FEBRUARV21, 1975 25 CENTS VOLUME 39/NUMBER 6

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

Mass actions needed

I II

Auto workers rally for jobs in Washington -page 3

Nazis admit bombing L.A. socialists -page 4

s·WP's Camejo tours South in presidential race -page 6

Mass revolt in Peru threatens military regime -page 15

Inside the CIA: Interview with ex-agent -World Outlook section

A mass movement is needed to defend school desegregation in Boston. For dis­ cussion of issues facing Feb. 14-16 student anti racist conference, see pages 7-1 0. THIS In Brief WEEK'S SUBSCRIBERS WANTED: A total of 9,000 new readers on which the poor depend, performed any abortions in MILITANT of The Militant is the goal of the subscription drive that the first quarter of 1974. Most abortions were handled in begins Feb. 14 and will continue until April 12. In the nonhospital clinics, with only 7 percent of the total facili­ 3 Auto workers rally for course of the campaign there will be two national "blitz" ties providing 60 percent of the abortions. jobs weekends, March 1 and March 22, when Militant support­ The "effect is to make the constitutional right to choose 4 Cops fail to act on L.A. ers will be knocking on the doors of hundreds of campus abortion considerably less available to low-income wom­ bombing dormitories, housing projects, and apartment buildings, en, who experience the highest rates of unwanted ... 5 Protests demand action offering prospective subscribers two months of The Mili­ pregnancy," the study concluded. tant for only $1. against right-wing attacks JENNESS AND HAMILL DISCUSS SOCIALISM: The 6 Camejo opens national STREET SALES: Also planned is an 11-week single­ Village Voice of Jan. 13 featured an article by writer tour, protests FBI ha­ copy sales campaign with the aim of regularly selling Pete Hamill declaring that the solution to the problems rassment 9, 700 copies of The Militant across the country each week. now facing the people of this country is socialism. Hamill 7 Busing struggle: No That effort begins with the Feb. 28 issue of the paper. called for a public discussion on the subject and pro­ posed a presidential ticket headed by social-democrat Mi­ 'quality education' with­ Want to help get out the socialist newsweekly that tells the truth about the racist attacks in Boston, the economic chael Harrington. out equal education crisis, and the other issues affecting our lives? Contact This has elicited a response, both pro and con, from 8 Black and Puerto Rican the socialists in your area listed in the Socialist Directory Voice readers. Harrington, who wrote an article declin­ leaders speak out on on page 22, or write directly to The Militant to order a ing Hamill's "nomination," argued that socialists should busing weekly bundle of the paper and subscription blanks. work inside the Democratic Party. 13 Black Assembly plans As part of this continuing discussion, Channel 5 tele­ FBI TERRORISM IN SAN DIEGO: FBI agent Howard vision in New York City invited Hamill and Linda Jen­ '76 race Godfrey, acting as an agent provocateur within the right­ ness, Socialist Workers Party presidential candidate in 14 AAUP backs Starsky's wing Secret Army Organization (SAO), formulated plans 1972, to explain the basic ideas of socialism. The show rights to destroy the antiwar movement in San Diego during was telecast Feb. 10. 15 Mass revolt threatens the period when the Republican Party was planning to In next week's Militant we'll run excerpts from the Peruvian regime hold its 1972 convention in that city. Godfrey even drove Hamill-Jenness discussion. 16 SWP launches local cam­ the car in which another SAO member was riding when that member shot and wounded antiwar activist Paula SPEAKING OF SOCIALISM: "It is better not to use that . paigns Tharp. word, because everybody locks into position, either for Washington Teachers 18 These are among the allegations made in a suit flled or against it, but that is the real issue for the next 20 Union under attack Jan. 6 by the American Civil Liberties Union on behalf to 25 years." Those are the words of Budget Director 24 Ten years later: who of San Diego activists Peter Bohmer and Paula Tharp. Roy Ash, arguing for a reduction in federal spending killed Malcolm X? Defendants in the suit are the FBI and CIA, as well as a for social services. · variety of federal and local officials and former officials Ash said that the Ford administration is afraid that of the Nixon administration. 2 In Brief socialism "would occur by the year 2000 if present trends The suit charges that there was a conspiracy in opera­ continued." In order to safeguard against that possibility, 10 /n Our Opinion tion from 1969 to 1974 in which the defendants promoted Ash proposed that the American people agree to a 5 per­ Letters and engaged in such illegal acts as shooting Tharp, fire­ cent limit on such programs as Social ~urity, Medi­ 11 National Picket Line bombing, and wiretapping. The plot is linked both to. the care, food stamps, military retirement,. and unemploy­ By Any Means Neces­ FBI "Cointelpro" program for disrupting the left and direct ment insurance for at least the next 25 years. sary White House efforts through Donald Segretti and others If that is the means by which the American people must to prevent the peaceful protests planned for the Republican combat socialism, Ash may be surprised to find a lot 12 Great Society convention, which was to be held in San Diego. more of them "locking into position" for it. La Raza en Accion Segretti met with SAO members to develop plans to pre­ Women In Revolt vent the demonstrations, and the FBI provided funds to STUDENTS IN PUERTO RICO PROTEST SUSPEN­ 20 In Review the SAO for the purchase of firearms and explosives, SIONS: Eight hundred students marched on the Rio Pie­ according to the suit. Additionally, the FBI is held re­ dras campus of the •University of Puerto Rico Feb. 7 WORlD OUTLOOK sponsible for having Bohmer fired from his position as demanding the reinstatement of 12 student leaders who a professor at San Diego State College. had been suspended the week before by the rector of the 1 Inside th~ CIA: Ex-agent The suit demands a halt to such activities and asks campus.. The 12 students included all 10 members of the exposes methods of U.S. $10.6-million in damages. student council of the humanities faculty and two human­ subversion ities representatives to the general student council. 3 World News Notes WOMEN POLITICAL PRISONERS: The United States The purge came in the middle of student and faculty 4 Spain shaken by strikes, Committee for Justice to Latin American Political Prison­ unrest over a government plan to impose cutbacks and reorganize the university. Students responded by holding demands for civil lib­ ers ( USLA) is sponsoring a speak-out in defense of inter­ national women political prisoners scheduled for Feb. 21 general assemblies in the five faculties to discuss the cut­ erties in New York City. backs. Speakers will include Maria Isabel Barreno, one of the But the rector refused to grant humanities students per­ "Three Marias," the Portuguese feminists who wrote New mission to hold a meeting. The student council of the Portuguese Letters; Ti-Grace Atkinson, author of Amazon faculty then led a march protesting the ban, which the THE MILITANT Odessey; Barbara Solomon, writer on Spain and Portugal; administration falsely claimed was an attack by students Phyllis Chesler, psychologist and author of Women and armed with clubs and fJ!earms. VOLUME 39/NUMBER 6 Madness; Jacqueline Ceballos, president of New York This was the rector's pretext for the suspensions, which FEBRUARY 21, 1975 National Organization for Women's international commit­ were made without a prior hearing on the charges, in ClOSING NEWSDATE-FEB. 12, 1975 tee; and others. violation of the student code. The cases of Lidia Falcon and Genoveva Forest in The Young Communist League, a Trotskyist group Spain, Inez Romeu of Brazil, and the thousands of female active on the Rio Piedras campus, is asking that protest Editor, MARY-ALICE WATERS messages be sent to Ismael Rodriguez Bou, rector, Uni­ Business Manager, ROSE OGDEN political prisoners in the jails of the Chilean junta will Southwest Bureau, HARRY RING receive special attention. versity of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, P.R. 00931, with cop­ Washington Bureau, CINDY JAQUITH The event will be held at Loeb Student Center, South ies to the Consejo General de Estudiantes, University of. Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, P.R. 00931. Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., Lobby, New York University (W. 4th St. and La Guardia) 14 Charles Lone, New York, N.Y. 10014. Telephone, at 8 p.m. Editorial Office (212) 243-6392; Business Office (212) For more information contact USLA, 156 Fifth Ave., TIGHTENING THE BELT: In 1974, the price of food 929-3486. Southwest Bureau, 710 S. Westlake Ave., Room 600, New York, N.Y. 10010. Their telephone num­ consumed by poor families increased more than that of Las Angeles, Calif. 90057. Telephone, (213) 483-2798. ber is (212) 691-2880. food eaten by more affluent families, a new congression­ Washington Bureau, 1345 E St. N. W., Fourth Floor, al economic survey reports. Poorer families' food bills Washington, D.C. 20004. Telephone, (202) 783-2391. Correspondence concerning subscriptions or changes A VICTORY FOR THE ERA: North Dakota became the rose 12.7 percent. of oddreu should be oddressed to The Militant Busi­ thirty-fourth state to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment "In a year such as 1974 when taxes, transportation nesa Office, 14 Charles Lane, New Yorlr, N.Y. 10014. (ERA) on Feb. 3, when that state's house of representa­ and housing costs rose more rapidly than food, fam­ Second-doss postage paid al New York, N.Y. Sub­ tives voted 52 to 49 to approve the measure. The state ilies whose incomes did not keep up with inflation had scription'" domestic, S7.50 o year; foreign, Sll.OO. to substitute down to less expensive food," the report By first-doss moil, domestic, Canada, and Mexico, senate had earlier ratified the amendment, 28 to 22. S32; oil other countries, S53. By airmail, domestic, That leaves four more states to reach the 38 required said. Canada, and Mexico, 542. By air printed matter, Cen­ to ratify the amendment. · That means that since the cheapest staples such as bread tral America and Caribbean, S40; Mediterranean Af. and beans have increased in price the most, "many of rico, Europe, and South America, S52; USSR, Asia, these families and elderly couples have simply had to Pacific, and Africa, S62. Write for foreign sealed air RIGHT TO ABORTION: The impact of the Supreme postage rates. Court's 1973 decision legalizing abortion is illustrated duce their consumption and in some cases go .without some For subscriptions airmailed from New York and then by the results of a study reported in the Feb. 3 Los An­ meals." posted from London directly to Britain, Ireland, and geles 1lmes. The number of legal abortions jumped from The report also said taxes rose more thari any other Continental Europe, Ll for eight issues, L2.50 for six single item in the family budget (31 percent for a family months, L5 for one year. Send banker's draft or in­ 750,000 in 1973 to an estimated 900,000 in 1974, mak­ ternational postal order (pay able to Pathfinder Press) ing the operation the most common surgical procedure of four with an income of $9,320 a year), and were ris­ to Pathfinder Press, 47 The Cut, London, SEl SLL, besides tonsillectomy. ing faster proportionately for poor families than for mid­ England. Inquire for air rates from London at the same Meanwhile, the availability of abortions to poor peo­ dle income and rich taxpayers. address. - NELSON BLACKSTOCK _ Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily ple remains limited. Only 17 percent of public hospitals, repr<>sent The Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials. 2 What next for UAW? Auto workers rally in nc. for jobs By ANDY ROSE to get a new president." The United Auto Workers' national Well, even aside from the question rally for jobs on Feb. 5 was more a of whether auto workers can wait un­ preliminary signal of the pressures til January 1977 for relief, we just bt!ilding up within the union move­ got a new president, supposedly free ment than a model of what indepen­ from the sins of the old one. And if dent labor action can do. he seems to offer little hope, there's The turnout of nearly 1 0, 000 in a brand new Congress as well. Washington, D. C. -volunteers who Indeed, the UAW poured consider­ had signed up for the long bus trip­ able funds into electing the solidly was more than UAW officials had Democratic majority of the new "veto­ predicted, perhaps more than they proof' Congress. wanted. It was a militant, shouting, placard­ Friends of labor? waving, foot-stamping crowd that If there were any real "friends of often broke into chants of "We want labor" in Congress they could take jobs!" immediate action to provide jobs for all- no need to wait for Ford. 'We'll be back' • They could adopt legislation to Speakers were caught up in the put all the unemployed- not 100,000, mood of the angry young workers, or not one million, not two million, but at least wished to appear so. "If people all who want jobs-to work at union in power don't understand the plight wages on socially useful public works. of the unemployed, we're going to e They could move to have the gov­ come back again and again and ernment take over and keep open any again," promised UAW Vice-president factories that threaten to close down. Douglas Fraser. e They could amend the hours and "We can't wait until June or July wages law to institute a 30-hour work­ or August for answers," he declared. week at 40 hours pay in all industry. "We need them now." Those are the kinds of measures true Leonard Woodcock, president of the representatives of working people, UAW, shouted himself hoarse de­ running on an independent labor par­ nouncing President Ford's new bud­ ty ticket, would fight for. And they get proposals. There were cheers for would not limit the fight to the halls those who attacked military spending of Congress, but would take the lead and tax breaks for the wealthy. in strikes and mass demonstrations Desperation, anger, growing desire for the needs of working people. for action- it was a sign of them ood Militant crowd reflected unemployed workers' growing anger and desire for action The plain fact is that for all the in the vast army of the unemployed. demagogy and posturing of Demo­ Just two days after the demonstration, crats on the make for the labor vote, the Labor Department announced that and most of them are probably eager ment Benefits will run out long be­ the Democrats are doing nothing more by its tally unemployment had surged to act at their union's call, but the fore the economy revives enough to for the unemployed than the Republi­ to 7.5 million in January-8.2 per­ involvement of such large numbers put them back to work-if it ever cans, nor will they in the future. cent of the total work force and 13.4 was discouraged. does. Auto executives are openly dis­ The curious timidity of the· UAW percent of Black workers. cussing plans to scale down produc­ leaders in acting to defend auto work­ When the "discouraged" workers and Keep it 'controlled' tion enough to operate profitably at ers' jobs has its roots in their alliance those forced to accept only part-time New York Times reporter Anthony permanently depressed levels of sales. with these Democrats-an alliance work are added in, the total of un­ Ripley, who presumably was briefed The element of truth is that the eco­ that requires limiting their demands employed and underemployed sur­ by top union officials, wrote that their nomic crisis is far broader than the to what the Democrats find acceptable. passes 10 million. Some 1.8. million approach was to hold a "controlled" auto industry, and its solution will jobs have been wiped out just since demonstration that carried a "warn­ require action going beyond the col­ Ready to fight September. ing" of possible future action. lective bargaining arena- political There are answers to the econo-mic This tidal wave of layoffs is begin­ One UAW aide told him that action. crisis. ""They will be found not by ning to worry the official leaders of marches of hundreds of thousands The question is, what kind of politi­ worrying about how the auto com­ the labor movement. In the face of tend to be "diffuse." "A big demonstra­ cal actionl the government's inactivity, some are tion is a knee-jerk reaction," the union panies can fatten their profits, but by The UAW officialdom gave its an­ beginning to mobilize the union ranks beginning to talk of organizing dem­ staffer said, "a card you don't play swer at the Feb. 5 rally. The assem­ onstrations. unless absolutely necessary." in struggle for their own interests and The UAW officialdom's knee-joints bled jobless were treated to a parade those of the unemployed and un­ 'Pull out our troops' must be getting rusty, then, since this . of Democratic politicians eager to organized. place sole blame for the layoffs on the Important concessions can be wrest­ "Our people are looking for it," Wil­ was the first such union-sponsored na­ Republican administration and to join ed from government and industry, but liam Duchessi of the United Textile tional march for jobs since 1959. with the UAW in demanding action it will take a fight. The enthusiasm Workers told the special AFL-CIO Up to now Woodcock has' devoted by the executive branch. of the Feb. 5 rally may be an indica­ general board meeting last month. his attention to schemes to get l:he "We are asking for jobs now," said tion that auto workers are readier Paul Jennings, president of the In­ auto industry rolling again, such as for such a fight than their leaders ternational Union of Electrical Work­ a UAW-paid advertising campaign to Senator Walter Mondale (D-Minn. ), ers, agreed: "What we have to do is help sell cars. "and if we don't get them, we're going suspect. pull out our troops and come back This may be in keeping with the with a massive army." AFL-CIO Pres­ "trickle down" economic theories of ident George Meany would of course Herbert Hoovec and Gerald Ford, but have nothing to do with such pro­ hardly with the traditions of the labor ·Keep 'em out of Washington' posals, but the idea is spreading movement. Woodcock has gone so far At his Feb. 11 news conference in nevertheless. as to join the auto magnates in de­ Topeka, Kans., President Ford was Victor Gotbaum, head of the influen­ nouncing pollution controls and de­ asked what he would think of a tial District Council 37 of the Amer­ fending sky-high auto prices. He al­ mass march on Washington by the ican Federation of State, County and leges that profits are "paper thin." unemployed, "which you hear in­ Municipal Employees in New York Woodcock apparently kept these creasingly talked about in labor City, is talking up a plan for a march pro-business themes in his briefcase circles." on Washington, and splashed the call when he addressed the Washington Ford replied: "Now, I think it's across the front page of District Coun­ rally, perhaps sensing that the won­ just a great deal better from the cil 37's newspaper last month. drous efficiency of the private-profit point of view of domestic tranquility And on Jan. 29, UAW chief Wood­ system was not what jobless auto for all of us to concentrate on cock got loud applause from a Ma­ workers wanted to hear about. achieving an answer to our eco­ chinists' union meeting when he said: Instead he took the auto companies nomic problems. "If by spring we're not getting action off the hook in a different way. "The "Action by the Congress, admin­ in the nation's capital we should be auto industry will recover when the istrative decisions by me, this !think down here all together in the range economy recovers," Woodcock said. is more productive than something of 250,000 to march in the streets of that could upset some of the people Washington to tell them something." Dismal prospect in Washington and elsewhere." But Feb. 5 was only a tiny indi­ Now there's a dismal prospect. One Could there-be any better recom­ cation of the forces the UAW could of the few economic predictions that mendation for starting right now mobilize, and intentionally so. Some can be made with certainty is that auto to organize such a march? FORD: Let me handle it 300,000 auto workers are laid off, workers' Supplemental Unemploy-

THE MlliTANT/f'IIIUAIY 21, 1975 3 Rally calls for unity against rightist terror By HARRY RING Tim Mallory focused on the demand LOS ANGELES- Three days after it for action by the Bradley administra­ was bombed, the Central-East Los An­ tion and cited some of the long list of geles campaign headquarters of the terrorist attacks and the police failure Socialist Workers Party was the scene to act. of a militant, spirited rally demanding Olga Rodriguez, who came in from that Mayor Thomas Bradley act im­ New York for the rally, .declared that mediately to apprehend the terrorists the YSA saw the bombing as an at­ responsible for the bombing. tack on the entire organization and Well over 200 people jammed into pledged the support of the national or­ the hall Feb. 7 to hear a broad range ganization in fighting back. of speakers join in a call for a united John T. Williams eloquently ap­ response to the terrorists to force ac­ pealed for a united; fighting response, tion by the city administration. and pointed to the significance of the The meeting responded with repeat­ bombing coming at a moment of deep­ ed applause as the chair person, Walter ening social and economic crisis. He Lippmann, read copies of letters to said the attack represented the frustra­ Mayor Bradley from an exceptionally tion of those who rule this country and wide spectrum of prominent individ­ those who represent them. Militant/ AI Twiss uals from across the country and an Don Freed paid tribute to the SWP Rally of 200 demands Mayor Bradley act now to apprehend terrorists who planted equally broad range of organizations. as an early defender of the Rosen­ bomb at SWP hall. All demanded that he take action bergs and as a consistent, effective against the bombers. fighter for civil liberties. The rally was covered by the Los Reverend Murphy said the purpose Angeles TV affiliates of CBS and ABC ·tee. On Feb. 2 a rally of the Rosenberg Michael Zinzun urged a united re­ of his remarks was to underscore the and was prominently featured on the committee was disrupted by a tear­ sponse to the terrorists. Verne Harrell urgent need for a united-front response local 11 o'clock news programs. gas attack. spoke of the need for the labor move­ of all progressive and left-wing forces Both programs focused on the de­ The other speakers were: Will Lewis, ment to concern itself with the issue. without regard to political differences. mand of the rally for action by the station manager of Pacifica radio sta­ Manuel Rodriguez told of the ter­ "If we don't work together," he de­ mayor, and both referred to the record tion KPFK; author and playwright rorist bombings of Chicano activists clared, "these terrorist attacks will go of police inaction against right-wing Donald Freed; Dr. Morris Starsky, in Colorado and the police refusal to on. We will not have strength to op­ terrorists. who recently won disclosure of secret act. He too urged solidarity in the face pose violence- in our country and Both newscasts also noted the well­ FBI documents detailing a "counter­ of such attacks. overseas." organized monitoring system inside intelligence operation" against him; Deborah Chankin said her presence Peter Camejo said that actions such and outside the hall to ensure the safe­ and Deborah Chankin of the Los An­ expressed the support of the National as this rally, focusing on the demand ty of the rally, and both cited the ab­ geles National Women's Political Cau­ Women's Political Caucus. ''When I for action by Mayor Bradley, could sence of police protection. cus. mentioned to someone at work this be effective in curbing the terrorists. CBS also interviewed SWP presiden­ Also: Tim Mallory, Socialist Work­ afternoon that I was going to come to He told the audience how in Chicago tial candidate Peter Camejo, who flew ers Party candidate for the Pasadena this meeting," she said, ''they said, and Houston the SWP had led in de­ in from Atlanta to participate in the school board; Olga Rodriguez of the 'You're going to walk into the place veloping a campaign to force the au­ rally. national executive committee of the that was bombed?' That is why I am thorities to act against the Ku Klux A Militant Forum meeting had ori­ Young Socialist Alliance; Michael Zin­ here. Klan and other right-wing terrorists. ginally been scheduled for that night zun, Pasadena Black activist; John T. "As women," she continued, "we are A collection of $220 was taken, at the hall, with a speaker from the Williams, Teamsters union business trying to make progress with the con­ which will be divided between the Ros­ National Committee to Reopen the agent; Manuel Rodriguez of the anti­ cerns of women. There are two things enberg committee and the SWP. Rosenberg Case. After the bombing deportation organization CASA; and we have learned. One is that none of The protest rally concluded with attack, it was decided to turn the meet­ Verne Harrell, president of Social Ser­ us are free until all of us are. And unanimous adoption of a resolution ing into a rally against the terrorists. vices Union Local 535, a Los Angeles we've learned that no one is free until demanding action by Mayor Bradley, The principal speaker was Reverend affiliate of the Service Employees In­ they are not afraid. . . . One of the with copies to be circulated to the me­ Amos Barstow Murphy, chairperson ternational Union. ways you get rid of freedom of assem­ dia and concerned individuals and or­ of the Los Angeles Rosenberg commit- In brief statements, Will Lewis and bly is by scaring people." ganizations. Nazis admit bombing; cops still fail to act By HARRY RING cia! said the same Nazi group had Last Oct. 31, police found an unex­ LOS ANGELES, Feb. 11- A Nazi declared that it was responsible for ploded pipe bomb along the route of group has declared it carried out the the tear-gas disruption of a Feb. 2 an antideportation march in East Los Feb. 4 bomb attack on the Socialist rally held by the National Committee Angeles. At various antiwar marches Workers Party campaign headquar­ to Reopen the Rosenberg Case. here the Nazis have tried to attack ters here. Also, the day after the bombing of participants. The City News Service, a local news the Central-East SWP headquarters, a As of this writing it is five days agency, said it received a phone call threat was posted on the door of the since the Nazis took credit for the Feb. 6 from the National Socialist party's headquarters in Santa Mon­ bombing. Despite this fact police have [Nazi] Liberation Front taking credit ica. not yet picked any of them up. for the murderous attack. Signed by the same Nazi gang, the The caller said the purpose of the leaflet was inscribed with a rifle and attack was not to harass socialists swastika and declared, "Political Ter­ The failure of the cops to act in this but to "exterminate" them. ror. It's the only thing they under­ matter is not an aberration. There He concludc:!d by shouting ''White stand." has been a long series of right-wing power!" The bomb that exploded at the SWP terrorist acts in this city going back Earlier a Santa Monica police offi- hall was set off with intent to kill. to the early 1960s. The SWP.has been There were about 25 people in the the target of arson, gun, and bomb headquarters at the time and no warn­ attacks. A radical center, the Hay­ ing was given. Fortunately the bomb­ market, was burned down, as was the er was seen just as he lit the fuse, and Ash Grove, a coffeehouse. The Long those present were able to escape March, a movement center, has also through a rear exit just as the frag- been the victim of several arson at­ . mentation-type bomb .exploded with tacks. lethal force. While there were no in­ The only conviction obtained by the juries, damage was extensive. Ceiling above bomb blast was wrecked police throughout all of this was in Several hours later a similar bomb a single instance where the arsonist was hurled through the window of the literally knocked over a couple of cops Unidos bookstore, initiated by the comparison. The Nazi began by while fleeing the scene of the crime. October League, a Maoist-oriented explaining that his group had split The stubborn do-nothing position group. No one was present at the time, from the National Socialist White Peo­ of the police underlines the responsi­ but damage there too was extensive. ple's Party because it did not relate bility of Mayor Thomas Bradley to sufficiently to "armed struggle." s~ to it that those responsible for the A representative of the same Nazi A few days after the broadcast, the bombings are apprehended and put gang appeared on the TV panel on same group appeared in the Black behind bars. If he fails to act, the school desegregation last December, community in Pasadena at the assem­ mayor assumes the same responsibil­ along with Omari Musa of the Social­ bly point for the Dec. 14 march ity as the police for permitting a situa­ ist Workers Party, a former mayor of against school segregation. Carrying tion where right-wing killers are free Beverly Hills, and a representative of race-baiting placards, the Nazis im­ to run loose in Los Angeles. the Ku Klux Klan. mediately got into a scuffle with dem­ Representative delegations are now SWP organizer Lew Jones shows hole in The frothings of the Nazi made the onstrators, but monitors forced them being organized to see the mayor and floor of landing where bomb exploded. Klansman appear almost lucid by away. demand that he act now.

4 Protests pour In to Bradley urging quick action by pollee to halt right-wing attacks The following are excerpts from a suing the perpetrators of this and oth­ Such attacks on democratic few of the scores of messages express­ er right-wing attacks, according to re­ rights are a threat to the entire labor ing solidarity with the Los Angeles cent news accounts. I write to applaud movement. An injury to one is an in­ Socialist Workers Party in the wake your fast action, and to urge you to jury to all. of the bombing of its headquarters place what happens in Los Angeles in Janet Bandy, state president, Social Feb. 4 and urging Mayor Thomas the national perspective it already oc­ Services Union Local 535, Califor­ Bradley to act to ensure apprehension cupies. Many of us are afraid that nia of the terrorists. In addition to those given how contagious hatred and vio­ whose messages are quoted, some of lence are, unless the strongest mea­ the others who have sent messages to sures are taken in the shortest possi­ -Bradley are: ble tim~, we too will begin to feel the Art Carter, president of Contra bomb-blasts of misguided patriots, Costa Central Labor Council; Jessica · fools, or just plain nuts. Mitford, author; Howard Moore, at­ Yours in struggle, torney; Paul Chown, international rep­ Tom Atkins resentative, United Electrical, Radio Boston, Mass. and Machine Workers; Harry Bullard, state representative, Michigan; and We, the undersigned candidates for Herb Magidson, Los Angeles Business president of the St. Louis board of Executives for Peace. aldermen, wish to express our out­ Also: John T. Williams, Teamsters rage at the murderous, terrorist bomb­ THOMAS ATKINS: Cites SWP's support business agent, Los Angeles; David ing of the Socialist Workers Party to desegregation struggle in Boston and headquarters in Los Angeles, Calif., Richardson Jr., Pennsylvania state Pasadena. representative; Ted Pearson, lllinois on February 4, 1975. Such acts of Communist Party; Max Lieberless, violence, directed against any politi­ president, American Federation of race-baiting are two sides of the coin cal organization, constitute attacks on State, County and Municipal Employ­ of reaction. the Democratic rights of everyone. ees (AFSCME) Local 2000, Chicago; We trust that you will push the po­ Further, we add our voices to the Ben Freund, Chicago Clergy and call for an immediate thorough inves­ Mi lice department to find the bombers CHARLES GARRY: Attorney demands ap­ Laity Concerned; State Representative tigation, and the apprehension of and gassers in your city and bring prehension of would-be murderers. Barney Frank, Boston; New York them to justice. those responsible for this murderous Public Library Guild Local 1930 Yours for freedom, attack. (AFSCME); and John Sinclair, United David Pentland (D), Albert Holst (R), Carl and Anne Braden . . . . In your effort to have the free­ Presbyterian Church, Bloomington, Elbert Walton Jr. (D), Barbara Louisville, Ky. dom to follow the beliefs of your Minn. Bowman (SWP) choice and the freedom to speak of Also: Reverend Vernon Carter, All Dear Mr. Mayor, St. Lou is, Mo. It has been several years since you these beliefs, we stand united. In de­ Saints Lutheran Church, Boston; Dr. fense of these rights please know that Ed Keemer, Detroit; Reverend V. L. and I last talked. At that time, I was I urge that you order thorough in­ a member of the Boston city council vestigation of Feb. 4 bombing of the we are one together in this struggle. Hawkinson, Grace Lutheran Church, Julie Christensen, chairwoman, Unit- Minneapolis; Patrick Knight, presi­ and you were on the council in Los Angeles.... ed Peoplefor Wounded Knee dent, New York Social Services Em­ Los Angeles ployees Union; Charles Garry, San Since tha,t time, much has happened Francisco attorney; and John Mitch­ to both of us. You are the distin­ guished mayor of one of our most We deplore the right-wing terrorist at­ ell, international representative, Amal­ important cities. I am the president tack on your office and support your gamated Meat Cutters union, Sum~ of the Boston NAACP, and we are right of free speech. merville, Mass. struggling to tear down a system of Riverside Political Prisoners Defense segregated schooling which was erect­ Committee Riverside, Calif Dear Brother Bradley: ed by our school committee with as much care and deliberation as any to We are grieved to hear that right-wing This is an attack on all those fighting hoodlums seem to be running wild in be found in the backwoods of Missis­ sippi or Alabama.... for equal rights. We demand that the your city. authorities apprehend and prosecute We refer to the bombing of offices.of Many people from around the coun­ try have made efforts to let us know those responsible to the fullest extent the Socialist Workers Party and the of the law. October League, as well as tear-gas­ here that they support our efforts, just as you and I did with respect to our National Student Conference Against sing of the Rosenberg meeting.... Racism In the past the Los Angeles police colleagues in Mississippi and other parts of the South. Boston, Mass. One such group of people who have Urge swift and intensive investigation sent us encouragement has been the to bring perpetrators to justice. Los various units of the Socialist Workers Angeles has no place for such be­ Party, including the unit located in LINUS PAULING: Nobel Prize winner havior. your city on S. Westlake. The urges 'thorough investigation.' Women's International League for NAACP, and the black children who Peace and Freedom are the beneficiaries of the federal Philadelphia, Pa. court decision, have welcomed the sup­ ~m;ialist Workers campaign head­ port which has been voiced, whatever quarters. The recent terror attack on the Santa its source, whenever it has come.• We Linus Pauling Monica Civic Center Rosenberg rally, are aware, from long and painful ex­ Mountain View, Calif the Socialist Workers Party office, and perience across the country, that an the Unidos bookstore pose a threat assault on individual freedom any­ Shocked at outbreak of political vio­ to all who seek to exercise their First where is an attack on human dignity lence. Urge maximum effort to cap­ Amendment rights of political expres­ everywhere. We are heartened when ture terrorists and prevent future out­ sion.... others view assaults on human rights breaks. Lucy Fried, coordinator, Coalition for as seriously as do we. Michael Harrington Economic Survival in Los Angeles, n was with great sorrow that I read and Larry Gross, assistant coordi­ JOHN T. WILLIAMS: Los Angeles Team­ of the most recent attack upon the .... An immediate investigation of nator ster leader adds voice to protest. Socialist Workers Party office in Los this bombing is imperative. Stop the Angeles. Any bombing is horrible, murdering. I urge you to apprehend the terrorist whether Americans in Vietnam, or lun­ Carole L. Banks, vice-president, bomber of the Socialist Workers Party department has been less than diligent atic fringe elements in this country. Cleveland chapter, National Orga­ before innocent people are killed. in pursuing the perpetrators of such I was particularly disturbed since I nization for Women Margaret Russel, American Postal atrocities. However, we hope that un­ know that the current principal effort Workers Union, AFL-CIO der your regime there will be a greater of the unit in Los Angeles is the sup­ ,. The bombing of the office of the So­ Ypsilanti, Mich. effort to stop such outrages and deal port of the school desegregation efforts cialist Workers Party is deplorable. with the criminals involved. in Boston and Pasadena.... Request every effort be made to appre­ . ... Demand a full investigation of Our experience in the South has been I am glad to know that you and hend perpetrators of this dastardly this attack leading to the apprehen­ that attacks on the left are usually fol­ your staff have already initiated in­ act. sion of the would-be murderers. lowed by attacks on Black people and vestigations about alleged non-action Colorado Civil Rights Commission Associated Students of University of other minorities, since Red-baiting and of law enforcement officials in pur- Denver, Colo. California, Berkeley

THE MILITANT/FEBRUARY 21, 1975 5 Camejo opens national tour, condemns FBI harassment of campaign supporter By CINDY JAqi!ITH workers government, where decisions COLUMBUS, Ga.-Peter Camejo, the are based on human needs," he said. Socialist Workers Party candidate for Camejo emphasized in his speech U.S. president, denounced FBI ha­ the importance of the busing struggle rassment of socialist campaign sup­ in Boston. "Boston has always had pqrters in southwest Georgia at a news a racist busing plan," he explained. conference Feb. 10. The socialist can­ "They used to have busing in Boston didate traveled here as part of a to keep the best schools all white and 10-day visit- to the South, the first stop to keep the worst schools all Black. on a three-month campaign tour. Then. all of a sudden a judge ruled Columbus, which is located near the that they must have desegregation and Alabama border, has always had a that Black children must have the conservative reputation. However, in right to go to decent schools. recent years it has seen antiwar pro­ "All of a sudden, it's front-page tests on the part of G Is stationed at news- there's busing! Well, there had nearby Ft. Benning, and activity in been busing all along, only it used support of socialist candidates. to be racist busing. · At his news conference, Camejo in­ "Now, people like Ford come out ·troduced Martha Shockey, who detail­ and say they're opposed to busing. ed FBI attempts to frighten her away Well, how come he wasn't against from socialist activity. busing when there. was racist busing?" "I was born and raised ·in Colum­ Several student~ at the meeting ask­ bus." Shockey said, "and I was taught ed how the socialists would end rac­ in the Muscogee County schools that ism. Militant/Cindy Jaquith "The first thing we would do," said every citizen has the right to express Speaking at Columbus, Go., news conference ore (left to right) Martha Shockey, whose Camejo, ''is enforce the law of the land. political beliefs, no matter what they employer was visited by FBI; SWP presidential candidate Peter Camejo; und Mary There is a law on the books that says are. This right is protected under the Nell Bockman of Young Socialist Alliance. Constitution. segregated school systems are uncon­ "However," she continued, "last stitutional, yet there is segregation in spring, when I helped arrange a meet­ I wrote a letter of protest to my con­ that G:amejo would not arrive in town most school systems in this country. ing at Columbus College for Vince gressman, Jack Brinkley, and even the until late in the afternoon, apparently "The U.S. Constitution says that Eagan, the SWP candidate for gover­ letter of reply he sent had been opened in hopes of sabotaging the news con­ Blacks have a right to equal housing. nor of Georgia, strange things began by the FBI!" ference, scheduled for the morning. We would take these racist real estate to happen to me. The SWP and the Young Socialist Camejo also addressed a meeting of owners and lock them up if they re­ "My mail was delayed. I received Alliance have filed a suit against il­ 85 students here at Columbus Col­ fused to rent to Blacks." letters that had been torn open and legill government harassment and sur­ lege. He focused his talk on the social­ then resealed." veillance. ist solutions to unemployment and in­ "This suit demands that the govern­ flation, and the struggle against rac­ Equality on the iob FBI visit ment stop its attempts to prevent us ism. 'We would enforce equality on the "Then, on Nov. 11, 1974, a local from campaigning," said Camejo. He "In 1776 we had a revolution to end job and equality in pay. To end unem­ FBI agent by the name of Mr. Rose explained that the harassment in Co­ rule by aristocracy," he told the stu­ ployment we would institute a nation­ went to my employer at United Par­ lumbus is part of a pattern of attacks. dents. "But today we are ruled by the al public works program. We would cel Service and told him I was a mem­ 'We requested the right to address Gis Rockefellers, the Du Ponts, the Mel­ have preferential hiring for Blacks, ber of a 'subversive' organization, im­ at Ft. Benning today and we were re­ Ions, the Kennedys, all of whom were other minorities, and women, to help plying that I was part of something fused. Last week in Atlanta, President millionaires the day they 'were born. them overcome centuries of oppres­ illegal. Ford had me arrested when I tried We have an aristocracy by birth. sion." "The purpose of this," Shockey to present the sociali~t program at 'Would we ever vote to have mil­ Camejo hilS spent most ofhis.t@El. charged, "was to have me fired, to his economic conference.. lions unemployed?" Camejo asked. in the Southeast campaigning in At­ intimidate me, to deprive me of my "And in Los Angeles, my campaign "Would we ever vote to have 12 lanta, where he spoke to students at right to freedom of expression." headquarters was the target of a percent inflation? No, the decisions on Georgia State University (GSU) and Shockey, who belongs to Teamsters murderous bomb attack on Feb. 4, economic policy in this country are Atlanta Junior College, and was th~ Local 728, said her membership in carried out by Nazis," he said. not made by us. They are made by the featured speaker at a Feb. 8 SWP the union prevented her from being After hearing this, a Black woman rich, who make decisions on the basis campaign rally. fired. reporter revealed that the local · of profit~. The rally, attended by 85 support­ "I might add," she continued, "th.at Columbus police had spread a rumor "What we socialists advocate is a Continued on page 22

SWP candidate arrested at Ford conference ATLANTA- A hearing has been set ference at which President Ford was However, in a curt rejection letter, program to provide jobs for all. for Feb. 18 for Socialist Workers speaking. the Chamber of Commerce said tpat A member of the White House staff, Party presidential candidate Peter Ca­ Arrested with Camejo was State Rep­ the conference would not be "a forum James Gilday, arrived to talk with mejo, who was arrested here on resentative Hosea Williams, the head for political candidates." Nevertheless, Camejo and Williams. He insisted that charges of "disorderly conduct" and of the Atlanta Southern Christian several capitalist presidential candi­ the schedule was ''too tight" for the "criminal trespass" Feb. 3 when he Leadership Conference (SCLC); Ram dates did get invited, including Gerald views of Camejo and Williams to be tried to present the Bill of Rights for Rattan; and James Brown. Charges Ford and George Wallace. heard. However, he finally agreed to Working People to the economic con- have since been dropped against Rat­ On Feb. 3 Camejo joined a picket check with Ford's staff. He told every­ tan. line outside the Regency Hyatt hotel, one to wait until his return. At a well-attended news conference where the conference took place. Dem­ Instead, after a half-hour wait, the the following day, Camejo told report­ onstrators included supporters of the White House sent back assistant po­ ers: "This shows how the Ford ad­ SWP campaign, SCLC activists, and lice director Eldrin Bell, who told the ministration treats dissident views. We members of the Atlanta Anti-Repres­ group they were about to be arrested asked for time to present our propos­ sion Coalition. for "trespassing." als, and Ford gave us a jail cell in­ At the conclusion of the picket, stead." Camejo and Williams led a delegation The four arrestees were cordoned off The economic conference was the inside the hotel to demand that the by secret-service agents and local cops first in a series Ford is holding in an conference permit alternative pro­ and were led out to a waiting police attempt to boost sagging public con­ grams to be heard. van. fidence in his economic policies. "I am here to present the Bill of A report that appeared in the Feb. 6 Rights for Working People to this con­ Great Speckled Bird indicates that the The Georgia Socialist Workers cam­ ference," Camejo stated, as a crowd of White House staff directly intervened paign committee had written to the lo­ reporters gathered in the hotel lobby. to make sure the protesters were ar­ cal Chamber of Commerce, the host 'We call for the right to a job, for rested. The Bird stated: "The .Police of the event, to request that Camejo" decent education, health care, and the Department claims that, when first be invited to present the socialist pro­ workers' right to decide economic and asked to make the arrest, they de­ gram to end inflation and unemploy­ political policy." clined, citing Williams' legislative im­ ment. The letter noted that "as a presi­ Williams said that he had come to munity. When pressured by the Secret dential candidate Mr. Camejo should introduce the "Poor People's Mani­ Service, however, they complied and Mil,itan,f/Cindy be given the same right to present festo." The manifesto calls for raising carted off the two in a paddy wagon." Camejo and civil rights leader Hosea his party's program for solving the and extending unemployment compen­ When contacted by The Militant, the Will~oms speak out against their White current economic crisis" as other sation, reducing the cost of food police department refused to confirm House-ordered arrests. candidates for the office. stamps, and starting an immediate or deny this report.

6 Desegregating the schools so that Blacks can get Secondly, it is the wrong approach to winning an equal education does not solve the general whites to unite with Blacks in a common struggle. Last of a series problem of improving the educational system a~ It is wrong because it tells Blacks to postpone the By WENDY LYONS a whole. But no preconditions should be placed fight for better education for themselves until whites The National Student Conference Against Racism, on support to the right of Blacks to an equal are ready to struggle for a better educational system meeting in Boston Feb. 14-16, will discuss plans education. It is a fundamental democratic right for all. for further actions to roll back the racist offensive that must be supported unconditionally. In order to win real quality education for all against Black rights, epitomized by the violent From the time of the defeat of Reconstruction working-class youth, it will take a mass united struggle of Black and white parents, students, and resistance to court-ordered school desegregation after the Civil War until 1954, schools were seg­ teachers demanding a substantial increase in funds in Boston. regated by law. The racists argued that there was for education from the federal and state govern­ Some people who agree with the need to oppose no difference between the Black and white schools­ ments. racism are uncomfortable with focusing attention they were "separate but equal," they said. This Such a united struggle will never take place while on the present school desegregation struggle in concept was even sanctioned by the Supreme Court. "quality education" for many whites means keeping Boston. But the whole purpose of Jim Crow segregation Blacks in inferior schools while the whites hang Some ask, "Since all the schools in Boston, in laws was to keep Blacks down. This was recognized on to the privilege of going to slightly better both the white and Black neighborhoods, are so by the historic 1954 Supreme Court decision of rotten, what good will desegregation do?" Brown v. Board of Educatio11, which outlawed schools. The Black community in Boston has shown that Others ask, "Doesn't the struggle for desegregated segregated schools. The court ruled that segregated it is ready to wage a concerted campaign for im­ proved education. Black students are facing lynch mobs in their determination to get a better edu­ cation. The problem· is among whites infected with . racism. This cannot be wished away by abstract Busing strugg~ calls for unity between Black and white to fight for better education for all. Whites must be won to support the struggle for equal education for Blacks, instead of being obsta­ cles in that struggle, before there can be unity No 'quality education' around fighting for better education for all. Unity on any other basis would deny the rights of the Black community. How to win allies without equal education The way to win whites who now follow the leader­ ship of the racists is not to adapt to the abstract demagogy of "quality education," but to build a powerful movement that wages an uncompromising schools just stir up trouble between Black and schools were inherently unequal- that the whole struggle to defend the right of Boston's Black com­ white parents and students? Shouldn't they be de­ purpose of segregated education was to maintain munity to an equal education. manding better schools for all instead of fighting and perpetuate inequality. The sooner whites learn that the Black community among themselves for the crumbs of an inferior On the twentieth anniversary of this decision, in will not relinquish its rights and that the idea of educational system?" response to a suit filed by the Boston NAACP, achieving a better education for themselves at the Both of these questions note that there is a gen­ a federal court found the Boston school committee expense of Blacks is a dead end- the better. Only eral problem with the school system in Boston. guilty of consciously maintaining a dual school when this happens will there be the basis for mov- It is true that there is not one school in Boston system "for the purpose of promoting racial seg­ that really fulfills the educational needs of its stu­ regation." Since this was clearly a violation of the dents. While Boston has one of the worst school constitutional rights of Blacks, the court ordered systems, its problems are a reflection of the general the Boston schools desegregated through the use crisis of education in this society. of busing. There, as elsewhere, all students are victimized This reassertion of the fundamental right of Black by lack of funding for schools, bilingual programs, people to an equal education has met with a cam­ and educational materials. Classesareovercrowded paign of racist violence. and much of what is taught is irrelevant or down­ Black students being bused into white neighbor­ right harmful, such as textbooks that portray op­ hoods have been stoned, and residents of the Black pressed minorities and women as inferior. Stu­ community passing through white neighborhoods dents, teachers, and parents have virtually no have been beaten up. On Dec. 11, more than 100 control over the decisions regarding education. Black students were trapped inside South Boston But within this generally inadequate system, there High School by a lynch mob out for blood. are inequalities. As bad as all the schools are, the The major problem facing the Black community schools in the Black community are the worst off. in Boston and all supporters of Black rights today That is what the struggle for school desegrega­ is how to beat back this savage campaign and es­ tion is all about- ending this inequality. Deseg­ tablish the right to equal education. regation is a means of equalizing education among Blacks and whites, and thus improving the edu­ 'Quality· educatJon' cation that Blacks receive. The racist antibusing forces are doing eveey­ thing they can to divert attention from the real issue in Boston-equal education. One of their fa­ vorite tricks is to counterpose •quality education" to desegregation. Militant/Mary Ja He•~driebctn President Ford, who has shown his deep con­ Black students at Dec. 14 freedom march in BostOA. cern about education by cutting back federal edu­ Fight for equal education can win others to mass move­ cational funds, is for ""quality education" instead ment to defeat racism. of busing. Louise Day Hicks, who presided over the de­ cay of the entire Boston school system as head of ing on to united struggles around other issues such the school committee, is for "quality education" as a general improvement in education for an. instead of desegregation. This mistaken idea, that the only way to win These hypocrites and the white racist mobs who whites who now follow the racists is by playing follow them put forth no proposals for bettering down the demand for Black rights and coming any of the schools. All the talk about "quality up with some demands the whites can agree with,· education" is simply a cover for racist opposition flows from a pessimistic 'l(iew of our ability to to the democratic right of Black people to an equal change people's minds. H they are incapable of education. It is a subterfuge to take the spotlight being won to supporting the struggle of the Black off of the real issue. community for equal education, then they are in­ In the face of this, the antiracist forces must do capable of waging a successful struggle for quality everything in their power to keep the spotlight education or any other social change. on the real issue. We must organize a campaign But this is not the case. We should have con­ to defend desegregation. Our job is to keep the fidence in our ability to organize a powerful move­ buses rolling. ment that will win even many of those who now Unfortunately, there has been some adaptation follow the racists. to the pressure of the reactionaries' campaign Just as the earlier civil rights movement wo11 among antiracist forces. Some have takenthedema­ masses of people to the justice of its cause, and just gogy about "quality education" for good coin. as the antiwar movement W()n a majority of Ameri~ They feel that perhaps if we don't focus on de­ cans to opposing the war, we too can win a major­ segregation so much and talk more about quality ity. education ourselves, we can win over some whites The National Student Conference Against Racism who are now under the influence of the racists. can play a key role in building such a national Hermes This would be a costly mistake. In the firs~ movement by launching a campaign of street dem­ Antibusing movement's slogan of 'quality education' place, it would play into the hands of the racists onstrations, community meetings, and teach-ins· is only a cover for opposition to equal education for by giving legitimacy to their claim that the issue to keep the spotlight on the struggle for deseg­ Blacks. in Boston is not racism but "quality education." regation in Boston, and to keep the buses rolling.

THE MILITANT/FEBRUARY 21, 1975 7 N.Y. meeting_grotests seg.rggation The battle over school busing: Black More than 500 people attended a Feb. 7 forum passed in many Southern states.] The concept was that by replacing junior high at Columbia University in New York City sponsor­ He's essentially contending that so long as ra­ schools with intermediate schools, thus changing ed by the National Student Conference Against cially segregated schools are separate, and equally the entry grade into the middle schools to the fifth Racism organizing committee. The topic of the inferior, there's no need to integrate them, and that grade, and then constructing new intermediate forum was "Little Rock-1957; Boston-1975." even the intentional segregation demonstrated in schools, integration would result. The meeting was both a protest of the govern­ Boston is not amenable to legal force. The new prototype was to be intermediate school ment-backed attacks against the rights of Blacks But most striking is the eagerness with which 201, to be built in central Harlem. The Harlem and a part of the mobilizing effort for the con­ Shanker accepts the mantle handed down by the community demanded, and the board of education ference scheduled at Boston University the follow­ Southern power brokers within the Democratic Par- pledged, that the new school would be integrated ing weekend. ty. 50-50. We are publishing excerpts from three of the Historically, the modern Democratic Party has But when construction was completed, and the presentations made at the forum. managed an uneasy partnership, an uneasy rela­ school was about to open, the board suddenly in­ The first is by Luis Fuentes, who was the first tionship of Southern conservatives and Northern formed the Harlem community board that 201 liberals. But it was the Southerners who nego­ would be "integrated 50-50"-50 percent Black, Puerto Rican superintendent of a New York City tiated the party's silence on civil rights. And it 50 percent Puerto Rican! school district. He was suspended from that post was that partnership and that silence that kept This incredible insult led to the explosion around last fall in a racist purge carried out by supporfers things going for the party for so many decades. 201, from which the struggles of Ocean Hill and of Albert Shanker, who control the majority of the Now Shanker and the labor autocrats are bar- the Lower East Side have emerged. [In 1968, Distrid 1 school board. gaining for a new version of that old silence. The Shanker led the teachers union in a racist strike The second speech is by Nathaniel Jones, gen­ thrust of Shanker's New York Times article is: against the right of the Black and Puerto Rican eral counsel of the NAACP. "Let's not upset the rednecks. Let's not press the community of Ocean Hill-Brownsville to control The third is by Dr. Kenneth Clark, the only issue too hard. Let's not tamper with the Demo­ their schools.] Black member of the New York state board of cratic coalition by introducing extraneous issues But these struggles did not represent the abandon­ regents. that would divide it." ment of integration. Rather we're now fighting for other adivists in the fight against racism also What Shanker winds up saying in his New York education with a double-edged sword. spoke at the Columbia meeting. Among them were Times column is that instead of integration con­ Indeed it was the same community, Ocean Hill Reverend Timothy Mitchell, of the New York City frontations, civil rights actions should now begin Brownsville, which was the focus of both the 1968- Council of Churches; Reverend Wilbert Miller, a aiming at some fair allocation of educational re­ 69 community-control battle, and the focus of prob­ leader of the Canarsie school desegregation strug­ sources. In a word, Shanker takes apartheid as ably the one real integration struggle that we've gle in 1972; James Breheny, a writer for Irish a given, and he says, "Let's equalize the financing had in this city in the past eight years, the struggle People; Jonathan Kozol, the award-winning author of both ends of a racially divided school system." in Canarsie in 1972. of Death at an Early Age; and Robert Harper, one [In the fall of 1972, parents in the Black and of the national coordinators of the student con­ Shanker's hypocrisy Puerto Rican Tilden Housing project demanded ference. Even this statement is hypocrisy, because it is that their children be allowed to enroll in schools In addition, U.S. Representatives Bella Abzug, Shanker who forces the New York City school in a predominantly white school district in Can­ Herman Badillo, and Charles Rangel sent mes­ system to allocate its funds to the community dis­ arsie, instead of being forced to attend inferior, sages to the meeting. tricts based not on any equitable formula, but on overcrowded, and racially segregated schools. Mter the salaries of teachers and staff working in those mobilizations by the parents and counterdemon­ districts. strations by white racists, a limited number of the This means that the white, well-to-do districts children succeeded in enrolling in the white school in this city receive substantially greater allocations district.] than poor Black and Brown districts. The same people were involved, and we knew Luis Fuentes: And I can assure you that Mr. Shanker has no that the busing of the 32 Tilden Houses children intention of changing that formula. Instead, what to Canarsie was wholly compatible with the trans­ Shanker attempts to do is to place community ferring of 20 lousy teachers from Ocean Hill-Browns­ 'Boston and control against integration. ville. In each case the search was a search to find Those of us involved in the community-control some way to find someone who would educate struggle have learned from the past eight years our children. District 1 are that Shanker will resist each of these movements And that search continues. It's not going to take and will definitely stand up against community a break for recession. It will not be sacrificed to efforts to change local schools. what the labor autocracy calls its "liberal-labor sister struggles' He crushed the efforts in Ocean Hill-Brownsville coalition." I was asked to talk tonight about the relationship in 1968, an effort to reshape the professional staff In this city, at this time we are pressing forward between the struggle for community control of there. And in the Lower East Side, his union, and as extensions- not contradictions- to what is hap­ public education now being waged in District 1 his union alone, has used all of its power and all pening in Boston. What happens in Bostonhappens on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, and the of its wealth to impose on a district whose schools to all of us. struggle for integrated public education now oc­ are 95 percent nonwhite an all-white school board curring in the streets of Boston. majority beholden to his 93 percent white union, The relationship is often described by the media and sworn to defend the schools from the parents as a contradiction. Community control and in­ whose children attend those schools: Nathaniel. Jones: tegration movements are described by the media Make no mistake about it- Shanker wants white as the antithesis of each other. control of white schools to keep us out But he also But in fact, they're brother and sister movements, wants control of our schools to keep the salaries 'Continue, expand with the same goal- the education of Black and and the contracts that flow from them right where Brown children- and the same enemy- white ra­ they are today-in his community and in his pock­ cism. et. student effort In case you have any doubts about that, I'd There is a story to the birth of this city's com­ like to start with my own personal barometer of munity-control movement. It started in 1966. Under white racism in New York City, Albert Shanker. the. pressure of the civil rights movement, the New .against racism' Two weeks age, Mr. Shanker, the president of York City board of education came up with several Those of us who have been in this school de­ this city's teachers union [United Federation of­ devices which they claimed were mechanisms to fos­ segregation struggle since 1970 have had some Teachers] wrote a column in the New York Times ter integration. One of these was the intermediate lonely times. Because prior to the eruption in Bos­ on the question of Boston racism. And he made the schools. ton, it was not considered newsworthy, fashionable, following points: He said that Boston is not like Little Rock, because the Boston court decision attempts to force integration within a unitary school system, while the Little Rock decision integrated two racially sep­ arate systems. He also says that in Little Rock the white schools were clearly superior to the Black schools in their educational programs and facilities, while South Boston High is educationally indistinguishable from Roxbury High. He also points out that the issues of busing and integration hurt Democratic candidates in 1972, and could possibly destroy electoral opportunities for what Shanker calls the "liberal-labor alliance." Traditional racist arguments Inside each of Shanker's arguments are all the historic crutches of American racism. Shanker has actually returned to the nineteenth century, and he's now rearguing Plessy v. Ferguson. [Plessy v. Ferguson was the 1896 Supreme Court decision Luis Fuentes speaks outside District 1 school during boycott last fall. Fuentes told Feb. 7 forum that community that upheld segregationist laws that had been control and desegregation are both means to obtain better education for oppressed minorities.

8 and Puerto Rican leaders speak out that it was important to have the policy, and that if we tried to implement the policy we would have disruption and disturbances. Rockefeller attacks busing About two years ago, when Mr. Nixon started making statements about how detrimental busing was, then-governor Rockefeller- now vice-president of the United States- sent a message to the board of regents asking the board to reconsider its busing and integration policy. When that message was received my colleagues did in fact reconsider their busing policy and strengthened it. The board wrote back to Mr. Rockefeller a very strong message that said it was for integration for the schools, and that it felt that desegregation of the schools could only come about by the use of all reasonable and rational methods, of which busing was one. Governor Rockefeller was disturbed, and at that session of the state legislature, antibusing legisla­ tion was passed. Part of crowd of 500 at Columbia University national student conference forum Militant/Flax Hermes But a more important thing was done. The Re­ publican leadership of both houses decided that all new members of the board of regents would be or in vogue to contend that the Constitution of turned tail and run on that Detroit decision if interviewed, and that thei:c opinions and attitudes the United States applied to the rights of Black there had not been the climate of hysteria against about integration and busing would be the critical children in the North as much as it did in the busing. determinant of whether they would be elected to South. The court limited busing in Detroit to the city the board. But there were those who carried on, beginning limits. But why are the suburbs excluded? The The last four new members were elected to the with our suit against the Detroit school board in suburbs are excluded because the climate created board because they satisfied the Republican leader­ 1970, which led to a historic decision by a federal in this country caused the Supreme Court to draw ship of the New York State legislature that they judge that was affirmed by the court of appeals. its punch. would reverse existing regents' policy on integra­ In the wake of that case came a number of And so I think it's ve-ry important that all of us tion and busing and that they would see to it that other decisions, one of which was the Boston case. recognize the relationship that exists between school existing directives for desegregation of schools were What is significant for all of us to understand about desegregation and affirmative action. Because these not implemented- which to me seemed unnecessary this entire thrust for desegregation is that it is things,. are tied together. When the evil of racism since they weren't being implemented anyway. inextricably tied up with the total thrust for liber­ 1s able to penetrate one area and corrode one The fact is that as of now, the New York State ation by minority people in this country. link in a chain, the entire chain is weakened, and board of regents is a political subcommittee of the You know, the cases in the South involved merely we are weakened accordingly. state legislature on the matter of race. an attack upon a statute or a constitutional pro­ I would urge that we continue to carry the mes­ The majority of the board of regents are com­ vision, which on its face declared that there should sage forward and not get hung up on these euphe­ mitted to political figures to vote against busing, be segregation. But things are more complicated misms, not get hung up an whether we like husing to vote against integration, and to tie the hands of in the North. You are dealing with state statutes or don't like busing. Because busing is hereto stay, the commissioner of education if he dares to at­ and state constitutions that expressly prohibit seg­ whether you know it or not. We'veh!tdit and we're tempt to enforce desegregation in any community regation. going to continue to have it. in New York State.

Pull sheets off Protest regents' decision So in order to bring a court around to issuing What can you do about it? the type of orders that have been issued in Boston, Nate Jones and some other lawyers and I have you have to sort of pull the sheets off the practices been meeting since the last meeting of the board and policies of those school boards and other pub­ Kenneth Clark: of regents, and we are drawing up a complaint lic agencies, policies which have had the effect to take the board of regents into the federal courts. of prostituting the constitution and the rights of Finally, this evening every speaker mentioned minorities. That is what we succeeded in doing in 'Regents to blame the South and the effective methods which we used all of these cases. to develop a momentum for change in the South, School boards come along with their neighbor­ not only for desegregation of the schools, but also hood attendance patterns built along the lines of for N.Y. school for removing the more flagrant manifestations of racially segregated neighborhoods, so that the crude racism in the South. schools would reflect the racial composition of the segregation' And it's true that in the South the initiative came neighborhoods. I will tell you briefly how the New York State from litigation. But the legislation that makes the And the courts have now come to the conclusion board of regents effectively maintains, encourages, litigation really function came out of demonstra­ that these types of policies have been guilty of and supports racial segregation in the public tions, came out of the fact that this society was perpetuating segregation. schools of New York State. confronted with large numbers of people assum­ Now when we do this in the North we get all In 1963, the late James Allen, former commis­ ing the risk of defying illegalities. kinds of flack, talk about how Northerners don't sioner of education in the state of New York, ap­ I will conclude my comments to you by saying want their kids bused. They believe in "neighbor­ pointed a commission to make a study of the trend that the board of regents will meet in Albany Feb. hood s~hools." But in all these cases we've demon­ of segregated schools in New York City and to ad­ 19-21. I think it would be very effective if your strated that these school boards follow a neigh­ vise him and the board of regents as to what committee would organize students from colleges borhood attendance pattern until the neighborhood could be done about it. all over the metropolitan region, or the state, to begins to change. Then they allow whites to opt That commission made a very careful study march on Albany, to tell those people that you out and select their schools. and published a report, and gave it to Commis­ are ashamed of what they have done, that you It's becoming increasingly apparent to more and sioner Allen and the board of regents. And that demand that they reverse this disgrace and abom­ more people in this country that we have been report became the basis for a positive intergration ination. victimized by a national anti-Black strategy, which policy, which the board of regents adopted in had as its objective the slowing down of the ad­ 1963 and communicated to boards of education vance the minorities have been making in the throughout the state. Four times since 1963 the previous decade. board restated its positive integration policy. I was elected [by the state legislature] to the Blacks & Watergate board of regents in 1967. And my colleagues view­ You know, we've heard a lot about Watergate. ed my presence as a basis for reaffirming, al­ But Black folk knew in 1969 and 1970 they were most every other meeting, the positive integration being deceived. Blacks were Watergated long be­ policy- until I became suspicious. fore John Dean, long before the Watergate hearings. Because it wasn't very long before it became When we had a president get on TV and say that clear to me, a culturally disadvantaged minority, he was opposed to the forced integration of the that the board of regents was using its integra­ suburbs, we knew we were being Watergated. tion policy at that time as an· excuse for not im­ Because Watergate to us means the systematic plementing the policy. undermining of the constitutional rights of citizens. This taught me something important about the And that's been occurring to Black people his­ Northern form of racism and segregation- that torically and certainly in the early 1970 s. words were a substitute for action. I would urge you to lend every support to this That was my complaint about the board of student movement. Expand it. Because what hap­ regents until a year ago, namely that we had a pens outside the courtroom is as important as very strong integration policy, which we systemati­ Kenneth Clark, only Black member of New York state what happens inside the courtroom. Because with­ cally did nothing about. board of regents, urged demonstrations to protest re­ out question, the Supreme Court would not have And every time that point was raised, I was told cent antideseg regation decision by board.

THE MILITANT/FEBRUARY 21, 1975 9 In Our Opinion Letters Prospects for fight Keep it up hospitals profited by receiving Wow! I just finished the Feb. 7 is­ Medi-Cal (state health insurance) sue, and it is definitely one of the payments for their "treatment." against racism The "patients" were forcibly kept best ever. Cindy Jaquith's Washing­ in the hospitals by locking them up The following is a statement by Socialist Workers Party ton column is a real plus. It will presidential candidate Peter Camejo addressed to partici­ enable us to keep a close eye on when they tried to leave, drugging the real criminals. I also thought them, and telling them the court pants in the Feb. 14-16 National Student Conference Against had ordered them to serve 90-day Racism. the coverage of unemployment was especially good. s.entences in a medical facility. Staff And Peter Camejo's cover state­ members made sure the "patients" I am in full solidarity with the aims of the National Student ment really illustrated how a peo­ weren't rescued by listening in on ple's government can work. My their phone calls and reading their Conference Against Racism. mail. This conference, significantly, takes place on the tenth anni­ friends, once illustrious Democrats, read that and said, "So that's As a result of this 'helpful treat­ versary of one of the most important chapters of the earlier what you mean by a workers gov­ ment," some of the "patients" had civil rights movement-the fight of Blacks for the right to ernment." One even agreed to vote allergic reactions to the drugs used, vote in Alabama, which culminated in the Selma-to-Mont­ for Camejo on the basis of it. and a couple actually died. Eleven gomery march in March 1965. That struggle holds lessons I know I've said it before, but hospitals and five doctors are for the struggle centered in Boston today. The Militant is the best newspaper now being sued. I was on the Selma march, and I remember the great around. Keep it up, and so will I. When the news broke, reporters power it had. Supporters of civil rights from across the Maureen Michael asked Weldon about the case, Grand Rapids, Mich. and he said he had wanted to "try country streamed into Selma to march alongside Black Ala­ to help the guys out." That sounds bama citizens who had dared to defy Governor George W al­ like the old Vietnam war excuse, lace and the whole local police force. 'We had to burn the place down to A wave of sympathy demonstrations swept through virtual­ save the village." ly every major city in the country-with 25,000 gathering Donation Evelyn Sell on the Boston Common, and 25,000 taking to the streets Joyous congratulations on Los Angeles, Calif. in Harlem. The overwhelming demand was that federal opening the Washington, D. C., of­ troops occupy Alabama to protect Black people in exercising fice. Enclosed is a contribution of ~ their constitutional rights. One result of this struggle was the $20 toward building the Washington Worthy cause Voting Rights Act of 1965. office. I want to commend you and your At Selma 10 years ago, Black people used mass, direct Juan Martinez staff for the dynamite job you are action to force the eyes of this entire country- and of the San Francisco, Calzf doing with The Militant. It has been world- onto the U.S. government's refusal to protect the of great help to me in my self-teach­ right of Blacks to vote. ings of how to deal with a cruel Today the antiracist movement focused on Boston needs and corrupt system suth as the the same kind of perspective that the Black people of Ala­ Please do big prison that "Rocky and friends" We are writing in regard to an "In bama had. have set up out there in a not-so­ Brief" item in your Jan. 31 issue, The goal of this conference is very ambitious: to organize free world. in which you had a small write-up a fight for the right of Blacks to equal education. This means Please renew my subscription, for about Los Barrios reprinting articles it's such a worthy cause, defeating defeating the organized campaign of the racists to sabotage from The Militant. court-ordered school desegregation by terrorizing Black stu­ the people who oppress us. The Militant is a very informative Keep on in the struggle. dents and stopping the buses from bringing them to school. and educational paper, and since This conference can launch an ongoing campaign to build A prisoner we are among the only ones Massachusetts a massive national response to the racists, a response that around here that receive your the government cannot ignore. It can launch a campaign publication, we like to -share the of education and action that will bring to bear the power news with the rest of the people. of the Black masses and their allies when they unite in ac­ So, we hope you don't mind if we The best continue reprinting your articles. tion, the power that was so vividly demonstrated in Selma I would like to renew my sub­ Los Barrios 10 years ago. scription to The Militant for one Hondo, Tex. The stakes in the Boston desegregation struggle are high. year, and I would like to remind Last fall, when the racist mobs were running wild in Boston, you that The Militant has got to be [We are glad to have Militant the most informative Marxist-socialist this ·gave confidence to reactionaries of all stripes-from articles reprinted. We do request, news paper around- the best. racist employers, to killer-cops, to the politicians and trade­ however, that credit be given to Thanks for publishing a news­ union bureaucrats. President Ford gave his blessing to the The Militant when this is done.] racists, and the Democratic Party politicians were either paper that speaks on behalf of victims that suffer under a rotten silent or sided with the racists as well. and oppressive system known as But the prospects for organizing an antiracist offensive "capitalism." For the benefit of are good. There is growing recognition around the country James T. Farrell humanity, let's destroy it and form of the importance of stopping the Boston racists-from the I am writing a life of James T. a socialist world. Puerto Rican parents fighting for a say over their children's Farrell and will appreciate receiving A student education in New York City's District 1; to the Black acti­ biographical information of any Tracy, Calif. vists fighting for the arrest of killer-cops in Port Arthur, kind about him. Letters, or copies Tex.; to the Black community and bus drivers fighting for of letters, to and from Farrell will school desegregation and adequate funding in Pasadena, be promptly acknowledged and Calif. returned. More sources There are prospects for winning other allies as well. Edgar Branch The Militant is doing a great job 4810 Bonham Rd. for the revolution by bringing The school desegregation struggle is taking place in a con­ Oxford, Ohio 45056 consciousness to the people. text of deepening economic and social crisis. Millions have Although your work is great, it been throWn off their jobs. Social benefits have been slashed. could be improved a great deal if The standard of living of all working people is being ground all the sources of your information · down in other more hidden ways. The real cheats were stated. If this is done, The As the Boston struggle reflects, one of the by-products We often hear complaints about Militant will be stronger, and the of the economic crisis is the erosion of human rights. Dis­ "welfare cheats," with blame at­ people who are just opening their crimination in hiring and firing means that the unemployed tached to women who have too eyes will have an opportunity to lines are filled with Blacks and other oppressed minorities. many babies and people who refuse check any of the realities of cap­ The stepped-up use of racism is also reflected in the reaction­ to work. Some rip-off artists were italism that they think are impossible to believe. ary campaign against foreign-born workers-the so-called exposed in Los Angeles recently, and they weren't poverty-stricken J.A. illegal aliens- who are treated as if they were aliens to the Rhode Island human race. mothers or lazy bums. These wide-ranging attacks on working people and on One case was the game played by Charles Weldon, a data processing civil rights are giving rise to the rumblings of resistance. employee. This resistance will, in turn, strengthen the school desegre­ A Los Angeles court released 44 Real· inflation gation struggle. elderly alcoholics to Weldon, who In 1945 there were 12.1 million Just as in the civil rights movement of the 1960s, this posed as the representative of a U.S. men under arms; in 1975, conference shows that students and young people are taking phony senior citizens counciL He there will be about 2.1 million U.S. the lead in organizing to fight back against the racists. I virtually kidnapped these men and troops on active duty. Yet the num­ hail your determination and pledge the support of my party placed them in hospitals that paid ber of high-ranking officers on the in this fight. Weldon a per-patient fee. The payroll of the n:1tion in 197 5 will

10 National Picket Line Frank Lovell

well surpass that of 30 years agp. Is this not inflationary? Brennan comes in from the cold There are 465,000 land-based Peter Brennan lasted two years as secreta.ry of labor, Nixon tried to use him to further discredit them troops overseas. Is this not infla­ only because it wasn't convenient for his employers in the matter of minimum-wage legislation. tionary? to get rid of him sooner. His appointment to th_e Brennan suffered, also, from a false notion of his The strategic system of the U. S. Watergate cabinet was confirmed by the Senate in position. He thought he was a star instead of a includes enough bombs and missiles February 1973, and Ford called in his resignation benchwarmer to be used on occasion in foul play. to flatten, several times over, the on Feb. 6, 1975. These dates have no other sig­ He was selected to be one of Nixon's "dirty tricks" USSR landscape- as if once was nificance. men, but operating in the open. Like others, he not enough! Is this not inflationary? Apparently Brennan did not know when he would couldn't figure out how to keep from getting caught Plus a budget for fiscal year 197 5 resign, because that came only after his successor, and didn't know exactly what was required of him. of $82. allocated to the 6-billion Professor John Dunlop, had been named. But that He had a difficult assignment, and none of his serious Department of Defense. is not the only thing Brennan was ignorant of dur­ limitations added to Brennan's usefulness on the It is not only inflationary, it is ing his tenure in public office. old Nixon team. He was a minor embarrassment pure madness. He was appointed because Nixon sought "labor from the beginning, one of Nixon's less grievous Mr. Ford asks me to clean my collaboration," providing it was the right kind and "mistakes. n plate. I promise I'll not even waste would serve Nixon's purposes. Brennan was emi­ Six months after becoming ''Mr. Secretary," Bren­ one apple core if Mr. Ford is willing nently qualified in only one of these respects. As nan was still trying to ingratiate himself with the to go to the core of this nation's head of the New York state and city AFL.CIO union bureaucracy. Few doors remained open to inflation: this wormy apple called building-trades councils, Brennan had been an ac­ him, but he managed in September 1973 to get into Department of Defense. tive supporter of the Republican administrations of the New York state AFL-CIO convention. He told the Michele Mooney Governor Rockefeller in New York and had endorsed delegates, "I'm still the same Peter Brennan- I -Los Angeles, Calif. Nixon for president in 1968 and 1972. haven't changed." As if to prove his claim he went He was an outspoken opponent of Blacks and on to say, "You can throw the r~ks from the out- other minorities who tried to break into the con­ . side, but what the hell, that's easy. I'm working on Militant gets around struction industry and gain membership in the build­ the inside." ing-trades unions. In 1970 he served as front man for Few delegates were convinced that he was their You might be interested to know the Nixon-inspired attacks by construction workers "inside man" working to change government policy that a Chicano instructor at on student antiwar demonstrators in New York City's in their favor. They suspected, with cause, that Bren­ Sacramento City College bought 17 Wall Street area. nan was Nixon's agent trying to worm his way copies of the Dec. 13, 1974, Mili­ He appeared to have the support and endorsement back into their good graces. It is not reported what tant with the centerfold article on of the union bureaucracy, with some minor reserva­ the Nixon administration thought of Brennan's ef­ the Texas Raza Unida Party. He tions. At the time of Brennan's appointment, AFL­ forts on this occasion. His standing on the team distributed them to students in his CIO President George Meany allowed that Nixon had probably was not enhanced. classes and to a few MECHA mem­ made a "good" choice. Brennan was the right kind Now that Ford has finally kicked him out, Bren­ bers at the college. of union bureaucrat for Nixon. nan says he plans to return to his old job as head Steve Iverson Brennan proved unable, however, to serve Nixon's of the New York Building and Construction Trades Sacramento, Calif. purposes. He tried. He proudly joined the Nixon team Council. He was elected to a four-year term in 1972 and explained his conduct thereafter as that of a and went with Nixon on the understanding that he "team player." Part of his trouble was that he never could return. But there must be some doubts now Bus drivers knew what the team was doing because they didn't about his qualifications for union membership in tell him. He never understood, either, that it is against view of his Washington performance. The Amalgamated Transit Union, the rules to play on two teams at the same time in Maybe the union bureaucracy will take him back (ATU), which represents Greyhound the same game. He became dimly aware of this after as an experienced "inside" operator, hoping they can bus drivers and municipal drivers in being disavowed by the union bureaucrats when learn something from him. He belongs to them. Detroit and some other cities, seems to be undergoing changes, partly the result of new social and econom­ ic pressures upon the membership. A recent issue of the union paper, In Transit says a cost-of-living By Any Means Necessary adjustment (COLA) is necessary and u~es "that all locals not having such protections should make Baxter Smith COLA a high priority in any future negotiations." In New Jersey the ATU is de­ manding public ownership to replace private ownership, and no or very Government role in housing bias low fares. ATU President Dan Jimmy Huggins dug into his pocket one day last ministration, the General Services Administration, and Maroney says, "The need is to October and fished out a crumpled note that read: various federal financial regulatory agencies as the provide efficient, fast and convenient "We're going to burn you out, nigger. Hope you main culprits. service to all who need it. The cost have insurance, nigger. · The steps these agencies had taken to remedy hous­ should be shared by the overall com­ White vandals had earlier torn up his new home ing ills, the commission charged, "have had little munity ...." in Oak Valley, N.J., and burned a cross on the impact on the country's serious housing discrimina­ Here in Detroit the three ATU lawn. Now they were threatening more. All he wanted tion problem. n locals are beginning to work togeth­ was a place closer to his job. But instead, he took The commission directed most of its fire against er. Also in line with this, ·there are another long look at the note, a long look at his H UD. HUD, however, has not only been lax in several Black churches and com­ wife and five children, and decided it wasn't worth it. housing enforcement; the agency itself is steeped in munity groups forming a transit Huggins is just one of any number of Blacks who scandal. . riders' association. They hope to have faced similar difficulties when trying to move In 1972, 28 HUD employees were indicted for involve drivers and riders in an out of the ghetto. In a warped sense, though, Hug­ fraudulent dealings. By the end of 1972, 1,930 cases advisory board to improve the bus gins was lucky. Unlike most Blacks, he got past of possible housing fraud by the agency were under ·system. the first two impediments- government housing agen­ investigation. These are the first steps toward cies and realtors. Just last month; U.S. District Court Judge Gerhard expanding the system, improving Last August the U. S. Commission on Civil Rights Gesell ordered a halt to the demolition of a public the service, creating more jobs, issued a report sharply critical of federal enforce­ housing proj~t in Washington, D. C. The project, and eliminating fares. ment of housing standards. The commission found which housed mostly Blacks, was being leveled by Steve Beumer that white realtor$ have not only discriminated H UD so that a private developer could put up high­ Detroit Mich. against Black prospective home-buyers, but even cost single-familY homes. Gesell reminded HUD of against Black realtors. its "mission to provide low-income housing ... in White realtors often steer Black buyers to all-Black . a city where it's so desperately needed. n neighborhoods. Local real estate boards, the report Philadelphia Blacks face yet another problem. The said, ha.ve sometimes refused to admit Black brok­ old row homes in the ghetto there were done up, The letters column is an open forum ers, and Black brokers have been denied access to years back, in lead-based paint. for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ lists of homes for sale. eral ·interest to our readers. Please In 1973 a federal court prohibited HUD from sell­ keep your letters brief. Where neces­ Federal housing programs, the report concluded, ing any of them before first removing the paint, sary they will be abridged. Please in­ "often are administered so as to continue rather than which when eaten can cause lead poisoning. dicate if your name may be used or reduce racial segregation." You'd think if the court had any sense it would if you prefer that your initials be used The commission, however, lacks enforcement 'just go ahead and order HUD to clean up those instead. powers. houses and in the meantime order HUD to assist In December, after there had been no federal ac-. tenants and homeowners in removing all lead-based tion, the commission issued an even more strongly paint from ghetto homes. worded report naming the Department of Housing But I guess in this game that's not the way the and Urban Development (HUD), the Veterans Ad- rafters fall.

THE MILITANT/FEBRUARY 21, 1975 11 The Great Society Harry Ring

Consistency is his thing-"Does the the administration of justice in the Local uniformed police immediately coming? No, an official explained. The consumer know how much natural United States." noted a significant drop in the crime increase "has now been completely water is in carrots? Did you know that rate. "Before, we had up to two or justified through inflation," and a re­ an apple is 87. percent water? There's What's so paranoid?-Discl!.ssing the three crimes a day, robberies and bate simply wouldn't be "equitable." nothing wrong with water. Have you psychological toll of the war, a Saigon muggings," an offical said. "Now we ever eaten a dry egg yolk? In our psychiatrist said, "Almost all my have not had a single crime since the Equal exposure-Sandra Bouressa, statement we say we use water nec­ paranoid schizophrenics believe they police were ordered to remain in their one of two recently appointed female essary for proper consistency, and are being followed by the CIA or headquarters." · sergeants-at-arms for the California that's all."-A Gerber spokesperson political police. The simple, uneducat­ state assembly, walked into a base­ explaining their opposition to labels ed ones talk about the political police; Tough Situation- California officials ment room traditionally used by her indicating how much water they put the younger, more educated ones, the said they mistakenly approved a nick­ male counterparts and noted half a in their baby food CIA" el per half-gallon milk-price increase dozen Playboy nude pinups. The next on the basis of inflated projections of day she put up a nude male from Pretty sensitive fellow- Attorney gen­ A good beginning-All 86 of the producers' costs. Surprisingly, the "er­ PlaygirL "Now they're all gone," she eral Edward Levi said he senses "an plainclothes cops in Acapulco, Mex­ roneous" figures were provided by the said. "They took them all down. Men enormous amount of .cynicism about ico, were placed under house arrest. industry. Will a reduction be forth- are such prudes." iLa Raza en AcciOn! Miguel Pendas School segregation: a case study LOS ANGELES- Oxnard is a small farming town seem to understand what these people want They (called La colonia) where all the Chicanos could on the California coast north of Los Angeles. want complete segregation of the white children. be sent. Chicano parents there have sued the board of Why can't that be done?" What kind of schools were built in La colonia? education, demanding that the schools be desegre­ The minutes show that the school board presi­ Former school officials were brought to the wit­ gated. In 1970, three of Oxnard's schools were dent "stated that the board was in favor of the prin­ ness stand in the Chicano suit, and they testified 75 percent Anglo, and the other three were 95 ciple of segregation, although it might not be prac­ that one school was "literally no more than a percent Chicano. The Chicanos won their case tical at this time." chicken coop. It had a dirt floor, single-thickness last December. The obstacle was that, having only three schools walls, [was] very run-down, [and there was] some The school board had argued that the fact that to work with, the board could not match up the stench" from the toilets. there were separate schools for Chicanos and An­ number of Anglo and Chicano students to achieve The school board minutes also tore to shreds glos had nothing to do with racism. "The racial total segregation. the phony claim that those against desegregation imbalance that exists in the schools," the board In 1936, therefore, the board tried to make one are trying to preserve "neighborhood schools." This stated, "is the result of neighborhood housing pat­ of the schools as Chicano as possible and the is the same argument that Boston racists have used terns and not the result of any concerted action by other two as Anglo as possible. to block desegregation. Under the 1937 segrega­ the board or staff based on improper considera­ Where there were still some Chicanos at the An­ tion plan in Oxnard, as in Boston today, school­ tions of race." glo schools, the board ordered "staggered play­ children were being taken far away from their Attorneys for the Chicanos proved conclusively, ground periods" to keep Chicano and Anglo chil­ neighborhoods. by citing minutes of school board meetings from dren from playing together, and the "release of the A letter written in 1937 by a parent to the school as far back as 40 years ago, that the sc'hool board American children 10 minutes or so ahead of the board said that the segregation plan was "working had indeed carried out a deliberate plan to segre­ Mexican children" when it was time to go home. a hardship not only on the American children but gate the schools. (The gringos referred to Anglos as "Americans" also on the Mexican children to have to go so The minutes of Nov. 4, 1936, show that one and Chicanos as "Mexicans," even though all were far to classes. board member told the superintendent, who was U. S. citizens.) "The (Anglo) children from the south part of coming under fire from racist white parents for not In addition, the board called for building a town have to pass the Mexicans coming from the segregating the schools fast enough, "You don't school in the middle of the Chicano community northerly part of town on their way to school."

Women In Revolt Linda Jenness The Lawrence textile strike With International Women's Day-March 8- ap­ workers, in need of leadership and organization, way from Lawrence to New York City, where ·proaching, and forums, panels, rallies, and demon­ called upon the Industrial Workers of the World they were greeted by a crowd of 5,000 socialists strations being planned, women, in addition to ( IWW) to come to their aid. and Wobblies. looking forward, will be looking back to reclaim The W obblies, as the IWW members were called, Humiliated by the wide publicity the children mo.re of our history. immediately organized mass picketing- the first were receiving, the police chief in Lawrence de­ This year the addition of the Coalition of Labor to be seen in New England. Within a few days, clared that "there will be no more children leaving Union Women to the women's movement will in­ thousands of men, women, and children were Lawrence." Two hundred more children were spire a greater interest in past labor struggles and picketing in front of the mills on a 24-hour basis. scheduled to leave on Feb. 24, but the parents of the role women played in them. The workers were mainly foreign-born- from most of the children, frightened by the threats of That part of our history is rich with examples more than 20 different nationalities. "Never be­ the police chief, canceled out and lessons. Here's just a small part of one big fore," wrote the New York Sun at the time, "J:uis But the families of 40 of the children were deter­ event that occurred 63 years ago: the Lawrence a strike of such magnitude succeeded in uniting mined to go through with the trip. As th:e children textile strike. in one unflinching, unyielding, determined and and their parents lined up to board the train, the In January 1912 the wages of the textile workers united army so large and diverse a number of cops converged on them with their clubs. Women in Lawrence, Mass., were cut The workweek was hum an beings." and children were hurled into a military truck reduced from 56 to 54 hours, resulting in a 3.5 Police, state militia, mass arrests, and brutal and beaten to submission. percent wage cut As the pay envelopes were passed beatings failed to halt the picketing or break the This brutality was met with a national cry of around Jan. 11 at the Everett Cotton Mill, the strike. outrage. workers- primarily Polish women- sat at the Efforts were made to gain publicity and support The "children's crusade," along with the inability machines, refused to work, and finally walked out for the strike outside of Lawrence. of the companies to break the strike, finally caused of the plant. The Italian Socialist Federation in New York the textile companies to surrender. A meeting of By the next day the fury had spread from mill decided to publicize the strike, and at the same 15,000 workers ratified an agreement on March to mill and the Battle of Lawrence had begun time relieve some of the burden from the strikers, 14, 1912. The agreement included pay increases under the cry, ~Better to starv.e fighting than to by bringing the Lawrence children into homes in of 5 to 21 percent, in inverse order of earnings; starve working." other cities for the duration of the strike. time and a quarter for overtime; the 54-hour work­ The American Federation of Labor, headed by On Feb. 10, 119 children, accompanied by four week; and a pledge to reinstate strikers without Samuel Gompers, refused to help the strikers. The women, including Margaret Sanger, made their discrimination.

12 Votes to ·run candidate Cleveland Black Assembl plans '76 race unionists By BAXTER SMITH discuss NEW YORK- The National Black As­ sembly, meeting here Feb. 1, voted • to field a Black presidential candidate econom1c in 1976 who is "not a Democrat and not a Republican." • • The gathering, held at the Biltmore CriSIS Hotel and attended by about 270 del­ By ERNEST MAILHOT egates and observers from 21 states, CLEVELAND-More than 250 peo­ voted to hold its next national con­ ple, most of them trade unionists, at­ vention in March 1976 in Cincinnati. tended a "Conference on Recession and The group also decided to host a con­ Inflation" held here Feb. 1. ference on the economic crisis in April The conference was organized by of this year. leaders of the United Auto Workers The assembly was formed in 1972 ( UAW}, Cleveland Typographical at a convention of 8,000 people in Union, International Ladies' Garment Gary, Ind. Last March it hosted the Workers' Union, and other unions. Black Political Convention in Little John Yates, head of the UAW Com-· Rock, Ark., attended by 1, 700 peo­ m unity Action Program in northern ple. Sentiment for independent Black electoral action was strong at 1972 Gary conference. Ohio, was the moderator of the pro­ The decision to field a candidate But until now National Black Assembly has refused to back independent candidates. gram. independently of the two capitalist par­ The mood of the conference parti~ ties could mark an important and pos­ assembly has already begun to in­ The third option would be to run an cipants reflected the growing sentiment itive departure from the assembly's vestigate the complicated and difficult independent candidate on a Black par­ , among union members that action on past orientation. requirements for getting on the ballot. ty label. Fourth would be to run no the economic crisis is urgently needed, The assembly's stated aim is to im­ In reaching their decision to field candidate at all, and instead support and indicated a willingness to consider plement the Black Agenda adopted a presidential candidate, the delegates some other candidate.. radical measures. at the Gary convention, which calls rejected several other proposals. During the· discussion, CAP forces The keynote speaker was U.S. Repre­ for winning Black political power. Among them was a proposal sup­ argued for fielding a candidate on an sentative John Conyers (D-Mich. }, who However, until now the assembly ported by Amiri Baraka calling for "antidepression, antirepression, anti­ got a good response when he called has operated around the Democratic making the 1976 convention "a 'peo­ Democrat, anti-Republican platform." for nationalizing the oil industry and Party. At the Little Rock conve~tion ple's' convention. It should consist of However, a motion to run a candidate cutting military spending. last year, a resolution calling for the various groups of people, i.e. Black, who is "not a Democrat and not a One of the best-received speakers formation of an independ.ent Black Hispanic, Red, Asian, and White." The Republican" carried instead. was Geraldine Roberts, president ofthe party was tabled. Discussion there was resolution said that "just to focus on The final agenda point was to have Domestic Workers of America. She ex­ focused on how to elect Democratic the Black community was too nar­ been a discussion of a letter sent out plained the plight of this least-noticed and Republican candidates. row." by Ron Daniels, president of the as­ layer of the work force and called for It is not clear whether the leaders Baraka, head of the Congress of sembly, charging CAP with "domina­ hearings in Cleveland

THE MILITANT/FEBRUARY 21, 1975 13 ·· .. , AAUP takes strong stand behind Starsky By NELSON BLACKSTOCK brought against any person still with­ committee examining charges against The head of the American Association in the FBI connected with this repre­ the professor. of University Professors ( AA UP) has hensible episode, and to provide en­ "The deliberat~ effort of an unidenti­ called on the attorney general to fire forceable assurances that the FBI will fied FBI agent to destroy the academ­ the FBI agents responsible for "coun­ be controlled in a manner precluding ic career of Professor Morris Starsky terintelligence" operations against a the possibility of such abuses in the at Arizona State University was a socialist professor at Arizona State future, and to provide by public state­ thoroughly contemptible act," Van Al­ University. ment the basis upon which the people styne said. William Van Alstyne, president of of this country can believe that they 'When a member of the FBI," the the AA UP, took the action in response are genuinely protected from the abuse statement continued," can come to be­ to the recent release of secret FBI of their liberties by their own national lieve (and to be encouraged in that be­ "Cointelpro" documents exposing an police." lief by the agency's own director) that FBI plot to have Dr. Morris Starsky The FBI documents, which Starsky the national security will be advanced fired from his teaching position at the secured under the Freedom of Infor­ by posing anonymously as 'a con­ university. mation Act, revealed that the Phoenix cerned alumnus,' to slip in his fur­ In a strongly worded statement, Van FBI-with the knowledge and ap­ tive accusations against a teacher and Alstyne called on the attorney general proval of its Washington headquar­ thereby to try to influence against that "to take every step necessary to in-· ters- mailed a slanderous "anony­ person the judgment of those upon sure that dismissal proceedings are mous" letter to members of a faculty whom he depends for his own whole career and livelihood, the least reac­ MORRIS STARSKY: Will speak around tion called for is one of utter disgust. country on FBI threat to academic ~Poison-Pen Police' "It was to protect our civil liberties, freedom. Under the headline "Poison-Pen Po­ spokesman for the Regents of any rather than to have them subverted by lice," the New York Times publish­ link between the poison-pen letters sleazy and surreptitious campaigns of ed the following editorial Feb. 5 and the firing are irrelevant to any FBI harrassment, that the taxpayers Meanwhile, Represenative Don Ed­ commenting on the Starsky case. appraisal of the F. B. I. action. and citizens of this country accepted wards (D-Calif.), head of the House What matters is that the bureau ap­ the expense and intrinsic hazard of Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Former Attorney General Saxbe pears to have engaged in an illegal this national police agency. If we are Constitutional Rights, which is has released evidence that the Fed­ and despicable act of faceless per­ to. have an FBI at all, clearly we can­ charged with investigating FBI spy­ eral Bureau of Investigation en­ secution and slander. not have it this way." ing, sent a letter to Starsky. ''Your gaged in a deliberate campaign of Even as a single aberration, the Van Alstyne's statement was fea­ case is most significant because it is defamation against a radical pro­ acts against Professor Starsky tured in both the Higher Education the first detailed incident of Cointelpro fessor at Arizona State University. would be intolerable. But beyond Daily and the Chronicle of Higher activity we have had the advantage of The clandestine efforts, which in­ one professor's right to justice lurks Education, newspapers widely circu­ examining," Edwards wrote. "This is cluded the writing of anonymous the question of how many more dis­ lated in the academic community. most helpful to us in our work." letters to a faculty committee deal­ sident faculty members may have J. E. Kurland, associate general sec­ The Political Rights Defense Fund ing with the teacher's professional been similar targets. Dr. Starsky retary of the AAUP, told The Militant (PRDF) is arranging speaking en­ future, continued for a period of two was, by all accounts, hardly a fig­ that the organization is considering fi­ gagements for Starsky on campuses years, between 1968 and 1970. ure of great personal influence or nancing further legal action on Star­ around the country to raise funds for They appear to have had the per­ national visibility. If the F. B. I. sky's behalf. The Arizona State Uni­ the PRDF's efforts to win the release of sonal approval of the late F. B. I. found it necessary to take "counter­ versity board of regents is currently other "Cointelpro" documents. The Director J. Edgar Hoover. intelligence" action against him, it appealing a federal district court or­ PRDF is the sponsor of a Socialist Dr. Morris Starsky, philosophy is reasonable to suspect that his der to reinstate Starsky. Workers Party and Young Socialist professor, anti-war activist and case may not have been unique. As Kurland termed Starsky's firing by Alliance suit demanding a halt to FBI member of the Socialist Workers Congress investigates the abuses of the regents "an outrageous violation surveillance and harassment. Party, who was the target of these domestic intelligence, it has a of academic freedom." "FBI Threat to Academic Freedom" attacks, was ultimately dismissed special responsibility to seek full "Given the further information that is the topic of Starsky's talk. Those by the Arizona State Board of Re­ disclosure of, and adequate repara­ has come out only recently about the interested in arranging speaking en­ gents, against the faculty commit­ tion for, any similar episodes of FBI meddling in the case, we'd like to gagements can write to the PRDF tee's recommendations. Denials by character assassination. help in whatever way we can," Kur­ (Box 649, Cooper Station, New York, land said. N.Y. 10003) or call (212) 691-3270.

Rally demands release of Rosenberg file .By HAYDEN PERRY release these files." the meeting was not able to resume for of other speakers, including the noted LOS ANGELES- At a news confer­ The news conference was held the an hour. physicist Dr. Harold Urey. Entertain­ ence here Feb. 3, Robert Meeropol, day after a rally to demand the re­ The fascist group that said it had ment was provided by an entire cast son of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, an­ opening of the case, which was dis­ placed the tear-gas device also claimed of movie and television personalities, nounced plans to force the release of rupted when a powerful tear-gas de­ responsibility for the Feb. 4 bombing including actor Henry Fonda. the still-secret government files on his vice erupted on the stage of the Santa of the Socialist Workers Party offices Dr. Urey worked on the first atomic parents. The Rosenbergs were electro­ Monica Civic Center auditorium. The here. (See story, page 4 ). bomb, whose "secret" the Rosenbergs cuted in 1953 after being convicted on audience of 2,500 filed out in an order­ Featured speakers at the rally were were alleged to have passed on to trumped·up charges of espionage for ly manner amid the choking fumes. Robert Meeropol and his brother, Mi­ the USSR. Urey said he was ap­ the Soviet Union. There were no serious injuries, but chael. The rally also heard a number proached to support the Rosenbergs The files will be sought under terms shortly after they were convicted. He of the Freedom of Information Act. was cool to the idea, he said, until Attorneys from the Rutgers Law Clin­ the defense committee sent him a tran­ ic, along with private lawyers, are script of the trial. working on the effort. After reading the transcript, he be­ Letters will be -sent to the Justice came convinced that the Rosenbergs Department, the FBI, the C lA, and were innocent. the Atomic Energy Commission re­ He told the audience that his per­ questing the files on the Rosenberg sonal library includes a section filled case. If the requests are denied, suits with books that provide in an abbre­ will be filed to force release of the viated way the information necessary materials. to build the bomb. No one, he said, Ramona Ripston, executive director could boil that scientific information of the Southern California American down to the crude drawing the Ro­ Civil Liberties Union ( AC L U), ap­ senbergs were supposed to have peared at the news conference and ex­ passed on to Moscow. pressed the ACLU's full supportfor Further, he said, the only "secret" the effort to win disclosure of the Ro­ was that the United States was actively senberg files. working on production of the bomb. Meeropol said that even those who The theoretical knowledge required to are not persuaded of his parents' in­ build one was already known to other nocence should want to see the files countries, including the USSR. so that they can get the facts. The The rally also heard Helen Sobell, FBI, he· noted, asserts that the files wife of Morton Sobell, who spent will prove the guilt of the Rosenbergs, nearly 19 years in prison after being "yet we're the ones who are demanding convicted as a "coconspirator" of the that they be released." Rosen bergs. 'We're not afraid of what's in there," She focused on two current defense he said, "and we wonder what the Committee to Reopen Rosenberg Case cases- those of Gary Lawton and Los. government is afraid of in refusing to Robert (left} and Michael Meeropol, sons of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg Continued on page 22

14 Tanks used against crowds in Lima Mass. revolt threatens Peruvian regime From Intercontinental Press burst into scores of homes and apart­ By GERRY FOLEY ments to search for the loot taken Peruvian troops supported by tanks by rampaging mobs. stormed one of the main police head­ "The number in custody was expect­ quarters in Lima February 5 to crush ed to rise with the arrests of men a strike by the "defenders of order." in. homes where the machine gun­ The military assault on the strik­ carrying soldiers found stolen goods." ing police touched off a mass explo­ it seemed clear that the "progres­ sion which the army tried to suppress sive junta" faced a very extensive pop­ with indiscriminate shooting. ular explosion that put its survival "As news of the army assault spread, in question. And the fact that it reacted thousands of youths massed in the to the p9pular outbreak like any bour­ streets downtown," New York Times geois government, ruthlessly defend­ correspondent Jonathan Kandel] ca­ ing "sacred" private property, could Qled from the Peruvian capital. "After only weaken its political position overturning buses, cars and trucks, further. they sacked and set fire to the army officers' club in the central plaza." 'A powderkeg' The fighting between the two sectors "Lima is a powderkeg," Marcel of the repressive forces of the state Niedergang wrote in the February 7 gave the masses of desperately poor issue of Le Monde. "Half of the popu­ people concentrated in the city a lation lives in barriadas, shantytowns chance to take what they wanted from of canvas and cardboard. Unemploy­ stores as well as to attack the sym­ ment, underdevelopment, a 'lumpen­ bols of hated privilege. proletariat' in ·the Peruvian capital "Demonstrators also stoned the Unit­ quick to go on rampages of rioting ed States Embassy, breaking more and looting. This is a factor that has Soviet-supplied tanks were used to put down popular uprising in Lima than 40 windows. Further damage to be taken into account in assessing was prevented when T-55 tanks, re­ the February 5 ·events. But the objec­ cently acquired from the Soviet Union, tives chosen by the looters are no less reach. Despite the feebleness of the junta's moved in." instructive- the offices of the news­ "Despite the withering fire from the nationalism, however, there is little The political police seized the of­ papers that were 'socialized' last year, army's tanks, the looters continued doubt that the imperialists thought that fices of the Reuters news agency and the officers club, the big hotels in the their thefts. A young man ran out many of the regime's measures set shut it down. It was accused by the downtown area, and above all, the of a dry-goods store with a box full a "bad example" that, at some point, would have to be "discouraged." In government of "rumor-mongering." offices ,of Sinamos, the government of shirts under his arm, another seized particular since the 1973 u. s.-backed On February 8, the government con­ body in charge of 'mobilizing ener­ a pile of suits. A little further on, a army coup in Chile, the junta has fiscated 50,000 copies of a special gies' in support of the regime." family came out of a store with a tele­ vision set. 'It's a clearance sale, bud­ been under· steadily increasing pres­ issue of Caretas, virtually the only Sinamos was designed roughly to dy/ a man shouted to me as he ran sure from proimperialist forces. independent publication ·left in the function like the party and trade-union off with a pile of pants." After more than five years of rule, country. The issue was devoted to the apparatuses in Stalinized countries, The police strike had come in the and perhaps the most extensive re­ clashes. that is, to serve as a transmission belt midst of rising discontent. forms made in the recent period by The government-controlled papers, to enable the government to extend its any bourgeois government in Latin direct control deeply into the masses. America (except for Chile where the In the final analysis, Sinamos seems Inflation Allende government, operating within to have succeeded only in getting close "Behind ~he Government's current a framework of parliamentary democ­ enough to the masses to make a troubles is an inflation rate that reach­ handy target for the first full-scale ed 20 per cent last year, an unusually racy, was forced by mass pressure outburst of popular frustration and high figure for Peru," Kandell wrote to g6 much further than its intentions), rage at "the demagogic regime. February 5. ''With prices continuing to the Peruvian junta now seems to have The Peruvian junta's attempt at re­ rise, factory workers, miners and pub­ been virtually abandoned by the form from the top down and at bal­ lic employes have staged strikes in masses. "Observers have noted the political ancing· between the poor masses, the recent weeks." vacuum that prevails in the country," native capitalists, and imperialism There had· also been indications for Le Monde pointed out in its Febru.ary seemed on the verge of ending in di­ some time that the junta was begin­ saster. ning to yield to the pressure of world 8 issue. "No sector of the civilian pop­ The crowds that clashed with the imperialism. Joseph Novitski sum­ ulation has demonstrated in favor of army February 5 were not treated med up a number of examples in the the regime of President Velasco Al­ with the kid gloves the junta ha.s used January 26 issue of the Washington varado except the General Confeder­ for dealing with rightists, nor with the Post. ation of Labor controlled by the Com­ toleration the Allende government in "'The revolutions of our time have munist party." Chile showed toward the rightist dem­ had to learn the hard way that noth­ Peruvian military chief, General Velasco onstrations that prepared the way for ing is free in today' s world,' the gov­ Balancing act Alvarado, in happier days. its overthrow. ernment newspaper said when thehuge In order to be able to play its game foreign loans for Peru's largest min­ of balancing between the masses and ing project came through recently after imperialisll}, the junta had to suppress which ·blacked out the buildup of the People 'mowed down' a five-year delay." all independent political activity and crisis and servilely defended the re­ Reuters correspondent Eduardo As­ For five years, the junta had re­ demobilize the workers. Otherwise, it gime, were singled out as special tar­ carrunz was in the middle of the shoot­ fused to pay compensation to Exxon would have run the risk of its reforms gets by the angry crowds. ing. Perhaps it was his reports that for the nationalization of its Peruvian setting in motion a process that it Some reports claimed that the po­ prompted the junta to close down his subsidiary, which was seized shortly could not control, a process that lice rallied to the support of the re­ agency. He wrote: "A young man after the coup that established the pres­ would have led to a decisive confron­ gime as the clashes spread. h.olding a new pair of pants in his ent government. For those five years tation of the fundamental forces in "By late afternoon, the conflict with right hand lay stretched out on the the junta could not get the foreign society as it did in Chile. Many of the 20,000-member paramilitary Plaza San Martin, while the tanks loans it applied for. On December 19, the government's highly touted experi­ Guardia Civil national police force sprayed the square with machine-gun 1974, the United States allocated part ments in "industrial democracy" were appeared to have been resolved," a fire. Near him lay two other youths of a $76 million fund for compensa­ in fact designed to tie the workers February 5 dispatch in the Washing­ hit by the soldiers' fire. I was crouchr tion for other nationalized property to hand and foot to the regime's plans ton Post said. "Platoons of riot police ing in a telephone booth, and saw Exxon. The Peruvian regime did noth­ for developing a modern bourgeois with their officers reappeared on the three other persons struck by machine­ ing. On January 7, the new loans were economy. streets of Lima to help military pa­ gun fire. The ambulances pulled up. announced, and it became known that During the past five years, strikes trols suppress reported wide- [spread Several minutes later, the looters came one of the institutions putting up the by both teachers and industrial work­ clashes, a fact that] showed that there out of a shop on. the square. They money was the U.S. Export-Import ers have been ruthlessly suppressed. was a solution." were mowed down by bullets. Two Bank. Leaders who tried to defend the in­ After the first clashes, the govern­ other persons fell under a rain of "There have been other instances of terests of the masses against the gov­ ment suspended constitutional gu~r­ lead. A young man collapsed a few the Peruvian military nationalists com­ ernment, like the revolutionary peas­ antees. The suspension was later ex­ yards from me, near the. booth. Blood . ing to terms with the outside world," ant union leader Hugo Blanco, have tended for thirty days. It ordered all ··spurted from his throat and his right Novitski also pointed out. "The oil­ been arbitrarily expelled from their workplaces and businesses shut. On arm, and continued to flow profusely exploration contracts signed with 18 own country. February 8, United Press Interna­ for several minutes until an ambu­ foreign companies drilling in Peru's Now it appears that the support tional reported that military courts had lance arrived." Amazon jungles since 1971 have been of all the opportunist left, from the begun trying 1,300 persons arrested But even this slaughter could not criticized by exiled opponents of the Communist party to former guerrilla in the clashes and that even more ar­ drive off the masses of poor who saw government as more favorable to the leaders, cannot save the regime if the rests were expected. a chance finally to get things that companies than is necessary in to­ imperialists decide the moment has "Heavily armed police and soldiers had been hopelessly beyond their day's oil-starved world." Continued on page 22

THE MILITANT/FEBRUARY 21, 1975 15 KeY- issues: econom~ racism Socialist Workers Party launches must be implemented now, and what­ candidate for governor of Ohio in Berns at a Feb. 5 news conference an- ever force is necessary must be 1974, received 97,000 votes. nouncing his campaign as Socialist Boston: brought to bear to ensure the safety Singling out the economic crisis as Workers Party candidate for Alle­ of Black schoolchildren." a central issue of the campaign, Bres­ gheny county commissioner. The Boston school committee has nahan said, "Thousands have already The party's other candidate for the challenge to traditionally been the exclusive pre­ been deprived of their jobs, prices are county commissioner seats up for elec­ serve of the Irish-American Demo- in orbit, and the worst is yet to come. tion will be Joan Buchanan, it was cratic machine, concerned more with Hundreds of thousands of Cleveland- announced. racist school political patronage than with educa­ ers are forced to survive on welfare "For generations," Berns said, "the tion. Since it was founded in 1906 grants, and the limited social services people of Allegheny County have en­ the committee has never had a Black that do exist are in a state of collapse." dured a poisoned environment for the committee or Puerto Rican member. "Despite the urgency of the situation," sake of the profits of the United States By STEVE CRAINE Speaking along with Bivins at the Bresnahan said, "the Democrats and Steel Corporation and the other cor­ Militant Forum on "The Struggle to BOSTON- The Socialist Workers Republicans only offer more of the porate giants of Western Pennsyl­ Party announced at a public meeting Desegregate Boston schools" were same. Both parties are guardians of vania. "But the time is now past when here Feb. 7 that it is running Ollie Thomas Atkins, president of the Bos­ the status quo and the interests of the the economic well-being of our region Bivins for Boston school committee. ton NAACP, and Ray Sherbill, a co­ wealthy." must mean skies blackened with Bivins, 21, is a student at Boston ordinator of the National Student As an initial step toward solving smoke and gases and rivers heavy University and a member of the na­ Conference Against Racism. Cleveland's economic problems, Bres­ with chemicals and industrial runoff. tional committee of the Young Social­ nahan called for a massive public We have the technology to send men ist Alliance. He is the first candidate works program to put the unemployed to the moon and bring them back to announce for a position on the to work at full union wages building again. Surely we can produce steel five-member school committee. housing, schools, hospitals, and other and still keep our air and water clean!" Bivins received 14,000 votes as SWP much-needed facilities. Berns has had years of firsthand candidate for lieu tenant governor of He said such a program could be experience with the pollution and job Massachusetts last year. funded by taxing corporate profits hazards of the steel industry. He Addressing 90 people at the Militant and placing a 100 percent tax on all works at U.S. Steel's Clairton Coke Forum, Bivins declared his support income over $25,000 a year. Works, notorious for its deadly job for the upcoming National Student Bresnahan denounced the recent conditions, and is an active member Conference Against Racism. "The most violent attacks on Black students in of United Steelworkers of America Lo­ important question facing the Boston the Collinwood area of Cleveland. He cal1557. Black community and its allies today said the racist politics of the Cleve­ Berns charged that U. S. Steel pre­ is how to keep the buses rolling," land school board had set the stage tends steel cannot be produced without Bivins said. for these attacks. Bresnahan urged pollution. The company threatens that "The answer is to be found in the Cleve'landers to participate in the Feb. strict enforcement of environmental strategy employed by the civil rights 14-16 National Student Conference standards must mean layoffs, and movement of the late 1950s and early Against Racism. thus tries· to divide steelworkers from 1960s. That strategy was to build a He also spoke of a recent Nader environmentalists and other communi­ mass movement based on demonstra­ report that exposed Cleveland's Uni­ ty groups. Berns urged an alliance Militant/Mark Satinoff versity Hospitals as violating federal between the union and these groups tions and other forms of direct action." Ollie Bivins seeks seat on Boston school Today, Bivins asserted, "the Boston regulations against forced steriliz a­ ''to fight for clean air and job security." committee, which has never had Black tion of women patients. school committee and city council member. stand in the same position as Gover­ "The Socialist Workers Party de­ "The record profits of the steel in­ nor Orval Faubus did when he tried m ands that city authorities imple­ dustry could easily cover the expense to stop Black youth from entering the ment the Supreme Court decision on of cleaning up the environment and white high school in Little Rock, Ark., the right of women to abortion and b~ilding clean, safe steelmaking facili­ 17 years ag.o. The school committee Cleveland: that the practice of forced sterilization ties in Allegheny County," the candi­ and city council have placed them­ be ended immediately," the candidate date said. selves outside the law. said. "In Allegheny County, the 'free enter­ "The busing plan is now under at­ trade-union Bresnahan concluded his statement prise system' has meant freedom to tack by a vicious, reactionary, racist by challenging his opponents in the destroy the environment and cut short movement," Bivins said. "Their aim mayoral race to join in a series of workers' lives. The Socialist Workers is to prevent school desegregation and activist runs debates throughout the city. Party believes that human needs deny Black students equality in educa­ should come before corporate profits, tion. They use 'busing,' 'neighbor­ and we think the majority of work­ hood schools,' and 'qu-ality education' for mayor ing people will agree with us." as code words for their hatred for The news conference also announced Blacks." By ERNEST MAILHOT Pittsburgh: that Christina Adachi will be the SWP Bivins stressed the need for 'a new CLEVELAND- The Socialist Work­ candidate for Allegheny county con­ civil rights movement to ensure the ers Party announced the candidacy of troller, and that Howard Beck, Susan rights of Black students in Boston. Robert Bresnahan for mayor of Cleve­ steelworker Beck, Virginia Burke, Paul LeBlanc, He said he will campaign on a land at a news conference Feb. 4. and Thomas Twiss will be the party's program directly challenging the Bresnahan, 31, has been active in ticket for Pittsburgh city council. policies of the school committee, which the antiwar and civil rights move­ Susan Beck issued a statement con­ have long been responsif>le for rele­ ments since 1965. He was a founder of onSWP demning the city's failure to desegre­ gating Blacks to inferior, segregated the Kent State University Committee gate its schools. She noted that it has schools. "If I am elected to the school Against the War in Vietnam, a coor­ ticket been seven years since the Pennsyl­ committee," Bivins said, "I will use my dinator of the 1969 Vietnam Mora­ By CARLA HOAG vania Human Relations Commission office to help organize action by the torium in Boston, and a coordinator PITTSBURGH-A fight to clean up outlined a desegregation plan, yet by Black community and its supporters of the Cleveland Area Peace Action the air and water of this region and 1973 only 24 of the city's 106 schools in defense of desegregation. Coalition. to safeguard the jobs, health, and safe­ were in compliance with the commis­ "The school committee should be the As an activist in Local 17 46 of the ty of steelworkers was pledged by Neil sion's guidelines. protector, not the opponent, of the American Federation of State, County right of Black students to attend any and Municipal Employees, Bresnahan school they wish. It should enforce has helped lead a number of labor desegregation by whatever means are actions in Cleveland, including a pro­ necessary. test by welfare workers against "A school committee committed to Nixon's wage freeze in 1972. He was equal educational opportunity would a delegate to the Cleveland Federa­ carry out a program of preferential tion of Labor in 1973 and a dele­ hiring to increase the proportion of gate to the 1974 Ohio AFL-CIO con­ Black and Puerto Rican teachers, vention. along with greatly increasing the total Bresnahan is a former teacher in number of teachers. the Boston high schools and has seen "A crash program of school con­ firsthand the racism of the educational struction is necessary to begin to catch system there. He has helped organize up for decades of neglect," Bivins con­ support here for the school desegrega­ tinued. "Programs in bilingual educa­ tion struggle in Boston and has also tion should be greatly expanded and participated in protests against attacks made available to all students who do on Blacks in Cleveland. not speak English as their first lan­ In his statement at the news con­ guage. ference, Bresnahan pointed out that "But first and foremost,"he said, "the the SWP has shown itself to be a force airton works near Pittsburgh. busing plan to achieve desegregation in Ohio politics. Nancy Brown, SWP for sake of profits of U.S. Steel.'

16 local campaigns across country · · · · · · ·· · · · · Tim Mallory, SWP candidate for Pasa- date for mayor of Berkeley, talked dena school board, who has been about the need for mass struggles campaigning for immediate implemen- against the growing attacks on work- tation of the Pasadena Plan for school ing people. He presented the SWP's desegregation. proposal for a new "Bill of Rights for The rally followed two weeks of pe- Working People." Finamore, a steel- titioning by campaign supporters, in worker, was formerly a leader of the which 16,000 signatures were collect- antiwar movement. ed to place eight socialist candidates Froben Lozada, the SWP candidate on the ballot in the April 1 election. for Berkeley school board, and Anne The petitions were filed Jan. 23. Chase, one of five SWP candidates For city council the SWP is running for Berkeley city council, also ad- Laurel Nickel in the 6th district and dressed the rally. Miguel Pendas in the. 14th district. Lozada is the t::hairperson of the Nickel is a member of the American Merritt College Chicano studies de- Federation of State, County and Muni- partment. Chase, a student at the Uni- cipal Employees Local 2070. Pendas, versity of California in Berkeley, has who writes the Raza en Accion column been active in the women's liberation in The Militant, is well known as a movement. writer and activist in the Chicano The SWP is also running Gaile Wix- movemenl son, Reiko Obata, Susan Hampton, For board of education the SWP is and Clifton DeBerry for Berkeley city running David Keepnews, a student at council, and Glenda Horton for

Militant/Miguo:l Pendas. the University of California at Los Berkeley school director. Pasadena, Calif., Dec. 14. SWP candidates are campaigning for school desegregation Angeles; Willy Petty, an activist in the Peter Oanes is the SWP candidate for there and in Boston. Black liberation struggle; Arnold Oakland school director, and Richard Weissberg; and Kathleen O'Nan. Trujillo is running for the Oakland The SWP candidates for community city council on the party's ticket. college board of trustees are David The rally launching the campaign ers will be laid off, several schools Bro'm, an activist in the u.s. Com- capped off a successful educational closed, and many programs eliminat­ I St. Louis: ed. I mp ilt~eei. florp Justice to Latin American wtheeekbeansdi'c otfhpemaneels odfisthcussioekns. ndOne of o It ca risoners; and Cathy Hinds, e we e was "As a teacher in the St. Louis public I a student at California State Universi- the struggle against racism, from Bos- schools," Bowman said, "I can speak 1 ty in Los Angeles. ton to Berkeley. Bowman with authority about the run-down fa­ All eight candidates have been certi- Clifton DeBerry joined Obie Cooper, cilities and lack of adequate staff and I fied for ballot status. Continued on page 22 wins spot supplies that are the result of inade­ quate funding. "But I also know why parents have twice said 'no' to this proposed tax on ballot hike. Parents know they will have no By TOM MORIARTY control over the funds, and they have Berkeley: ST. LOUIS- Barbara Bowman, So­ no illusions that new taxes will im­ cialist Workers Party candidate for prove the quality of education here. president of the St. Louis board of They absolutely refuse to pour any 100 rally aldermen, has won a spot on the bal­ more of their shrinking paychecks lot in the April 1 municipal elections. down the tax drain. Bowman filed petitions for ballot "Instead of heaping new taxes on to kick. off status Jan. 23 bearing more than already overburdened working peo­ 5,500 signatures, and on Feb. 4 she ple," she continued, "the city, county, was officially notified her name would and state should begin taxing the campaign be on the ballot. bloated profits of corporations in the By PAUL MONTAUK Last year, SWP senatorial candidate area, especially the big war contrac­ BERKELEY, Calif. -A spirited rally Barbara Mutnick was denied ballot tors like McDonnell Douglas and Gen­ Jan. 18, attended by 100 people, status after she had fully complied eral Dynamics. launched the Socialist Workers Party with the state election laws. Bowman "In addition, the Socialist Workers municipal campaign in the East Bay M Ryan had pledged to vigorously fight any Party demands that instead of boost­ Area. Carl Finamore, SWP candidate for may­ such 'Undemocratic, discriminatory ing arms spending and cutting funds Carl Finamore, the party's candi- or of Berkeley. maneuvers or dirty tricks" aimed at for education, as President Ford pro­ keeping the socialist alternative off the poses, the $100-billion a year now ballot in 1975. wasted on the war budget be used for Bowman, a member of the Ameri­ social services. can Federation of Teachers Local420 "As president of the board of alder­ Bill of Rights for working people and of the Coalition of Labor Union men," Bowman concluded, "these are All across the country Socialist as a positive alternative to the Dem­ Women, is the first candidate for mu­ the kinds of policies I would fight for." Workers Party candidates are cam­ ocratic and Republican parties. nicipal office ever run by the St. Louis Enclosed is my contribution of SWP. paigning for a new Bill of Rights for Working People. $ ___to support the Camejo-Reid One important issue in her cam­ In opposition to the Democrats campaign. paign is the struggle for abortion and Republicans who have brought rights. St. Louis Mayor John Poelker Name ______us inflation, unemployment, racism, has prohibited the performance of elec­ Los Angeles: and wars, the SWP says working tive abortions at all city hospitals- in people have a right to a job and direct defiance of the 1973 Supreme Address------an adequate inco,me. And the SWP Court decision granting women the candidates candidates have proposals for ac­ City _____ State ___ Zip __ right to abortion. tion to win these rights. Bowman stated, "I intend to join You can help distribute this Bill with all women who have been denied focus on Phone----~------of Rights at your workplace, on the right to abortion in protesting this picket lines, at unemployment and Business Address------action. I will campaign for a reversal welfare centers, at community meet­ of this decision and in support of court school fight ings, or at your school. It should Occupation/School/Organization_ action to reverse Poelker's illegal de­ By JOHN GATTUSO be read by all those looking for a cree." LOS ANGELES- The 1975 Socialist way to fight back. Improving the St. Louis schools will Workers Party municipal election cam­ be another crucial question in this paign was kicked off at a rally of Bill of Rights for Working People: Clip and mail to: Socialist Workers election. "For the third time in 10 100 people here Jan. 25. 3 cents each; 2 cents each for 1,000 1976 National Campaign Commit­ months," Bowman noted, ''the people Speakers at the rally focused on or more. tee, 14 Charles Lane, New York, of St. Louis will be confronted with a the need for an ongoing fight against ( ) Please send me one copy free N.Y. 10014. referendum requesting a school tax school segregation in Los Angeles of charge ( ) in English; ( ) in increase. Working people are again and Pasadena, and linked this to the Officers of the Socialist Workers 1976 National Spanish. Campaign Committee- Chairpersons: Fred Hal­ being bombarded with horror stories struggle going on in Boston. Enclosed is $--for__ copies stead, Ed Heisler, Linda Jenness, Andrew Pul­ about what will happen to their chil­ Among the speakers was Michael ley-Treasurer: Andrea Morell. ( ) in English; ( ) in Spanish. dren's education if they resist this at­ Zinzun, director of the Pasadena Com­ ( ) I endorse the 1976 SWP ticket A copy of our report is filed with the Federal tempted blackmail." munity Information Center and an Election Commission and is available for pur­ of Peter Camejo for president and Newspapers have carried threats activist in the desegregation fight chase from the Federal Election Commission, Willie Mae Reid for vice-president Washington, D. C. that if the referendum is rejected teach- there. Zinzun declared his support for

THE MILITANT/FEBRUARY 21, 1975 17 D.C. school board voids contract Washington Teachers Union under attack By ERICH MAR TEL of union dues checkoff, thus requir\ng 45-minu te increase in the workday for lations committee to counter the WASHINGTON- Teachers here have union building representatives to col­ teachers beginning next September. board's propaganda and win public been confronted with a sharp antiunion lect members' dues. The added time is no~ for teaching support for the teachers. attack by the board of education, Negotiations for a new contract had purposes; students would not be ex­ In response to board claims that which broke off negotiations with the dragged on for a full year already. pected to stay longer. previous salary increases were ade­ Washington Teachers Union Jan. 29 Although the original contract was r The other major outstanding dis­ quate compensation for a longer work­ and declared the union contract term­ due to expire on March 31, 1974, it agreement involves the grievance pro­ day, the union placed a full-page ad inated' as of Feb. 5. was extended on a day-to-day basis cedure, which the board wishes to in the Feb. 5 Washington Post. The ad On Feb. 6, School Superintendent by mutual consent. change in a manner the union con­ explained that since September 1969 Barbara Sizemore announced the end The school board is demanding a siders. disadvantageous to teachers. teachers have had pay increases total­ Twelve hundred union teachers at­ ing 27.4 percent, while the Consumer tended an emergency meeting Feb. 3 Price Index has risen 39.7 percent. to discuss the crisis and hear the re­ Teachers have also started contact­ commendations of the union executive ing community organizations to ex­ committee. About 5,000 of the 7,000 plain their side of the story, and at­ teachers are union members. tending school board meetings to Teachers felt the school board was counter the lies put out by the board. trying to provoke- a strike in order to balance its perennially unbalanced Teachers see the board's current de­ budget. Teachers expressed the need m attds as only the first stage of an for an alternative strategy before .re­ all-out attack upon teachers and edu­ sorting to the ultimate strike weapon. cation in Washington. If the board is After considerable discussion, the successful, the next steps may be to meeting adopted an executive com­ increase class sizes, increase the num­ mittee recommendation to request that ber of teaching ·periods per day, give the board submit the disputed issues teachers more clerical chores, and give to fact-finding and binding arbitration; school principals more arbitrary pow­ to institute a work slowdown under er. which teachers would teach classes but Many teachers have begun to ques­ perform no other assignments; and to tion the role of the school board mem­ empower the executive board to call bers, who have been unanimous in the a str~e v.ote if the board rejects ar­ attack against teachers. bitration. Although school board elections are A motion from the floor was passed formally nonpartisan, nine of the to hold a rally Feb. 4 at a special board members are Democrats or Re­ 111-eeting between the union and the publicans and two belong to the State­ board. Although the rally was called hood Party. Since five seats will be up on short notice and held during school for election in November, some teach­ hours, more than 200 teachers parti­ ers are raising the idea of the union Teachers march during 1972 strike. Now school board demands longer workday as cipated. running its own candidates for school first step in rolf'fng back gains of union. The union has set up a public re- board. Columbus Education Assn. rejects board offer By MARGARET VAN EPP teachers kept schools open in the face back to approximately its original 4 inations and accusations. COLUMBUS, Ohio-A meeting of of daily picketing. The strike ended percent offer. " Terry Lee of the Ohio Education As­ 2,800 teachers on Feb. 2, called by after one week when a court ordered Teachers voted down the contract sociation accused the CEA members of the Columbus Education Association the teachers back to work and directed not only for its poor salary offer but not being solidly behind their leader­ (CEA), voted overwhelmingly to re­ the two sides to reopen negotiations also for inadequate provisions on ship and the work stoppage. Teachers, ject the latest contract offer from the under the auspices of a federal media­ class size, preparation periods, and on the other hand, criticized the CEA Columbus board of education. tor. other teaching conditions. They also leadership for not working to build The teachers had struck in early At the Feb. 2 meeting, CEA leaders approved a motion to reject any offer support for the strike in the Columbus January after turning down a board reported on negotiations and recom­ that does not include a no-reprisals labor movement and for not prepar­ offer of a 4 percent pay increase. The mended rejection of the board's latest clause: ing the membership for the court in­ teachers have been asking for 12 per­ offer as representing no substantial The teachers at the meeting were an­ junction and other board tactics. cent as the minimum necessary just difference from the previous one. gry and frustrated. Typical comments to keep up with inflation. were: "I have a feeling of being When the vote was taken on whether "The board has moved backwartj stepped on;" "The issue is not the mon­ to strike again in defiance of the court The strike was the first by teachers from its position since the end of De­ ey but what part teachers are to play injunction, only 25 percent of the in Columbus history and was carried cember," said Jack Burgess, exec~tive in the school system;" and "Our argu­ teachers favored another walkout. out in defiance of Ohio's Ferguson director of the CEA and its chief ne­ ment is that they are prioritizing Burgess said the rejection of the Act, which prohibits strikes by public gotiator. "The board's offer of an im­ things other than human needs." strike recommendation was not a de­ employees. mediate 6 percent salary increase rep­ In contrast to the Janu~ry mass . feat for the CEA leadership. "It's a A majority of the school system's resents no monetary change whatso­ meeting of 4,000 that voted to strike, question of timing," he said, adding 5,000 teachers and 98,000 students ever. Savings from the strike and from which was marked by a mood of soli­ that if teachers do not get what they stayed away from classes, while ad­ not having to implement a new salary darity and determination, this gather­ want he is convinced they will ap­ ministrators and a small band of schedule bring the board's position ing had an unfortunate tone of recrim- prove a strike later. Milwaukee teachers, AFSCME stand united By DEBBY DEEGAN picket lines together for nearly three teaching personnel succeeded in win­ MILWAUKEE- Public school teach­ weeks in Milwaukee's first teachers' ning an 8 percent wage increase this ers, teacher aides, secretaries, truck strike. The teachers refused to cross year and 9 percent in 1976 for all drivers, and school social work aides the picket lines of the AFSCME locals employees. In addition, the teachers displayed unity and discipline in the still on strike. preserved seniority rights in transfers final showdown of their strike battle Only after the school board secured and forced the board to set a max­ with the school board. a court order ordering the teachers imum class size. They did not win a The board reached a settlement with back to work did schools reopen on cost-of-living clause, one of the strike the teachers and teacher aides, mem­ Feb. 7. goals. bers of the Milwaukee Teachers Educa­ Meanwhile, in an action brought by tion Association (MTEA), late Feb. 5. The tactics of the school board, which the Hortonville Education Association, They then tried to open schools the were intended to sow dissension be­ the Wisconsin supreme court upheld next day without settling with non­ tween teachers and nonteaching staff, the constitutionality of the state law teaching personnel, who are repre­ only served to convince M TEA and that prohibits strikes by public em­ sented by American Federation of AFSCME members of the importance ployees. State, County and Municipal Employ­ of fighting together. These tactics back­ The court agreed, however, that the ees (AFSCME) Locals 1053 and 1616. fired as hundreds of irate parents be­ 84 Hortonville teachers who were fired The board failed to take into ac­ sieged the school board with angry by the school board last April for strik­ count the solidarity that had developed phone calls for trying to reopen the ing had been denied due process and between the teachers and the secretaries schools prematurely. had the right to appeal their case to and truck drivers, who had walked the The unity of teachers and non- an "impartial decision-maker." Students join picket line

18 utlook A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON SELECTIONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS, A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTING THE VIEWPOINT OF REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM.

FEBRUARY 21, 1975

PHILIP AGEE

Inside the CIA. Ex-Agent Philip Agee exposes methods of U.S. subversion abroad

[The following interview with ex-CIA Q. Why did you decide to leave the agent Philip Agee is excerpted from Agency in 1969? the January 1 issue of Red Weekly, the newspaper of the International A When I first went into the CIA, Marxist Group, the British section of I really believed what I'd been taught, the Fourth International. from a very young age onwards: that [Before his resignation in 1969, there is a ''third way" between the tra­ Agee was a CIA operative for 12 ditional imperialism of the nineteenth years, working mainly in Latin Amer­ century and earlier and revolutionary ica. He rose to the rank of colonel. socialism. This is Wilsonian foreign [A detailed account of Agee's expe­ policy [i.e., the ''liberal" foreign policy riences is contained in his book, In­ pioneered by U.S. President Woodrow Book cover shows Agee's typewriter case in which he side the Company: CIA Diary, pub­ Wilson at the end of World War I], discovered CIA-planted bug during book's preparation. lished in Britain by Penguin Books. the search for a third way in which Straight Arrow Press is planning to liberal capitalist nations would seek bring out a United States edition this their self-interests and serve the great­ spring. est good of the greatest number. happened was that we were in a "state bassy officials. We were showing them [The American Civil Liberties Union Little by little as I worked for CIA, of siege" in Uruguay and the head of the document on the Sunday morning has advised Agee not to return to the I began to question whether we were station [top CIA official in a particu­ before giving it to the military in­ U.S. until after the book is published really promoting the reforms which lar country] wanted to help the police telligence people who were going to here, since the CIA could take the we preached about. I began to find look a little better because they hadn't give it to the president. same sort of legal action they took that the more successful our opera­ been able to arrest any of the ·labor While they were reading the false against Victor Marchetti, another tions were the further away the re­ leaders. They had been searching for report I began to hear a moaning former CIA agent, blocking publica­ forms got. As a result I began to these trade-union leaders and couldn't sound, which sounded like a street tion of parts of the book on Marchet­ question the possibility of this find them. Two of our agents were in vendor outside trying to sell some­ ti's CIA experiences. so-called "third way" and finally came the self-defense squads the Communist thing. Gradually it became louder and [Robin Blackburn and Tariq Ali ob­ to the conclusion that there really party of Uruguay, and we had, of louder, and pretty soon I realized that tained this interview.] wasn't one and that what we were pro­ course, the names of the leaders of someone was being tortured. (I found moting around the world was simply these squads. The chief of station out later that the torture room was a new version of the classic imperial­ asked me to give to the police the just above the chief of police's office, ism of the nineteenth century. name of the leader of one of these on the next floor up.) The screams Question. Could you tell us exactly squads- Oscar Bonaudi. I gave the of this tortured man became louder what you did in the CIA? Q. When did these doubts begin? name for preventive detention, not and louder. The chief of police heard thinking that anything else would it too, of course, and he kept telling Answer. I was recruited originally A A series of factors coincided in happen. Ramirez to turn up the radio. (Rami­ in 1956, and my career ran until ear­ mid-1965. The invasion of Santo Do­ rez had a tiny transistor radio and ly 1969. I was in training until 1960, About four days later, on a Sun­ mingo was one. There a reformist he was listening to the Sunday then I went to Ecuador where I served day morning, the chief of station (at president-whom the CIA had helped morning soccer game, while we were under cover of being a diplomat until that time John Horton) and I were to promote in the early 1960s-was having this meeting.) Eventually Rod­ the end of 1963. From early 1964 sitting in the office of the chief of not allowed to come back and play rigues said the report was good and to late 1966 I was in Uruguay, and police, an army general named Ven­ his rightful role in leading his coun­ would do the job and Horton and I from 1967 till early 1969 I was with turo Rodrigues. Also at this meeting try. I concluded from this that it must left to get the report over to the the CIA in Mexico City. have been economic powers in the was a colonel named Roberto Rami­ During that period I handled, di­ rez. He was the chief of the Metropoli­ president. United States, principally the sugar I haven't forgotten those screams rected, and initiated most of the dif­ tan Guard, and antiriot shock force. interests, who wanted to keep him out, to this very day. It was a case which ferent types of operations that the CIA We in the CIA had just written a as he had developed -a program of was never publicized, but Bonaudi undertakes in the third world, includ­ false document in the station that agrarian reforms which would have would remem):>er it- if he is still alive. ing both "collection operations" [infor­ weekend "proving" that certain named affected their interests adversely. The torture case, the Santo Domingo mation gathering] and "action opera­ officers of the Sovi~t Embassy were invasion, and the growing realization tions" which involve propaganda, Also there was this incident of tor­ directing the trade unions in their that we were really reinforcing all the trade-union work, youth and students, ture, which had more of an emotional struggles in this period of the state of corruption and injustices in Uruguay etc. This meant I was responsible for effect on me than anything else. That siege. This document was to allow the brought me to reconsider more and directing the work of dozens of agents happened several months after the government to justify the expulsion in each country where I was stationed. Santo Domingo intervention. What of those falsely accused Soviet Em- Continued on next page World Outlook W0/2 .

... ex-agent Philip Agee exposes CIA methods of U.S.

Continued from preceding page union operations in which we tried more this activity that I was engaged to establish and build up the so-called in. ''free" trade-union movement. This was done through the ICFTU (Interna­ Q. What would you say is the politi­ tional Confederation of Free Trade cal objective of the CIA in the coun­ Unions) and the CIA-controlled trade­ tries where it operates? union organizations in the third world, ORIT (the Inter-American Re­ A The political and economic ob­ gional Labor Organization- a wing jectives are virtually identical- there­ of ICFTU] and the ITS's [Interna­ tention of these countries within the tional Trade Secretariats- interna­ capitalist camp. In other words, to tional organizations of trade unions ensure that the goods that these par­ within particular industries; most are ticular countries produce are available connected with ICF TU and used by to the U. S. for the cheapest possible the CIA]. price and that the countries concerned What the CIA does specifically in the provide a market for the export of trade-union field, is to promote, along American capital and obtain its with the rest of the U. S. government goods. Essentially it comes down to program in this field, trade unions in that. The way the CIA fits into the the third, world which fall into the picture is that it works to prop up "Gompers-style" economic trade union­ local governments that allow the sys­ ism. They try and keep the trade­ tem to continue, and to beat down the union movement co-opted so that they people who stand for change on the exclude political considerations from left. That is what the CIA is doing in their program and are quite happy to most of the third world. gain inch-by-inch rather than calling into question the whole capitalist sys­ tem, which is certainly within their Q. What sort of activities would you power. be engaged in as a CIA officer? I also engaged in quite a number of propaganda operations. We falsified A I was engaged in operations of lots of documents and attributed them running spies into the left-wing parties to revolutionary organizations in or­ in Latin American countries, taking der to bring discredit upon these or­ over old cases and developing new ganizations and the revolutionary cases. For example, recruitment of movement as a whole- to discredit members of Communist parties in or­ the Cubans, the Soviets, and all our der to obtain intelligence on the capa­ enemies. bilities and intentions of these 'organi­ zations. Also I worked very closely with lo­ Q. As well as penetrating left-wing cal police intelligence services, in organizations, does the Agency also Ecuador and in Uruguay, in order seek to stimulate and create right­ to extend the capability of the CIA wing organizations? station beyond what its limited man­ power would allow. We used the for­ A At one stage in Ecuador we were eign intelligence service, either military trying to force the president- Arose­ or police, as if it were our own to tap mena- to take certain policy decisions Chilean generals review troops. CIA-sponsored subversion, which was instrumental telephones, monitor the comings and in relation to the repression of the in the overthrow of Allende government, continues daily in Latin America. goings of certain travelers, check left, and to break relations with Cuba. hotels and maritime hostels, obtain What we did was to create a mass files and photographs from the gov­ hysteria relating to the imminent com­ him. All this despite the fact that the like Sukarno, Nkrumah, Arosemena, ernment in order to develop surveil­ munist take-over of the country. We bombers had been caught in the night even Allende, but is not able to over­ lance teams. The most important thing acted together with a section of the by the police and had admitted that throw Mao Tsetung, Fidel Castro, and was that these local services would Catholic church and through the right­ they were Social Christians! It didn't leaders of revolutionary movements? engage in repressive actions when we wing political parties to encourage matter. The fact that the hysteria had requested it. mass demonstrations against any re­ already been generated meant that A Well, certainly they tried. Not In addition, I worked in the trade- lations with Cuba and against the even though the bombing had been only Fidel Castro, but the Soviet left in the country. found out it still worked. Finally, Union itself. Even up until the early At one point in our campaign, a through a military ultima tum, which 1960s CIA were sending saboteurs bomb was thrown by the Social was the culmination of our propa­ into the Soviet Union with folding Christian bomb squad into the Car­ ganda and political action efforts, bicycles, or dropping different devices dinal's house as a provocation. We Arosemena was forced to break with by parachute. This was called the "Red were promoting the right-wing Social Cuba. Socks Program." Whenever an emigre Christian movement in all their ac­ Months later, when we felt that his with suicidal tendencies could be found tivities; In fact we eventually brought government had been penetrated by he would be sent in, but they failed onto the station payroll the retired leftists and communists, we started up miserably because they were all picked army captain who was the leader of the whole operation all over again. up and shot. these different squads. That led to his overthrow. In the case of Cub a the C lA didn't We formed what was called the Na­ The important lesson to learn is spare any efforts to try and overthrow tional Defense Front, which grouped that the recent revelations of the CIA's the Cuban revolution in its early in it lots of individuals and the most efforts to "destabilize" the Allende years. But the difference between Cuba important political organizations of government in Chile was no isolated and China- countries which have had the center and the right They were case. These activities are taking place socialist revolutions- and these others powerful enough to get tens and even day in and day out, all over the is that they have the people on their hundreds of thousands onto the world, anr. sometimes over a period of side and you can't defeat them. streets, with the assistance of the many years. In Indonesia it took the The reason that Sukarno was over­ church. CIA ten years to bring about the over­ thrown, the reason that Allende was The simple bombing of the Cardi­ throw of Sukarno in 1965. Destabili­ overthrown, is related to the fact that nal's house- with him, by prior ar­ zation operations against him were the class struggle wasn't really entered rangement, conveniently in the Basil­ begun at the time of the Bandung into in earnest in those countries. It ica downtown so that he wouldn't be Conference in 1955. It was the same was delayed, delayed and delayed and hurt- resulted, a week later, in the in Ghana to overthrow Nkrumah, and eventually there was a lurch to the largest mass demonstration in the his­ the same in Brazil, although it was right instead of the left. In addition tory of Quito to protest this "outrage." a shorter period of time (1961-64). the army and the police which exist The Cardinal, ninety years old, gets But don't imagine that any of these to defend capitalism still existed and up on the platform at this demonstra­ operations are isolated. They are hap­ were used by the CIA as a base of tion and gives the principal address pening every single day. operation. The security and military in which he says that following the forces are primary targets for a large teachings of Christ he is going to Q. Why do you think it is that the proportion of CIA propaganda, forgive the terrorists who tried to kill CIA seems able to overthrow people which uses fear by frightening the W0/3

subversion abroad World news notes

security and military forces that in And now we're beginning to see that Upsurge in Italian abortion struggle the event of a socialist revolution they the FBI had this COINTEL Program Women of Italy are rising up ...... ~~::;;; .i~~il/hi10< would all be shot, which is, of course, which was their way of penetrating against the suffering and humil­ not true. In the Cuban and Chinese and disrupting everything to the left iation caused by the necessity revolutions a not unimportant section of the liberal Republicans and Demo­ of illegal, back-alley abortions. of these forces came over to the side crats from 1956 onwards. The recent Abortion has become a major of the revolution. official reports released by the Justice national political issue, as the Department show that in that period government has attempted tore­ Q. You are responsible for over­ the FBI engaged in no fewer than press the women's protests. throwing the Velasco government in 2,300 different operations against the On January 26 one of the Ecuador and "destabilizing" its suc­ left. This is an average of one new one leaders of the abortion-rights cessor. How much money do you every other day~ not counting Sun­ movement, Adele Faccio, was think it cost the Agency to carry out day- for the last fifteen years. arrested in Rome while address­ these operations? These were not one-shot operations ing the country's first national that just occurred and then ended. abortion congress, attended by A Not very much actually. Our They had a tremendous cumulative 3,500 people, according to an principal political operation, which in­ effect over the years. They might be­ Associated Press dispatch. volved propaganda, was running at gin one year and not end till ten years The AP report said that as $50,000 a year and through this later. two cops stro~e up to the pre­ operation we promoted lots of demon­ siding table, Faccio "asked for strations and propaganda against re­ Q. We now hear from Kissinger that the arrest warrant, then read lations. with Cuba and against the the threat to U S. interests does not it into the microphone and said: Velasco government. merely exist in the third world, but 'I am proud to enter those pris­ At one stage we had the vice-pres­ also in the capitalist countries of West­ ons where so many companions 'These are the doctors against abor­ ident on our payroll. He was being ern Europe. Does this mean that the are pining.'" tion,' says sign showing doctor taking paid $700 a month before he became CIA will be actively involved and pre­ Faccio, a 52-year-old teacher, thousands of lira for clandestine vice-president, and after we increased paring to intervene in Europe? is president of the Committee for abortions. his salary to $1,000 a month. Sterilization and Abortion. But it doesn't matter how much a A Well, yes. You must understand Earlier in January the government carried out a raid on a Flor­ man is being paid. It's what he ac­ that it is a corollary of Wilsonian ence abortion clinic, arresting six staff members. Warrants were tually does that's important. In many foreign policy that any government, issued for the arrest of other staff members, as well as for forty cases very high government officials no matter how bad, is better than a women who had allegedly obtained abortions at the clinic. will be exceedingly effective without communist government. It follows that Following the arrests, the Movimento di Liberazione della Donna receiving a salary from the CIA. They (MLD)- Women's Liberation Movement) called for a mobilization understand that the interests of the "to bring onto the piazzas of Italy the thousands of women who class they belong to are identical with have abortions every day and who directly feel the violence of the interests of the CIA, the U.S. gov­ a system that forces them to undergo the terror of clandestine ernment, and U.S. companies. They abortions." live from that exploitation. So they On January 12 hundreds of persons marched through Florence. don't have to be paid. Mainly women, they came from Rome, Milan, Padua, Bologna, and other cities. Signs described the Vatican's campaign to make Q. Did you ever experience occa­ 1975 a "Holy Year" as a "Holy crusade against women." The Ital­ sions when you thought that an agent ian weekly L'Espresso reported: ''Many persons followed thecortege, was perhaps helping, the movement some applauded. The atmosphere was one of sympathetic interest a bit too much? and participation."

A Well, there's sometimes a time .vhen a decision has to be taken about Semicolonial countries demand fairer prices how far an agent should go in de­ veloping his own position within the The economic confrontation between the advanced capitalist coun­ party. For example, it's very impor­ tries and the semicolonial world is spreading from the issue of oil tant for CIA stations to penetrate the prices to the area of other raw materials. militant action wings of left-wing or­ On February 5 the United States presented its proposal on oil ganizations, so that they can know in pricing to its imperialist partners in the newly formed International advance of any violence that might be Energy Agency. The aim of the plan is to keep oil prices high planned. If a CIA agent has been able within the imperialist countries so as to guarantee the profitability to penetrate one of these organiza­ of new energy sources, and thus break the semimonopoly on energy tions, then the decision has to be made resources held by members of the Organization of Petroleum Export­ as to how far he goes.· Whether he ing Countries. should, for example, be allowed to On the same day, ministers from 110 semicolonial countries were meeting in Dakar, Senegal. They decided unanimously to apply the participate in violence which might Sine cost a life, such as the execution of a tactic of the Arab oil-producing countries to ~ther raw materials hated police torturer. The local situa­ such as aluminum, bananas, peanuts, and zinc. The conference es­ tion would determine whether he anything which suggests the emer­ tablished a commission to work out higher price guidelines for should be allowed to go that far or gence of an anticapitalist government these products, to be adhered to by all the participating countries. not. In a serious insurgency situation anywhere in the world (not just the According to a United Press International report on the gathering, as in Vietnam, or even in Argentina third world), is "incompatible with the "speaker after speaker . . . denounced the advanced nations for today, he might be allowed to go United States security interests," in paying too little for raw materials while charging too much for through with it despite the costs. other words the security of the ruling their manufactured goods." capitalist minority of the United Q. To turn to some wider aspects States, because it certainly isn't in the of the problems we've been discussing, interests of the Chicanos· [Mexican­ Britain: victory for immigrant workers would you agree that there is some Americans], Puerto Ricans, Indians, A victory has been won in Britain for the rights of immigrant connection between the activities of the most women, Blacks, or the workers workers. The Italian worker Franco Caprino has been released CIA and the facts which were thrown to see capitalist rule extended or con­ from jail, where he had been confined without trial since Decem­ up by the Watergate affair? tinued. ber 16, and a deportation order against him has been lifted. He I would say that Portugal, Greece, was released only after repeated protests and demonstrations by A I don't think there can be any and Italy must be the top priorities radical groups, Labour party chapters, and trade unionists. doubt that Watergate represents the of the CIA at the moment. Wherever Caprino was originally ordered deported by Home Secretary application within the United States the legitimacy of capitalist democracy Roy Jenkins under a provision of the racist 1971 Immigration of the methods that the CIA has been is challenged by the masses, the ch al­ Act introduced by the Tories. It allows the government to deport using abroad for the last twenty-five lenge posed by the CIA increases ac­ anyone for "the public good" or ''for reasons of a political nature," to thirty years. The penetration opera­ cordingly. In Portugal, in particular, with no right to appeal. tions, i.e., the bugging, the political given the importance of the Cape The obvious reason for the persecution of Caprino was that he disruption, the black propaganda Verde Islands and Angola, the CIA was a member of the International Branch of the Transport and operations (e.g., attributing to some­ must be in there working very hard General Workers Union and was involved in organizing workers in one a false document), were all ap­ indeed. the catering industry, many of whom are Italians, Spaniards, Por­ plied in the United States. tuguese, Arabs, Iranians, Turks, and other immigrant workers. Most of the Watergate operations Q. One got the impression that when were right out of the CIA textbook. Continued on next page World Outlook W0/4 lnt'l ~retests: 'Free the ~olitical. ~risonersl' Spain shaken by strikes, demands for civil liberties

By Caroline Lund potash miners struck for fifteen days Carrero Blanco. Those arrested are: againsf a government-owned mine. In psychiatrist and noted feminist Geno­ the city of Pamplona, reported the veva Forest; the famous playwright "Spain's 12-million-strong labor Washington Post, "more than 20,000 Alfonso Sastre; labor attorney Lydia force is a 'sleeping giant' no longer. other workers walked out to show soli­ Falcon; the writer Eliseo Bayo Po­ It is awake and stirring. . . . n darity with the miners, and 30 Roman baldor; labor leader Antonio Duran Thus began an article in the De­ Catholic priests invaded the Pamplona Velasco; television actress Maria Paz cember 17 Christian Science Monitor bishop's off~ce in a sympathy hunger Ballesteros; producer Vicente Sains de on the recent upsurge of strikes, politi­ strike. n la Pena; teacher Maria del Carmen cal protests, and demands for release An Associated Press dispatch print­ Nadal; and airline pilot Bernardo Va­ of political prisoners that is shaking ed in the February 4 New York Post dell Carreras. All have been tortured. the Franco regime. reported that more than 5,000 miners Two of them- Genoveva Forest and The ferment is not limited to the had gone out on strike in both gov­ Antonio DurAn- have been formally factories, but has extended to the uni­ ernment-owned and private mines charged with the assassination of Ca­ versities and into the prisons. Attempts near the city of Oviedo. rrero Blanco~ They are expected to by the regime to crack down on the Meanwhile, a wave of student pro­ come to trial soon in a military court, growing social unrest have filled the tests has paralleled the strike upsurge. and face a possible death sentence. jails with political prisoners. Spain "In increasing numbers," stated the The frame-up character of the case has become the focus of international Washington Post, "students (are] stag­ is revealed by the fact that Forest is protests against the repression and ing demonstrations "to demand more accused by the witch-hunters of being torture. freedom, education reform and am­ a member of both the Communist Par­ The strike upsurge referred to in nesty of political prisoners, and to ex­ ty and the ETA (Euzkadi ta Azka­ the Monitor is continuing. The Jan­ press support for striking industrial tasuna- Basque Nation and Free­ uary 31 Washington Post reported workers." dom). This is clearly a fabrication, that during the first month of 1975, One of the things that most worries since these groups have widely dif­ "an unprecedented number of strikes the Franco regime is the fact that Genoveva Forest and Antonio Duran fering political views. have further shaken the nation's al­ the current workers' struggles are not face possible death sentence. An international defense committee ready weak economy." only around economic demands, but has been established to defend Geno­ Spain is suffering its highest unem­ are increasingly politicaL veva Forest. More than 500 French ployment rate since the 1940s, and One issue has been the workers' op­ Monitor, there are about 450 politi­ feminists signed a half-page appeal the greatest inflation since the civil position to the government-controlled cal prisoners in Spanish jails, prob­ in the French daily Le Monde last war of the 1930s. "unions," which are the only bodies ably a conservative figure. Of these, October for support to· Forest and One of the largest struggles is at that can legally speak for the workers. says the Monitor, 144 have launched the other women in Franco'as jails. A the SEAT automobile works, which In the SEAT struggle, for example, hunger strikes in ten different pris-­ protest meeting of 2,500 persons was employs 26,000 workers, centered in the workers had refused to accept an ons, protesting their confinement and held in December in Paris. the key industrial city of Barcelona. agreement worked out between the of­ conditions in the prisons. In New York City, seventy people On January 13, some 5,000 workers ficial "union" and the government To deal with the growing struggles held a rally across the astreet from the and student supporters took to the They organized demonstrations out­ of the past few years, the Spanish United Nations on January 24 to de­ streets in support of a struggle against side the union headquarters demand­ dictatorship set up a "Public Order nounce the political repression and victimizations that the SEAT work­ ing new elections for representatives Tribunal" to prosecute social and po­ torture in Spain. ers have been waging since No­ in the factory. litical "offenders." The French Trotsky­ The protesters, organized by the Ad vember. Other major issues have been the ist weekly Rouge reported Decem­ Hoc Coalition for Spanish Political In the latest development, the com­ demands for release of political pris-­ ber 20 that, according to official Prisoners, heard speeches b~ Gloria pany had locked out almost the entire oners and for democratic rights. Last sources, in 1973 alone the tribunal Steinem, editor of Ms. magazine; work force for five days and f1red December 200,000 workers in the four heard 2,065 cases concerning more Jacqueline Ceballos of the National 400 of the most militant workers. A Basque provinces staged a two-day than 8,000 persons. Organization for Women; U.S. Rep­ program of layoffs was announced, political strike demanding release of One of the frame-ups that has gained resentative Bella Abzug; Roger Bald­ using as a pretext the international the prisoners, many of whom are in international attention is the arrest of win of the International League for crisis in the automobile industry. jail for supporting the national rights a group of Spain's leading intellec­ the Rights of Man; Allard Lowenstein; Another m ajar struggle took place of the Basque people. tuals in connection with the assassina­ Joel Carlson, president of Amnesty in northern Spain, where forty-five According to the ChritJtian Science tion in December 1973 of premier International; and writer Sol Yurick.

Q. Why did you decide to write a will be able to take countermeasures book about what you'd done in the and reduce the impact of these opera­ SUBSCRIBE TO CIA? tions in their own countries. Another purpoase is to encourage ... CIA A There were a whole series of former and current officers in the CIA ·Intercontinental Continued from preceding page rP.asons for this. I would like, if noth­ who may be working in the kind of ing else, to prick the conscience of job that I had to do the very same Press there was a big general strike in Uru­ Americans and try to bring them thing that I did. They could make World Oulfook can publish oniy a small guay, at one time bringing the whole along the same political trajectory as public the documents they have acceu portion of the international news and economy to a halt and really con­ I experienced since I went into the to and write their own diaries, because Marxist analysis contained each week fronting the government with the CIA, quit, and then decided to write there are many more CIA books to be in the newsmagazine Intercontinental power of the workers, it seemed as a book about it In other words to try written. There's one to be written on Press. To be thorough! y informed of though the Agency didn't have too· and open some minds to the reality Brazil, on Chile, on Iran, on Indo­ International revolutionary develop­ many things it could really do, despite that there isn't a "third way" and that nesia, on the Phoenix program in Viet­ ments, subscribe to Intercontinental all its penetration. the U. S. is merely trying to disguise nam (a CIA-initiated program involv­ Press. the old imperialism with a new cloak. ing the systematic murder of all sus-­ A Yes. The march of events in Uru­ I hope to contribute to the growing pected supporters of the National ) Enclosed is $7.50 for six months. guay shows us just what the Agency campaign in the United States to call Liberation Front; resulted in tens of ) Enclosed is 50 cents for a single could and couldn't do. It couldn't into question these activities, and to thousands of deaths). copy of the latest issue. break the trade unions. The only al­ work for the eventual abolition of the I want to encourage all former and ternative eventually was a fascist-type CIA as part of the o~erall process current employees of the Agency to Name'------dictatorship. That's what they have of weakening and finally defeating the tell the world the truth. It's not dif­ right now- the most terrible, unspeak­ ruling capitalist minority in the United ficult For instance, when I was work­ Address ______able repression that anyone could ever States. ing on this book I was going through imagine. So all the penetration of the Most importantly, I want to show back files of newspapers of the coun­ City------CIA in the left-wing organizations, the the methodology that lies behind the tries where I'd been working and it trade unions and the student move­ C lA 's operations which is true not just was like looking through CIA files State ______ment, and the government, can't solve for Latin America, but the entire themselves. Because practically every­ the problem- it can only make it world. This is so that the revolution­ thing the CIA does has a viasible effect. Send to: lnterco·ntlnental Press, Box 116 much worse. ·This is what has hap­ ary movement can understand better The trouble is that most people don't Village Station, New York, N.Y., 10014. pened in Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, the nature of the enemy and learn realize that the hand of the CIA is be­ Brazil, Bolivia. to spot and combat it better. They hind many incidents. ... ten years later: who killed Malcolm X? Continued from bade page where possible an effort should be feud between the Muslims and Mal­ made to capitalize upon existing con-. colm's movement. How could they flicts between competing black nation­ know so fast? alist organizations." Although the official story is full One unexplained event that smells of holes, that doesn't necessarily prove like a cop or FBI operation was the that government agents killed Mal­ burglary of Percy Sutton's law office colm. But there are plenty of other on the night of March 1, 1965. Sut­ facts that point in that direction. ton had been one of Malcolm's The New York Journal-American of lawyers. Feb. 22, 1965, said, "According to the Someone rooted through Sutton's police spokesman, the department files and took three affidavits of Mal­ knew in mid-January that an attempt colm's. They were signed by women was to be made on Malcolm's life." who had worked for Black Muslim How did they know? leader Elijah Muhammad and swore to improprieties committed by him. Malcolm's fears Just 12 days before his assassina­ New inquiry needed tion, Malcolm planned to speak in There are plenty more questions Paris. But the French government, in than there are answers about the as­ an unusual move, barred him from sassination of Malcolm X. Black peo­ the country. Officials said that Mal­ ple, especially, want to know the truth colm's speech could have "provoked about what happened in the Audu­ demonstrations that would trouble the bon Ballroom that day a decade ago. public order." The multitude of inquiries by con­ ' But Malcolm's associates later said gressional committees into FBI and the real reason was that the French CIA crimes haven't even touched on government feared Malcolm would be this case. The ruling class that wanted assassinated while in Franc-e. Why? Malcolm dead, and possibly arranged Malcolm's home was bombed the his murder, can hardly be relied on week before he was gunned down, and to uncover the truth. he publicly accused the Muslims. But What is needed now is an indepen­ in the days before his murder he be­ dent commission of inquiry, respon­ gan to doubt this. He said that he sible to the Black community, that was "not at all sure that it's the could demand access to the still-secret Muslims." files on the assassination. As he was waiting to speak at the A Black commission was set up in Audubon, he told people that he was Detroit in the early part of 1973 to going to say publicly that he had look into police terror against Blacks doubts about the Muslims' responsi­ by the self-styled "anticrime" STRESS bility for the bombing. He had be­ pect is that it was a reporters' mix­ glasses of his was distorted and dark. unit ("Stop the Robberies, Enjoy Safe come convinced that there was a plot up and that two cops on the scene But he made it darker still with his Streets") of the Detroit police depart­ to kill him bigger than the Mu~lims ment. The commission's findings and were capable of. who had grabbed the same suspect exaltation of fanaticism. each told reporters about it separately. "Yesterday someone came out of that community protests soon prompted Did government agents use Mal­ police officials to dism.antle STRESS. colm's own public accusation against Goldman, however, got this version darkness that he spawned, and killed from the police department itself. him." Another Black commission was the Muslims as a cover for their as­ created after the police slaughter of sassination plot? About Malcolm, Goldman admits, Black students at Southern University though, that the cops "tapped his tele­ 'Cointelpro' in Louisiana in 1972. That 14-mem­ phones; they bugged his office, his Last March evidence of a massive ber body· found solid evidence of po­ Role of 'BOSS' meetings, even the tiny dressing cubi­ government operation to destroy the lice guilt and even prompted the Loui­ The police admitted that "several" cle just offstage at the Audubon; they Black liberation movement came to siana governor to testify before it. members of tl:ie "BOSS" unit were in shadowed him; they taped and tran­ light in once-secret FBI memos code­ The mystery murder of Malcolm X, the audience at the Audubon. BOSS scribed his speeches; they bought fact named "Cointelpro" ( "Counterintelli­ however, remains unsolved. is the super-secret Bureau of Special and gossip from informers.... " gence program"). One detective on the case told Gold­ Services, the "red squad" of the New Although Coyle led the murder in­ These documents call on FBI agents man, "I'm satisfied we had the three York police department. vestigation, he was responsible to San­ "to expose, disrupt, misdirect, discred­ gunmen. I'm not satisfied that we had After talking to one high-ranking ford Garelik, the assistant chief inspec­ it, or otherwise neutralize the activi­ everybody involved." cop, Milton Lewis wrote in the Feb. 23, tor in charge of the police depart­ ties of black nationalist, hate-type or­ The police and government consid­ 1965, Herald Tribune, "It is no secret ment's Central Office Bureau and ganizations and groupings, their lead­ er the case closed. ·And we are left that BOSS police-who never wear Squads. ership, spokesmen, membership, and with "objective" treatments like Gold­ uniforms- have credentials to cover Garelik was formerly head of the supporters.... " man's, which reject from the outset a almost any situation, so that if they BOSS unit. He rose in the department, The FBI's goal, according to one government conspiracy. were required to have a card or em­ before retiring to the highest position memo, is to "prevent the rise of a The hidden facts are there to be ex­ blem of the Black Nationalist sect it for a uniformed cop, chief inspector. 'messiah' who could unify, and elec­ posed. is a safe bet that they had them." , (In July 1970, as city council pres­ trify, the militant black nationalist Hayer, the one man with key in­ In 1970, during the New York ident, Garelik tried to block creation movement." formation, is now at Napanoch Pris­ Panther 21 trial, a police agent sur­ of the Knapp Commission on police The memos also reveal how the FBI on and is an Attica defendant. He faced-Gene Roberts, who had been corruption, declaring, "this is one of tries to foment division among Black knows more than he has yet said .. in the Panthers since 1968 and in the most important votes I'll ever cast organizations, which they no doubt The files of BOSS are in New York Malcolm's organization before that. in city government.") did with Malcolm's organization and City; the FBI files are in Washing­ Roberts was a member of BOSS. Since 1965, Malcolm's tombstone has the Muslims. ton, D. C.; the C lA files are in Although he had wormed his way cast a long shadow over the develop­ One memo says: "No opportunity Langley, Va. into a position of trust in Malcolm's ment of Black leadership, and the gov­ should be missed to exploit through Open up those files! Let the truth organization, he was never called dur­ ernment has benefited the most from counterintelligence techniques the or­ come out; it's on our side. The decade ing the trial to testify on his activites. this. It is no secret that the U. S. rul­ ganizational and personal conflicts of since Malcolm's death has been too To this day Roberts has never made ers despised Malcolm and wasted no the leaderships of the groups and long. public his police work in Malcolm's tears at his passing. group. How many other police or The New York Times, in an edi­ FBI agents were inside the group, torial the day after his assassination, and what were they doing? Were they reflected this hatred: Malcolm X books at the Audubon? "Malcolm X had the ingredients for BY ANY MEANS NECESSARY by Malcolm X. Edited by George Breitman. The cop who led the murder investi­ leadership, but his ruthless and fanat­ 192 pp., $S. 9S, paper $1. 9S. gation, Joseph Coyle, told author ical belief in violence not only set him THE LAST YEAR OF MALCOLM X by George Breit,nan. 169 pp., $S.9S, paper Peter Goldman, "When you got under­ apart from the responsible leaders of $J.9S. cover people, you don't like to reveal the civil rights movement and the MALCOLM X ON AFRO-AMERICAN HISTORY. 7 4 pp., $1.2S. 'em. You don't want to throw out the overwhelming majority of Negroes. THE ASSASSINATION OF MALCOLM X by George Breitman and Herman whale to catch a fish." It also marked him for notoriety, and Porter. 60 cents. Goldman is a senior editor at News­ for a violent end.... MALCOLM X: THE MAN AND HIS IDEAS by George Breitman. SO cents. week magazine who became a cop "Malcolm X's life was strangely and MYTHS ABOUT MALCOLM X: TWO VIEWS by Reverend Albert Cleage and hanger-on while gathering materials pitifully wasted. But this was because George Breitman. SO cents. for his 1973 book, The Death and Life he did not seek to fit into society or TWO SPEECHES BY MALCOLM X. SO cents. of Malcolm X. The book backs the into the life of his people. He could police version that the Muslims were not even come to terms with his fel­ Order from: responsible for Malcolm's murder. low black extremists. The world he Pathfinder Press, 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014. Goldman's theory on the second sus- saw through those horn-rimmed

THE MILITANT/FEBRUARY 21, 1975 19 In Review Marxist analysis of civil rights struggle Who Killed Jim Crow? by Peter Camejo. Pathfinder Press, 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014. New York, 1975. 32 pp., $.60 The Racist Offensive Against Busing by Willie Mae Reid, Peter Camejo, and others. Path­ finder Press. New York, 1974. 32 pp., $.50 From Mississippi to Boston: The demand for troops to enforce civil rights. An Education for Socialists bulletin issued by the national education department, Socialist Workers Party. Distributed by Pathfinder Press. New York, 1975. 32 pp., $.75.

A new civil rights movement. That's the perspective that has been projected by militant Black students and others who have organized the National Stu­ dent Conference Against Racism t.o take place in Boston Feb. 14-16. Unlike the movement of the 1960s, this time the struggle is arising in the North. This time it is the big northern cities where rac_ist mobs, together College student being arrested in 1960 sit-in at segregated lunch counter. Civil rights struggles of 1950s and with Democratic and Republican politicians, are '60s have many lessons for student activists today . . trying to halt the drive of Black people toward equal rights. And this time the issue is not Jim Crow laws, Fred Halstead explains the history of segrega­ in the Boston struggle. The articles, taken from but the de facto segregation of schools and tion in Boston, the reasons for the strength of the The Militant and Intercontinental Press, defend housing- a problem that goes to the racist foun­ racists in the Boston school committee, and the the position of the Socialist Workers Party and the dations . of the American capitalist system itself. situation of the white working class of South Bos­ Young Socialist Alliance in favor of the troops ton. slogan, as against the various positions taken by Peter Camejo's pamphlet Who Killed Jim Crow? Revolutionary Union, the Guardian newspaper, the explains what the current antiracist movement can Spartacist League, the Communist Party, and Pamphlets learn from the mass-action strategy of the earlier others. civil rights movement. The second section shows how The Militant and It is fortunate that these three pamphlets are This pamphlet will be especially appreciated by the SWP approached the question when it arose available so soon after the outbreak of the struggle young activists who are not familiar with the his­ during the struggles in Little Rock, Ark., and Sel­ in Boston. The continuing confrontation in Boston tory of the civil rights movement. ma, Ala, in· the 1960s and ar-ouncJ. the lynching calls for action by the Black community and its of Emmett Till in 1955. allies. These pamphlets can help orient those in­ Readers can find out how the Montgomery bus Perhaps the most interesting part of this bul­ terested in building an effective movement to defeat boycott, the Woolworth picketing movement, the letin is the excerpts from a discussion by the SWP the racists. freedom rides, and the sit-ins all won their vic­ political committee on the troops slogan in 1957. The Racist Offensive Against Busing presents tories through massive direct action, and how the The discussion reflects the rich experience of such a vivid picture of the scene in Boston last fall civil rights forces were later divided, sold out, and veterans of the labor, socialist, and Black libera­ when the conflect over busing exploded. Willie repressed by the actions of Democratic Party pol­ tion movements as Clifton DeBerry, Farrell Dobbs, Mae Reid, who served as a monitor on one of the iticians. Joseph Hansen, and George Weissman. buses transporting Black students to South Boston The Education for Socialists bulletin From Mis­ Their discussion of the troops slogan leads into High, describes the racist indignities and threats sissippi to Boston: The demand for troops to en­ a rich exposition of the Marxist method of political that the students face every day. Elizabeth Stone· force civil rights deals with questions of revolu­ analysis. It is an illuminating lesson in how a gives a flavor of the virulence of racism unleashed tionary tactics and principles in relation to the de­ revolutionary leadership comes to grips with the in Boston with an account of a Ku Klux Klan mand for federal troops. actual level of mass consciousness and develops rally held at the height of the antibusing cam­ The first part of the pamphlet explains the ap­ a program and set of demands that can advance paign. propriateness of this demand as it has been raised that consciousness. -CAROLINE LUND

~Love and Anarchy': passion vs. politics love and Anarchy. Directed by Lina Wert­ introduced to the raucous life of the bordello, where He becomes preoccupied with the grisly stories he muller. the residents copy the hairdos of Hollywood stars has heard about the sadistic tortures the fascists and keep shrines to the virgin Mary on their dress­ save for their most hated enemies- the anarchists. A small boy, Tunin, wonders what the word anar­ ers. In his moment of truth, Tunin is forced to con­ chist means. "An anarchist is somebody who shoots As in Wertmuller's later film, The Seduction of sider what he is about to do more const:iously a king and then is hanged," he is told. When he Mimi, the female characters in Love and Anarchy than anything he has ever done before. He decides grows up, he becomes one. are more stable, perceptive, and conscious individ­ to go through with it Enraged by the murder of an anarchist friend uals, although a man is the central figure. Tripolina, who is not concerned with politics, by Mussolini's fascist thugs, Tunin vows to carry Like Tunin, Salome is consumed with a desire begs him not to do it. She tries to save his life out the dead man's mission- the assassination for revenge against the thugs who killed her boy­ by preventing him from reaching the rally. of the dictator. friend. It is she who conceives the assassination Salome, at first enraged at Tripolina for want­ Love and Anarchy is the work of Lina Wert- plan, and she props up Tunin when he begins to ing to keep Tunin from his mission, admits in ·the waver. end that she doesn't want him to die either. She Salome turns her profession to good account by sees it as a matter of human consciousness admit­ prying information from one of her customers­ ting defeat bY. human passion. We are all slaves Film the head of security for a big public rally at which to our emotions, she says. Mussolini is scheduled to speak. One of Wertmuller's stated aims is to demonstrate muller, an enormously talented and politically Through the character of the security chief, Wert­ that anarchism and political assassination are not knowledgeable Italian writer-director. This film muller insightfully reveals the psychological and viable methods to end the tyranny and injustice ranks her with the best in th·e movie world- a social makeup of fascism. Mussolini's man is an that her films so eloquently protest. world where a woman director of any kind is a arrogant, backslapping, self-proclaimed stud who Love and Anarchy is a fast-paced, agitated, and rarity. can't stop bragging about the superiority of fascists emotionally charged virtuoso piece of film making, Tunin is as nai:ve, quiet, and honest as his over the rest of the human race. At the same time made possible to a large extent by the perfor­ straw-colored beard, mournful eyes, and cracked it becomes rather obvious that all the bravado is mances of Giancarlo Gianinni ( Tunin) and Mari­ voice. For him, anarchism is an impassioned re­ a result of a neurotic obsession about his mascu­ angela Melato (Salome). But it is also a reflection sponse to tyranny and injustice rather than an linity. of Wertmuller's abilities that extremes of passion ideology. The situation gets more complicated when the and sentiment, which could easily degenerate into He makes his way to Rome where he is to con­ bordello's youngest resident, Tripolina, and Tunin melodrama, are convincingly portrayed. tact a more experienced anarchist, Salome. She fall in love with each other. As the day of the as­ The film concludes powerfully, demonstrating at turns out to be the star attraction of the fanciest sassination attempt approaches, the fact that he will once the barbarism of Italian fascism and the hero­ whorehouse in town. Here the shy country boy is . probably die begins to have an impact on Tunin. ism of its opponents. -MIGUEL PENDAS

20 an option on the book to translate ical harrassment. The YSA, in re­ and publish it in German. sponse, has initiated a campaign to Woman's • More than 1,200 copies· of the force the RSB on campus to repudiate book have gone to retail bookstores. such attacks. A statement published in A celebration of the book's publica­ the student newspaper and widely cir­ Evolution' tion is being sponsored by Pathfinder culated on campus reads, in part: Press on March 9 in New York. "This kind of violence must be con­ Evelyn Reed will be the featured demned! ... Calm political discus­ wins Wide speaker at a program on ''Woman's sion and debate involving an ex­ Part in History" in Tishman Auditori­ change of ideas is the correct method um, New York University. Other for resolving disagreements. The vio­ acclaim speakers include Ana Rivera, editor lence perpetrated by the RSB against of El Tac6n de la Chancleta; Myrna the YSA Jan. 27 represents a danger­ By JON BRITTON Lamb, playwright; Joan Mellen, film 'Vast and impressive scholarship. ous precedent for the left as a whole." critic; and Dr. Barbara Roberts, a The statement had broad endorse­ Reed's harvest of 20 years research leader of the abortion rights move­ has paid off handsomely in a fresh ment and was also published in the ment. Willie Mae Reid, Socialist Work­ Portland &ribe, a local alternative view of women's history that will be ers Party candidate for vice-president, difficult for other scholars to re­ newspaper.- Among the signers of the will chair the meeting. statement was Professor Frank Giese. fute. . . . Certain to become a classic The program will be followed by a MARIA BARRENO: Portuguese feminist text in women's history, her book is A prominent radical in the Portland reception. For more information call is touring eight U.S. cities. area, Giese is a founder and staff lucid and absorbing reading." This is Pathfinder Press at (212) 741-0692. part of what Publishers Weekly, the member of the United Front Bookstore and is sympathetic to the views expres­ most widely read and influential trade short stay in Atlanta, Ga., where in sed in the Guardian newspaper. journal of the publishing industry, addition to news interviews, campus Other endorsers are: Linda Para, said about Evelyn Reed's new book, meetings, and an autograph party Woman's Evolution, in its Jan. 27 member of the Chicano Student hosted by the National Organization Union; Bruce Baye, member of the issue. Maria for Women, she addressed 100 people This review follows on the heels of Progressive Arts Board; Hooshang at a meeting sponsored by USLA in Sepehri, officer of cultural affairs of a number of favorable comments on defense of women political prisoners. the book by prominent feminists. Just the Iranian Student Association; and Barreno Continuing on to Los Angeles, Bar­ prior to its appearance, Kate Millett, John Seymour, member of the Chiron reno spoke to large audiences at the author of Sexual Politics and Flying Committee. University of California at Los An­ stated, "How long this needed doing. on tour geles, California State University, and And how important to women today that the myth -of eternal and preor­ San Diego State University. dained patriarchy be exploded. And In Los Angeles USLA sponsored in U.S. a meeting around the theme of "Wom­ Frame-up at last we have a good solid real By EMMA JACKSON woman anthropologist to do it. I look en Political Prisoners" at which Bar­ forward to a landmark book." Maria Isabel Barreno addressed reno was the featured speaker. Other audiences of more than 200 people at speakers included Professor Norma trial of And Elizabeth Fisher, editor of Aph­ ra magazine, calls Woman's Evolu­ Rice University and the University of Chinchilla of the University of Cali­ tion "A provocative book containing Houston while on tour in Houston fornia at Irvine and Sharon D' Aliello much valuable information." Jan. 27-30. of the City Terrace chapter of the Ra­ 'Houston The fact that Woman's Evolution is Barreno is one of three Portu­ za Unida Party. One hundred thirty now going into its second printing, guese women who wrote New Por­ five people attended this USLA defense 12!1opens prior to the formal publication date of tuguese Letters, a book banned by meeting. March 8, is a further measure of the the Portuguese dictatorship before the Barreno's tour will continue in San By TOM VERNIER positive response this book has elicit­ coup last April. The "Three Marias," Francisco, Seattle, New York, and HOUSTON- Five of the Houston 12 ed. It bodes well for the aggressive as the women became known, were Boston during coming weeks. went on trial here Feb. 3. The five­ sales and promotion campaign being put on trial for "abusing freedom of Miguel Trujillo, Jose Barriga, Alex carried out by Pathfinder Press with the press." International protests Rodriguez, William Christiansen, and the help of hundreds of feminist and helped win their freedom. Bartee Haile- face charges that could socialist activists throughout the coun­ "The Portuguese government," Bar­ mean life imprisonment. try. reno told a reporter from the Houston The charges stem from a picket line Most of the copies of the first print~ Post, "began to know, began to hear RUers called by Youth Against War and of the [international] effort. From Fascism (YAWF) on Oct 9, 1973, every part of the world they called to protest U.S. involvement in the Lisbon, some diplomat asking, 'But attack Arab-Israeli war. The protest was held what can I do? Women here are dem­ outside a large indoor rally organized onstrating, passing petitions for the to raise money and support for the three Marias.' The government be­ 'Militant' Zionist war machine. The YAWF came very upset." demonstrators were attacked and Barreno is currently on an eight­ beaten by Houston police, who were city tour of the United States. Her sellers armed with blackjacks and had dogs. Twelve of the picketers were arrested meetings across the country are being PORTLAND, Ore. -Militant salesper­ and charged with "assault on a police sponsored by a variety of organiza- son Fred White was physically attack­ officer." Five of the 12 also face the tions. · ed here Jan. 27 by members of the more serious charge of "assault with While traveling in this country, she Maoist Revolutionary Union (RU) intent to murder a police officer." The is gathering information on American and the Revolutionary Student Bri­ maximum sentence for this offense is feminism, which she will use in a book gade (RSB) life. she is writing on male-dominated cul­ White, a member of the Socialist The original indictment against the ture. Workers Party, was selling The Mili­ five was thrown out last May by Har­ While in Texas, Barreno also spoke tant outside of a forum at Portland ris County Judge Andrew Jefferson. to students at College of the Mainland State University (PSU) sponsored by Jefferson agreed with ·defense argu­ and at the University of Texas in the RSB. When he got to the forum ments that the grand jury indictments Austin. ,he was told that he would not be were invalid because the panel was In her talks Barreno stresses the allowed to sell the paper. Epithets were not representative of the defendants' screamed at him and he was told that .·· .... ·. :: need to defend Inez Romeo, a Brazil­ peers. The ruling forced the district EVELYN REED: Her new book has gone ian woman condemned to life impris­ "the people will annihilate fascist scum attorney to obtain new indictments into second printing before publication. onment for political activity. Romeo like you." from a more "representative" grand has been brutally tortured. More than The R Uers then tried to take away jury. 400 signatures were collected on pe­ White's newspapers. When this failed, A statement released by Pedro VAs­ ing of 5,000 have already been dis­ titions on Romeo's behalf by the U.S. the Maoists decided to call the campus quez, a Chicano activist and a leader tributed: Committee for Justice to Latin Ameri­ police. However, before the cops got of the Socialist Workers Party in there, seven or eight more members • Three hundred review copies have can Political Prisoners ( USLA) during Houston, pointed out that "the case been distributed. This is the best re­ of the RU and the RSB arrived. Em­ Barreno's tour in Texas. of the Houston 12 is a classic example sponse from review media that Path­ boldened by their numbers, they rip­ Barreno held several newspaper and of making the victim look like the finder Press has ever experienced. ped White's papers from his hands, television interviews during her stay criminal. For merely using their con­ • Nine hundred copies of Woman's grabbed him, and punched and kicked stitutionally protected right to protest Evolution have been ordered by in Houston. One of these was an inter­ him. view with Elma Barrera on "News government policies, members of branches of the Socialist Workers Par­ This was the second incident of this YAWF were beaten and arrested by in Spanish," and another was an inter­ ty and locals of the Young Socialist type in Portland. In December a mem­ Houston police. view as part of a pilot series on nota­ Alliance. Most areas received their ini­ ber of the PSU Young Socialist Al­ "With its record of surveillance, in­ ble women. tial orders around the end of January. liance, Judy Stranahan, was confront­ timidation, and collaboration with Seventeen areas have reordered once, She also attended an autograph par­ ed by three members of RU while right-wing terrorists, the Houston po­ and five have reordered twice. ty to celebrate the recent release of selling The Militant outside a super­ , lice department is the real criminal. e One thousand copies of the new - her book by Doubleday & Co., Inc., market. The three, including the RU's The Socialist Workers Party calls on book have been sent abroad, particu­ and attended a wine-and-cheese party chairperson, threatened to beat her all who support civil liberties and larly to England, Canada, Australia, to raise f!lnds for International Wom­ up and forcibly took her papers away. democratic rights to join us in de­ and New Zealand. en's Year. The RSB has repeatedly stated that manding: Drop all the charges now­ One German publisher has requested Barreno arrived in Houston from a it intends to continue this kind of phys- Free the Houston 12!"

THE MILITANT/FEBRUARY 21, 1975 21 8 p.m. 4635 El Cajon Blvd. Donation: SJ. Ausp: Mili­ Party and they can't be in here with protested the increasing harassment of tant Forum. For more information coll(71 4) 280-1292. me?" Black youth by the Berkeley police. Reiko Obata, a member of the Amer­ SEATTLE Atkins's departure marked the con­ SOCIALIST WORKERS PARTY CAMPAIGN RALLY. tinuing withdrawal of Black elected ican Federation of State, County and Calendar Municipal Employees Local 1695, Speakers: Ed Heisler, cochoirperson, SWP I 976 na­ officials from the assembly. Many ATLANTA tional campaign committee; Stephanie Coontz, con­ Black Democrats were present at the participated in a panel on "New tributor to International Socialist Review. Sot., March I, MALCOlM X: THE RELEVANCE OF HIS IDEAS TODAY. Gary convention, but their number Trends in the Labor Movement." Speaker: Vince Eagan, staff coordinator, Notional Stu· 8 p.m. 5623 University Way N. E. For more informa­ She discussed unemployment among tion coll(206) 522-7800. was substantially reduced by the time dent Conference Against Racism. Film': Malcolm X. youth. Fri., Feb. 21, 8 p.m. 68 Peachtree St., Third Floor. of the Little Rock gathering. Since _ WASHINGTON, D. C. Carole Seligman focused on the Donation: Sl.50. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more in· then the exodus has contiP-ued. MALCOLM X MEMORIAL: REVOLUTIONARY POLITICS progress of the Coalition of Labor formation coll(404) 523-0610. Gary Mayor Richard Hatcher, head IN AFRICA. Speakers: Roger Morris, ex-aide to Henry Union Women (CL UW) in aiding DENVER Kissinger; others. Fri., Feb. 21, 8 p.m. 1345 E St. of the assembly's political council and women in their struggle for equality. STEWARDESSES AND THE FIGHT FOR WOMEN'S N. W., Fourth Floor. Donation: SJ. Ausp: Militant For· one of the few remaining prominent !Jm. For more information coll(202) 783-2391. She is vice-president of the San Fran­ RIGHTS. Speakers: Nan Welmers, a notional coor­ elected officials in the assembly, was dinator of Stewardesses for Women's Rights; Sharon cisco chapter of CL UW. Noelke, Denver coordinator, Stewardesses for Wom­ visibly uncomfortable during much of Walter Johnson, head of Retail en's Rights. Fri., Feb. 21, 8 p.m. 1203 California. the meeting and left the gathering early. Clerks Local 1100, called for a deep­ Donation: SJ. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more informa­ ening of unified efforts to aid labor tion call(303) 623-2825. ... Camejo against the mounting onslaught of the Continued from page 6 employers. He pointed to the solidar­ HOUSTON ers, raised $1,100 for the socialist MALCOlM X: THE MEANING OF HIS WORDS AND ity shown around the San Frat:tcisco campaign. DEEDS FOR TODAY'S BLACK MOVEMENT. Speakers: ... files Sears strike last year as an example Joining Camejo on the platform was Ovide Duncantelle, Black acliv is I; Sara Johnston, So­ Continued from page 14 of the type of action needed. cialist Workers Party. Fri., Feb. 21, 8 p.m. 331 I Mont­ Mary J o Vogel, the Young Socialist Tres del Barrio. Lawton, a Riverside, A panel on "The Crisis in the Econ­ rose, Second Floor. Donation: SJ Ausp: Militant Forum. candidate for student body president Calif., Black activist, is currently being For more information coll(71 3) 526-I 082. omy" featured Gaile Wixson; Jack Ras­ at GSU; Vince Eagan, the 1974 social­ tried for the third time on a frame-up mus, an organizer for the Communi­ ist gubernatorial candidate; and CLASSES IN MARXISM. Learn basics of socialism from charge of killing a policeman. Los cation Workers of America; and a James Harris, the 1974 Georgia SWP writings of Marx, Engels, lenin, and Trotsky. Satur­ Tres were convicted after being en~ representative of the Union of Radical days at 4 p.m. Address: some as above. candidate for Congress. Greetings trapped into shooting a federal nar­ Political Economists. were presented by Lilly Correa, a cotics agent posing as a drug pusher. LOS ANGELES: CENTRAL-EAST MALCOLM X'S LEGACY FOR THE BLACK STRUGGLE. leader of the GSU Women for the Lawton was one of the speakers at Speaker: Willie Petty, Socialist Workers Party candi­ Equal Rights Amendment. the rally, as was Isabel Chavez, a date lor board of education; excerpts from loped The socialist campaign has received representative of the Los Tres defense speeches by Malcolm X. Fri., Feb. 21, 8 p.m. 710 extensive media coverage in Atlanta. committee. ... Peru S. Westlake Ave. Donation: SJ. Ausp: Militant Forum. Camejo was on television news for the Both Meeropol brothers emphasized For more information colli21 3) 483-1512. Continued from page 15 first three days of his tour there. His that the demand to reopen the Rosen­ come to bring it down. In the eyes of LOS ANGELES: WEST SIDE news conference Feb. 5, where he pre­ berg case was not simply a matter of the poor masses it has become a re­ REOPENING THE ROSENBERG CASE. Speaker and sented a socialist alternative to Ford's vindicating their parents, but would pressive government, a defender of videotape film on frame-up of Julius and Ethel Rosen­ budget, was featured for several min­ contribute to today's fight against po­ privilege. And the impoverished mass­ berg. Fri., Feb. 21, 8 p.m. 230 Broadway, Santa Mon­ utes on Channel 2 TV. ica. Donation: Sl. Ausp: Westside Militant Forum. For litical frame-ups and repression. They es of Peru are apparently unwilling to more information calli213) 394-9050. The socialist presidential candidate pointed out that the witch-hunt atmo­ wait any longer for the promised im­ also traveled to Nashville, Tenn., sphere of the 1950s no longer holds provements in their standard of living. PHILADELPHIA where he spoke to meetings at Vander­ sway, and that in the wake of the Wa­ The left demagogy and bureaucratic LAYOFFS AND UNEMPLOYMENT: .WHO'S NEXT> bilt University and Fisk University, tergate revelations it is particularly "mass organization," largely copied Speakers: Howard Deck, president, American Federa­ tion of State, County ond Municipal Employees local a mostly Black school. opportune to strike blows against the from the Stalinists, no longer seems to 590; Caroline Rich, Operation PUSH; Bessie Shute, Camejo held a news conference in witch-hunters. }:lave any effect in rallying support president, Teamsters local 47 4; Dick Osborne, So­ Nashville with Ben Harris, Tennessee for what has become international cialist Workers Party. Fri., Feb. 21, 8 p.m. 1004 Fil­ ballot coordinator for the SWP. Har­ Stalinism's main model of a "progres­ bert St. Donation: SJ. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more ris told the media that a major effort information call 121 5) W A 5-431 6. sive, democratic revolution." would be made in 1976 to secure ... SWP Only genuinely revolutionary forces PORTLAND Tennessee ballot status for the social­ Continued from page 17 that have remained loyal to the work­ HOW TO FIGHT RACISM: A REPORT FROM BOSTON. ist ticket. In 1972, the SWP candidates ing-class and the poor masses of Peru Speakers: a panel of participants in the National Stu­ were undemocratically ruled off the president of the Berkeley High School dent Conference Against Racism held at Boston Uni­ Parent-TeaclJ.er Association, and Avis are likely to be able to convince the versity. Fri., Feb. 21, 8 p.m. 208 S. W. Stark, Filth ballot although they met all the peti­ people to mobilize against a rightist tion requirements. Worthington, educational writer for Floor. Donation: Sl. Ausp: Militant 6ookstore Forum. the Berkeley Barb, in discussing "The coup. For more information calli5031 226-2715. Crisis in Education." DeBerry called H the government and the left really ST. LOUIS for an end to the High Potential Pro­ want to block imperialist intervention TRENDS IN THE LABOR MOVEMENT TODAY- THE gram in the Berkeley school system. in the internal affairs of Peru, they NEW WORKER MILITANCY. Speaker: Ed Heisler, lor­ "This program helps maintain the ought to at once rescind the expulsion mer international secretory, United Transportation ... assembly tracking system by the use of cultural­ of Hugo Blanco. He is the one leader Union Right to Vote Committee, and cochoirperson, Continued lrom page 13 Socialist Workers I 976 notional campaign committee. ly biased tests," he said. "The funds the most oppressed and exploited Fri., Feb. 21, 8 p.m. 4660 Maryland, Room 17. Dona­ kins was leaving the hall and said he for this program should be used for masses of the Peruvian people still tion: Sl. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information was sorry Atkins had left, but asked, to education for all, instead. of a ·privi­ trust, the one who personifies their colli31 41 367-2520. sustained applause from the audience: leged few." hopes for a "new Peru," and who is "I want to know why these people SAN DIEGO Cooper called the program "in­ able to mobilize them, independently MALCOLM X: 1925-1965. Speakers: Or. Robert Johns; can be in the Democratic Party when human" and said she had asked her of the government, against the forces Omori Musa, Socialist Workers Party. Fri., Feb. 21, George Wallace is in the Democratic children to withdraw from it. She also of reaction. Socialist Directory

ARIZONA: Tucson: YSA, c/o Clennon, S. U. P. 0. Box ILLINOIS: Champaign: YSA, Room 284 lllini Union, 4460 Maryland, Suite 2, St. Louis, Mo. 63108. Tel: lege, Edinboro, Po. I 641 2. 20965, Tucson, Ariz. 85720. Urbano, Ill. 61801. (314)367-2520. Philadelphia: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, I 004 CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oakland: SWP and YSA, Chicago: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, 428 S. Wa­ NEW JERSEY: New Brunswiclc YSA, c/o Richard Ar~ Filbert St. {one block north of Market), Philadelphia, 1849 University Ave., Berkeley, Calif. 94703. Tel: bash, Filth Floor, Chicago, Ill. 60605. Tel: SWP- {31 2) zo, 515 S. First Ave., Highland Pork, N.J. 08904. Po. 19107. Tel: {215) WAS--4316. (41 5) 548-0354. 939-0737, YSA- (31 2) 427-0280, Pathfinder Books­ Tel: (21 0) 828-4710. Pittsburgh: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Press, 3400 Fifth Los Angeles, Central-East: SWP, YSA, Militant Book· j31 2) 939-0756. NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o Spencer livingston, Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213._Tel: {41 2)682-5019. store, 710 S. 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22· Special offer

To help celebrate the tenth anni­ versary of Intercontinental Press, reproductions of sketches by Co­ pain, artist for Intercontinental Press, were published by the New York Local of the Socialist Workers A party and bound in an 8.5" x 11" book. The aim was to use the money gained from sales to help us begin Program publishing articles in Spanish. The drawings, of various sizes, in­ clude portraits of Hugo Blanco, Mal­ to Fight colm X, James P. Cannon, Che Guevara, Cesar Chavez, Leon Trotsky, and many more, some of Racism which are suitable for framing. A limited number of copies of this colledion of drawings are now BLACK LIBERATION AND SOCIALISM Malcolm X available for only $5. Anthology, edited by Tony Thomas. "Extremely useful and readable. It's a serious book and requires serious reading. Good for reference, too."- The New Iowa Intercontinental Press P. 0. Box 116, Village Station New York, NV 10014 · Bystander. "This book, an anthology of articles by five young Black men and women, explores the most urgent social and political problems facing Black Ameri­ cans. These young, militant Black Marxists provide a practical program for com­ bating racism in the United States."- Black Times This analysis of the history, theory, and strategy of the Black movement, probes Secret Documents Exposed Calendar and classified ad rates: 75 cents per line of 56-character-wide type­ the relevance of women's liberation to Black women, calls for a break from FBI Plot Against the written copy. Display ad rates: $10 per the Democratic and Republican parties, advocates the formation of a Black 1n­ column inch {$7.50 if camera-ready ad dependent political party, and points toward the abolition of all the institutions Black Movement is enclosed). Payment must be included of racist oppression and economic exploitation. 208 pp., $9 .00, paper $2.45 with ods. The Militant is published each by Baxter Smith week on Friday. Deadlines for ad copy: Available from bookstores listed in Socialist Directory on facing page or by mail with reprinted FBI memos Friday, one week preceding publication, from: Pathfinder Press, 4.10 West Street, New York, N.Y. 10014. for classified and display ads; Wednes­ day noon, two days preceding publica­ $.35 tion, for calendar ads. Telephone: {212) PATHFINDER PRI!SS 243-6392. 410West Street, New York, N.Y. 10014 Basic reading on socialism SOCIALISM ON TRIAL by James P. Cannon. As a clear and simple PIITSBURGH ------explanation of the principles and aims of revolutionary socialism, Socialism on Trial has become a classic of American socialist literature. 184 pp., $2.25 Socialist campaign THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, introduction by Leon Trotsky,$. 75 AN INTRODUCTION TO MARXIST ECONOMIC THEORY by Ernest Mandel, 80 pp., $1.25 reception & rally ORIGIN OF THE FAMILY, PRIVATE PROPERTY AND THE STATE by Frederick Engels, introduction by Evelyn Reed, 192 pp., $2.25 SATURDAY, FEB. 22. Pittsburgh Socialist Workers Party campaign rally. Speak­ TOWARDS AN AMERICAN SOCIALIST REVOLUTION by Jack er: PETER CAMEJO, SWP 1976 presidential candidate. Reception, 6:30 p.m.; Barnes, George Breitman, Derrick Morrison, Barry Sheppard and rally, 8 p.m. 3400 FIFTH AVE., PITTSBURGH. Ausp: Pittsburgh Socialist Workers Mary-Alice Waters, 208 pp., $2.45 Campai!iJn Committee. For more information call {412) 682-5019. THE TRANSITIONAL PROGRAM FOR SOCIALIST REVOLUTION by Leon Trotsky with introductory essays by Joseph Hansen and George Novack, 250 pp., $2.45 WHAT SOCIALISTS STAND FOR by Stephanie Coontz, $.50 Available at bookstores listed in The Socialist Directory on page 22 or by mail from: Pathfinder Press, 410 West Street, New York, N.Y. Help win new readers 10014. Write for our free catalog of books and pamphlets. for The Militant Read the Young Socialist Join the Young Socialist Order a packet of prepaid subscription cards today and help The Militant Alliance win new readers. The cards are worth a two-month subscription to the paper Members of the Young Socialist Alliance are fighters in the struggle against rac­ and sell for $1 each. When you convince someone on the job, at school, ism in Boston, campus and high school struggles, the womens liberation move­ or in your neighborhood to try a Militant subscription, simply fill in their name and address and drop the card in the nearest mailbox, and you keep ment, the fight of Chicanos to end racist deportations, and other movements for the dollar. social change. Join us! Enclosed is _I would like more information about the YSA __ $5 for 5 cards _ $10 for 11 cards _ I want to join the YSA Name ______Enclosed is$] for 6 months of the Young Socialist Newspaper Name:------Address ______Address: ______.,.------City State ______Zip ------City, State, Zip & Phone:------YSA, P. 0. Box 471, Cooper Station, N.Y., N.Y. 10003 Send to 14Charleslane, NewYork, N.Y. 10014.

THE MlUTANT/FEBRUARY 21, 1975 23 THE MILITANT

ars

By BAXTER SMITH there are as many unanswered ques­ He came out the jail that they put tions' about his death and the ensuing him in. And now they have to bow trial of three men charged with the down to him. Because the one thing crime as Malcolm had questions about he had on his side was truth. and the society he was born in. time. Mter the assassination, The Mili­ Truth is on the side of the oppressed tant-which published Malcolm's today. It's against the oppressor. And speeches at a time when others were time is on the side of the oppressed ignoring or vilifying him, and which today. It's against the oppres­ sponsored several meetings where sor.-Malcolm X speaking of Ben Bel­ Malcolm spoke-published many ar­ la, the Algerian revolutionary. ticles exposing the contradictions in the official police version of the kill­ Big Red came out of the jail that they ing. (These articles are in a pamphlet put him in too. Not as the reefer-smok­ entitled The Assassination of Mal­ ing, zoot-suited, women-running hust­ colm X, which is available from Path­ ler he was when he went in. But as finder Press for 60 cents.) Malcolm X: Muslim, unswervingly op­ The Militant pointed to the possible posed to white society's values, and role of the New York City police, the destined to become the most capable FBI, and the CIA in the killing. To revolutionary leader of Black people many, these questions seemed farfetch­ in the twentieth century. ed. There was no hard evidence. There And now, in a sense and begrudg­ is none today. ingly, they have to bow down to him. But the questions that seemed out­ Malcolm did not have time. His life landish a decade ago-before the ran out too fast. But he did have the American people learned about the Malcolm X addressing a rally in Harlem in June 1963. Questions about government truth. Malcolm told us that "the op­ "Cointelpro" plot to crush the Black role in his assassination remain unanswered. pressor always tries to make the vic­ movement, the CIA domestic opera­ tim look like the criminal and the tion, and other government dirty Hayer was shot and wounded by one The Herald Tribune early edition criminal look like the victim." tricks- today seem more reasonable of Malcolm's guards as he tried to said: "Police Rescue Two Suspects." He told us that the oppressor "robs than ever~ escape and was grabbed outside the In a later edition, however, this also us of our Mrican identity." He told Most accounts agree that just as building by people chasing him. was changed, to "Police Rescue One us that "this system is not designed Malcolm was beginning to speak According to the account in the Feb. Suspect." to produce freedom for the Mro-Amer­ to the crowd at the Audubon Ball­ 22, 1965, New York Daily News, What happened to the other two sus­ ican." He told us that "it doesn't matter room, two men began to scuffle to Hayer and two other suspects were pects? whether you live on the boulevard or draw away the attention of his guards. taken into police custody. The first The cops usually had scores of uni­ in the alley, you're going to catch hell One man rushed the stage, fired both editions of the New York Times and formed men at Malcolm's meetings. just like I am. From the same man. loads of a double-barreled sawed-off the New York Herald Tribune said That day there were hardly any, des­ He just happens to be the white man." shotgun, wheeled around, and raced that Hayer and one other suspect were pite earlier attempts on Malcolm's life. And they killed him for it. for the exit, bowling over shocked taken into custody. Why? But who are "they"? spectators. Two other men whipped But the other suspect or suspects Several days later, the police ar­ out pistols, fired at Malcolm's prone were never identified or heard of rested Norman Butler and Thomas Unanswered questions body, then bolted, covering their trail again. Johnson for the murder of Malcolm X. with gunfire. On J?eb. 21, 1965, three men rose The Tim~ s first edition on Feb. 22 They said that these men were Mus­ from the crowded audience at the Aud­ But that is where the agreement ran a subhead, "Police Hold Two for lims following orders to eliminate Mal­ ubon Ballroom in Harlem, guns ends. Questioning." In a later edition, how­ colm because he had become a "hypo­ ablaze, to take away Malcolm's life. The cops said only one man was col­ ever, this was changed without ex­ crite." Butler, Johnson, and Hayer Today, 10 years later, however, lared at the scene: Talmadge Hayer. planation to "One Is Held in Killing." were all tried and convicted for the assassination.

The confession Butler and Johnson pleaded inno­ offer for new readers cent. But Hayer, the only man caught at the scene, confessed during the trial. Malcolm X spoke several times at The Militant continues to be the He insisted that Butler and Johnson the Militant Labor Forum in New best source of news and analysis had nothing to do with the shooting. York City. In one speech, on Jan. 7, of the Black freedom struggle as · He said neither he nor his accomplices 1965, Malcolm began by saylng: well as of all the struggles of the had ever been Muslims, admitted they "It's the third time that I've had oppressed here and around the were hired for the assassination, but the opp~rtunity to be a guest of the world. said the man who hired them was not Militant Labor Forum. I always Don't miss a single issue. Take a Muslim either. feel that it is an honor, and every advantage of our special introduc­ Hayer's story, however, was never time that they open the door for me tory offer of two months of The pursued by the defense attorneys, the to do so, I will be right here. The Militant for only $1. prosecution, or the police. Militant newspaper is one of the ( ) $1 for two months Thorn as Hoy, the cop identified in best in New York City. In fact, ( ) $7.50 for one year early press accounts as having ar­ it is one of the best anywhere you rested a second suspect, was never go today, because everywhere I go NAME______called to testify at the trial. Why not? I see it. I saw it even in Paris about According to the Feb. 25, 1965, a month ago; they were reading it ADDRESS ______Daily News, the police had taken films over there. And I saw it in some of the Audubon events. But these films parts of Mrica where I was during CITY------were never shown at the trilll. the summer. I don't know how it Why not? gets there. But if you put the right STATE------ZIP ______Less than two hours after the shoot­ Malcolm X said The Militant was 'one of things in it, what you put in it will The Milit.ant, 14 Charles Lane, New ing, a top police official announced the best.' see that it gets around." York, N.Y. 10014. that the killing was the result of a Continued on page 19

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