-p rin tin g , a procedure she lated to keep intact the pillars of equal, that the Yugoslavs be had been subjected to when she BOSTON. Boston Labor Forum, 293 NEWARK. Newark Labor Forum, Box its rulership. branded as “traitors,” and that H u n tin g to n A v e ., R oom 200. 361. N e w a rk , N ew Jersey. was first jailed. Pressed by the imperialist “revisionism,” not “ sectarianism,” When the sergeant was through CHICAGO. Socialist Worker* Party. NEW YORK CITY. Militant Labor be acknowledged as the “main Forum, 116 University Place. AL 5-7852. blockade and by the sullen mood with Mrs. Mallory, he called two 302 S o u th C anal St. R oom 210. W E 8 -50«. danger” facing the Communist I1 no answer, call HU 6-7025. o f hungry masses at home, Mao uniformed policemen to take her movement today. OAKLAND-BERKELEY. Labor Book and his colleagues hesitate to relax to jail. Five minutes later she was CLEVELAND. Eugene V. Debs Hall. Shop and Socialist Workers Party, 563 the strict controls of their regime Reconciliation on such terms is Room 23. 5927 E u c lid A ve., C leveland 3, 16th St., Oakland 12, Calif. TE 6-2077. taken to court. Prosecutor Cor­ O hio. I f no answ er c a ll 261-5642. over the party and people. They highly unlikely. They would give rigan was there to read charges fear that criticism of their policies Peking the paramount ideological DENVER. Militant Labor Forum, 1227 PHILADELPHIA. M ilitant Labor Forum and recommend the judge commit California. Main 3-0993. For labor and so­ and Socialist Workers Party, P.O. Box would be even more vigorous than role in the Sino-Soviet alliance, her, which he did. cialist books. International Book Ex­ 8412, P h ila d e lp h ia 1, Pa in 1957. a veto-power over Soviet foreign M eanwhile Monroe, N. C. au­ change 1227^ California. Open 5:30 p.m. policy, and even over its leader­ to 8 p.m. Mon. through Frl. SAN FRANCISCO. M ilitant Labor For­ They are antagonistic toward thorities reportedly were on their um. Temporarily c/o Oakland-Berkeley ship. Nor would another com­ DETROIT. Eugene V. Debs HaU, 3737 (see above). Yugoslavia, not simply for its way to Cleveland to take Mrs. W oodw ard. T E m p le 1-6135. ideological deviations and exces­ promise like those of 1957 and Mallory back to that Southern LOS ANGELES. Socialist Workers Par- ST. L O U IS . Phone M a in 1-2669. A sk fo r sive adaptation to capitalism, but 1960 remove the economic, polit­ state immediately. , 1702 East Fourth St. AN 9-4953 or Dick Clarke. ical and military sources of dis­ E 5-9238. Open 12 noon to 5 p.m . d a ily because its decentralized adminis­ When they arrived on Saturday, and Saturday. 8AN D1EOO. San Diego Labor Forum, tration, experiments in workers’ sension which have produced the however, they were stopped by P.O. Box 1581, San Oiego 12, Calif. For MILWAUKEE. 150 E. Juneau Ave. labor and socialist books. Sign of the control of enterprises, and flexibil­ present cleavage. a stay of execution of the extradi­ Sun B ooks, 4705 C ollege A ve. ity 'of agrarian policy stand in Next week: Conclusion — the tion order, granted the night of MINNEAPOLIS. Socialist Workers Party and Labor Book Store, 704 Hennepin SAN FRANCISCO. Militant Labor Fo­ such contrast with their own su­ essential significance of the Sino- March 22 by a judge of the Sixth A ve ., HaU 240. F E d e ra l 2-7781. Open 1 rum. Meets second and fourth Fridays at percentralization and monolithism. Soviet dispute. District Court of Appeals, which to 5 p.m., Monday through FrldRy. Sat­ Pioneer Book Store, 1488 Fulton St. urday, 11 a.m.-S p.m. Phone W E 1-9967. Monday, April 1, 1963 THE MILITANT Page Seven Letters from our Readers

Cuban Carnival greedy rich and gave them the against Negroes and Puerto Ricans. precedent in French law. During desire to solve, the nuclear threat. boot they so much deserved. What Tyler’s answer amounts to the French revolution many But, whether it is in Canada or the Cleveland, Ohio Forward, Fidel! is that some of the ILGWU bu­ aristocrats fled and abandoned U.S., the same d u p licity is quite The “ 1963 Socialist Carnival” G.C. reaucrats’ best friends are Negroes. their estates, and these become often openly displayed to their was held in Havana Saturday M any years ago, James P. Can­ public property by law. The awakening eyes. night, the ninth of March and the Thought-Control Laws non had occasion to characterize émigrés never got them back. In Canada, this same Diefen- music rang loud and clear Detroit, Mich. Gus Tyler, and having had occa­ There is only one practical way baker who is now crying against throughout the streets of the city. I would like to see more articles sion to know both these men, I to get rid of great estates and American interference (forcing Thousands of people lined the fighting the fascist Smith and Mc- have never forgotten Cannon’s that is to confiscate them. Trying nuclear arms on Canada) was re­ parade route and crowded the Carran laws. They are terroristic most appropriate words. They to buy them out only puts the sponsible for bringing into Canada roof-tops while beautiful girls in laws aimed at a ll free men and appear on page 225 of The H is­ people into bondage to the pre­ the American Bomarc missiles brightly colored costumes were pro-peace, non-conformists — and tory of American Trotskyism, vious owners who are just as which are useless without nuclear carried on their partners shoulders not only against communists. Ex­ where Cannon is describing some much the ruling class as before. warheads. How can any worker of the members of the Socialist or on large decorated floats. plain the complexities of these Castro had an out, because the or student concerned about sur­ laws to the average American who P arty of the 1930’s. Cannon said: Thirty-five dance groups com­ law under Batista permitted the vival not be somewhat confused? sees them only as laws against “There was Gus Tyler, a very peted for first prize. Twenty-seven owners to make their own assess­ “ subversion.” smart young chap whose only When, therefore, this worker of the dance groups were spon­ ments for tax purposes, and Cas­ sees a demonstration passing by A.M. trouble was the he had no char­ sored by different trade unions. tro thereby could legally buy them she doesn’t join, but inquires: acter. He could stand up and de­ The Construction Workers Union out at their own price, which was when she sees a placard-carrying The Exiles of '76 bate the war question from the dance group was finally awarded extremely low. The British own­ New York, N.Y. standpoint of Lenin with one of the crowd on her TV set her sympa­ first prize after much debate. ers, being more honest, fared bet­ Secretary of State Rusk says Stalinist leaders — and state the thies are aroused; when she reads The Queen of the Socialist Car­ ter than the Americans. But most that “several hundred thousand Leninist position quite correctly — about vigils and treks reported ill nival and her lovely eight maids revolutionaries have to make their Cubans want to leave the Island,” and then go to work for the Needle the newspapers, again a response. of honor viewed the entire parade own laws after they have gained presumably because they are dis­ Trades fakers, doing ‘educational The next time she hears of such from a balcony especially built for control of the state and can apply gusted with the Castro Revolution. work’ for their program, includ­ a demonstration she may even join them high over the street. the “Ancient rule, the simple plan, This seems to me a rather small ing their war program, and then in. And then she begins to find that he may take who has the The “captive people” of Cuba amount of disaffection which is wonder why anybody should be that the leaders she had previously power, and he may keep who can.” that President J. F. Kennedy has the perfectly normal phenomona surprised or indignant about it. looked to are actually the ones A ll land titles are established that so often referred to had them­ of all revolutions as they develop, People without character are like she is demonstrating against — way. selves i gay time parading, danc­ and should give little satisfaction people without intelligence. They that they are the instigators of A. Craig war. ing and singing into the early to those who think they see in it don’t understand why anybody hours of the morning. evidence of the imminent collapse should think it strange.” Canada and A-Weapons It is for this reason, I think, that The Cuban Revolution is truly of the Castro regime. Garment Worker we recently saw the witch hunt and rightfully for the humble and It is, in fact, only about five per Toronto, Canada in the U.S. against the Women the Cuban Government has tied cent of the total Cuban population Land, Law and Revolution The present political crisis in Strike for Peace. It is for this the tin cans to the corrupt and of six million — a much lower Oxford, Pa. Canada illustrates two facts: One same reason that Diefenbaker, proportion of opposition than that Pierre Frank’s article on Algeria is the corruption and bankruptcy demagogue that he is, cynically which existed in our own Revolu­ leaves out a legal point that the of the major political parties. The uses the issue of nuclear arms to tion. John Adams, in 1776, wrote Monthly Review tells about. Some other that placard-carrying dem­ win another election. He knows 10 YEARS AGO that one-third of all the people in 800,000 French residents had fled onstrators can have an impact far how great the sentiment against the 13 rebellious colonies were from Algeria, leaving their farms beyond their sometimes small war is and wants to exploit it Loyalists, as the anti-revolution­ and factories vacant. The scarcity numbers. to win. After all, he did sneak IN THE MILITANT ists were called during our War of food that resulted caused the The question of war is becoming the Bomarcs into Canada. Why of Independence. organization of peasant commit­ of more concern to a greater num­ not later, the nuclear devices? “Testifying before the Senate The 100,000 Cubans who have tees to take over and w ork these ber of people, especially workers. It will be the job of labor’s Foreign Relations Committee just thus far fled their country and are properties. The socialists plan to These newly awakened workers New Democratic Party to prevent before he took office as Repub­ now refugees in other lands con­ make this abandoned property are looking to the traditional lead­ this. stitute just about the same ratio ers to solve, or at least show a N.W.S. lican Secretary of State, John publicly owned, and they have a to Cuba’s total population as did Foster Dulles gave clear expres­ the 65,000 Loyalists who escaped sion to W all Street’s haunting fear from the American colonies where of the colonial people enslaved by the population during the 1770s American imperialism in its own was slightly under four million. It Was Reported in the Press Our own Loyalists went mostly to backyard: Canada, the West Indies and to T a ll-Story Dep’t — Drew Pear­ motion lost clipping them. A com­ at Observer reported that in view “ ‘I have a feeling that the con­ England and were like their Cuban son reported March 20 that Hai­ pany bulletin says: “The total ef­ of Brazil’s refusal to join the anti- ditions in South America, Latin counterparts today, largely from tian dictator Duvalier “has im­ fort in merely cutting these coup­ Cuba pack, Herbert May of the America, are somewhat compar­ the professional class — lawyers, posed a reign of terror featured by ons is equivalent to 542 years of State Department was sent to able as to the conditions as they doctors, teachers, soldiers, — with cold-blooded shootings in the manpower.” It favors substituting Brazil to talk to Dr. San Tiago were in China in the mid-’30s a goodly number of bankers, busi­ streets and the mysterious dis­ registered bonds and automatic Dantas who is slated to present when the Communist movement nessmen and big landowners and appearance of his enemies.” Al­ mailing of interest. the Brazilian request for financial was getting started; they were their tenants. though U.S. Marines trained Du- aid in Washington. The Observer beginning to develop the hatred of Their hope of successful coun­ va lie r’s cops, W ashington has re­ “Free-W orld” Shock Troops — said May went to Brazil for two the American and the Britisher, ter-revolution died hard. Thirty- cently cooled toward the dictator “A small contingent of ‘soldiers of reasons: “ (1) To find out what but we didn’t do anything ade­ one years after the surrender of and sticks with him only because fortune’ are reported to be en­ Dr. Dantas intends to say in the quate about it. It went on and on, Cornwallis, many of them enlisted it doesn’t see an alternative, says listing themselves in the cause of United States, and (2) to indicate and then finally came to a climax in the British armed forces to in­ Pearson. “Furthermore,” he adds freeing Cuba from Fidel Castro — what he ought to say to be suc­ in 1949. vade their former homeland in the without a blush, “it is still against at a price of course. These men — cessful.” “Well,’ Dulles continued, ‘If we war of 1812. There is in Canada U.S. treaty obligations to inter­ former United States military ser­ Endangering National Security don’t look out, we will wake up today, I believe, an organization vene in Latin countries.” vice personnel — are reported some morning and read in the of “Empire Loyalists” whose mem­ training Cuban refugee personnel — Two weeks after a strike was newspapers that there happened bers are the great-great-great- “Pin Money” — Katherine at one or more of the small keys called by Swedish deliverymen in South America the same kind grandsons and daughters of our Meader, daughter of Michigan or islands off Florida . . . This who service the state-operated li­ of thing that happened in China 18th Century fellow-countrymen Congressman George Meader, training operation, however, is not quor stores the shelves were bone in ’49 — M arch 30, 1953. who left their homes and friends draws $167.54 a month of ta x ­ a Central Intelligence Agency dry. Stores were besieged by nerv­ rather than join a revolution they payers’ money as a member of his venture, as was the hiring of ‘sol­ ous customers who feared a despised. staff even though she is studying diers of fortune’ pilots some drought would develop. There is 20 YEARS AGO Taylor Adams at the University of Florida. She months before the Bay of Pigs in­ strong pressure on the government vasion . . . This new training to mediate the strike. “ Some columnists in the capital­ told newsmen her job is to send Union Hand Makes Good out form “baby” letters to new operation is being paid for by ist press — and in the Negro pa­ wealthy Cuban refugees.” — The Note to N.Y. Straphangers — pers too, it must be admitted — New York, N.Y. parents in her father’s district. The City of New York is trying The General Executive Board Father said her monthly salary March 13 Christian Science Moni­ delight in quoting figures to show tor. to sell 4,000 World War I army how much ‘progress’ the Negro of the International Ladies Gar­ “is just pin money.” helmets used briefly by the civ­ ment Workers Union has been has made since the Emancipation Ultimate In Exploitation — O il How to Succeed — The Nation- ilian defense corps. meeting in Miami — spending a Proclamation. B u t so fa r as billionaire J. Paul Getty com­ lynching and voting goes, the Ne­ few days in that sunny place at union expense, working and suf­ plains: “ Of a ll the classes I ’ve gro is on the same old merry-go- known, millionaires are the hard­ round, with most of the progress fering for a better ILGWU. From this meeting comes the announce­ est working. They work long necessary for equal rights still hours.” to come .... ment that a new office has been INTRODUCTORY OFFER! created in the ILGWU — “assist­ Irrational? — The brokerage “What is the purpose of all the ant president.” It is to be filled firm of Merrill, Lynch, Pierce, talk we hear about ‘progress’? It by Gus Tyler. Perhaps this is part A Four-Month Subscription is intended to make the Negroes of the reward to Tyler for his Fenner & Smith is against coupon think that gradually, as time goes most recent task: answering the clipping. It isn’t against the in­ To The M ilitant for only $1 by, things w ill get better and bet­ charges of the NAACP that the terest collected by mailing in the ter, even if the Negro struggle for ILGWU officials discriminate coupons, only against the time and equality is discontinued or su­ spended. But this is a lie, and a N am e ...... mighty dangerous one. If Negroes Thought for the Week were to fall for it, all progress S tr e e t...... Z o n e ...... — real or imaginary — would “ Since the army finds sullen villagers and doesn’t know which are come to an abrupt halt. What pro-Communist and which are merely dissatisfied with Saigon . . . it Negroes need now is not fairy shoots anyone seen running or looking dangerous and often shoots the C ity ...... State ...... tales, or admonitions to believe wrong peasants. They are always, in the records of the battle, listed as these fairy tales, but fighting or­ Communists. Anyone killed is automatically a Viet Cong. Word of this ganizations and a fighting pro­ brutality spreads through the villages . . . and confirms the belief that Send to The Militant, 116 University Place, gram to achieve equality now. the government cares nothing for the people. The use of American New York 3, N.Y. Pie in the sky is no substitute for napalm in village battles does not help.” — A dispatch from South a square meal.” — March 27, 1943. Vietnam in the March 8 Christian Science Monitor. Page Eight th e MILITANT Monday, April 1, 1963 Miss. Racist Victimizations BERKELEY-OAKLAND ELECTIONS Protested at Rally in Harlem Socialist Slate Presses Anti-Bias Drive NEW YORK, March 23 — Black Barnett . . . Kennedy is just as By Hal Winters housing discrimination; and pro­ Muslim leader Malcolm X, Con­ much president of Mississippi as As the Berkeley and Oakland viding penalties for the violation gressman Adam Clayton Powell, he is of any other part of the municipal election campaigns en­ of the provisions hereof.” and comedian Dick Gregory ap­ country, and he is responsible for tered their final weeks, Socialist The present Mayor of Berkeley, peared on the same platform here what goes on there.” The militant W orkers P arty candidates Rose Claude Hutchison, issued a state­ today at a Harlem street corner Muslim leader said the Repub­ Jersawitz and Geoffrey White of ment in opposition to the ordi­ meeting. Several thousand people licans were no better and he ac­ Berkeley and Paul Montauk of nance calling it a “bad law” — attended the rally which was cused Governor Rockefeller of re­ Oakland stressed in their speeches claiming it would “take away not called to protest the cutting off of ligious as well as racial oppression and statements the key issues of only your rights, but the rights federal relief supplies to Negro against Muslims in the state. Say­ peace and c iv il rights. of all the people of Berkeley.” families in LeFlore County, Mis­ ing that recently he has often A t a Berkeley meeting, co-spon­ Hutchison’s stand received sup­ sissippi, because they are involved been asked whether the Muslims sored by the Parent Teachers As­ port from the Citizens League for in a voter-registration campaign. were “going into politics,” Mal- sociation and the League of Wom­ Individual Freedom, described by Gregory has been deeply involved com X declared, “If we do, we’ll en Voters, which was addressed the San Francisco Chronicle as a in aiding the victimized families do it right.” by all 16 candidates, some 800 front for powerful interests. and has produced a record called heard Geoffrey White, SWP can­ Made up of Citizens United, the “My Brother’s Keeper,” the profits didate for Berkeley City Council. Berkeley Reality Board, and other of which go to Mississippi relief. He urged the formation of an in­ groups opposed to the fair hous­ The meeting marked the first dependent party of labor to defeat ing law, the Citizen’s League began time a prominent political office the insane diplomacy of atomic- a drive to defeat the ordinance by holder appeared on the same plat­ age brinksmanship. p u tting up $15,000 fo r that p u r­ form with a Black Muslim leader pose. in Harlem. Fair Housing Rose Jersawitz, candidate fo r ROSE JERSAWITZ, Socialist Powell attuned his words to the White pledged support of the mayor of Berkeley, speaking on Workers candidate for mayor of militant mood of the audience, Fair Housing Ordinance which the same platform as White, back­ even criticising the NAACP [Na­ Berkeley voters will vote on April ed up his arguments that the main B erkeley. She is also endorsed tional Association for the Ad­ 2. He called for placing enforce­ issues of the campaign were those by Young Socialist Alliance. vancement of Colored People] as ment of the law in the hands of of peace and the “right to be con­ not “under the control of people a board which is predominately sidered a human being and treated Voters Jersawitz said that she was who think black.” But he careful­ non-w hite. with dignity and respect.” “unconditionally in favor” of the ly avoided placing any blame for The Fair Housing Ordinance — Commenting on the efforts of Housing Ordinance. the Mississippi situation on the a controversial piece of legisla­ the Kennedy administration to Paul Montauk, campaigning for Kennedy administration or the tion and one of the chief issues smash the Cuban Revolution, Oakland City Councilman, issued Democratic Party. He listed many of the campaign — would prohibit Jersawitz said that if Cuba were instances of racial injustice, but “discrimination because of race, crushed “the impact right here in a statement which said that “as each involved some Republican. color, religion, national origin or Berkeley will be felt. The ruling socialists we have special reasons Malcolm X, however, while call­ ancestry in the sale, rental, lease class w ill be strengthened and be for opposing discrimination in all ing for unity and co-operation or other transfer of housing ac­ able to pass even more anti-labor its forms. Racial or color discrimi­ among all Negro organizations and commodations: creating a board legislation and civil liberties w ill nation is not only a moral evil but leaders bluntly declared: “I’m not of intergroup relations; providing is also one of the most powerful Photo by J.A. be underm ined.” a Democrat because I wouldn’t for investigation, conciliation and In reply to a questionaire sub­ weapons of the ruling, monied Dick Gregory belong to the same party as Ross public hearing of complaints of mitted by the League of Women class against the workers and peo­ ple whose interests we seek to advance.” ... French Mine Strikers Spur Revival of Labor Militancy Montauk Statement In a statement prepared for (Continued from Page 1) had on the government, to the feared. It w ill then be up to the tion of violence by the govern­ Oakland voters, Montauk said: an 11 per cent increase. The gov­ care with which de Gaulle has unions to organize this march on ment would touch off a major “Railway clerks, Kentucky ernment has offered 5.77 per cent kept police and troops out of sight, Paris, demanded by the miners in class struggle with government miners, autoworkers, the Negro spread out over the next year. and to the fact that the miners anger.” power at stake. community — all these and others T ypical slogans to be seen on have not yet exhausted their last The Central Committee of the The third possibility, of waiting are being asked to forget about the banners in parades, rallies and pay which they received March 10. strike warned management March it out, of watching for an opening their unions, saving their jobs and demonstrations will have a fa­ However a note of irritation is 21 that it must pull out the of­ to split and divide the workers, of security, and meekly to accept miliar ring to American workers: becoming detectable among many fice workers; otherwise the under­ stepping this up later into more automation and speed-up. They “ Des sous, C hariot, des sous!” of the strikers over the delay in ground security crews who are vigorous partial actions, has not are being asked to be satisfied (“ Some money, Big Charley, some meeting their demands. Their manning pumps, etc., w ill be re­ paid o ff up to now. In fact it has with paychecks never large money!”) “40 heures payées 48!” easy-going attitude could change duced man for man for all who proved to be no more than an enough to meet elementary needs, ("40-hour week at 48-hours swiftly. This could touch off ex­ show up at the offices. added irritant that helped bring to postpone their demands for pay!” ) “Quatre semaines de con­ plosive consequences. The rank-and-file miners in out the railway workers in record civil rights, schools and housing, gés payés!” (“Four weeks paid Flying picket squads are al­ Lorraine forced the Central Com­ time. Thus a long delaying action, to put all this and more aside and vacation!” ) “ Liberté syndicale!” ready in action. Big parades, in­ mittee to bring into play another with attempted increasing abra­ to march to the beat of war (“The right to strike!” ) “ Chariot volving whole districts, have been weapon — control over gas sup­ sion against the workers’ organ­ drums. à la mine!” (“Big Charley to the staged. On March 13 about 2,000 plies from the coke ovens. “It’s izations, might prove to be the “The untruths and distortions in m ine!” ) “Solidarité aux mineurs!” iron miners made up a cavalcade enough,” they are reported to have worst alternative of all from de the press hammer away on and (“Solidarity with the miners!”) for a “march on Paris.” They or­ said. “It’s time to act.” Gaulle’s point of view. try to sell the big lie that the “ Du tra v a il pour les jeunes!” ganized it brilliantly, including a When the committee bowed to The political situation in France Cuban people are threatening us <“Jobs for the youth!” ) “ Non d la tow car and a first-aid car in their the demands and ordered cut-offs has thus abruptly altered. No mat­ — and that to defend ourselves requisition!” (“No to the requisi­ three-mile-long string of automo­ on the gas mains to Paris, “it was ter what de Gaulle decides to do, we must use the bomb. hailed as a victory,” reports Le tio n !” ) biles. new perspectives have opened up “ M y a n ti-w a r campaign has Figaro. In recent days a rise in slogans A ll along the roads to Paris they for the French workers. It is been endorsed by the Socialist were hailed. Farmers in the fields clear, too, that they have the bulk demanding the resignation of de Crisis fo r de Gaulle Workers Party and the Young So­ Gaulle has been noticeable. stopping plowing to cheer them of the working population behind cialist Alliance and I ask for your After the testing of a nuclear on. In Paris they were received For de Gaulle, the strike move­ them. With correct leadership endorsement on the ballot.” like heroes and a big collection ment presents a grave crisis. He theie is not the slightest doubt device in Algeria on March 18, a A four-page brochure, outlining was made in the streets. ordered the miners through his about their capacity to establish new note appeared in the slogans. the program of the three candi­ Talk is heard now of similar signed “requisition” to return to a government that truly represents “Des milliards pour la bomba dates for the Berkeley and Oak­ atomique, rien pour les mineurs!” action on a bigger scale. August work. They refused. Thus they the interests of the working peo­ Laleine, reporting in the March 19 are striking against the govern­ ple. land offices, is available. (“Billions for the atomic bomb, Copies may be obtained by w rit­ Le Figaro from the Nord and Pas- ment and against a government This, of course, raises the key nothing for the miners!” ) ing SWP, 563 16 St., Oakland, de-Calais, traditionally the most back-to-work order. They have question. W ill the traditional bu­ N ot so fa m ilia r to Am erican Calif. workers as may be those types of m ilita n t areas, says: violated the law and face stiff reaucratic leaders respond to the slogans — at least not so familiar “Nothing indicates that the penalties — if the government can clearly manifested w ill of the rank to the present generation — are strike w ill terminate because the enforce them. and file and permit the struggle customs like frequent singing of strikers are worn out. On the If the order is not enforced, de to move forward to victory or w ill Negro Labor Group the Internationale by socialists contrary. Their determination is Gaulle faces a most serious polit­ they, as in the past, prove to be and communists along with other greater than ever .... ical setback w ith consequent loss the final support on which the Plans D.C. March m ilita n t songs, m arching w ith red “Never, since the beginning of of prestige and authority. Even capitalist government depends? NEW YORK — The execu­ flags and raising the clenched fist. the strike, has the climate been more, the whole w orking class While there is absolutely nothing tive board of the Negro w ill feel that a tremendous Victory in their record to inspire the The wives of the miners have so bad. The margin for negotia­ American Labor Council is taken an active part in parades tions is narrowing each day. Soon, has been won. Fresh economic slightest confidence, their positions planning to issue a call for and demonstrations. Many inter­ all the barriers hastily put up, w ill demands will come pouring in would be badly shaken if they did an Emancipation March on views in the daily press testify go like straw and it will be too from the underpaid and the over­ not succeed in gaining some con­ to the militant spirit of the wom­ late to put up others. worked. Each success w ill raise cessions in the face o f such pow er­ Washington for Jobs for en. They are obviously an im­ “The risk of things turning po­ the self-confidence of the workers ful rank-and-file pressure. As for black workers, it was re­ mense source of power and in­ litical is likewise rising. It is suf­ and bring them closer to sweep­ carrying the struggle beyond that, ported. A nation-wide mobil­ spiration to the strikers. ficient to see the veritable mobil­ ing political demands. these leaders must be rated as ization, the march is tenta­ A significant sign in many re­ ization of Communist cells in the On the other hand, if de Gaulle strictly “paper tigers” — and tively slated for June 13-14. mine basin to see this .... tries to enforce the order, he “ toothless” ones at that. ports is the declaration by women With unemployment among that they voted for de Gaulle but “ Saturday, at Lens, the miners must use the police and arm y on But aside from the deeper im­ have now changed their minds showed their anger at the an­ a big scale. Once started, the logic plications of this upsurge, the im­ Negroes at least twice as about him . nouncement of the negative results of this course would be an at­ mense social power which the great as the national average, Up to now the calm attitude of registered in Paris. They shouted tempt to crush the unions. Can French workers have revealed the NALC proposes to enlist the miners has given their strike their desire to undertake a march de Gaulle successfully start this almost casually in the past three the participation of labor, an almost holiday air. Their calm­ on the capital. The idea is making now in the face of the depth and weeks has cheered workers civil rights, and other inter­ ness is due to the immense power its way. If nothing new happens extent of the strike movement? throughout Europe and far be­ ested bodies to make the they feel in their united action, to before next Wednesday or Thurs­ Very likely not. The risk would yond. This new fact alone, can march a massive one. the stunning effect which it has day, the worst excesses are to be be considerable that the initia­ have big consequences.