28456 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1978 available to an individual having the status ity of the agency concerned under regula subchapter VIII of chapter 53 of this title of a preference eligible under section 2108 tions of the head of that agency, that the governing classification and pay, such read (3) (A) if the individual- employee has a hearing impairment, either ing assistants for blind employees and such " (A) is a woman; and permanent or temporary, so severe or dis interpreting assistants for deaf employees "(B) has completed, in the aggregate, at abling that the employment of an interpre as may be necessary to enable such employees least 5 years of civilian service. ting assistant or assistants for the employee to perform their work.". "(2) Such regulation shall provide, to the is necessary or desirable to enable such em (b) (1) The analysis of chapter 31 of title maximum extent practicable, . that no in ployee to perform the work of the em 5, United States Code, is amended by strn-. dividual shall be excluded from considera ployee; and"; lng out the item relating to section 3102 and tion for appointment by reason of the ap (2) in subsection (b), by inserting "and inserting in lieu thereof the following: plication of this subsection." interpreting assistant or assistants for a de :i. f "3102. Employment of reading assistants for Page 208, line 13, strike out "(d)" an in employee" after "or assistants for a blind blind employees and interpreting sert in lieu thereof " ( e) ". employee", and amending the last sentence assistants for deaf employees.". Page 208, line 26, strike out "(e)" and in to read as follows: "A reading assistant or an (2) The caption for section 3102 of title 5, sert in lieu thereof " ( f) ". interpreting assistant, other than the one United States Code, is amended to read as employed or assigned under subsection (d) follows: -Page 209, after line 12, insert the following of this section, may receive pay for services new subsection: performed by the assistant by and from the "§ 3102. Employment of reading assistants INTERPRETING ASSISTANTS FOR DEAF EMPLOYEES blind or deaf employee or a nonprofit orga for blind employees and interpret nization, without regard to section 209 of ing assistants for deaf em SEC. 313. (a) Section 3102 of title 5, United ployees.". States Code, is amended- title 18." (c) Section 410(b) (1) of title 39, United ( 1) by redesignatlng paragraph (4) of (3) in subsection (c), by inserting "or deaf" after "blind"; and States Code, is amended by inserting after subsection (a) as paragraph (5), by strik "open meetings)" a comma and "3102 (em ing out "and" at the end of paragraph (3), ( 4) by inserting at the end thereof the ployment of reading assistants for blind and inserting .after paragraph (3) the fol following new subsection: employees and interpreting assistants for lowing new paragraph ( 4) : " ( d) The head of each agency may also deaf employees) , ". "(4) 'deaf employee' means an individual employ or assign, subject to section 209 of Page 209, line 14, strike out "313." and in employed by an agency who establishes, to title 18 and to the provisions of this title sert in lieu thereof "314.". the satisfaction of the appropriate author- governing appointment and chapter 51 and Conform the table of contents accordingly.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
KEEPING AN EYE ON AIRBUS The OECD Understanding prohibits the use very strongly that such extraordinary gov of extraordinary sales or financing terms by ernment intervention in a commercial sale any government to secure a sale of aircraft. is both inappropriate and unfair. HON. MARK W. HANNAFORD The tie-in of landing rights with an aircraft At present, the OECD Understanding does OF CALIFORNIA sale ls clearly extraordinary and unfair to not exclude the use of such special induce IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES American private aircraft manufacturers. ments, although they run counter to the Consequently, I urge you to take immediate Thursday, September 7, 1978 stated policy of both Franc~ and the United action to persuade the French to rescind States. For this and other reasons, we hope e Mr. HANNAFORD. Mr. Speaker , I these extraordinary terms and allow the to broaden the Understanding such that competition on these particular four planes only market considerations-price, quality have been monitoring with great interest to be decided on the merits of the aircraft. Airbus Industrie negotiations with China and service-will influence the choice of air While I am pursuing a legislative solution craft by an airline. Airlines for the purchase of several wide to this kind of predatory competition, I hope bodied jet aircraft. This is because I your efforts will secure an expeditious set I hope we have your support in our efforts have received information indicating tlement to the problem at hand. Let me know to strengthen the OECD Understanding. that the French Government has taken if I can be of any assistance to you in the Sincerely, the extraordinary step of offering land endeavor. W. MICHAEL BLUMENTHAL .• Sincerely, ing rights in Paris to the Chinese if they MARK W. HANNAFORD, purchase the Airbus A300. Such an offer Member of Congress. would violate international agreements ALCOHOL POWERS AUTOS IN between France and the United States WASHINGTON, D.C., BRAZIL and compel us to take Government pre August 15, 1978. cautions against similar future anticom Hon. MARK w. HANNAFORD, petitive actions on the part of our Euro House of Representatives, HON. PAUL FINDLEY pean comoetitors. Washington, D.C. OF ILLINOIS DEAR MARK: Thank you for your letter of When this matter first came to my at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tention, I wrote to Secretary of the August 1, in which you restated your strong feeling that the French may have violated Thursday, September 7, 1978 Treasury Blumenthal alerting him to the OECD Aircraft Understanding by offer the problem it posed. I insert both that ing landing rights to China Airlines in re • Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, while we letter as well as his response for the turn for purchasing the A-300 Airbus. were in our home districts during the RECORD: As I mentioned in our phone conversation recess, the Washington Post printed on WASHINGTON, D.C., August 1, 1978. of July 31, we are equally disturbed by the August 30 an account of the growing use Hon. w. MICHAEL BLUMENTHAL, report that the French Government may be of alcohol as a motor fuel in Brazil. Secretary of the Treasury, link!ng landing rights to purchases of the The Brazilians are moving ahead rapidly Washington, D.C. Airbus. As a result, we have inquired about in this petroleum-saving technology. DEAR Ma. SECRETARY: As you know from this. Initial reports from our ~mbassies in our telephone conversation of yesterday, I am dicate that although Airbus Industrie may Within 2 years it is planned that gas extremely uoset at the apparent violation of have offered to intercede on behalf of China stations in Brazil will offer only pure the 1975 Aircraft Understanding of the Or Airlines for landing rights in Paris, it 'ts not alcohol or as gasohol mixture of 20 per ganization for Economic Development and the policy of the French Government to cent alcohol and 80 percent gasoline. Cooperation by the French with regard to offer land!ng rights for such reasons. The If the United States were to make a a pending aircraft sale to China Airlines. French state, moreover, that such an offer similar effort, I am certain, we could The Nationalist Chinese were considering the would be contrary to their policy towards purchase of two Douglas Aircraft DC-lOs Peking. benefit from the widespread use of gaso with options for two more. The Airbus A300 We are seeking further information on hol in this country. Gasohol use would was a competitor for this sale. Reportedly this matter from the Republic of China and reduce our need to import foreign oil, the French have offered the Chinese land have indicated to them our concern about help our balance of payments, and pro ing rights in Paris if they purchase the A300 linking landing rights with Airbus purchases. (a privilege they do not presently enjoy), Should the McDonnell Douglas report be vide a new use for American agricultural and reportedly the Chinese have responded confirmed, we would intend to take up the products. The Brazilian example shows favorably to this offer with-a letter of intent. issue with the French. We share your view what is possible with determined effort.
Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., • September 7, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28457 The Post article is well worth noting, and But at the aerospace and technology Brazil on engine modifications and distillery I commend it to my colleagues. Center, a government research facility near improvements that have been developed Text of article follows: here, scientists have undertaken 34 different here. programs to design engines that will run on GAS GUZZLERS BECOMING ALCOHOLICS "Biomass energy just may be the wave of pure alcohol or to convert gasoline engines to the future," said the U.S. oftlcial. "If it is, IN BRAZIL alcohol at minimum cost. Elsewhere, agron (By Larry Rohter) the Brazilians are going to have the jump on omists are engaged in genetic research in an the rest of us." SAO PAULO, BRAZIL.-For the last year, hun attempt to increase yields of crops that wm dreds of state-owned cars with stickers say be distllled into alcohol. Biomass fuels were once associated with ing "This Vehicle Is Powered by Alcohol" Thus far, sugar cane alcohol has received underdevelopment and Brazmans have had have been driven around this city of more more attenticn from the Brazilians, but to overcome their pride to enter the field. than 8 million people. Petrobras, the giant state oil monopoly, has They note, however, that others are follow Local auto parts shops sell a $200 kit to recently begun opera ting a manioc distillery ing-West German and Scandanavian scien convert conventional gasoline engines to run near the industrial city of Belo Horizonte tists have bought the results of Brazilian on pure alcohol. that turns out 16,000 gallons of manioc studies.e A nearby industrial center has just ordered alcohol daily. a fleet of non-polluting alcohol-powered Experimental programs conducted in buses. In half a dozen major cities, Braz111ans major cities have shown that alcohol, TRIBUTE TO SPONSOR AND BOARD now fill the tanks of their car with "gaso whether derived from sugar cane or manioc, OF TRUSTEES OF ST. ELIZABETH hol"-a mixture of 80 percent gasoline and has several major advantages over ordinary MEDICAL CENTER, COVINGTON, 20 percent ethyl alcohol. gasoline. Although it leaves a slight odor, it That mixtures requires no engine modifi burns cooler, cleaner and more efficiently, KY. cation. By 1980, when alcohol production is to giving virtually the same mileage as gasoline, reach 1 billion gallons annually, all pumps but without leaving lead or sulphur pollut are to offer only gasohol or alcohol. ants. Hydrocarb::m residues "can be lowered HON. GENE SNYDER The president of the Braz1Uan Automobile to negligible levels," according to a recent OF KENTUCKY Manufacturers' Association, Mario Carnero, study. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has predicted that by 1981 more than 16 per While alcohol engines are harder to start cent of all cars built here-currently 1 mil than ones that run on gasoline, this is less Thursday, September 7, 1978 lion per year-will come equipped with en of a problem in Brazil's tropical climate • Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, I would gines that burn pure alcohol. than it would be in the temperate United like to take a moment of my colleagues' Only a few year ago, none of these projects States. The BraziUans attach a gadget to the would have been considered practical. In the motor that starts the car each day on a time to pay a well deserved tribute to a heady days of Brazil's economic upsurge in small quantity of pure gasoline. After that, small group of people whose commitment the early 1970s, planners here followed the they say, the residual heat is sufficient for and foresight make them worthy of rec example of the United States and other in the pure alcohol to catch without difficulty. ognition. I refer to the sponsor and dustrialized countries and looked to cheap The converted cars use normal gas tanks board of trustees of the St. Elizabeth gasoline to fuel the booming economy. They and the experts say they have encountered Medical Center in Covington, Ky. gave little thought to "nonconventional" no problems with evaporation. For all the energy sources. interest in alcohol as fuel, the government Since 1860, St. Elizabeth Medical Cen Today, however, Brazil imports 83 percent which is pouring billions of dollars into nu ter has provided the northern Kentucky of its petroleum, costing $4 billion yearly clear and hydroelectric energy programs area with exemplary, personalized health the largest oil import bill in the Southern has proven more reluctant to take what one care. And it does not plan to stop doing Hemisphere. Now, Brazil is seeking its salva foreign energy expert calls "the big leap" to so in the foreseeable future. tion in one of the oldest and most plentiful pure alcohol. Some 10 years ago, the medical cen substances known to man: alcohol distilled "There are no technological reasons what ter's sponsor, the Most Reverend Rich from sugar cane, manioc and other tropical soever to prevent alcohol from eventually plant that grow abundantly in this gia.nt taking the place of gasoline," said Professor ard H. Ackerman, S.T.D., Bishop of Cov land. Jose Goldemberg of the University of Sao ington, and the board of trustees rec The effort is already far enough along that Paulo, president of the BraziUan Society of ognized the limitations imposed by the energy experts consider Brazil the world Physics and one of the strongest advocates center's downtown location in view of leader in using alcohol as a motor fuel. This of the biomass program. "What's holding the southward expansion and general year alone, Brazil's alcohol program will re them back are political and economic con St;burban growth in the area. So they sult in the consumption of 635 m1Ilion gal siderations." went to the drawing board and drew up lons of ethyl alcohol either as a gasoline sub "Petrobras opposes the aicohol program stitute or supplement. a dream-an outlying medical village because the pump price it charges for gaso with a new unit of the St. Elizabeth Med "This is one area of energy research and line is a purely artificial one that is four development in which the Braz111ans have an times the actual cost," Goldemberg said. ical Center as its core. Today that dream advantage not only over us, but over every "Since alcohol currently costs twice as much has been pushed from the drawing board body else," said a White House aide during to make as gasoline, that means both Petro to r·eality and, in mid-October, will open President Carter's March visit here, when the bras' profits and government tax revenues its doors to the public, providing acces United States and Brazil agreed on an energy would drop if a crash program to replace sible medical care for northern Kentucky information exchange program. "There are gasoline with alcohol were put into effect." for many years to come. really a lot of things for us to learn from Proponents of the alcohol program say them." these economic shortcomings are offset by The value of any facility lies in its The process by which vegetable material other gains. Jn widely publicized speechas ability to change with the needs of the or "biomass," as it is technically known-is recently, two influential government minis community it serves and its ability to tran<\formed into alcohol fuel is simple. ters argued that a full-scale pure alcohol plan for and fulfill future needs as well. BraziUans have been converting sugar cane effort would generate jobs in Brazil and The foresight and dedication of Bishop into alcohol by fermentation since colonial that all expenses incurred would be in cruze Ackerman and the trustees has insured v days, and ethyl alcohol was mixed with gas iros, not- dollars-thus avoiding adverse ef that St. Elizabeth Medical Center will be as early as the 1930s. when record low prices fects on Brazil's uncertain balance-of-pay of sugar brought on by the worldwide depres able to provide northern Kentucky-a ments situation. changing community-the same high sion forced Brazil to divert part of its Jn the long run, say both foreign and bumper crop into fuel. Braz111an energy experts, there is no doubt quality of medical care it has come to But systematic investigation of the large that alcohol will emerge as an economically expect from St. Elizabeth Medical scale use of alcohol as a gMoline substitute attractive source of energy, both for Brazil Center. or additive began only with the advent of the and for other nations. international energy crunch in 1973. Jn the Following is a list of the medical cen last five years, Brazil's National Alcohol Com "The trend seems to be that while oil ter's trustees: mission has approved some 170 projects and prices will rise, the price of alcohol will con The Most Reverend Richard H. Ackerman, earmarked $800 million for biomass conver tinue to drop, perhaps by as much as 20 Sponsor, John L. Cassidy, M.D., Charles H. sion and en~ine modification efforts. percent as methods of production become Deters, Merwin Grayson, Jr., Julie Greene, "The emphasis has been not so much on more efficient," says a U.S. official. Sr. Karen J. Hartman S.F.P., Henry M. Mann, / research and development as on the expan Some Brazilian officials are already looking William J. Mersch, M.D., William H. Midden sion and implementation of programs that ahead a decade and predicting that their dorf, Ph.D., Donald H. Niehaus, Charles R. already existed on paper," says an American nation will be able to export alcohol and Perry, M.D., Rev. Msgr. John J. Rolf, James official in Bras111a. "They've mostly done alcohol technology to Africa, Latin America Simpson, Jr., Sr. Yvonne Thranow, D.C., things 1ike modernize old sugar mills and and perhaps even the industrialized world. George E. Weidner, A. Martin Zalla, and Paul improve their distribution system." Patents have already been taken out by C. Bellendorf, Administrator. 28458 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1978 The foresight of these people and their fied thus far in the local well water came they may not be directly involved in the commitment to the health needs of their from its dump. Moreover, Velsicol says its problem. community pushed a dream to reality, dumping was perfectly legal under state laws Earlier this year Michigan Attorney Gen at the time. eral Frank Kelly went to court to recoup $1 and the opening of the St. Elizabeth That leaves federal and state officials with million the state spent to clean out a site in Medical Center-South Unit is a monu a virtual sea of toxic chemicals-including Pontiac. The site wa;s so dangerous, officials ment to their careful planning and their some known carcinogens-auparently fl.owing said, that a spell of hot weather could have dedication to that dream.• into the local water supply and no clear caused some of the chemicals to explode and villain on whom to place the blame. send a toxic chemical cloud fioating over the If the Hardeman County problem seems city's wealthy suburbs. HAZARDOUS WASTE CONTROLS Herculean it is by no means unique. Across The state's efforts to force the issue were the nation, new stores of nearly forgotten, sidetracked, however, when about 17 big highly toxic chemical waste seem to be oozing waste generators, including such names as HON. PAUL FINDLEY into the headlines every week. Federal of Ford and Dow-Corning, agreed to come up OF ILLINOIS ficials estimate there may be as many as 400 with an out-of-court settlement. IN THE HOUSE <;>F REPRESENTATIVES more suspicious hazardous waste sites Right now Michigan is closely watching around the country. And no one seems to another site owned by the Hooker Chemical Thursday, September 7, 1978 know who will pay to clean them up. and Plastics Corp. in Montague. There, quan •Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Sneaker, last Mon Some recent examples: titles of C-56-a chemical building block Authorities in Michigan, nervously keep for several carcinogenic pesticides-is leak day there appeared an excellent article in ing tabs on toxic chemicals leaking from a ing into White Lake, an arm of Lake the Wa~hington Post discussing the prob company dump in Montaigue into Lake Michigan. lems of burying hazardous chemical Michigan, recently checked and were hor Hooker's disposal site, as well as others wastes, which I commend to all my col rified to discover it could cost $100 million in the state, may be legal, said Stewart Free leagues. Within my district, in the town to clean up similar hazardous waste sites man, an assistant state attorney general. of Wilsonville, Jll., lies a hazardous waste around the state. "There's no way we're go "But even assuming it is legal we can still trea:tment facilitv which was recently ing to ask the taxpayers to ante up for that," say: all right you contain it or you pay for said a state official. it," he said. ordered shut down by an Illinois circuit In Massachusetts, health officials got an Hooker also operated the Love Canal site court judge, because of the dangerous emergency $1.3 million from the state legis in Niagara Falls before deeding the site to a health hazards it posed to the local lature to remove 17,000 barrels of toxic chem local school district under threat, according community. icals leaking from an abandoned lot in Lowell to the company, of condemnation proceed Legislation I have introduced, H.R. into the Merrimac River, the water source for ings against lt. 8657, is designed to deal with the dan several downstream communities. State offi Under a preliminary agreement, Hooker gers of treating and burying hazardous cials are pledged to try to recover the cleanup agreed to pay up to $280,000 to help clean chemical wastes by requiring that waste money from financial backers of the bank up the Love Canal site. A company spokes rupt disposal firm and those who originally man said Hooker also is spending several treatment facilities and dumps be con shipped the waste to the site. But a state offi hundred thousand dollars on its Montague, structed on lands away from populated cial concedes glumly: "We're not holding our Mich., disposal site where 11 ,000 tons of areas and dedicated to public owner breath waiting to get paid." toxic chemicals are buried. ship. Those hazardous waste disposal In the widely publicized Love Canal situa But the spokesman said Hooker will not sites already in operation would also be tion in Niagara Falls, N.Y., officials have esti admit legal liabUity in either case. "There's acquired by the Federal Government mated that preliminary cleanup costs alone no way you could get us to say we're respon after they have ceased operations to in wlll run to $8 milllon. "And that," says an sible for what happened at Love Canal," he sure forever the highest safety and main Environmental Protection Agency official "is said. Hooker or any company would "fight just to make the area liveable. We're not even like hell" in court if the cleanup bills were tenance standards. talking about relocation costs." turned over to them, he said. The people of Niagara Falls, N.Y., are Nearly 200 families may eventually have to That test could come in Tennessee. So painfully aware of the potential for be permanently moved out of the area where far no one has formally blamed Velsicol for tragedy which can result from the im thousands of drums of cancer-causing chem the polluted water in Hardeman County. But proper burial of chemical wastes. A icals have leaked into backyards and base state officials note there does not appear to chemical waste dump which was covered ments. be another source for the unusual array of over 35 years ago now has a school and Who wlll pay? "There's no provision for the chemicals-including suspected carcinogens subdivision on top of it. Birth defects federal government to come riding to the such as chlorobenzine, tetrachloroethelene rescue," says Fred Hndsey, an EPA official and toluene-that have turned up in the are abnormally high and people in the in charge of the agency's implementation area's water. In addition, a still-unreleased neighborhood see their lives slipping section. federal study has also concluded that chemi away from them. I would encourage my "It's kind of confusing," admits another cals from Velsicol's disposal site have leaked colleagues to read the foJlowing article EPA official. "I guess the one who pays is into nearby wells. from the Washington Post which out whoever gets left holding the bag." Velsicol officials are preparing to do their lines the growing and dangerous problem That could include, says EPA's senior own study of the situation. Some have even of hazardous chemical waste dumps: hazardous waste official Steffen Plehn. any of hinted darkly that perhaps local residents an estimated 425,000 firms which generate put the chemicals in the wells themselves 002'ING EARTH-PAYING FOR CLEANUP OF toxic chemical waste, or the 21',000 or so firms in an effort to force blame on the company. BURIED CHEMICALS POSES NEW NIGHTMARE that transport it, or another 25,000 firms that "This is a puzzle and all the parts aren't FOR' OFFICIALDOM store, treat or dispose of it. together yet," says one Velsicol official. "We (By Bill Richards) Beyond that broad spectrum, Plehn admits, do know that once that ridge was sup The first inkling that something had gone the focus of the blame becomes less clear. "If posed to be an ideal dumping location. Now wrong in rural Hardeman Countv, Tenn., a company is still legally tied to the stuff there's some question whether it was so came last winter when the local kitchen sinks then I guess it's theirs." says Plehn. "If idea after all." e started turning brown. they've been able to 11nload it then I guess Then came reports from puzzled residents the blame goes with it." of the southwestern Tennessee farming re In the end, Plehn said, the a.nswer may lie gion that their well water had developed a with efforts by EPA to set up a national trust PERSONAL EXPLANATION peculiar insecticide-like odor. When a rash to pay to clean hazardous waste sites. The of unexplained cases of stomach cramps and trust would come from a per-ton tax on dizzy spells hit the area, federal and state waste as it ls dumped and would be held for HON. ROBERT A. YOUNG health investigators moved in. emergencies such as the Love Canal disaster. OF MISSOURI Their discovery-some 350,000 leaky 55- gallon drums of lee full trede problem. as $1.00 per orange when and if the con are scratching their heads over what to do The Japanese Minister of Trade and Indus sumer can get them. The real loser in this with their old surplus school buildings might try recently forecast a trade surplus of up ls the Japanese consumer, who must con take heart from one government agency to $24 billion for this fiscal year, and trade tinue to pay a premium price for something that, richly experienced in being swamped with the United States ls expected to create that should be readily available at a much with excess real estate, has come up with a a favorable balance of $10 b11lion. Increased lower price. canny way to make its shoddy buildings agricultural exports to Japan can help to The Japanese growers have said that so bright and serviceable-and to serve as offset this. called "off-season" citrus production in teaching aids in the transition. Of course, However, the heart of the matter ls the Japan has allowed development of a year the problems are not parallel, the Veterans fact that the present quotas on citrus are round distribution system, and that there Administration-that experienced govern 11legal under GATT. It would be just as il should be no difference between the Mlkan ment agency-having little or no traffic in legal if the United States were to try to season and the "off" season. The U.S. citrus school buildings. But the lesson is that limit the import of Japanese automobiles. industry agrees. Both seasons should be perseverance will prevail over the knottiest Long ao;o, Japan became a developed coun treated the same-with complete llberallza surplus buiiding problem, whether the try and assumed status as a major economic ticn. buildings are schools or houses. force in the world. It must live up to its The U.S. citrus industry ls sorry if the Some may be surprised to know that the GATT treaty provisions, as do the other Japanese mandarin producers are upset and Veterans Administration ls among the larg signers of the treaty. their patience ls being tried because of the est real estate operators in the country. The September 7, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28461 VA didn't intend it that way, but when an bilitated houses are seldom targets for van upon two "musts": Distressed VA repos agency runs a guaranty loan program that dals. "I think this is because the kids them sessed houses must be available, and school over three decades has helped close to ten selves, some of whom have probably vandal districts must make necessary administra million veterans buy homes valued at more ized other properties, use what influence tive and funding arrangements for student than $140 billion, some identity as a real they have among peer groups to protect what participation. estate operator is almost inevitable. As in they've helped to restore." "We've found that where we've encountered evitable as some defaults in a volume of ten Montgomery says that though school of difficulties or delays in trying to establish · million loans. Each time the VA makes good ficials and Compton residents have praised a rehab program within a school district, on its guaranty of a loan in default, it ac the program as practical, productive educa it usually has been due to problems a5- quires the property. tion, the students themselves have voiced the sociated with transportation for the students, Since 1944, the VA has acquired some most enthusiastic approval. Montgomery the hiring of a qualified vocational instruc 405,000 properties, which comes to about adds, "This program, besides providing a tor, or a lack of complete school district four percent of the almost ten million homes welcome break from classroom routine, offers support," says Dweck. for which loans were guaranteed for vet youngsters a chance to expend energy in a On occasion there has been misunderstand erans. During that same interval VA has useful way and learn directly applicable ing of VA motives with respect to the use of sold more than 390,000 of these properties skills at the same time." students in place of commercial contractors. and currently has title to about 11,000 others. Compton High School student John Sims "There are those who have thought that the Allowing for those undergoing repairs, ad mentions that he has already learned things VA saves a considerable amount of money versely occupied, or burdened in other re that he's been able to repeat in his own by letting the youngsters do the work of con spects, there are about 7,300 vacant prop home. "I've learned enough so far to help tractors," says Dweck. "While it's true that erties for sale. The turnover in VA sales me get a job," he says. "I can set tile, do we pay only the cost of materials and equip averages about 1,300 monthly. roof repairs, handle regular carpenter work, ment for a student-rehabilitated house, it In order to recover its guaranty or as much and paint. I couldn't learn all that in a class takes students months to finish a job that a of it as possible, the VA seeks to place ac room." contractor could finish in days. This is partly quired properties in a condition that com Ernestine Pettigrew, also of Compton High, due to the fact that the kids work only a pares favorably with competitive neighbor one of six girls from the district who has few hours a day and only on certain days." hood properties. With rar~ exception the been involved in the program, feels that it Additionally, students work under the su houses require only redecoration or modest provides needed opportunities for young pervision of an instructor who must ensure repairs to place them in rnlable condition. women to gain experience that could help that, according to the terms of the school Nevertheless, there are some that were them maintain their homes or find employ district's contract, all repairs meet VA spec abandoned and vandalized before VA ac ment in the construction industry. Says ifications. "If the kids don't do the job right, quired title, and appropriate repairs needed Pettigrew, "I think it's a good thing for the instructor has them do it over," Dweck to be made. women to be able to take advantage of the says. "Nor are students allowed to perform California, housing more than ten percent same opportunities that men have. This is electrical or plumbing repairs. We pay li of the nation's 30 million veterans, leads in a new time for women, and we need to pre censed contractors to do that." Consequently, VA home loan guaranty activities. The VA pare for it. I've really enjoyed this program during the extra time the student-refur regional office in Los Angeles---one of three and have learned a lot." bished houses are on our books, VA expenses in California-acquired about 50,000 prop Montgomery also points out that the hous include the likes of taxes, insurance, and erties over the past 30 years, and sold vir ing rehabilitation program in his district has certain maintenance supervisor fees. These tually all of these shortly after they came been particularly helpful to youths with ex pretty well offset the difference between the into VA ownership. Today, that office has tensive juvenile records. "Some of the kids costs of students' equipment and the amount fewer than 600 houses on hand, and the sales have gang-related problems, some have been of contractors' bills." rate runs almost 100 properties per month. involved in thefts or burglaries, and others Dweck emphasizes that the VA makes the In a program started by the Los Angeles have engaged in vandalism or .Just plain program available solely for its beneficial VA Regional Office five years ago, students mischief," Montgomery says. "Probably the educational and social effects, which have at ten area high schools have contributed main reason they got into trouble is that been lauded on numerous occasions by com toward the rehabilitation of a number of they didn't have much of anything else to do. munity and school district officials. Last year abandoned houses while gaining valuable This program has given them something to the Compton City Council issued a special vocational training. Working as volunteers, do, along with a sense of pride and satisfac resolution expressing appreciation to the Los the young men and women refurbish the tion, and has been the theraov these kids Angeles v A Regional Office for the beneficial houses, making minor repairs without doing have needed to stay out of trouble." effects of the housing rehabilitation program. any job that would require a license. The VA A tribute to the VA housing rehabilita The council credited the VA not only with provides all tools and equipment and de tion program le; the story of 20-year-old Len upgrading neighborhoods but also with "in termines by appraisal of the property the non Hunter, who graduated from Compton stilling a sense of pride in accomplishment a.mount that should be spent for materials. High School two years ago. "I didn't have on the part of the students who performed The program, currently being carried out in anything going for me before I got into that the work, and a spirit of pride on the part San Diego and Compton, has drawn praise program," Hunter recalls. "I was bored with of area residents for the positive accomplish not only from students and educators, but school. uncertain about the future, and had ments of teenagers." from area residents as well. · no skill or experience that I could apply Home repair programs similar to the one "The place next door was a dilapidated toward a .fob. sponsored by the VA in Los Angeles have been shack before the VA let those kids in there " "The rehab program ooened up a new conducted elsewhere in the nation by state recalls Compton resident Del Burnett, who~e world for me. I found out I could do some and local authorities and by some citizen home is adjacent to a student-refurbished thing worthwhile, something that I en.Joyed. organizations. Says Dweck, "The~e activities house now up for sale. "It had been broken Even before I graduated from school I started also have given disadvantaged youth valuable into and vandalized. It looked terrible and working for contractors on weekends and skills and, in some instances, have helped made the whole neighborhood look bad. earning a Uttle money. One thing led to mental patients on their way to recovery. The When the kids came to fix it, I was skeptical. another, and now I have my own contract VA is proud to be included in such commu Kids that age don't have too good a reputa ing bustne~s." To help others along his suc nity activity." tion these days. But those kids were some cessful path, Hunter employs former hous Unquestionably, it would add to VA pride thing else. They turned that dump into a ing rehabilitation participants and offers if the rehabilitation program were to offer nice place. I never would have believed kids part-time employment to students in the the headscratchers who worry over what to could do work like that." program. do with old school buildings some insight in According to Onward Montgomery, direc The housing rehabilitation program was to their own peculiar problems.e tor of Vocational Education and Federal and initiated in Southern California in March of State Pro.Jects for the Compton School Dis 1973 through an agreement between the trict, students in the housing rehabilitation Lo<> Angeles VA Regional Office and the program have had & marked effect on every William S. Hart Union High School Dis LET'S RANK GOVERNMENT neighborhood in which they have worked. trict in northern Los Angeles County. "The recurring sight of teenagers doing Since then, more than 130 students from EFFECTIVENESS something beneficial for the neighborhoods Hart High School have participated in has done a lot to restore people's confidence the refurbishment of 12 VA repossessed HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER in our community youngsters," Montgomery homes. In 1975 the Compton and San Diego says. "And in most cases, the program al~o Unified School Districts joined the program, OF WISCONSIN seems to have left area residents with a fresh which has now accounted for 29 completed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sense of community pride. Invariably, a com projects. Thursday, September 7, 1978 pleted project is followed by a J?eneral spruc Jack Dweck, VA Loan Guaranty Officer in ing-up of neighboring properties." Los Angeles, says the success of the reha • Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Speaker, a little Montgomery also notes that student-reha- b111ta tion program ts primarily dependent over a month ago, Senator CHUCK PERCY 28462 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1978 and I called a press conference to intro suggests a. proposal I'm confident can do the Every single program would be ranked. duce a proposal of ours, inspired by a job. Senator Chuck Percy and I with bipar Each would be rated in comparison to other tisan sponsors last week introduced the programs within its own department. Good recent article by former Ambassador "Government Accountability Act," a measure programs would get due notice. So would Larry Silberman, to better enable Con that would require the Administration to poor ones. Silberman proposes three manda gress to put a rein on increased Gov give Congress a. report card on the perform tory criteria. for distinguishing them: (a.) ernment spending. ance and cost-effectiveness of federal pro coherence of statutory objectives; (b) design Our proposal, the Government Ac grams. of the program; (c) quality of management. countability Act of 1978, would require a The b111 would require biennial reports to The ranking system would give government biennial ranking by the President and the Congress on the relative effectiveness of these programs something like the major-league Director of the Office of Management and programs. The President and the Director baseball standing: a mandatory finish line of the Office of Management and Budget with clear winners and losers each year. Budget of all programs within a depart would rank all programs within a. depart The director of the Office of Management ment. The ranking would be made avail merut with all others in that department. Our and Budget would be required to identify able to the public. Thus, we l)rovide the bill sets forth a. reasonably objective stand programs within the government that have advantage of a comprehensive review of ard for ranking. contradictory aims (Le., encouraging tobacco all programs, along with a safeguard Though there have been other efforts growers but discouraging smokers). The through public input against an admin aimed at ranking federal programs-the Car OMB director would be entitled to propose to istration attempting to sabotage a pro ter Administration asked Members of Con Congress the elimination of ineffective pro gress to do so in 1977-this proposal pro grams. Good managers might welcome that gram or agency for ideological or qther vides the advantage of a. comprehensive opportunl ty. reasons. review of all programs. More important, this Would this particular presidential report Support for our legislation has grown ranking wm be made a.vaila.ble to the public. be burled from sight? Both journalists and over the past month. On August 3, DICK The importance of public release of the the public would love it. Would budget-wise GEPHARDT, DON FUQUA, and FRANK HOR rankings cannot be overstated. This will pro administrators place the most popular pro TON joined me in introducing the meas vide the opportunity for input by individuals grams at the lowest ranking, to protect ure, H.R. 13723. Since then, we have and organizations affected by a particular them? Lobbies for popular programs would gained 31 additional cosponsors, 11 of program. By so doing, we provide a safeguard almost certainly begin fighting for a high against an administration attempting to ranking months before the report was due. whom are going on the bill I am intro sabotage a program or agency for ideological Some ineffective but popular programs ducing today. Though we clearly cannot or other reasons. would always be at the bottom and some anticipate action on the legislation this A high ranking by the Administration will of the worst would be sure to be among them. late in the session, this provides an ex not necessarily mean Congress will approve Besides, the president would have to supply cellent base of support to build on in the continuation of a program intact or with the a rationale for each ranking. He would not 96th Congress. authorization level requested by the Admin want to appear to be naive. Michael Novak, in an August 30 Wash istration. Neither will a. low ranking mea.n Some administrators might try to hide ington Star column, referred to our pro that a program is destined for elimination. poor programs within larger categories. But What the rankings will mean is that Con astute administrators would have an incen posal as "a shrewd technique to make big gress can get a better handle on determining tive to break programs down into smaller government accountable." He pointed which federal programs could be improved or measurable units. In order to keep their out: weeded out and which deserve more or less empires as large a.s possible, some would In the private sector competition helps. A money than they're currently being given. sacrifice only smaller units at the bottom. ranking system will make the public sector They will also a.now us to deal with the prob Year by year, the worst of these could be competitive . ... It restores a piece of in lems of overlapping or of contrasting goals. pruned away. visible government to visibiUty. It will help The report would be filed at the beginning Actually, Silberman notes, good managers presidents to get a. handle on the monster of each new Congress. It will thus enable they manage. of federal departments have been doing responsible House and Senate committees something llke this for years. Faced with to strengthen their oversight efforts. The key As we try to come to grips with the to effective, efficient management of pro tighter budgets, they informally rank their growing bureaucracy and increased Fed programs when they allocate scarce resources. grams oftentimes rests on the quality of A new law would force them to make these eral programs, we need better manage oversight process in each Congress. ranldngs formal, analytically precise and ment tools than we now have. The Gov Too often, Congress creates new programs, public. ernment Accountability Act provides then fails to follow up to see whether they're run as they should be and whether they're How can one compare apples and oranges? those tools. For the benefit of those con accomplishing the goals for which they're When you have a. limited amount of money cerned about improving Government intended. For the first time, we would have for fruit, you have to. A Government Ac accountability, I am including for the a clearly spelled out, simple and inexpensive countabillty Act would force managers to RECORD the Novak column. Along with means of beginning the oversight process in compare real programs with read programs, it, I am inserting a report I wrote on the each Congress. on the basis o{ clear technical analysis. Over proposal, articles from the August 6 Mil Our proposal wm not solve all the prob the years, evaluative techniques will become waukee Journ!ll and August 9 Education lems we have in bringing government spend sharper. For the only way to diminish con Dailv discussing it, and an editorial from ing under control. It will, though, offer an troversy wm be to develop clear, objective, important tool to more effectively deal with communicable criteria. the Au~ust 11 Savannah Morning News the issue. Recall that when students in college used endorsing this new approach. As we near the close of the 95th Congress, to be ranked, each single one received a The article follows: it is doubtful this proposal will be passed relative position. Nowadays, when students WASHINGTON REPORT before the end of the session. My hope is are not ran~ed, "grade inflation" occurs; the (By Congressman WILLIAM A. STEIGER) that we can begin the education process and bottom half moves upward in an anonymous build bipartisan support for this legislation mass. In the old days, even if all passed, each A major focus of the media and Congress so that it will receive quick action in the 96th knew where he stood. Ranking improves tech In recent months has been the growine. but those wcn·dq h::i.ve h~nr:ls of a case like this by leaving it to invest in new ventures can a decline in Virginia. an all too familiar ring, recalling for The swift elimination of Dr. Bourne from productivity and a rise in unemployment mer President Nixon's testament to Hal the administration was an improvement on be far behind? In addition, investors deman and Erlichman just a few short the long clinging to Bert Van~e . The Presi often feel "locked in" if their assets or years ago. The question now is whether dent must not, of course, abu ~ e his power investments have increased significantly this administration will stand by the by interfering with due legal process. But in value. As a result, they may hesitate President's code of ethics, or stand by at the same time, he must help e·nsure the to sell because of the existence of a caui President Carter's long-time friend as atmosphere in which that full process goes tal gains tax, with a resulting distortion Nixon stood loyally by his, ignoring the forward, without double standards, letting of business and investment decisions. the chips fall where they may. The Bourne fact that the laws have been violated. case cannot· be left in legal limbo between The issue, Mr. Sneaker. is pathetically My houe is that Attorney Genera] Pennsylvania Avenue and Prince William simple and clear. If a people is to remain Griffin Bell will yet personally direct the County. The Attorney General, if no one free and productive, they must be en Justice Department to investigate fully else, ought to be able to find somebody will couraged to exercise the · virtues of an the illegal conduct of Dr. Bourne and ing to accept jurisdiction for carrying the earlier era, the virtues of frugality, take whatever steps are required-re case through.e foresight, and planning
PAID RELEASE TIME AND COMMON COURTESY brought local businessmen, trades people, why big shot crooks should go free and the The enrollee workshops had tapped an en technical specialists from areas such as con poor ones go to jail. ergy source in CE1'A-PSE workers who struction, retail, and personnel management started to clamor to workshops and private to Career Opportunity Workshops (COW). Those two statements can be said to sector job interviews Ziegler's workshop Often the biggest problem with these work refiect Jimmy Carter's deepest convic technique relied eutireiy o:n. the Cl!:TA w;;zh. shops was finding a conference room large tions about how high level officials should ers doing their own job development. A enough for the dozens of CETA enrollees who conduct themselves. The rules Carter has policy of paid time off for verified job search eagerly sought career information. set down for those who would work in was initiated at an early stage. Complaints Workshops, although they can be catego his administration are clear and unam came from some departments that CETA rized under orientation, technical skllls, cop biguous. His own duty as President-to PSE workers were too frequently attending ing skllls and job-finding skllls, were most workshops, or going to job interviews. CETA successful if they evolved from locally ex "reveal" errors or malfeasance on the administrators wanted to maximize job pressed needs. For example, a new workshop part of his subordinates and to give an search activities, while not upsetting the has just begun for CETA-PSE enrollees who "explanation" to the public-is no less daily scheduling of tasks. Permission sllps are in danger of being fired for poor attend clear. for every workshop and job interview seemed ance. Recent charges of widespread use of cumbersome, so a compromise called "com TRANSFERS AND OPPORTUNITIES illegal drugs among the White House mon courtesy" was initiated requiring nego The counseling unit was unable, on oc staff bring these Carter statements to tiations between the enrollee and the super casion, to resolve supervisor/employee con visor for paid release time. All paid release fiicts. Rather than fire the CETA-PSE work mind. How has the President lived up to time was verified by the counseling office. No er, an experimental transfer policy was ini his own high standards of conduct in amount of coercion from CETA administra tiated. Although each transfer generated a light of these charges? The answer to tion could substitute for genuine concern massive amount of paperwork, the CETA that question can tell us much about the of the first-line supervisor. PSE enrollee usually coped better in the new seriousness and the sense of purpose of PERFORMANCE, ATTENDANCE AND COMMONLY environment. One supervisor developed a the Carter administration. HELD MYTHS special knack for handling enrollees who The first point that must be made is In the continual process of developing rap were unacceptable in other departments. port with first-line supervisors, attitudinal After a few months of training, the super that at the moment we have only second problems were prevalent. A commonly held visor's sklll as a motivator and leader turned hand testimony that illegal drug activi myth was that first-line supervisors were this group of problem workers into a hard ties have taken place at the Carter White dissatisfied with CETA-PSE workers. Con working, effective competent, workforce. House or by members of his staff outside trary to the stereotyped view of CETA work They incldently had the job of cleaning a the White House. Dr. Peter Bourne, for ers as being poor performers and excessive polluted county waterway, hauling debris mer White House drug expert has stated ly absent, the CETA administration was out of the river, and handling the frequent pleased when the research data on the mat fish kills. On rainy days, the "river rats" as that marihuana and cocaine are used by ter were tabulated. they are c1lled, went on job-finding excur White House aides. Various accounts in The Baltimore County data reveal a 92 % sions to local factories. The crew's dump the media have reported that widespread satisfactory and above performance evalua trucks were regularly used for practice driv use of drugs among White House staffers tion, and a 90 % satisfactory attendance ing, and many of these enrollees used the is well-known among journalists. One re record. The proportion of poor performance county trucks to take the test for a truck" porter has written that he knows the and excessive absence was 8 % and 10% re driver Grade B license. names of two high level White House spectively, barely statistically significant, and certainly not high enough to stereo SUMMARY staff members who use illegal drugs and type 1500 CETA workers. These research CETA- PSE program operators need to pre that such drugs have been used at White findings were often shared with supervisors pare for the scheduled terminations that House functions and even on Presidential and enrollees to the disbelief of both. Myths eventually must come if PSE ls a truly tran trips. proved difficult to dispel. sitional program. Enrollees properly prepared can locate the vacancies due to frictional If thPse charges are true, criminal ac COMMUNITY RESOURCES AND CONSTANTLY employment, but their support should come ti.vity has been going on in the White EVOLVING WORKSHOPS from their day-to-day contacts with first-line House. If thev are false, a close friend The educational and training needs of supervisors, as well as workshops and coun and former hi~h-ranking aide of Presi over a thousand enrollees were far greater seling sesslons.e than could be provided by the small CET A dent CartP.r and orestigious newsmen are counseling unit. Attention was turned to deliberately telling- lies. In either event, existin~ educat.tonal and training resources the response of the President has been that were found to be plentiful in the com curious, to sav the leasit. It would appear munity. CALLS FOR A DRUG INVESTIGA that the :first thing the President should The community colleges gl<>dly set up TION: PARTISAN OR PRAISE have done was to immediately ask classes right in the county office building. WORTHY? Bourne to either prove or retract his They taught career development along with statement. If Bourne knows who has a few specialized coureoes involving the ar tificial barriers women face in the labor HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL been breaking the law in the White market and popular courses such as stress OF ILLINOIS House he hac; a mora.I and legal obliga tion to sav who it is. If he does not know, management and values clarific'ltion. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stress management course grew out of a he should be exposed as one who reck very real nee1 expressed by CETA-PSE en Thursday, September 7, 1978 lessly smeared the reoutation of hi~h rollees who faced the end of training just level officials and former associates. But 18 months away. • Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, on June 16, 1976, candidate Jimmy Carter appeared President Carter has neither asked Quickly surfacing al"o was the need for before the Platform Committee of the Bourne to provide evidence of his hit?h school dlnloma.s. Young and old alike, charges nor demanded that he apologize. · CETA.- PSE workers who never finished high Democratic Party to present his platform school found this a detriment when apply propo<::al~. Among those proposals, listed And what of the nrei::s accnuntc:; of drug ing for private sector jobs. The county's pub under title "An Open and Honest Govern u5e at the White House? The President lic scnool adult education component, at no ment: Code of Ethics for the Federal has not publiclv questioned the accuracy cost to CETA, supplied a certified GEO in Government," was this one: of thP,se reports nor has he sucrgested he structor who came to the r.ountv office builti Errors or mal·feasance in the Executive is a victim of nress bias, whi.~h he most in~ each wee'!(:. CETA-PSE enrollees, after certainlv woul<'I have done if he believed dia1most1c tests, came to weekly classes for Branch should be immediatel!J revealed by lmHvidual self-paced inst.ruction. There has the President and an explanatio'l'l given to such serious charges to be false. It is to been a total enrollment of 141 ; of these, 24 the public along with corrective action, where say the least untypical of the Carter passed the GED, 10 failed, and 55 are cur appropriate, to prevent any recurrence of White House
TABLE 1.-U.S. HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY ACTIONS IN THE IFl'S
Insti Insti Country Action Date tution Project Country Action Date tution Project
(A) DURING CARTER Ethiopia ______Abstention ____ May 10, 1977 IDA Irrigation. ADMINISTRATION Do ______.• do ______do ______IDA Roads. Do.l ______do ______Apr. 4, 1978 IDA Grain marketing and storage. Araentina ______Abstention June 16, 1977 IBRD Industrial credit. Guinea ______do ______Nov. 23, 1977 AfDF Kenaf production. Do ______do ______do ------IFC Soybean processing. Korea ______do ______Oct. 31, 1977 ADB Asan Bay power. Do ______No vote ______Oct. 27, 1977 IDB Gas pipeline. Do ______do ______Dec. 22, 1977 ADB Mineral resources. Do ______do ______Dec. 1, 1977 IDB Cellulosel. Paraguay ______No vote ______Mar. 7, 1978 IBRD Highways V. Du ______do ______Dec. 8, 1977 IDB Petrochemical. Do . ------do ______Mar. 23, 1978 IDB Trans-Chaco Road. Do ------Abstention Feb. 21, 1978 IBRD Grain storage. Do. ______do ------May 25, 1978 IDB AN DE electrical transmission. Do ______do ------Mar. 14, 1978 IFC Juan Minetti, South America. Philippines ______Abstention ____ Nov. 29, 1977 ADB Development bank. Do ______do------Apr. 25, 1978 IFC Massuh, South America. Do ______do ______Dec. 9, 1977 ADB Hydro power. Do ______do------May 9, 1978 IBRD Agricultural credit. Do ______do ______Apr. 25, 1978 IBRD PISO Development Bank. Do ______do ______May 30, 1978 IFC I PAKO polyethyline. Do ______do ______May 18, 1978 IBRD Industrial credit 111. Benin ______do ______May 26, 1977 IDA Roads. Uruguay_------No vote ______Dec. 21 , 1977 IDB Paso Severino water supply. Do ______do ______do ------IDA Regional development techn i- Do __ -- -- ___ _-- ______do ______. do ______IDB Coastal roads. cal assistance. Yemen, PDR ______do ______Feb. 14, 1978 IDA Wadi Tuban agriculture. CAL ______do ______Oct. 20, 1977 AfDF Education. Chile ------No vote ______Dec. 8, 1977 IDB Roads. (B) DURING FORD Do ______do ______Mar. 2, 1978 IDB Rural public health. ADMINISTRAllON El Salvador ______AbstEntion ____ May 18, 1978 IBRD Telecommunications. Chile ______do ______June 1976 IDB Industrial credit.
1 Abstention took into consideration concerns with expropriation as well as the human rights situation. While these policy actions within the The Philippines.-Some prisoner releases, our policy to an arena, the international international financial institutions (IFis) especially the prompt release of the 600 banks, that involves substantially larger certainly reflect the Carter administration's picked up after the elections. flows of resources than bilateral aid, thus in own commitment to advancing human Chile.- Some changes and a conditional creasing the leverage for improvements; it rights abroad, the passage of the Harkin easing of repression. has provided opportunities for internation amendment has also considerably strength South Korea.-Releases in December 1977- alizing U.S. human-rights concerns; anti it ened the hand of human-rights advocates January 1978 followed adverse U.S. votes in has focused attention, both in the U.S. gov within an administration that is grievously Asian Development Bank; these votes did ernment and in the international banks, on divided on this issue. For although President register and influence Korean government determining who are the beneficiaries of Carter, Secretary of State Va.nee and Dep decision. economic a.id projects and whether they serve uty Secretary Warren Christopher have all basic human needs. exerted pressure from the top for advancing Despite limited improvements as noted Extending policy to cover larger resource human rights through our aid decisions, the above, the State Department and non-gov jtows.-Since early 1977, an inter-agency majority of the State and Treasury Depart ernmental organizations continue to find committee chaired by Deputy Secretary ments at the outset opposed this policy and serious human-rights problems persisting in Christopher has met to review upcoming it ls still unpopular within the adminis these four countries. A further difficulty in AID, PL-480 and international bank loans tration. As a result, human-rights advo precisely gauging the effect of U.S. policy using human-rights criteria. Usually the in cates find themselves badly outnumbered actions in the IFis under the Harkin amend ternational bank loans in question are many within this administration. The existence of ment is the fact that o·ther purely bilateral times larger than bilateral U.S. economic as legal instructions and a definite Congres aid sanctions have also contributed to U.S. sistance programs. In FY 1977, for example, sional mandate have made a clear difference. pressure for human rights improvements. In South Korea received $77.4 million in direct the case of Argentina and Chile, U.S. military Althouogh it is impossible to establish a U.S. economic assistance, and $155 million aid has been discontinued (except for de in military aid (military aid is not reviewed direct cause-and-effect relationship between liveries under prior-year agreements); in U.S. human-rights policy actions in the for human rights by the Christopher com Chile, bilateral economic assistance has been mittee but by the Arms Export Control !Fis pursuant to the Harkin amendment cut to $6 million in FY 1979; and in the cases and specific improvements in human-rights Board) for a total of $232.4 million in U.S. of the Philippines and South Korea, PL-480 bilateral assistance programs, while receiving performance abroad, U.S. actions in the !Fis Title I aid was temporarily deferred. Never encouraged progress in four key countries: $545.8 million from the international banks. theless, in coordination with these bilateral The Philippines received $124.9 million in TABLE 2 actions, U.S. action in the IFis have exerted direct U.S. assistance and $474.8 million Huma.n Rights Progress •Encouraged by definite pressure for human-rights improve from the international banks. The figures for Harkin Amendment in IFis ments. Indonesia were $175 million in direct U.S. Argentina.-The right of O"ltion and re Apart from the specific improvements cited assistance and $540.6 million from the banks. lease of names of 10 prisoners, and some in Table 2, the Harkin amendment has had In one other important area as well, the releases since January 1978. three other beneficial effects. It has extended Harkin amendment on the IFI's extends the September 7, 19 78 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28471 scope of U.S. policy actions. Human-rights The intensive review process and wide initially considered that President Carter's amendments on both bilateral and multi variety of actions taken by the Christopher words were meant for domestic consumption. lateral aid require U.S. cpposltlon to loans committee illustrate another advantage of The Harkin amendment and U.S. policy ac unless they serve basic human needs. Today the Harkin amendment-its flexib111ty. In tions show that the message ls intended pre AID claims all its programs serve such needs the spring of 1977, administration spokes cisely for them.e (note: The Center fer International Policy men somewhat melodramatically warned estimates that some 62 per cent of ATD pro that the Harkin amendment would "tie the grams meet this standard), and thus auto administration's hands." In opposition to TAXPAYERS Al~D GOVERNMENT matically qualify for the exemption. But the this alarmist view, the Center for Interna INVOLVEMENT majority of international bank projects com tional Policy testified to the House Banking ing before the Christopher committee are Committee in March 1977: directed toward industry, infrastructure and The broad areas of determination are, HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI balance-of-payments functions that clearly first, whether a loan directly benefits the OF ILLINOIS fall short of the bas0lc human needs criteria. neediest, which ls an area where the admin (Note: The Center for International Policy istration has considerable flexib111ty; second, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES considers 55 percent of the World Bank's whether a country qualifies as a gross and Thursday, September 7, 1978 $9 billion FY 1979 lending program as di consistent violator of human rights. rected toward industry, infrastructure or It is our feeling, in terms of human rights e Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, at a balance-of-payments functions rather than violations, that most countries in the world time when tax reform legislation, budget basic human needs.) The Christopher com violate human rights on some scale or an appropriations, as well as economic pro mittee has followed a consistent policy of other. However, the language of the Harkin posals effecting Federal, State, and local recommending U.S. "no" votes or absten amendment ls such that a country would governments, are major items facing us, tions on non-basic human needs projects in have to work overtime in order to qualify as I wish to direct to the Members an edi countries with serious human-rights prob a consistent and gross violator of human torial appearing in one of the news lems and of the 32 loans the United States rights. papers serving my district, the Des opposed by "no" votes or abstentions, all but This also gives the administration certain four fell in the non-basic needs category. flexlb111ty when these loans come before the Plaines Valley News, by the distinguished Internationalizing U.S. human-rights con banks. Consideration of the loans is a rather editor of that publication, Harry "Scoop" cerns.-Once the Christopher committee has long process, sometimes taking years and Sklenar. The editorial, which follows, de decided on a "no" vote or abstention on an always many months. picts the grassroots viewpoint of the tax upcoming IFI loan, the U.S. executive direc During this period the administration can payer about Government involvement: tor and other U.S. officials consult with the work with both the bank officials and with BOTH WAYS IMPOSSIBLE- other major donor members of the bank authorities in the country in question and Both organized political parties are cur seeking to coordinate policy. In a number of remind and prod the authorities.in the coun rently circulating petitions asking for a limi instances the United States has induced try in question to improve their human tation on taxes. The U.S. Congress has re other countries to follow its example. Here, rights record. It is thus left to the adminis cently approved a tax cut plan. the Harkin amendment has stimulated the tration to determine whether or not release Taxpayer groups in many areas are revolt United States to take the lead in advancing of a certain number of prisoners and an ing against state and local tax levies. With human rights-a clear advance from the improvement in the human rights situation November elections rapidly approaching, previous situation when the major European has in fact been made. This allows consider many candidates have adopted· a cut-taxes countries in the World Bank opposed loans able flexib111ty, so certainly the Harkin campaign. to Chile while the Ford administration con language is not a straitjacket. The trouble is that there are citizen tinued to vote for them. Deputy Secretary Eight months after passage of this legis groups, there are social service organizations, Christopher earlier this year led a mission to lation, it is clear that the administration has school officia.1.s, village and city authorities Europe to explore a common human-rights had wide latitude under the Harkin amend standing in line asking for either a state or policy with our major allies. Recipient coun ment to implement concrete policies, and no federal grant at the same time. tries who once denounced human rights as one today in the State Department contends Summit village learned last week that slow a unilateral U.S. crusade (despite the fact the amendment ties their hands. The admin reimbursements caused a financial problem they are all signatories to the U.N. Universal istration has retained full discretion to define in that a sum of $50,000 had to be borrowed Declaration of Human Rights, from which a human rights violator simply by refraining to pay CEDA workers since the village must the phraseology of the Harkin amendment from officially identifying any country as wait 30 to 60 days to be repaid for salaries in derived) now increasingly face a coordi engaging in "a consistent pattern of gross expended. nated front of donor countries. violations of internationally recognized hu Now this happens in practically every grant During the first six months of application man rights", the language in the legislation; provided. Ask your school boards. The school of the policy, the Treasury Department was instead it has identified countries with "seri board depends on its state aid for a portion of apprehensive of politicization of the banks, ious human rights problems," thus avoiding its budget. The state aid sum at times is cut but in recent months Treasury has taken a formally invoking the Harkin amendment. without notice, or other state funding ls re more relaxed view as human rights have Likewise, in determining what projects serve duced. Thus the anticipated dollars fall to been pursued with no visible ill effect on the basic human needs, it has retained freedom meet expectations. All social service agencies functioning of the banks. The banks have of action. The administration has acted securing grants have a similar problem. not crumbled, and in recent inter-agency within the spirit of the Harkin amendment What must be learned is that a taxpayer meeting Treasury has refrained from raising on the IFis; policy and legislative intent are cannot expect to have a tax cut and then the politicization issue. in accord. expect to secure a money grant at the same Focusing on basic human needs.-The Overall, the Harkin amendment in the time. Harkin amendment requires the United IFI's has done much to add substance and There seems to be a growing dependency States to oppose any loan to human-rights integrity to U.S. human rights policy, al on federal funding. Each village now is al violating countries unless it serves basic though much more remains to be done. The loted a share of the income tax. Each village human needs. As already discussed, the ad legislation backs up with action the Presi secures a share of the revenue sharing fund ministration has acted in the spirit of this ing. Each village secures a share of their vil dent's recent warning at the Organization of lage sales tax. Right? legislation in the IFI votes. For each of the American States conference that repressive over 300 separate bilateral and multilateral regimes should know the price of their in Now what's wrong about securing grants? aid agreements that the Christopher com human conduct: the forfeiting of U.S. and Note that the threat of withholding federal mittee each month reviews for human international cooperation, including finan grants or state (~rants has been increasingly rlghts problems, a detailed one-page descrip used to secure compliance with regulations, cial cooperation. Pragmatically, the Harkin creating a significant loss of local control and tion of the project is prepared. The descrip amendment and U.S. policy actions in the tion includes a very careful review of the greater centralization of governmental power. IFTs stimulated by it play a key role, for a The bureaucrats say, you either do this or beneficiaries of the project. If a gray area violating government may calculate it can arises, Christopher asks AID or Treasury that or else the requested aid grant wm be survive a deterioration of political relations denied. and the bank in question to submit a more with the United States. It can ignore cuts in detailed description of the beneficiaries. This small bilateral programs, and it can con Secondly, that grant funding is taken from detailed and quite conscientiously applied tinue to obtain private bank loans. But any your taxes in some form or another, or in review process, by clearly the basic human third-world government must think twice borrowing funds at an interest rate from needs exemption, greatly increases the in before jeopardizing the large amounts flow banks. centive for the banks and recipient coun ing through the international banks. The In 1960 the federal aid to state and local tries to fashion projects to directly benefit international banks are therefore the only governments was $6.5 billion, while in 1979, the needy-a predictable although perhaps remaining arena of effective U.S. government the figure is estimated at $85 b1lllon. Then unintended consequence of the Harkin leverage for human-rights improvements in you are worrying about inflation! amendment. many countries. Many violating governments Note that the value of the American dollar CXXIV--1790-Part 21 28472 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Sept~mber 7, 1978 dropped sharply during the past year or two. WILL MR. CARTER NOW TAKE his earlier political career. He was a lea.ding Prices are rising rapidly each month, creating HEED? light in a radical organis~tion called Viet a situation where workers ask pay increases nam Veterans Against the. War (VVA W), to meet their cost of living, since they find some of whose members led violent demon they are buying less and less with the money HON. BILL ARCHER strations at the Republican National Con they have been earnln15. · OF TEXAS vention in Miami in 1972. Now, a situation arose in Germany during IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MARIJUANA CAMPAIGN World War II, where the money was so abun His involvement in the campaign to "de dant that it almost took a wheelbarrow run Thursday, September 7, 1978 criminalise" marijuana was well known. to buy a postage stamp. In the United States, e Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, I would Less known and more intriguing was his the stamp cost went from 3 cents to 15 cents. role as a trustee of an outfit called the In Gasoline is now nearing 75 cents a gallon like to share with my colleagues in the stitute for Southern Studies (ISS), founded with taxes at the state level, at the federal House of Representatives the following in Atlanta, Georgia, in March, 1970, as a di level, and RTA level in that sum. disturbing article which appeared in the rect subsidiary of IPS in Washington. Note that local property taxes are increas August 7 edition of the Daily Telegraph One of Dr. Bourne's fellow trustees was ing annually. Note that your federal social in London, England. Mr. Marcus Raskin, co-director of IPS, who security tax is increasing annually. Note that If there ever was any doubt in the has recently been a moving figure in the industries are being forced to build plants in minds of any in this Chamber that the anti-intelligence campaign (and in a group Mexico, Canada, Ireland, and elsewhere, sim lapses of judgment which have so char providing legal support for the Socialist ply because the payroll taxes, the federal and Workers Party (US) campaign to expose FBI state taxes, as well as the regulations, are acterized this administration are having informants). becomin15 an increasing burden. a major negative impact on our Nation's According to ISS literature, its staff con When you buy an article do you examine image abroad, this article should be most sisted of "active participants in the struggles the country of manufacture? Look over those educational. of the sixties"-in other words, the radical clothing racks today, and count how ::r.a.ny Mr. Carter should indeed take heed. anti-Vietnam student movements. articles are made elsewhere, rather than in The editorial follows: Atlanta's first radical think-tank declared its resolve to collect embarrassing data on the United States. Note the number of for CARTER DRUG SCANDAL IS NOT OVER private corporations in order to break their eign autos on the streets. Note that recently (By Robert Moss) "colonial domination" of the southern states. another watch firm moved to Switzerland It is little more than a fort-night since The ISS has been notably active in cam and an auto industry moved to Canada, and Dr. Peter Bourne, President Carter's English paigning against local defence projects. another to Ireland. born adviser on drug abuse, was obliged to One wonders how many of the people who This week, two groups in Congress are resign in the midst of dramatic allegations voted for Mr. Carter in Georgia in 1976 were battling over establishing a new hospitaliza that he had supplied narcotics to an attrac a.ware of the existence of this institute, let tion plan. Now, just who do you suppose Is tive assistant under a false name and sniffed alone the involvement of Dr. Bourne, de to fund either of the plans? Your taxes and cocaine iJ-t a Washington party. scribed in Carter's campaign material as a mine, that's who. Yet the scandal seems all but forgotten. "long-term personal friend and adviser." The link with IPS is striking. The Insti The idea that on one hand one can secure Many were astonished to find that, after all that it suffered through Watergate, the tute for Policy Studies had been described a tax cut, and on the other hand secure a American presidency could stUl be subjected as the "link between the revolutionary and new service, without any more taxes added to new indignities. the respectable Left" in Washington. should be discarded, or else face increasing Who, before the Bourne affair, would have It is dedicated to (a) promoting a socialist bureaucratic control over your life, from presumed to ask the President in front of economic system; (b) encouraging unilat cradle to the grave.e the television cameras whether he himself eral disarmament; (c) the disruption and had been supplied with drugs? ultimate disbanding of the intelligence serv All the same, there seems to be widespread ices in their present form; and (d) support readiness to accept that Dr. Bourne's use of for radical governments and guerrilla move drugs, like Mr. Hamilton Jordan's table man ments in the Third World. ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY ners, ls just one more case of the frivolity In a society as visoera.lly conservative as OF THE PENNS GROVE RECORD of the Carter entourage, something we might the United States, it is strange that an or as well grin and bear. ganisation with these objectives can lay I believe that it would be as mistaken to claim to any degree of influence within the HON. WILLIAM J. HUGHES dismiss the Bourne affair as a casual pec Administration. Yet Dr. Bourne is not the OF NEW JERSEY cad1llo as to shrug off Mr. Andrew Young's only IPS associate who achieved a significant pronouncements on the state of the world post under President Carter. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as slips of the tongue-rather than calcu Founded in 1963, IPS now occupies a Thursday, September 7, 1978 lated attempts to undermine the chances of small, five-story building at 1901 'Q' Street an effectively anti-Soviet-American foreign in Washington. It is not short of funds, e Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Speaker, I would policy. which mostly come from private founda like to take this opportunity to offer my BIG QUESTIONS tions. heartiest congratulations to the Penns We have barely begun to scratch the sur Between 1970 and 1976 alone, five founda face of the Bourne affair, and it wm be tions provided a total of about $8 million for Grove Record on the occasion of its IPS and its offshoots. The largest contributor lOOth anniversary as a weekly news interesting to see how deep America's much vaunted new breed of "investigative re was the Samuel Rubin Foundation, set up paper in Penns Grove, N.J. porters" will care to dig. There are two very by the retired chairman of the Faberge Cor Penns Grove, N.J., is my hometown, big questions to be answered: poration, whose son-in-law, Peter Weiss, is so I am especially delighted to have the ( 1) How did Dr. Bourne, with his long chairman of the Boa.rd of IPS. record as a radical activist on political issues, The Rubin foundation contributed heav opportunity to call to my colleagues' at ily to the Transnational Jnstitute, IPS's tention the fact that this small town as well as the drug question, become a trusted adviser of the President, with wlde Amsterdam-based subsidiary, which has pro newspaper has been publishing the news ranging responsib111ties in the White House? vided research grants for people like Tariq Ali .. and is deeply involved in the campaign each week for the last century. The Rec (2) How far have other radicals-many of ord, in the great tradition of American against the multinational companies. them associated with the Institute for Policy Through seminars, conferences and study small town papers, provides a spark that Studies (IPS)-succeeded in penetrating the groups, the IPS has succeeded over the yea.rs keeps the local residents of Penns Carter Administration? in building an impressive range of contacts Grove informed and aware of local ac Dr. Bourne's role as health adviser gave among congressional staffers and the media. It him e. say in the selection of American doc In 1976, IPS wa.s requested by 47 Left-wing tivities and events. has an outstand tors for foreign leaders who requested medi ing history of service to the local com Democrat Congressmen to prepare a critical cal help. He also had broader duties-for analysis of the federal budget. munity. For many residents of Penns example, a watching brief over international It has since prepared "alternative budg Grove, the Record's weekly publication organisations that made him a regular visi ets" and even an "alternative defence budg each Wednesday is a real high point. tor to Geneva. et," focusing on ways to bring about uni So today, Mr. Speaker, I salute the It has also been alleged that he acted in lateral American disarmament, that have in formally as the Prestdel)t's personal consult fl.uenced congressional debates. Penns Grove Record and send my sin ant since before his election as Governor of A current IPS project ls to encourage gov cere congratulations and best wishes for Georgia.. ernment employees, especially intelligence its continuing success in meeting the Dr. Bourne's position of influence-prior omcers, to become "whlstleblowers'' and to community's informational needs.• to the scandal-is the more remarkable given leak omcial secrets. September 7, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28473 IPS has even created a special "whistle Catholic Federation will celebrate the payer to pay for the airlines' cost of blowers hotline," answered by Institute 50th anniversary of its founding. This complying with environmental stand staffers, for the convenience of government branch, located in the 11th Congres ards. The column follows: employees who want to pass on classified sional District of California which I CLEVER SCHEME To PAY FOR QUIETER PLANES information. have the honor to represent, was founded (By Hobart Rowen) With the advent of the Carter Administra- in 1928 at Holy Angels Church in Colma, tion, some of the friends that the IPS or If the airlines have their way, every time ganisers had made in previous years moved Calif. you buy a ticket for a flight in this country, into offices in the federal government. The I would like to take this opportunity 25 percent of the taxes you pay would go di radical influx was particularly obvious in not only to acquaint my colleagues with rectly to them to buy $3.3 billion worth of government agencies like ACTION, which the Colma Branch but also to commend new aircraft and equipment. And every time controls the Peace Corps and other voluntary the branch for its 50 years of outstanding you go abroad, $10 would go from your poc programmes. community service. This organization is ket to the airlines' treasuries- it wouldn't Mary E. King, Dr. Bourne's wife, is deputy devoted to the purpose of upholding and even go first to Uncle Sam- to finance their director of ACTION. Her boss, Mr. Sam new equipment. Brown, had been involved in an IPS proj developing a religious spirit among its This rip-off is part of a clever scheme con ect called the National Conference on Alter members and to spreading that spirit cocted by the airlines to have the public native State and Local Public Policies among the people of Italian descent out pay for the less noisy planes they are sup (NCASLPP) , and attended its conference in side the organization. The federation posed to acquire. It is a lovely make-work Denver last year. also strives through its many and varied project for the aircraft manufactu·rers. And Literature put out by this body with a charitable and apostolic activities to as among the more interesting aspects is that long-winded title declares that it exists to airline fares could be reduced by the amount sist effectively in enriching the lives of of this bonanza to the industry if adminis bring together those who "share a radical all citizens of its community. By all in or populist outlook" and also to build con tration officials and congressional leaders tacts with local government officials in Cuba. dications, the Colma Branch and its have the guts to oppose the scheme. Both Mr. Brown and the head of ACTION'S members have fully lived up to the goals Wage-price watchdog Barry Bosworth wrote adult education programme, Marge Taban of the organization. They are actively a private internal memorandum to the Office kir, were leading anti-Vietnam war activists involved in providing assistance to the of Management and Budget on Sept. 18, 1977, who have given public support to Hanoi. exposing the plan. But he has not been al elderly in the local convalescent hospi lowed to go public with it. The details of IMPRESSIVE LIST tals and in contributing donations to the proposed "Treasury raid" were first pub IPS assocates pop up in more surprising needy persons and for communitv activi licized by Rep. Gene Snyder (R-Ky.). areas of the Carter Administration. Mr. Sid ties. In addition, they sponsor the an Here's what has happened : The airlines ney Harman, the Under Secretary of Com nual baccalaureate mass and gradua now collect, to pay for air-safety measures, merce, is a former IPS trustee. Mr. Robert tion breakfast for Jefferson High School, an 8 percent tax on domestic tickets, 5 per Pastor, a Latin American specialist on the sponsor scholarship grants, and promote cent on domestic air freight, and a fixed $3 National Eecurity Coun::il, who is reported to youth activities in the community. fee on each foreign departure. have asked the CIA to draw up a plan for Those monies go into a trust fund financ toppling the Pinchet regime in Chile, had The anniversary celebration itself ing airport safety measures, including the long been associated with Latin American will be a twofold event. The anniversary salaries of personnel and the detection projects supported by IPS. dinner will be held on Saturday, Sep equipment used in the pre-boarding rou The lists of IPS fellows contain an impres tember 23, at the Villa Hotel in San tines. But the money collected is said to be sive number of people with government posts. Mateo. A concelebrated mass will be held more than needed, suggesting that the 8 per Since leading figures in IPS have aggres at Holy Angels Church on Sunday, Oc cent tax ought to be lowered to about 6 per sively supported Vietnam, Cuba, the Pales tober 1. The mass will be concelebrated cent and the other charges accordingly. tine Liberation Organizations and the Rho Wouldn't a 25 percent reduction in airline desian terrorists and have drawn Marxist by the pastors of the churches in Daly taxes . be a nice anti-inflationary gesture? groups into a widening network, the links City, present and past branch chap But no. The airlines, required by a 1976 of a government official with the Institute lains, and the pastors and chaplains Federal Aviation Administration regulation may be a cause of legitimate concern. from the churches in San Mateo County to use less noisy aircraft after 1984, saw an The Bourne episode, and the evidence or where the federation is located. opportunity to make the public pick up the radical penetration of the lower echelons of I extend my very best wishes to the check. Instead of lowering the tax bill by the Carter Administration should focus at about $3 .3 billion, the airlines' lobby has had tention on the recent testimony of Mr. Alan Colma Branch of the Italian Catholic two measures (H.R. 8729 and H.R. 11986) in K . Campbell, the Chairman of the U.S. Civil Federation on its 50th anniversary, troduced in Congress. Service Commission, to the Senate Com \Vhile also thanking its members for the They would divert 2 points of the 8 percent mittee of the Judiciary. active interest they have displayed in passenger tax (25 percent) and 2 points of Mr. Campbell testified that mere member their community. If more people were the 5 percent freight charge (that's 40 per ship of an extremist, violence-prone orga as devoted to their fellow beings as the cent) into a kitty to finance new planes. The nization-including the Communist party, members of th'.s organization are, it $3 departure tax would be upped to $10, with the Ku Klux Klan, and the Nazi party-is would make the job of any elected of all of it going to the airlines. And a brand no longer a bar to federal employment in ficial much easier. I look forward to new 5 percent surcharge would be placed on the United States. international c!argo- all going to t he carriers. working with the Colma Branch as it So far, these measures appear to be moving The Civil Service Commission, responsible begins its sixth decade of service to its with little opposition through the House for vetting would-be government emuloyees, church and to its community.• Public Works and Ways and Means is not even allowed to question them on committees. their membership, past or present, of such In 1976. the FAA estimated that the air organisations unless they are known to have NOISY AIRCRAFT BILL: THE AIR lines could modify their planes to conform committed an overt criminal act. LINES' SCHEME TO RAID $3 BIL to anti-noise requirements for a total cost or The Chairman of the Senate Committee LION FROM THE TREASURY $950 million. "Retro-fitting" a Boeing 727 by concluded that "we do not have a federal instalUng sound-absorbent material costs employee security programme worthy of the only about $225,000. A new plane can run to name." HON. CHARLES A. VANIK $12 million. Will Mr. Carter now take heed? e OF OHIO But if the airlines can saueeze $3.3 billion out of an unsuspecting public, they will have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES acquired all new eauipment, by putting up FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY COMMEN Thursday, September 7, 1978 barely over half of the total cost. estimated DATION TO COLMA BRANCH 19 OF at ~7 billion. You and I will pay for the rest. THE ITALIAN CATHOLIC FEDERA e Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, title III of I! the airlines get away with this bad TION the Airport and Aircraft Noise Reduc precedent, then the public should expect to tion Act, the so-called Noisy Aircraft be the victim-through taxes-of the cost of Revenue and Credit Act, provides a $3 meeting any environmental standard. HON. LEO J. RYAN billion gift to the airlines for the pur But the devious nature of this particular proposal is extraordinary. The tax is sneaky, OF CALIFORNIA chase of new aircraft and engines. In a because it is already on the books for another IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENT ATTVES column entitled "'Clever Scheme' To Pay for Quieter Planes," Hobart Rowen purpose. Without publicity, the "raid" would Thursday, September 7, 1978 have taken place, and no one would be the of ~he Washington Post, on August 17, wiser. • Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, on Septem attacked the noisy aircraft bill as an air This gift to the airlines ought to be vigor ber 30, Colma Branch 19 of the Italian line scheme to rip off the Americaa tax- ously contested by the Carter administration. 28474 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1978 Instead, it ts keeping quiet, in the hopes that PLAYING POLITICS WITH U.S. President Carter's veto of the defense pro lt will get some congressional votes as a DEFENSE curement bill. trade-off for an airline regulation reform Admiral Rafshoon's mmtary career has bill. been the most meteoric since Gilbert and Privately, Carter aides hope to get the Sulllvan's Ruler of the Queen's Navle, and he HON. ELDON RUDD should be duly rewarded with the Order of House bills weakened in the Senate. But if OF ARIZONA the White House really wants to control the Cardigan and the title Lord Get Tough inflation, and be convincing in denials that IN THE HOUSE OF REPREJENTATIVES for helping to engineer a supposedly image enhanclng veto. But as Congress votes on the it has muzzled Bosworth (whose jawboning Thursday, September 7, 1978 has offended George Meany), it can do so move to override, something is shaping up easily. It can unleash Bosworth and others e Mr. RUDD. Mr. Speaker, I was ap beyond cosmetic politics. If the veto ls sus for an active role in whipping an inexcusable palled by ref us al of the House today to tained, it will be largely through the votes of handout to the airline industry at the tax override President Carter's veto of the Congress's scrap-the-Pentagon bloc. payers' expense. defense budget authorization for next Critics of the veto in Congress include not only Armed Services Ohalrmen Stennis and These persuasive arguments show year. Price, but Sen. Gary Hart, the chief apostle that the cloc;ed rule for title III must be Both the President and the Members of a more-but-smaller-ships navy. Some who opposed when the hill rear.hec; the floor of Congress who supported his veto are oppose nuclear carriers don't think the veto early next week. This would permit the playing cheap power politics with the was procedurally wise, since it will reignite House to consider amendments which security and defense of our Nation, in congressional debate on the bill's compro would reduce the airline pac:senger tax an attempt to help the President's image mises and slow all milltary improvements. and make him appear to be a tougher The President can count on the support of by 2 percent and deny the airline indus partisan loyalists like Speaker O'Neill, on try an investment tax credit on the tax leader. votes for sale for dams or breeder reactors, gift. There was no reason to veto the en and on the bloc that thinks slowing military We cannot let the airlines fly away tire defense program in the first place. improvements ls a good thing. But among with $3 bUlion from the Airport and If the President was sincerely concerned Congressmen sensitive to the merits of the Airway Trust Fund. I urge you to vote about the cost of the proposed new nu issue, the administration has lost the debate. against the closed rule on this bill that clear carrier, he could have used his This ls scarcely surprising, considering the will raid the U.S. Treasury.• authority to rescind funds for just that quality of the argument the administration one budget item after Congress had ap has been advancing. We have already re propriated the money-rather than de marked on how in announcing the veto the President assailed Congress by confusing au- · lay and jeopardize our entire defense thorization bills and appropriations bills. He MRS. "TERRI BLAKE" BLALACH AND program, including vital support of also remarked, "I have not had a single ad NATIONAL GRANDPARENTS DAY NATO, just to help bolster his image. viser who told me that we ought to go ahead I think it is a sad day for our country with the nuclear aircraft carrier." We wonder when the defense and security of our if the President ever met his just-retired HON CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR. people become the victim and the hostage Chief of Naval Operations, James Holloway, OF OHIO of politicians who are more interested in who publicly testified in favor of another IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES improving the President's low ratings Nimitz-class boat last April. in the polls. Then there is the administration's persist Thursday, September 7, 1978 ent claim that the nuclear carrier would cost In my book, this action should only •Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, on Sun $1 billion more than the oil-powered version serve to lower those ratings, because it wants. Some $268 million has already been day, September 10, 1978. America cele statesmanship has been discarded in spent buying the nuclear components for a brates National Grandparents Day. favor of power politics. new &hip, and Congress figures it could finish Passed bv this bodv on ,Julv 10 and later Mr. Speaker, I was proud to vote to the job for another $1,930 million. The oil signed into law by President Carter on powered ship ts estimated at $1,575 million. July 28, 1978, this resolution has been day with the 191 Members of the House The nuclear ship comes with a 13-year fuel the s,..ecial concern of one of my former in support of the defense program, and supply, worth $330 million in oil at current con.c;tituents. Mrs. "Terri. Blake" Blalach to override the President's veto. prices. Treating sunk costs as sunk, and ad of Hollvwood, Calif. · The Wall Street Journal's lead edi justing for fuel included in one purchase torial this morning is an excellent factual prlc& but not the other, the vastly more In 1955 at the comer of Hollywood capable nuclear &hip costs only $25 million and Vine Ms. Blaire began coUecting commentary repudiating the President's position against the defense bill as origi more. signatures on a 50-foot scroll for a nally passed by both Houses of Con How this becomes $1 billion was explained National Grandmothers Day. Later gress-including the new nuclear car in a letter last week from Thomas B. Ross, the grandmothers designation grew to Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public include all grandparents. During the rier-and this politically motivated vote Affairs (and, in a former incarnation, co ensuing years, Ms. Bli;tke traveled to uphold the veto. author of "The Invisible Government," one throughout the country speaking be The editorial shows that plans, facili of the first sensationalist as~aults on the fore countless groups on behalf of an ties, and construction crews are already CIA): The nuclear components will be stored primed to build a follow-on Nimitz-class in case one of the present nuclear carriers official observance of a National breaks down, so add the sunk costs back into Grandparents Day. nuclear carrier, as soon as the one now under construction is launched. the nuclear purchase price. Forget fuel costs, Now a great-grandmother, whose The design of a new oil-powered con because there are also other oper~ting costs. 75th birthdav coincidentally was also Add in $200 million to put certain equipment ventional carrier is not even complete. contemplated for the conventional ship on September 10, Terri Blake is living The molds and other expensive precon proof that one is never too old to realize the nuclear one as well. When you have done struction work will have to be done all all this, $268 million plus $330 million plus one's dreams. At a~e 50 she embarked over again if we scrap the nuclear facili $200 million plus the original $25 million, on a career in movies, followed by parts ties. The total cost to build and operate you get $823 million. Close enough for gov in such well-known television programs a conventional ship will therefore event ernment work, call it $1 bllllon. as "Dennis the Menace" and "Hi.gh ually far exceed the cost of another Now, there have been detailed life-cycle way Patrol." In addition, her book nuclear vessel. cost studies of the two carriers, most con "You Can Do It" has provided inspira I would like to include this editorial veniently summarized in Admiral Rickover's tion for people faced with impending showing the complete lack of basis for April testimony. Including all operating costs retirement. the action of the President, and the ma and aircraft, the nuclear option costs 1.38 Recently, Mayor Tom Bradley of Los jority of the House in this matter to times as much as the conventional one over Angeles honored Mrs. Blalach by pre day, at this point in the RECORD: their respective lifetimes but the nuclear senting her with the official Los Angeles ADMIRAL RAFSHOON ship provides 1.45 times as many aircraft. proclamation of Grandparents Day. Mr. Per plane, nuclear is 5% cheaper. And the "It's not just talk, Congress cut muscle for nuclear ship is faster, freer of a logistical Speaker, I think it is only fitting that this another layer of fat." So Gerald Rafshoon, body similarly recognize her tireless ef Atlanta adman and student of the defense tail, more able to defend itself, and more able forts and many years of service on be budget, instructs John Stennis, Melvin Price to sustain combat damage. half of America's grandparents.• and other greenhorns who don't understand All of these calculations, further, are likely September 7, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28475 to be dwarfed by a simple industrial fact. So, Mr. Speaker, I commend those in ticipation in apprenticeships led the Cal Plans, facilities and construction crews are my district, as well as those throughout ifornia Conference on Apprenticeships in primed to build a follow-on Nimitz-class the country who have worked so hard to 1960 to propose equal opportunity com boat as soon as the one now under construc tion is launched. The design of the oil bring National Family Day the recogni mittees to encourage sponsors of appren powered option is not even complete; in the tion it deserves, and I urge my colleagues ticeship programs to devise ways of in end its estimated $1,575 million cost is al to give this day their strong support.• volving more minority persons. Federal together likely to work its way above the and State regulations followed these $1,930 million for the nuclear version. early voluntary efforts, and as a result The administration's contentions are the FHWA established supportive serv simply unsustainable on the merits, which ASIAN AMERICAN PARTICIPATION ices programs in parts of the State to act explains why it chose the essentially unprec IN FHWA APPRENTICESHIP PRO as liaisons between apprenticeship pro edented route of vetoing the whole defense GRAMS MUST BE INCREASED grams, potential apprentices, potential procurement bill. It could have asked for a simple recision without upsetting the rest of contracting companies, labor unions, and the bill, a course it took last year. But to get HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA consultants from the Division of Appren a recision it needs a majority in both houses, OF CALIFORNIA ticeship Standards. Supportive services while it can sustain a veto with a third in programs disseminate information about either. And a third is an easy target bec!'Luse, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trade opportunities to eligible young despite much healing of the Vietnam Thursday, September 7, 1978 adults in communities. They also prepare trauma, there are still a significant number applicants for interviews and math and of Congressmen prepared to vote against any • Mr. MINETA. Mr. Speaker, the re cent Supreme Court decision in the English requirements on qualifying tests thing mill tary. for particular trades. In pursuit of Mr. Rafshoon's "tough" im Bakke case to uphold the principle of age, the administration is striking an alli affirmative action stands as testimony to Asian Americans over the past decade ance with the antimilitary faction in Con our country's basic commitment to equal have comprised the fastest growing eth gress. Meanwhile, it charges that Sen. Sten opportunity for all Americans. The Court nic group in California and, contrary to nis and the rest are soft on defense. By now struck down the use of quotas as a favorable stereotypes attributed to Asian it should be clear that the electorate wants Americans, poverty, unemployment, and not cosmetics but a stronger defen-e, and method of affirmative action, but chose Congressmen who lend themselves to the ad to preserve affirmative action itself as an underemployment are substantial prob ministration's t.rick-mirror maneuver should effective means of overcoming past dis lems with Asian-American communities. be called to account in November.e crimination. Although not the sole There is a great need for job training standard for selection in special school and development in Asian-American admissions and employment programs, communities, particularly for young the factors of race and ethnic origin as adults. FAMILIES: CORNERSTONE OF important criteria for consideration have Problems are particularly severe for AMERICAN LIFE been sustained. the Indochinese who settled in the United I believe that we as a nation have a States following the collapse of Indo commitment to insure equality of oppor china in 1975. Of the roughly 130,000 of HON. HAROLD C. HOLLENBECK tunity in all facets of American life, and these recent immigrants, 30,500 have set OF NEW JERSEY that affirmative action programs are tled in California, and many are still IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES necessary to fulfill that commitment. dependent on cash assistance programs. Thursday, September 7, 1978 Innovative, creative, and fair ways of Currently, there exist three highway integrating disadvantaged persons into supportive services programs in Califor e Mr. HOLLENBECK. Mr. Speaker, at American life must now be designed and nia which provide assistance to minority a time when many of our institutions are implemented. The Supreme Court's rul groups, including Asians, in apprentice suspect, and are under attack from ing may bring reform of current recruit ship programs. The study examined these many directions, it is important that ment and admissions policies, but such programs to evaluate their effectiveness we recognize the importance of many of reform must render affirmative action in reaching out to Asian Americans. those institutions. One of the most im programs more sensitive and responsive Asian-American apprentices were con portant of those is the family. It is to to the special skills, needs, and talents tacted to obtain their input regarding recognize- the importance of the family of all individuals. the quality of supportive services pro in our society that National Family Day I would like to bring to the attention grams and their suggestions for change is being celebrated on September 17, of my colleagues one sector of the con and improvement of such programs. 1978. struction industry where the needs of a Some conclusions of the study were: In my own Ninth District of New Jer particular ethnic minority apparently ( 1) According to the Quarterly Training sey, the celebration of National Family are not being met. The Federal Highway Reports from the State Department of Trans Day has been planned and carried out Administration of the U.S. Department portation, a total of 6 Asian Americans par by parents, children, businessmen, work of Transportation ordered a study to be ticipated in Federal-aid highway construc ers, men, women, teachers, ministers. prepared by Equivest Associates of Pasa tion apprenticeship programs in California They come from all walks of life, from between December 1, 1976, and September 30, dena to assess the degree of involvement 1977. While estimated 1977 census data in every age group, every religious faith of Asian Americans in FHWA-sponsored dicate that Asian Americans accounted for and every political philosophy. They are highway construction apprenticeship 5.4% of California's population, statistics united by their belief that the family is programs in California. Results of the from the State Department of Transporta mortar in the foundation of our Nation. study indicate that very few Asian tion show that Asian Americans represented Mr. Speaker, I share their belief. Al Americans are participating in highway only 0.7% of the total apprentices in high though it has been fashionable in some construction apprenticeshins generally, way construction training programs. circles to ridicule the idea of close family and few participate in FHWA support (2) The low participation of Asian Amer icans in highway construction work in Cali ties, and to mock the very idea of family services specifically. fornia has been due to a lack of outreach to love itself, the majority of Americans Formal apprenticeship training pro Asian communities by apprenticeship pro still know that families are important. grams in California, as regulated by the grams in general, and by highway supportive They are a safe harbor, a constant State Department of Industrial Rela services in particular. For example, in South source of strength and help. They are tions, Division of Apprenticeship Stand ern California, the Mexican American Oppor where we learn about life, about love, ards, combine on-the-job training with tunity Foundation (MAOF), available to ancf'~bout ourselves. supplemental classroom instruction over Asian Americans, has provided highway sup By learning how to live in our own a 4-year period. An individual appren portive services for the past six years. Yet ticeship is arranged by an agreement most Asian American organizations in South family, we can learn how to live in ern California are not even aware of the the larger families of which we all are between the apprentice, the employer, existence of MAOF. Of the 14 Asian Amer a part-the family of our friends, our and a Joint Apprenticeship Committee ican apprentices contacted by the research fellow Americans, and or fellow men representative. study, only one was recruited by a highway throughout the world. Concern for the lack of minority par- supportive services program. 28476 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1978 ( 3) There appears to be racial discrimina highway construction industry. To do As every historian knows, that which is tion against Asian Americans within the con any less would be to undermine our basic loosely called "national character" represents struction industry generally, including high commitment to equal opportunity for all the spirit not of an entire nation, but only way construction-related apprenticeship pro of that social group which at a given time grams. To illustrate this point, it J:las been Americans.• happens to control the instruments of power documented that out of 11 Asian Americans and the organs of opinion, and manifests it who passed a test for a specific highway con self only as long as that group enjoys this struction trade, many of them with solid control. The problem, therefore, is one of educational backgrounds and work experi BALANCE(S) OF POWER SERIES identifying the elite and ascertaining its par ence, not a single Asian trainee was hired by BOOK II (G) -NATIONAL CHAR ticular experiences, interests, and expecta contractors participating in the apprentice ACTER tions. Such knowledge is particularly useful ship programs. in dealing with countries that have authori tative forms of government because there the Mr. Speaker, I believe more pressure ruling elite is relatively immune to public must be brought to bear by government, HON. JOHN B. BRECKINRIDGE pressures. by individual citizens and groups, and by' OF KENTUCKY In considering the elite that rules today's the manager of recruitment and coun IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Russia and its possessions, four facts rele seling services to change this state of af Thursday, September 7, 1978 vant to its conduct of foreign policy de fairs. The report which I have referred mand emphasis-its cultural background, the to today makes some specific recom e Mr. BRECKINRIDGE. Mr. Speaker, nature of its claim to authority, its class in mendations for improvement: in our consideration of the many factors terests, and its colonial experience. Only 'Yhich bear on the strategic balance be when all four of these factors have been (1) Greater communication between ad taken into account is it poss\ble to under ministrators of the apprenticeship programs tween the United States and the Soviet Union, we turn next to an article written stand something of that peculiar mixture of and Asian American community and social aggressiveness and caution that has distin service organizati6ns should take place. Po about the Soviet national character and guished Soviet foreign policy since 1917. tentia,l applicants must get the information making some comparisons with opposing they need to participate in FHWA-sponsored American characteristics. CULTURAL BACKGROUND programs and supportive services. The Soviet elite is not the same one that Different patterns of upb'ringing, edu had ruled Russia in the Imperial period ( 2) Programs to date have been geared cation, national history, and other con toward blacks and Mexican Americans. Exist tha.t is, from the accession of Peter the Great ing supportive services groups should be ditioning lead to behaYioral responses in 1689 to the Revolution. The Imperial elite, ma.de to increase their sensitivity to the spe and perceptions by a member of a na composed largely of landed and service gen cial needs of Asian Americans. Recruiting tionality which would be completely un try, was thoroughly Westernized; it consid and counseling staffs should include mem predictable or misunderstood by a mem ered itself part of Europe and in its majority bers who are culturally sensitive to Asian ber of the other, if we did not take the emulated European models. This class was Americans; preferably bil1ngual individuals time to study these differences. overthrown in 1917, and replaced by a. new who can help non-English speaking immi elite formed of elements that had never been grants develop a working knowledge of Eng The author of this selection in the much exposed to Westerni:ration: the lower lish for qualifying tests of each trade. strategic balance is a longtime student bureaucracy, small tradesmen, provincla.l in of the Soviet Union and Russian ways, telligentsia., clergy, skilled labor, and peas (3) Existing State and federal regulations antry. The cultural roots of these groups lay requiring affirmative action pl(l.ns, goals, and Richard E. Pipes. By focusing on the historical experience which has produced not in the Westernized Russia of Peter and timetables should be actively enforced by his successors, but in the prePetrine culture the FHWA in the. highway construction in today's Soviet elite, Professor Pipes of old Moscow, and even beyond it, in Byzan dustry , to combat existing discrimination. shows why we must expect the Soviet tium and the Turkic tribes of the steppe. The needs and characteristics of Asian Amer Union to pursue a strategic role of ag icans should be made clear to the industry. In Tmperial Russia, the ancestors of the So gression and opportunism. His article, viet, elite had been kept out of the chambers The FHWA should specifically identify entitled "Why the Russians Act Like of power. They always viewed the Western _ which ethnic groups constitute Asian Russians,'' first appeared in Air Force culture of the st. Petersburg court and of its Americans to both the industry and sup magazine in June 1970. gentry with distaste and suspicion. Though portive services, in order to help elimi not averse to borrowing Western technology, The article follows: especially of a m111tary nature, they reJected nate this misconception that Asians con WHY THE RUSSIANS ACT LIKE RUSSIANS the spiritual foundations on which this tech sist only of such well-established groups (By Prof. Richard E. Pipes) nology had grown. Their whole attitude to as Japanese · and Chinese. Stereotypes The desire to seek explanation of a coun ward the external world was decisively in concerning the wealth and self-suffi try's conduct in its history is a natural and fluenced by the teachings of the Orthodox ciency of Asian Americans should be justifiable one, since clearly every nation's Church, which more than any other Chris eliminated; there is definitely a large outlook and behavior are in some measure tian establishment resisted innovation and pool of highway construction trade ap influenced by its past experience. But the persecuted heresy. The xenophobia this Or prentices within the various Asian Amer procedure is always fraught with danger. It is thodox Church inculcated in its flock im ican communities in both northern and all too easy to fashion an image of another pressed itself very deeply on the mind of the people's national character, to assume that it Russian lower classes; and so did the belief southern California. is eternal and immutable, and from this as that the Orthodox alone are pure and flt for Mr. Speaker, the U.S. Department of sumption to draw completely false deduc salvation. This fa.1th, in a. secularized form, Transportation recently gave final ap tions. has remained very much part of the outlook proval for construction of an 11 mile In reality, "national character" is an of the Soviet elite; for although this elite stretch of freeway in San Jose, Calif., elusive and transient thing. In the seven professes m111tant atheism, it has no other teenth and eighteenth centuries, for example, culture to fall back on than the xeno within the 13th Congressional District, phobic, anti-Western culture of old Moscow. which I represent. I hope that this $53 the French were generally regarded as the million project will provide the FHWA most aggressive nation on the European con The practical consequences of this fact tinent, whereas the Germans were viewed as are considerable. The group ruling the Soviet with an opportunity to make more prog Union is not predisposed by its cultural ress in helping Asian Americans acquire impractical dreamers, sovereigns of the "realm of clouds," a.s Voltaire called them. background to regard itself as part of a. broader international community; nor does and use skills associated with highway Then, in the second half of the nineteenth construction. it tend to think in terms of a stable world century ·the roles were neatly reversed, and order that accords every nation a rightful Americans of Asian descent have made the Germans, descending from their clouds, place. Such an outlook is widespread in com impressive contributions to the social, turned into a nation of Huns. munities with a Protestant and a commer scientific, economic, cultural, and polit The Japanese, who were once thought to cial culture, but it is rather rare elsewhere. ical development of the United States. have inherited from their samurai ancestors The Soviet elite tends to think in terms of Asian American participation in the an unquenchable thirst for blood, have re e. perpetual conflict pitting right a.gainstr cently become a nation of frenetic business wrong, from which only one side can emerge growth of the farming, mining, and rail men, at the same time that the Jews, whose victorious. Needless to elaborate, Commu road industries of this country has been · unfitness for warfare had been proverbial, nist ideology with its stress on class warfare well documented. I urge the FHWA to created in Israel a mmtary ma.chine of un culminating in a vast revolutionary cata adjust its apprenticeship programs to surpassed efficiency. Such examples could be clysm neatly reinforces this inherited religi bring mdr"e Asian Americans into the multiplied many times over. ously inspired outlook. September 7, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28477 THE QUESTION OF LEGITIMACY fronted a genuine menace rather than one ject peoples, Western and Oriental, not from The elite that rules Soviet Russia lacks a of its own making, namely Nazi Germany, it dealing on equal terms with other sovereign legitimate claim to authority, and this fact reacted by appeasing; its most determined states. The Office of Ambassadors in Moscow has critical bearing on its conduct of both reactions have always been reserved for imag knew less, comparatively speaking, about domestic and foreign policy. Lenin, Trotsky, inary enemies.) foreigners than did the various administra ~nd their associates seized power by force, CLASS INTERESTS tive offices charged with responsibility for overthrowing an ineffective but democratic All elites have vested interests, or they administering immense territories inhabited government. The government they founded, would not be elites. But as a rule, the dis by peoples of different races and religions. in other words, derives from a violent act parity between the interests of the elite and In some measure- this also held true of the carried out by a tiny minority. Furthermore, of the rest of the citizenry is wider in poor Imperial government and of the Soviet gov this power seizure was carried out under countries than in rich ones, and the dread of ernment; for techniques of government tend false pretenses. The coup d'etat of October losing status is proportionately more acute. to survive changes of elites. 1917 was. accomplished not on behalf of the And Russia is stlll a desperately poor country, The implications are not far to seek. A Bolshevik party but on behalf of the so with a standard of living below that of some country whose governing apparatus has viets-a fact that survives today mainly in countries in the pre-industrial state of de learned how to deal with foreign peoples the name "Soviet Union." The soviets were velopment. The bulk of the wealth created from what a.re essentially colonial practices representative bodies of soldiers, workers, by Soviet industry since the inauguration of is not predisposed to think in terms of a and peasants, which, for all their structural the first Five Year Plan in 1928 has gone into stable international community or of a bal looseness and lack of regular procedure, did armaments and those branches of the econ ance of power. Its natural instincts a.re to in a fashion express the will of the people. omy of greatest direct benefit to the mmtary. exert the maximum use of force, and to re But although the Bolsheviks claimed to Agriculture has been ruined to pay for this gard absorption as the only dependable way overthrow the Provisional Government in most up-to-date military machine; and the of settling relations with other states, es order to transfer power to these soviets, in consumer industry has been forced to oper pecially those located along its own b:>rders. · reality they used them from the beginning as ate on a shoestring. There is little need here for theory, because a facade behind which to consolidate their This situation has not significantly the options are narrow, and concern tactics own authority, and the transfer was never changed since the death of Stalin, periodic rather than objectives or strategy. accomplished. And, finally, the Soviet govern promises of a vast outpouring of consumer To any one acquainted with the rich litera ment has never dared to seek a mandate from goods notwithstanding (e.g., Khruzhchev's ture on the international relations of the its population. The one and only post-1917 confident boast that by 1970 the Soviet Union Western powers, it must come as a surprise election in which the Bolsheviks ran in com would exceed the United States in the pro to learn that there is no definitive or even petition with other parties-the election for duction of meat and milk) . The Soviet citi comprehensive history of Russian foreign re the Constituent Assembly held in the winter zen today is poor not only in comparison lations. The literature on the theory of Rus of 1917-1918-gave them a quarter of the with his counterpart in other European sian foreign policy is so meager that it may national vote, whereupon they ordered it dis countries, but also in comparison with his be said not to exist. That Russians have felt solved. No elections giving the voter a choice own grandfather. In terms of essentials no need to compile the record of their ex even from among Communist candidates food, clothing, and housing-the Soviet ternal relations or to investigate its prin have been held since that disagreeable ex population as a whole is worse off than it ciples ls in itself a significant fact, mustra perience. was before the Revolution and in the 1920s. tlve of their general attitude toward the Now it is sometimes said by friends of the If one considers such intangibles as access outside world. Soviet Union abroad that one must not apply to information and the right to travel as THE CHARACTER OF THE RUSSIANS to its government standards of democracy elements of the standard of living (as they These four factors impel the elite which derived from the West. And, indeed, it ls per should be), then the Soviet citizenry is posi rules Soviet Russia. to conduct a dynamic fectly possible to exercise authority without tively destitute. and inherently aggressive foreign policy, very recourse to the Western idea of popular sov This cannot be said of the Soviet elite, different from that pursued by such pro ereignty or by twisting it out of all semblan<:e which enjoys a fairly decent standard of life. domlnantly commercial countries as the as Hitler had done when he claimed that the The closer a member of this group stands to United States, whose main aim ls interna will of 80,000,000 Germans fused and became the inner sancta. of the burea.ucra.tic-mlli tional stab111ty. If the Soviet elite were not one with his own. But as a matter of record, tary-police establishment, the readier his inhibited by other factors, which it ls help the Soviet government makes no such claim access to the country's very limited store of less to change, the Soviet Union very likely on its own behalf: Its constitution and legal goods and services, to the sources of objec would conduct a policy of reckless external system claim to rest on democratic principles expansion such as Germany and Japan pur indistinguishable from our own, and hence tive information, to a. passport authorizing travel abroad. No wonder, therefore, that the sued in the 1930s. But fortunately, such in it cannot escape being judged by them. A hibiting factors do exist, and these must be government that came to power by force in Soviet elite vigorously protects its privileged position and the political system which taken into account to provide a rounded the name of slogans it did not honor and had picture of Soviet foreign policy. no lntention of honoring, and which has makes it possible; that it dreads democracy which would inevitably sweep away its status The most important of these ls the spirit never dared to seek popular sanction, such and mood of the ordinary people: not only a government cannot be said to be demo and force it to share the indescribably drab life of the ordinary Soviet citizenry; that it the people of Great Russian stock but also cratic no matter how broadly the term is de those belonging to the numerous ethnic mi fined. And herein lies its tragedy and insolu supports the regime in its nationalism and crisis-mongering. norities inhabiting the Soviet Union. ble inner contradiction. The yawning gap The Russian people have no tradition of between constitutional promise and political THE COLONIAL EXPERIENCE glorifying war, perhaps because they never reality stares in the eye of all but the most The Moscow state emerged on the fringe of had a feudal culture in the proper sense of obtuse or cynical of Soviet citizens. Asia. In order to create a national state, its the word. Its great medieval epic celebrates Legitimacy of some kind ls essential to founders had not only to impose their au not the victory of Russian arms but their every political authority to justify the right thority on rival Russian principalities, but defeat. Neither in the folklore nor in the of some men to order others about. The So also to repel, subdue, and integrate the proverbs of Russia is there much trace of viet government ls no exception. Unable to Turco-Mongol and Finnie populations by · militarism. The common people have always obtain a popular mandate, it seeks to obtain which they were surrounded. As a conse it in a variety of other ways, of which na viewed war as a desperate act to defend one's quence, in Russia the process of nation home; and Russian troops, so effective on tionalism is the handiest. By appearing as building took place concurrently with that the protector of Russian national interests their home soil, have never shown much sk111 from internal and external enemies, the re of empire-building, rather than before. The in foreign campaigns. This general attitude gime can identify itself with the people. But two processes, so distinct in the history of deserves comment even in the case of a coun to be able to do so, it must have enemies; Western states, in the case of Russia cannot try that allows its citizenry no say in govern and it conjures them up as the need arises. be readily separated either chronologically or mental affairs, because in the long run the The atmosphere of a crisis is essential to the geographically. In the second half of the quality of the human material has consid Soviet elite and can be counted on to re sixteenth century Moscow already adminis erable bearing on a government's freedom of main an instrument of Soviet policy as long tered a sizable colonial population of Tatars action. as the present elite remains in power. and Finns. To t~se were added in the seven Even more significant, however, is the fact In the 1930s and 19~0s it was often said teenth century the natives of Siberia and the that the people of the Soviet Union are that Soviet behavior was motivated by fear. Cossacks; in the eighteenth the nomads of utterly exhausted. The country had been This is correct as far as it goes-only the Central Asia, the Crimean Tatars, the mob111zed in 1914 and except for brief respites fear is not of other peoples but of its own, Ukrainians, Belorussians, Poles, Jews, and has not been allowed since then to return to and for that reason it ls incapable of being Baltic peoples; and in the nineteenth, the normal life. Having dropped out of the inter allayed by concessions. Fear breeds insecu Caucasians and Muslims of Turkestan. national war in 1917, Russia suffered for the rity, which in turn expresses itself, in na As a result of these acquisitions, the Mos next three years an even more devastating tions as in individuals, in aggressive be cow government acauired early a great deal civil war, followed by two years of famine. havior. (It may be noted parenthetically, of expertise in handling foreigners; but this It barely recovered from these disasters dur that the one time the Soviet Union con- expertise it gained from administering sub- ing the New Economic Policy era, when in 28478 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1978 1928 it was reharnessed into state service to of a rational foreign policy insofar as the Russia, as elsewhere, is questionable. It ls carry out the most ambitious program of whole assumption of communism ls that the a curious fact that the most liberal among industralization ever attempted by a nation. forces of "progress" and of "reaction" are American scientists, who have been so frus To make this program economically feasible, split along class lines, not national ones. trated in their attempt to influence their a whole counterrevolution was inaugurated By and large, Russian expansion tends to own government on such issues as ABM in the countryside, in the course of which focus on targets of opportunity. Historians are most sanguine about the power of their the government confiscated, ~n the face of have long noted what may be called the "pen Soviet counterparts. But if they tried and the peasantry's desperate resic::tance, its land, dulum" effect in nineteenth-century Russian failed to exert political power in a country livestock, and implements. This tragedy was expansion, meaning rapid shifts from one where it is possible to appeal over the head not even over when the regime launched a area to another in response to encountered of the administration to the mass of citi political massacre of nightmarish dimensions resistance. Thus, frustrated by its defeat in zens, how can the Soviet scientific elite suc of actual, potential, or imaginary opponents. the Crimean War from subjugating the Otto ceed in a country where no such opportunity And then came World War II. The losses in man Empire, the Imperial government exists? • human lives which the population of the promptly sent its forces into Central Asia, On balance, the development of modern Soviet Union has suffered between 1914-1945 which it conquered in a series of rapid ex milltary technology wm probably intensify exceed those of any people in modern times peditions. But as soon as the British, alarmed the expansionist tendencies of the Soviet including the Jews. They can be estimated for the security of India, threatened to stop elite. It ls likely to increase its self-confi at 2,000,000 casualties in World War I, Russian advances in that region, St. Peters dence and encour8ge it to pursue targets of 14,000,000 during the civil war and the burg shifted its attention to the Far East. De opportunity wherever they present them fa.mine, 10,000,000 during collectivization, feated in Korea and Manchuria by Japan, it selves with greater boldness than before. 10,000,000 during the purges, and 20,000,000 returned to the Balkans. (NOTE. Richard E. Pipes (Ph.D. Harvard, during World War II, for a total of 56,000,000. Such pendular swings can also be detected 1950) ls Professor of History and Director of The demographic pyramid of the Soviet pop in Soviet foreign policy: for instance, the the Russian Research Center at Harvard ulation bears a visible scar from these stu shift in 1948 from expansion in Europe University, where he has been a member of pendous losses showing a deep indentation in where it was halted by determined U.S. re the faculty since 1950. A former member of the age group between thirty-five and sistance-to East Asia. This evidence suggests seventy, especially males. that Russian expansion is motivated less by the Joint Committee on Slavic and East Eu rope?n Studies of the American Council of . After such exertions and bloodletting the needs than by opportunities, less by what its inhabitants of the Soviet Union are simply elite wants than by what it can get. For this Learned Societies and the Social Science Re incapable of being mobilized once again for reason it is impossible to determine control search Council, he has also served as visit any sustained national effort. Their fatigue over which areas would satisfy the Soviet ing professor at the University of California is so profound that neither exhortations nor government and induce it to assume a corpo at Berkeley. His publications which bear alarms can shake them from it. They require rate international stance. Russia has all the directly on Russian history include: Forman three things of which they have been de territory and all the resources it needs; its ti on of the Soviet Union: Communism and prived for the past half a century: peace, external security is assured by its military Nationalism, 1917-1923 (rev. ed., 1964); Ka privacy, and prosperity, probably in this power and by vast buffer zones separating it ramzin's Memoir on Ancient and Modern order. With a population in this state it is from potential enemies. If it nevertheless Russia (1959); The Russian Intelligentsi!.\ just not possible to launch ambitious drives keeps on expanding it is precisely because its (editor and contributor, 1961); Social De of external expansion. expansion is in large measure determined by mocracy anti St. Petersburg Labor Movement Consideration must also be given to the internal rather than external factors, above (editor, 1963); Of the Russe Commonwealth fact that approximately one-half of the all, by the tragic relationship of the govern by Giles Fletcher (1591) (co-editor with population af the Soviet Union consists of ment to its people. John Fine, 1966); Revolutionary Russia peoples who are not of Russian nationality. (editor and contributor, 1968); and Europe DEVELOPMENTS SINCE WORLD WAR II since 1816 (1970)).e This colonial population brought under Rus Developments which have occurred in mili sian sovereignty by Imperial and Soviet con tary technology since the end of World War quest, not only shares the exhaustion of the II, and particularly the emergence of a strat Russians proper, but experiences a sense of egy based on rocketry and nuclear weapons, national frustration as well. Neither blan significantly affected the situation. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION dishments nor prosecution have had much In some respects, the changes in warfare effect on the patriotic spirit among the have had a positive effect on world peace. ethnic minorities. They constitute a volatile HON. ROBERT S. WALKER and unreliable element. Scientific and technological warfare re quires a large scient.fic and technical intel OF PENNSYLVANIA Thus, a kind of dilemma arises before the ligentsia, whose outlook is bound to be very Soviet elite: One of the principal factors in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ducing it to maintain an aggressive posture, different from that of the traditional class of field or staff officers. That which has been Thursday, September 7, 1978 namely lack of confidence in its popular support, also forces it to act cautiously. The learned of this intell1gentsia through per • Mr. WALKER. Mr. Speaker, because Soviet government cannot risk a protracted son1l contacts during the past fifteen years so much controversy has surrounded the war because such a war always makes the suggests that it differs i ndeed from the rest real intent to the Walker eaual oppor government dependent on its population. All of the Soviet elite of which it is a member tunity amendment to the Labor-HEW the important concessions which the Im by virtue of its privileged status. Soviet scientists and technicians think of them appropriation bill, I would like to bring perial government had made were the con to my colleagues' attention an exchange sequence of long wars : the Crimean War, selves not only as Russians but also us citi which compelled it to free the serfs and in zens of the world, for they are better a ware of correspondence I had with a Pennsyl stitute local self-government; the Japanese than administrators of common human prob vania resident during the August recess. war, which forced it to grant a constitution; lems. They are more objective and less emo The letter I received included the fol and World War I , which caused it to abdicate. tional. Their whole temper ls more liberal lowing: These historic lessons have not lost on the th1n that of the rest of the Soviet elite I wish to express my thanks to you for the Soviet Union and in large measure account Their emergence 1s undoubtedly a healthy anti-affirmative action amendment intro for the·prudence which its rulers have always phenomenon, good for Russia and the rest of the world. duced by you to the Labor-HEW bill. I wish shown in the face of firm resistance by other you would continue to fight the affirmative powers. In other respects, the development of action program that has gone beyond the The same factor explains the haste with highly technical warfare has had a intent of the program . .. . and may you con which the Soviet elite exploits any opportu very deleterious effect on the prospects of tinue to fight to restore the incentive of the nity abroad where serious opposition seems peace. If it is true. as argred above, that individuals that are qualified. unlikely. Guided more by the prospect of the principal deterrent to a recklessly ag success than by any consideration of "na gressive Soviet foreign policy is the unreli My reply follows: tional interest," Russian expansion follows no ability of the Soviet popu lation. t hen clearly Thank you for your letter regarding affir discernible pattern. The whole concept 01· any development which frees the regime from mative action. "national interest," in the sem:e in which the dependence on its population reduces the You should be aware, however, that while term ls used in the West, ls alto?;ether alien effectiveness of the deterrent. I am a strong opponent of federally enforced to the Russian mind. Most writings on the The more mechanized warfare becomec:: quotas, I am also a supporter of affirmative subject from the pens of foreigners who seek the briefer and more devaSitating war tends action. I am deeply committed to the civil to locate behind Russian foreign policy pat to become, the less the Soviet elite needs to rights cause and believe strongly in equal terns of a kind they are familiar with in their ma,ke allowance for the spirit of its popu opportunity for all. own countries. In Russian literature, pre lation, the less it is afraid of war. The scien Quotas are discriminatory by definition revolutionary and Soviet, hardly anything is tific-technical intelligentsia. of course, gains and their enforcement by the federal govern said on the matter. As for Communist theory, in status under these conditions; but its ment destroys the concept of merit. Men and it too provides no guidelines for the conduct actual influence on government policy in women must be judged on their abilities not September 7, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28479 on the color of their skin. The federal gov If we refer to history, we would see the thereafter. Today, all the citizens hear, ernment has used quotas as a convenience next group to suffer would be the Jewish rather than seeking new, more imaginative read, or see are the Government's views. ways to bring about increased oppoi:tunities community. In order to make a public The irony of th~ situation is that many for minorities and women. appeal, the dictat~rship would take one individuals who encourage the people of Certain institutions have had success with group and blame them for everything. this country to move toward an all-pow affirmative action, outreach programs that Because the Jewish people are smart, erful Federal welfare state will be the do not rely on quotas. Temple University is hard working, and -Prosperous, it is also first ones that the all-powerful Federal one such institution. Minority enrollment in a group that is widely envied. Hitler with Government will eliminate. As we know, Temple's law school has increased under Fascism showed how quickly a dictator when these governments took over in their affirmative action programs which re moved against the Jewish people. The tain the merit concept as an integral part of Germany, Russia, and China there were the admission process. same thing occurs with the Communists, between 10 and 40 million people killed. Cordially, so either type of dictatorship sees the Will you be one of the first in the blood ROBERT S. WALKER •• entire ,Jewish family threatened with an- bath? nihilation. ' Why does not the United States move To gain popular support brings on re again toward freedom of the individual? distribution of the wealth and giving the Why do we continue to centralize all the TOP 15 DISSIDENTS" masses something for nothing. That power in Washington? Why does the means all the business leaders, bankers Government spend so much and tax so and any landowners that have more heavY? Let us pray that America's lead HON. JAMES M. COLLINS than 200 acres must be shot. ers from coast to coast reestablish the OF TEXAS During the transition to a dictatorial United States of America as a land of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES state, the productivity standards drop, freedom and opportunity for all?• Thursday, September 7, 1978 providing less in the way of material goods. So then they kill all of the sick o Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, and infirmed. These people are not able the other day I had an interesting dis to produce and are only consuming, so THE TRAP cussion regarding who would be the first the cold-hearted but effective solution is dissidents to be eliminated. Here are the to eliminate them. HON. CLARENCE D. LONG 15 groups listed in the order of priority: Italy used the black community as a (1) Preachers, (2) Military Leaders, (3) target. The blacks have been oppressed in OF MARYLAND College Professors, (4) Writers, (5) News IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES paper Staffs, (6) Politicians, (7) Jewish Com history. Dictatorships always concentrate munities, (8) Business Leaders, (9) Bankers, on minorities. Thursday, September 7, 1978 (10) Land Owners, (11) Sick and Infirmed, Then we round out the group of the • Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, (12) Black Communities, (13) School Ad top 15 with the school administrators. the preservation and protection of wild ministrators, ( 14) Policemen and Firemen, policemen, firemen, and lawyers. School (15) Lawyers. life and the environment have always administrators would probably be elimi been of major concern to me. I have The way the subject came up was the nated within the first 2 weeks, as dic sponsored several measures in Congress i:resent trend toward nationalization and tators must control the minds of the to insure the hurnane treatment of ani the way this Government is building more young generation in order to build a mals, such as the Endangered Species and more toward an all-powerful dicta Fascist or Communist state. Policemen Act and the Marine Mammal Protection torial Federal Government. If the Gov and firemen represent law and order Act, which are both public laws now. ernment continues this trend, which is and the dictatorship will choose their I was therefore particularly pleased to gaining in momentum, it is believed that. own. Lawyers would round out the group. note that my bill to curb use of the steel we might ,reach a complete nationalized Lawyers would be . killed because they jaw leg-hold trap, H.R. 3516, was com state within 10 years. simply talk too much, and are conten mended by the winner of this year's es We can look to the history of nation tious by the nature of their business. In say contest sponsored by Friends of Ani alized states to see how dictators estab a completely nationalized state, there mals, Inc. and the Committee for Human lish their authority. Some are national is no need for lawYers because the gov Legislation, Inc.-organizations which do ized according to the Communist system ernment is the law. outstanding work to combat the mis and others have used the Fascist system. The interesting part about preparing treatment of animals. The admirable Anytime you have an all-powerful Fed this list was the fact that so many of goal of this nationwide contest for col eral state, the first thing the ruling dic the groups, who will be the first to be lege students is to foster a new environ fator will do is murder all dissident killed, are the strongest advocates of mental ethic that extends considera groups. Obviously, the first group to be building up a complete federalized, all powerful, nationalized state. tion to all f orrns of life. murdered would be the preachers, rabbis I am pleased to share with my col and priests. There is no God in a Fascist Compassion and lack of common leagues excerpts of the prize-winning or Communist society because the state sense motivates many of our great leaders essay by Anne E. Reiper-University of is God. of public opinion. Constantly from the Texas, Dallas-entitled "The Trap." The next groups to be murdered would pulpit and from the press do you hear the The excerpts follow: be all the leaders of the military. This suggestion and pressure for the Govern THE TRAP would include not only the officers but ment to extend its bureaucracy to pro The notion of man's uniqueness in his also the sergeants, who are the backbone vide more regulations, collect more taxes, ability to reason, along with the Biblical con of the service. A dictatorship must have and extend more Government controls. cept of "dominion," combine to produce the absolute control of the military. As the Government now gets 42 cents conviction that man owns the earth and all Then on highest priority would be the out of every dollar of the gross national the nonhuman creatures that inhabit it, to independent-thinking college professors, product, the Government greedily seems use as he pleases. This attitude is the trap nearing the point where it wants to take which holds all animalkind in its jaws, help writers, and responsible news staffs. In a less and doomed, just as surely as the me dictatorship there is no tolerance for in it all. chanical device which is but one o! its dependent thinking. The government All of the leaders of free enterprise· manifestations. position is the only position. The writer would be the first to be killed. Because While the immediate purpose of this essay with the fiery pen is buried the first day. to operate an all-powerful, nationalized is to support legislation banning a particu Politicians would be the next group. government, there is no room for a dis- · larly inhumane device, the leg-hold trap, its ultimate aim is much more profound. There They would probably get about 90 per sident voice. In China, they have been is an urgent need to bring into public aware cent of the politicians, as there are prob very successful in having the men and ness the attitudes governing our actions to ably 10 percent that are fast enour?h on women march out together to the field ward the other species with whom we share their feet and lack political conviction to for 10 hours of good work. Six days a this planet. These attitudes must be con where they could assimilate into the new week they work and they like it. The ones sciously examined, evaluated in terms o! movement. who voiced objection were buried soon present-day knowledge, and either reaffirmed 28480 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1978 or repudiated. Considering the immediate The search for additional characteristics AFL-CIO PRESIDENT GEORGE plight of animalkind, it is imperative that that purportedly distinguish man from other MEANY'S POSITION ON DEFENSE we weigh the consequences of each course of animals becomes more frantic and more ab action open to us and follow our convictions surd. It also creates its own pitfalls: AND FOREIGN POLICY as to which choice best demonstrates our "(A) cademic writers tend to forget that "humanity." the high-flown disparities tbey sometimes HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI There is cause for optimism in the fact mention as of the essence of man are of that many of our policies toward nonhuman enormously little concern to most non OF ILLINOIS ' animals are increasingly becoming the sub academic men. If animals, on these criteria, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ject of public debate. Awareness of specific are less than human, so are men." Thursday, September 7, 1978 injustice can initiate the process whereby Unless new, more accurate distinctions are we begin to make valuative judgments re invented soon, we shall be forced to con e Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, one of garding the rationale behind our policies. sider the possib111ty that nonhumans might the most respected American voices on When an informed public begins to recognize be heir to the same natural rights claimed foreign affairs is that of AFL--CIO Presi this rationale as a hollow shell of habit, prej for humans. Since the subject of animal dent George Meany. He has devoted udice and greed, a more realistic view of rights has been so exhaustively explored by man's place in the hierarchy of life may be many writers, only the salient points need much of his career to fighting for free adopted. Nothing less than a major change be mentioned here: trade unionism and against efforts of in man's attitudes will suffice to free animal (1) If, indeed, humans do have rights, Communism to take over labor organiza kind from its hopeless situation. Only when the only irrefutable criterion for granting tions throughout the world. man ceases to look upon animals as useful those rights to all humans and only humans Therefore, I am especially pleased to objects and truly regards them as fellow is, as Peter Singer has so thoroughly dem call the Member's attention to Mr. living creatures, perhaps our only compan onstrated, outright speciesism. Meany's remarks on defense and foreign ions in the universe, will "the trap" be (2) It is claimed that humane laws al policy. President Victor Bussie of the destroyed. ready in existence were not passed for the Arrogant man finds it demeaning to ac Louisiana AFL-CIO delivered Mr. purpose of protecting animals' rights, that Meany's speech to the 60th annual con cept Darwin's reaffirmation of the unity of their sole purpose is to benefit humans on life, of our kinship with the beasts. In the ground that cruelty to animals corrupts vention of the American Legion in New stead, Darwin's concept of individual and morals. If, however (and as seems more Orleans on August 22. The speech fol species competition, "the survival of the likely), these laws were adopted and are lows: fittest," has been used as justification for obeyed for the benefit of animals: if we It gives me great pleasure on behalf of man's domination of all other life forms. believe the AFL- CIO, to extend greetings and best Two centuries earlier, Thomas Hobbes had that such treatment is something wishes to the delegates and guests attend described the state of nature as a "war of all we owe animals as their due, something that ing the American Legion's 60th Annual Con against all." The attitude generated from a can be claimed. for them, something the vention. synthesis of these two concepts seems to be withholding of which would be an injustice I wish it were possible for me to present that man, the fittest species, must subdue and a wrong, and not merely a cause of dam these greetings in person. Unfortunately, my all others in this war in order to survive. age, then it follows that we do ascribe rights schedule requires me to forego the delights We tend to forget that each species of to animals." of New Orleans, and I have therefore asked animal (including man) and plant existing Whatever the semantics involved, w:rether my good friend, Victor Bussie, to present today is already a winner in the eons-long these words for me. competition with others fighting for the or not animals have rights in the legal sense, it would seem that a more resuonsi'ble inter One of the reasons I had hoped to be able same ecological niche. This "forgetfulness" to appear before you is that I know that is symptomatic of our picking and choosing pretation of the term "dominion" implies that man does 1'ave oblil?ationc:; toward those among your ranks are many members of the among available information, incorporating AFL-CTO. This should come as no surprise. into our attitudes only those facts that do who are incapable of looking after their own interests, whether human or nonhuman. In After all, when the peace breaks down, it is not disrupt our comfortable habit patterns. the working people of this country wP,o are If we were truly rational beings, we would a sense, we have "dominion" over children and the mentally incompetent; but this does called upon to fight. employ our "reason" to integrate new So whatever differences we may have on knowledge, as it becomes available, into our. not grant us the license to inflict harm on them. As Clark points out, "Let it be that other policy matters, we share a common existing value system, and base our actions interest in maintaining peace. And, like the thereon. Instead, however, we have exercised animals have no rights-they can still be wronged.'' American Legion, the AFL-CIO believes that our rationality by "rationalizing" our cul the surest force for peace in this world is a turally determined attitudes and behavior. The leg-hold trap, one incarnation of the trap which has been the subject of this strong America, second to none. Instead of allowing habit to determine our I would like to take this opportunity to behavior, we should exercise our supposed essay, need hardly be described in detail. It is a device used to harvest the pelts of wild tell you something about some of the basic free will: decide which attitudes are based principles, some of the philosophy, that un in reality and choose to act in accordance animals. Traps are preferred over guns be with them. cause much less damage is inflicted on the derlie the AFL-CIO's outlook on world affairs. Until rationalization gives way to ration pelts; tbis ensures a higher market value. First of all, we start out with a vested self ality, animalkind will remain caught in the Except when traplines are laid near human interest, if you want to call it that, which trap from which the only release will be habitation, very few children and pets suffer we are not afraid to declare: We have an in extinction. , injury or death because of them. Since ani terest in the development of free trade In the process of rationalizing our prej mals cannot read, there is no way to warn unions throughout the world- not only on udices against nonhuman animals, many nontarget wildlife that all who are not beav the moral grounds that all workers should characteristics are asserted to be uniquely ers, or foxes, should avoid certain areas. have some of the good things in life that we human. Recent animal behavior and etho Should a nontarget animal be caught, the have won in America, but also on the eco logical studies, however, indicate that ani trapper faces the inconvenience of dispos nomic p-rounds that we don't want unfair mals may possess some of these characteris ing of its carcass and rebaitlng the trap. If competition from wor~ers earning 50 cents or tics in varying degrees. he has killed an eagle, or a member of some 75 cents an hour. We can't compete with Some traits that seem obviously shared by other endangered species, after all, this was those wages and support the American stand both humans and nonhumans are the abiUty not his intent. ard of living. to feel pain and fear, to grieve, play, dream, One could go on, but the message is al Now, in order to have unions, you have and even to act altruistically. These are ready clear. As long as trafficking in furs to have a climate in which human rights are evident to anyone who has ever shared his remains profitable, trappers will continue to respected. Without the freedom to assemble, home with a cat or a dog. use the most efficient device available. to associate. to speak, and to strike, workers Less obvious in animals are the abilities The Williams-Long bills (S. 818 and H.R. cannot establish or sustain effective trade to use language and to enga ~ e in abstract 3516) seek to negate this profitab111ty by union organizations. Human rights are the reasoning;. Many people consider the latter forbidding interstate and foreign commerce life blood of trade unionism. to be dependent on the former; but even in fur and leather from any state or country So, long before President Carter launched language is no longer considered strictly a in which the leg-hold trap is not banned. his human-rights campaign, the AFL-CIO human acouic:ition, especially since the suc Both bills further seek to prevent the use urged that the promotion of human rights cessful experiments in teaching American of such painful devices by discouraging their throughout the world be undertaken, not Sign Language to chimpanzees. manufacture, sale and use in the United simply as a moral crusade, but as an essen The fact that animals share these abili States. tial, integral part of our nation's foreign ties in varying degrees with humans, to True progress consists of many small steps policy. gether with the fact that many humans lack taken in the direction of a goal. Supporting Jn the final analysis, what should be the them, in the same measure, destroys their these bllls is one small step we can take to goal of our foreign policy, if not the reversal validity as absolute distinctions by which to ward our goal: respect for the worthiness of of the totalitarian tide and the expansion o! define "man." all creatures to share life on this earth.e the democratic world community? Take this September 7, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28481 away, and what have we left as a worthy ob been to stop the sale of the Sperry-Univac the position of the labor movement and, if ject of foreign policy? The protection of pri computer to TASS. it were, that position should be rejected by vate business investment abroad? Is that a Now, I am not against signing agreements the rest of society. To create weapons of mass goal that can justifiably claim th~ lives of with the Soviet Union. I am not against destruction in order to reduce unemployment workers and their sons? negotiating with the Soviet Union. But I can would be immoral-and a confession of So, as far as the American labor move tell you, as a trade unionist of more than bankruptcy by our society. · ment is concerned, the advancement of half a century's experience, that if our labor We also reject the notion that we should human rights and material well-being are leaders negotiated with employers the way not build bombers, submarines, and tanks not only the proper business of American our government has negotiated with the So in order to create jobs--or to make more foreign policy but should be its centerpiece. viets during the last 10 years, the rank and funds available for domestic social needs. It is our trump-card. file would throw us out. What good does it do to clear our slums and We were, therefore, delighted and encour When we sit down at the bargaining table, eliminate poverty if we then succumb to aged when candidate Jimmy Carter made we go tit-for-tat. We concede, the boss con totalitarian military power-or are incin human rights a theme of his Presidential cedes. We give, he gives. erated in a war brought on by a destruction campaign and then, after his election, made But that's not the way the U.S. has dealt of the balance of power? a number of dramatic pronouncements that with the Soviet Union. There has been no We are therefore op~osed to simplistic np focused world attention on human rights as reciprocity. We give, they take. proaches to defense spending. We are opposed an international issue and helped to restore Everything in my experience tells me that to just lopping off a certain percentage of meaning to American foreign policy. erosion of the principle of reciprocity, steady tr.e defense budget and transferring it into For those actions we have repeatedly ap accommodation to totalitarian power, if not the social sector without re~ard to the real plauded the President. We have defended him che:::ked w111 lead to war. Twice before in our dangers on the international scene. against those in both parties who have criti century appeasement led to war. If it hap So, as far as we are concerned, the only cized him for speaking out too loudly against pens again, it will be the last time. There legitimate questions to be asked about a Soviet violations of human rights, and we after the planet earth wm repose in the peace particular weapon or weapons system is: have noted that some of those critics would of the graveyard. do we need it? If we give it up, what will not apply the same "quiet diplomacy" to I believe we should tell the Soviet Union, the other side do? those of our a111es whose human-rights rec for starters, that we wm not be complicit in Now, I am not a military expert, but I do ords are wanting. their effort to create a dissident-free environ know something about collective bargaining, Of course, we believe the President's words ment for the 1980 Olympics. The AFL-CIO and I wonder: Could we not get iron-clad and his deeds should match. Otherwise the has called for moving the 1980 Olympics from guarantees from the Soviets about the secu language of human rights, which has in Moscow to a country which respects the rity of Western Europe in exchange for not spired millions, would turn sour and a great human rights of athletes and all other per constructing the neutron bomb? opportunity to shift the moral balance of sons. I hope the American Legion will join I could cite other examples but they all power toward the West would have been lost. us in this effort. can be quickly summed up: Is the conduct Some would prefer the President to scale I also believe that President Carter should of foreign and defense policies by "good ex down the rhetoric. We prefer to raise our inform the Soviets that, owing to their re ample" a sound policy? deeds to the level of our democratic commit peated and blatant violations of the human If we show a sincere interest in disarma ment-in other words, to do what we say. rights provisions of the Helsinki Final Act, ment by disarming unilaterally, wm the In recent months, the Soviet Union has we no longer feel bound to abide by the other Soviets do likewise? If we show restraint in cracked down mercilessly on those of its citi provisions-especially those economic, scien Africa, will they do likewise? If we change zens-like Orlov, Shcharansky, and Ginz tific, and trade provisions which are so dis our visa policies to allow Soviet agents dis burg-who have demanded that their nation proportionately beneficial to the Soviet guised as trade unionists to tour our coun live up to the human-rights provisions of the Union. try, will they let Andrei Sakharov come and agreement it signed in Helsinki. It is clear I believe ·the President should also make go as he pleases? that one of Mr. Brezhnev's objectives in this it clear to the Soviets that no SALT agree I doubt it. I doubt it will moderate Soviet crackdown is to get rid of the dissident move ment can be signed, whatever its terms, until behavior, reassure our allies, or protect our ment, at least in Moscow, before the 1980 we have good reason to trust the Soviet Union interests. Olympics. to live up to such an agreement-and no such I propose our foreign and defense policies good reason can exist in the face of continu not be based on "good example" but rather But it is also clear that the ja111ngs of Orlov, on reciprocity. Scharansky and Ginzburg-as well as the ing Soviet violations of Helsinki. incarceration of Vladimir Klebanov in a men I guess this goes by the name of "link I am convinced that the American people tal institution for trying to form a free work age"-and I'm for it. Linkage means that are tired of those in both political parties we apply our strengths-technological, eco who have rationalized defeat and retreat ers movement-these acts not only violate by the language of detente. I think they are the rights of the individuals involved: they nomic, and moral-to Soviet weaknesses. The alternative to linkage ls steady retreat before tired of those in both parties-and they are violate a solemn international agreement in both parties-who talk about human which the Soviet Union signed with the probing, advancing Soviet power. "Linkage" is, I think, Henry Kissinger's rights while accommodating militarily, diplo United States and 33 other countries in Hel matically, and politically to the system that sinki. term. Brezhnev talks about the "correlation of forces"-by which he means the balance tramples human rights. What has been the response of our govern Following World War II, Americans came ment to these repeated violations of Helsinki? of power in political, diplomatic, economic, and mllltary terms. He sees the "oorrelat'on together behind a bipartisan foreign policy Have we yet said that, if the Soviet Union consensus which helped to maintain the continues to violate the human-rights pro of forces" shifting to the advantage of the Soviet bloc. I fear he may be right. peace, to rebuild war-torn Europe, to con visions of Helsinki, we will not feel bound tain Communi•m, and to fac111tate the in to respect the other provisions? No. In ef If such a shift is taking place, it is based on one area of Soviet strength: its indisput dependence movements of colonial peoples. fect we have declared ourselves to be uni We cannot go back to the past. But we laterally bound by the Helsinki accords. ably growing mmtary strength. When Dr. Kissinger was Secretary of State, can put behind us the divisions, the self Have we yet said that, in view of the doubt, and the 111usions of the post-Vietnam Soviet government's refusal to live up to he was asked whether we had lost our mm tary superiority, and he said: What oan you era, and commit ourselves to a bipartisan the Helsinki agreement, we shall recon policy whose goals would be unchallenge sider the advisab111ty of entering into an do with m111tary superiority? Well, we may able m111tary strength, and a completely re other agreement with them-on SALT? No. not know what to do with it, but the Soviets ciprocal relationship with the totalitarian So far, we have said in effect that we are surely do. They know that military suuerior world. ity not only makes posc;ible military adven determined to sign a SALT agreement no Only on such a foundation can we hope matter what-and without regard to the tures of the kind the Cubans are carrying out for them in Africa, it also makes possible to champion the course of human rights issue of trust, of credib111ty. throughout the world.e Have we yet said that, we wm use all our politloal and diplomatic pressures wh'ch technological and economic levenge to press weaker countries cannot withstand. And who for Soviet compliance with Helsinki? No. can deny that for many small and weak After first considering cancelling the sale of countries, lacking the capacity for indeuend TRADE READJUSTMENT ASSIST oil dr111ing technology, the President decided ent action, the choice between East and West ANCE PROGRAMS . to go ahead with the sale-thereby giving will rest on their perce;>·tion of our relative the Soviets the indispensable tools to de military strength and our will to use it? HON. RONALD A. SARASIN velop their Siberian oil resources at the Therefore, when it comes to national de very time they are moving in on the Middle fense programs, the AFL-CIO has only one OF CONNECTICUT East oil that Europe and Japan desperately standard, one criterion. What do we need to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES need. do to maintain a favorable balance of power? Thursday, September 7, 1978 So far, our only response to the barbaric We reject the notion that bombers, sub trials of Soviet freedom fighters, aside from marines, and tanks should be bullt because • Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, tomor cancelling some official visits to Moscow, has that would create jobs. That has never been row the House of Representatives is 28482 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1978 scheduled to consider H.R. 11711, a bill In conclusion, I urge my colleagues In my opinion, there ls no reason that the which attempts to improve the trade re to support final passage of H.R. 11711 · dollar should be deprecated or depreciated. adjustment assistance programs. Al and to support the two correcting amend A rise in American exports would restore con though the measure had been scheduled ments.• fidence in our currency and such a rise ls to come before us on two previous occa well within our reach. sions, time constraints prohibited our Thanks to our continental economy, thEl United States ls capable of applying more consideration until after the August dis EMBARGOES ARE OF QUESTION resources to efficient production than any trict work period. Now, unfortunately, I ABLE VALUE nation or group of nations ln the world. It find that I will be unable to participate is for that reason that we are able to export in tomorrow's proceedings. 41 percent of the construction and surface However, I do have very strong feel HON. PAUL FINDLEY mining machinery that we make, and 25 ings about this legislation and the OF ILLINOIS percent of our aircraft, and 22 percent of amendments which will be considered, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our agricultural chemicals. and I would like to share my though ts In few fields have we shown the world Thursday, September 7, 1978 more how our economy makes us efficient with my colleagues. than in agriculture. We export 25 percent I strongly support the provisions of e Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, the dis turbing tendency of using embargoes of of our corn, 45 percent of our wheat, 57 H.R. 11711, for the extensions and revi percent of our milled rice and 60 percent of sions to the TRA program are absolutely U.S. exports to achieve political goals has our soybeans. necessary. There are several areas of persisted in American history, cropping These exports-$121 billion worth in 1977- concern to me, though, concerns that up intensely from time to time. Recent provide millions of Americans with jobs, gen focus on the extent of coverage provided years have seen such a time, with both erally good jobs at higher pay than in in under this measure. In particular, I am the executive and legislative branches too dustries where there ls little export activity. referring to section 112, dates of effective willing to restrict the export of American But we need more exports. Other industrial products in futile attempts to influence ized and agricultural nations are fiercely enactment. While the committee will competing in world markets. They want the seek to amend this section, the intent will the policies of foreign states. All such existing business and the new business. No remain the same. The sections dealing policies accomplish is a reduction of our where ls this competition more intense than with individual trade readjustment al exports and damage to our domestic in in the new markets of the so-called develop lowances will still apply only -to those dustries and balance of payments. An ing nations, particularly those in the Middle people who have been separated from analysis by Robert L. McNeill shows with East. employment 60 days after date of enact special clarity the fallacy of such trade Many trade experts think that these mar ment. restriction policies. My colleagues would kets are going to be critical to the future of do well to pay careful notice to the ar advanced industrialized countries like the This will not allow us to protect those United States. The New York Times reported workers who, at the date of enactment, ticle which fallows: on July 30 that: are in an approved training program and AMERICA NEEDS MORE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS "Some observers, including Lehman Broth receiving benefits. Under these circum (By Robert L. McNeill, Executive Vice Chair- ers chairman, Peter G. Peterson, a former stances, an individual's benefits could man, Emergency Committee for American Secretary of Commerce, see the engine for easily expire prior to the completion of Trade) growth of United States exports as the Third their training program, and in many During the Napoleonic Wars, Americans World countries, mark:ets that remain vir were outraged at the excesses of the ccmbat tually untapped. Increased trade with de cases, these workers will be farced to ants, England and France. In order to influ veloping nations would also relieve some of terminate their training programs pre ence their behavior, we imposed an embargo the tensions that would arise if American maturely. This is not the intent of the on foreign commerce. The result was a dis goods began flooding industrialized coun TRA program, and we should not take aster. New England almost broke away from tries' marketplaces." action which will harm those workers the young Federal Union; President Jefferson However, other experts like John W. Sewell affected by trade or jeopardize their op wisely gave up the attempt to use the pres of the Overseas Development Corporation portunities for future employment. sure of withholding American exports as a caution that "An increasingly competitive lever to influence the behavior of other world economy wlll require the United States Fortunately, we will have the oppor nations. to improve its export performance, overcome tunity to correct this oversight during I believe it ls time that we re-examined investment bottlenecks in export sectors, and tomorrow's consideration. Congressman some of the assumptions behind present-day put more resources into research and tech JIM JEFFORDS and I have drafted an policies that may be well motivated but are nological innovation." amendment, which he will offer, to in threatening to strangle American exports and That sounds reasonabl~. but are we doing sure the inclusion of these people under overseas earnings. it? I regret to say we seem to be doing just the new TRA provisions. We did so be Why? Because these policies are not work the opposite. In the case of the Middle East, cause this is an issue of equity for the ing. Just as they did in Jefferson's time, they we are limiting the ability of our exporters are hurting our exports and they are hurting to obtain orders by technical requirements in worker now in the program. While we Americans. But they are not doing anything legislation such as the anti-boycott provi cannot help those people whose benefits to change the habits of other nations. They sion~ in the Export Administration Act. have already expired and who have al are, in fact, nothing but a windfall to our The head of Deere & Company has in ready terminated their training pro competitors. The result is that the American formed the Congress that one such technical grams, we cannot disregard the plight dollar ls in a nosedive. It ls only because of requirement has prevented the company of those workers currently in programs the absence of better alternatives that for from bidding to supply a substantial num workers who sincerely believe that this eign nationals still hold on to their Ameri ber of tractors from its Dubuque, Iowa fac measure will help them. can dollars and accept new ones. tory. A successful bid could have resulted in In the first 25 years after World War II, the U.S. business worth $18 million and 20,000 I strongly urge my colleagues to ac United States earned billions of dollars in man days of work for Deere & Company's cept the Jeffords amendment tomorrv\V. foreign trade surpluses. Our post-war cumu United States employees. There is another amendment which I lative trade surplus-excluding foreign aid That ls just one self-inflicted set-back. We wish to call to the attention of my col shipments-was over $100 billion. We used also have legislation that makes it difficult leagues. Mr. CLEVELAND will introduce an that money wisely to build up lnvestmen·ts to engage legitimate agents in developing amendment that would reinstate Federal overseas that poured profits into the United countries. The result is our competitors are reimbursement to the State for unem States. taking away business. The purpose is well ployment compensation benefits paid to In 1976, sales from American-owned com intentloned-to prevent questionable pay panies located abroad amounted to $515 bil ments. Still, if American companies are so workers who are eligible for adjustment lion. If it weren't for the profits on those worried about a wrong interpretation of pay assistance under provisions of the Trade sales, the dollar would be in even deeper ing an agent that they avoid the use-the Act. A good part of the responsibility for trouble. traditional way of doing busineEs in many lost jobs lies with Federal trade policies, Today, the shoe is on the other foot. In countries-the business will go to companies and the Federal Government should as 1977, the United States had a trade deficit in Europe and Japan. sume the financial burden of their im of $27 billion and other countries are in Much of our export business is also being pact. My own State of Connecticut is a vesting that surplus here in the United held up by the restrictions on financing of good example of this serious problem. We States. This is not unwelcome. It helps main shipments to countries that do not meet have paid nearly $400,000 in unemploy tain an eauilibrium in international ac American standards on human rights or con counts. Stiil, it has caused the American cern for the environment. ment benefits under the Trade Act, and dollar to plummet in value and it serves to Again, the result is not to change the ways this amendment would ease a burden that make the world think that American strength of these countries, but to take away needed few States can afford. is waning. American jobs. According to the July 19, September 7, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28483 1978 Wall Street Journal, "The State De death rate has been a shortage of kin, com Victor Hugo: "When you are old, you feel partment is blocking an Export-Import pared with the large traditional human like a grandfather to all small children." e Bank loan to Argentina for 20 large turbines family. The "extended family" on the Jewish, and other equipment for a major hydro Chinese or Italian model has been over electric power project." The company who praised-as well as mutual support, it gen would supply this equipment, Allis Chalm erated pressures we now are unwilling to JULIA REED PALMER AND THE ers, has said that unless the Ex-Im Bank accept. Apart from the fact that one of AMERICAN READING COUNCIL relents, "We shall have no alternative but to numerous nonlib daughters could be drafted, inform the Minister of Economy (in Argen often to her lifelong hurt, to "look after" tina) that Allis Chalmers will undertake to older relatives, the great advantage of the HON. HENRY S. REUSS furnish the equipment from fac111ties in extended family in later life was less its size OF WISCONSIN other countries where financing will be avail than the cohabitation and intermixture of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES able." Gcod-bye to $268 piillion in exports. generations. With urban housing this was All of this makes no sense. Americans need bound to decline anyway. The surrogates for Thursday, September 7, 1978 such business. We can restore the dollar to generations sharing a house are the car and e Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, the July 17, prominence if we help our exporters, not the telephone, but these don't provide con hurt them. It wouldn't take that much help. stant interaction for the old with grand 1978, issue of Publisher's Weekly con Our economy could easily pump out the ad children, who become only occaslonal visi tained an informative article about the ditional goods that other countries need tors. The older dynamics of the three-gen work being done by Julia Reed Palmer, even more than enough to cover our deficit eration family have effectively disappeared. chairman of the American Reading in petroleum exports. That would balance Relatives, espe:::ially children, are people Council in New York. The council, under the books on the high side-where the on whom you are perfectly entitled to rely Mrs. Palmer's dedicated leadership, has United States ought to be. The results would for support of many kinds, but the folklore been working on innovative and success be beneficial to everyone. For every billion of independence has much that is valid in ful methods of improving literacy and dollars of exports produces tens of thou it, and children when adult aren't necessar sands of American jobs. C. Fred Bergsten, ily the people you most want to talk to. The reading skills, particularly for young Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for In real need of older people is for friends rather people in our inner cities. These methods ternational Affairs, recently said that "One than the relatives of earlier peasant-type can and should be expanded to all of out of every five jobs in this country now societies. Dr. Jacob Boronowski, the author our cities, and I want to share the article, produces for exports to other countries. One of The Ascent of Man, remarked that Amer by Frank G. Jennings, with my out of three dollars of corporate profit in this icans tend to be friendly, but friendless. In colleagues. country derives from international acti·;!tles fact, all ages seem to be in a social transi The article follows: of American firms." tion from relationship-based to friendship ARC: WORKING To WIN YOUNG READERS We could increase these percentages. I say based social bonding. we have to increase them. But to do so we The ideal outcome of this, envisaged by (By Frank G. Jennings) must be more practical and more realistic Tolstov, Thoreau, the early Christians and Since Julia Palmer founded the non about international trade. Let us review some the hippies, is the "all people are brothers profit American Reading Council three years of the practices that restrict our exports and and sisters" formulation. This, however, re ago, the membership has been energeti get rid of them and then let us look for new mains hot air unless some quite powerful cally promoting two sets of programs. The methods of delivering the goods to the rest charismatic interaction takes place. At pres first makes good books available, at cost, to of the world.e ent we lack the use of straightforward con parents and children. The ARC's elementary cern, which gets neutralized by "independ school, paperback bookstores are op-en to ence" as an ideal in America and by "pri parents and run by the students themselves, NATIONAL GRANDPARENTS' DAY vacy" as an ideal in Britain, and do not uni as a form of career education. The children's versally draw bonding from religion-the involvement in the project gives them a nearest approach ls through parareligious strong motivation to improve in reading and HON. RONALD A. SARASIN behaviors like humanistic psychology and mathematics. And the stores make inex the encounter group. At the same time, the pensive books accessible in an ongoing pro OF CONNECTICUT void left by kin is widely sensed, and prob gram. Where these stores exist, reading IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ably accounts for the appeal of "growth" scores go up; school library use and family Thursday, September 7, 1978 movements among middle adults, and even reading sessions increase dramatically. Ex the quite extensive reappearance of the Es perience has proved boys and girls who • Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, as rank kimo expedient of wife exchange, the aim browse and buy books-with their own ing member of the Human Services Sub of which is in fact to create surrogate kin, money-mak-e a commitment that goes be committee of the Select Committee on by one of the strongest types of primate yond that of a child who is given or loaned Aging, I have heard many witnesses tes bonding. a book by an adult. tify to the neglect, indeed, abuse, of our We cannot now predict how the children The Council's second program makes the country's senior citizens. America has of this transition period will age. They will same, good, inexpensive softcovers available certainly be more peer-dependent and less for sale to parents through book racks in not always been kind to its elderly, and kin-dependent, they may still go to encount day-care centers and nursery schools. Even we cannot pretend, by setting aside 1 er groups rather than to churches; ideally, parents in low-income areas seize the op day or 1 month, that we are adequately if society is by then age-blind, the active portunity to create a home library for them recognizing our elderly-our grandpar extrusion of each generation by the next will selves and their children. ents. I think it is fitting, nevertheless, have gone. In the meantime, grandparent Palmer's interest in creating the Council that we have established a Senior Cit hood is and will remain as basic a human stems from her long career as a teacher learning experience as is parenthood, both largely in poverty areas-and as chairman izens' Month and a National Grand of the successful Brooklyn Bookmobile, parents' Day to pay some small tribute for child and for grandparent. In all cultures good grandparentlng tends t.o limit pa.rent "Buttercup." She says that the idea of th-e to our elderly population. chlld overexposure, which is particularly on ARC, however, was suggested by Dr. John Nearly a third of Americans are now erous in our isolated small-family house Niemeyer, retired president of Bank Street choosing to remain single and some sug holds. Being an active grandparent ls one College; Dr. Nancy Larrick, reading specialist gest that even the family itself is well continuing responsib111ty of seniors which and author; John Franz, formerly head of on its way to becoming a thing of the they should hang on to, difficult as the insti the National Book Committee, and Lucille past. With the decline of the family as tution of serial polygamy may make this. Thomas, h-ead of the New York Library As Children in general like the company of l"oclatlon. ARC also has the support of two an important element of our society, we grandparents. They also like to hear about former U.S. Commis"ioners of Education are beginning to see our parents, grand the past, and telling them about the past Francis Keppel and Dr. Sidney Marland, as parents, and children grow farther and has a function, so don't confuse this with well as of the present commissioner, Dr. farther apart. Alex Comfort, in his book doting reminiscence. This ls how tradition Ernest Boyer. "A Good Age," touches on the decline of is passed on. Every wise young parent will The ARC manages a snecial proQ'ram for in intergenerational exchange, but is, final involve grandparents to the full. Even if ner cities, a bookmobile to be combined with you fear that your own parents will be over a Community Library Program, which will ly, supportive of maintaining the essen make the underut1llzed resources of li tial contact between grandparents and indulgent or oversevere to your children, re member that exposure to a different set of braries in the!'\e locations available to book grandchildren. I have included the sec child-rearing ways ls highly beneficial to mobile graduates. tion on "Relatives" from Mr. Comfort's children as a learning experience in the di The bookmobile operation has been most most important work: versity of people. Since few children who gratifying, attracting previous nonreaders RELATIVES don't live with them get overexposed to who now read as many as 16 books in 16 One consequence of contraception, of grandparents, comprehension between weeks. In addition, the program hired and changing family habits and a falling child grand-generations is often high. trained semi-literate teenagers, giving them 28484 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 7, 1978 basic education and job skills. Familiarity Federal employment. He has outlined his HISTORY OF THE SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST with the bookmobile also gave parents ed views in a statement in which he sup CHURCH IN SYRIA ucation and material for them to help their In 1947 the government gave the Seventh children to read more and appreciate books. port.5 the proposed Hanley amendment which will preserve veterans preference. day Adventists permission to worship and Plans for the Community Library Program to open schools. The permit was issued from will encompass the same features and add So that all Members will have the the Prime Minister's office. parent-education classes, after-school book benefit of Mr. Dorn's views on this issue, In 1951 a church was built in Bazak which and game clubs and other activities on mat there follows a copy of his statement of today is called Rauda, near Tartous. After one ters of local interest. Both programs will run August 3: year, a revolution occurred in Syria and the year-round and be extremely cost effective. VETERANS PREFERENCE church in Rauda was closed. (The bookmobile circulated books at ap Pastor Chafic Srour was told that he was proximately one-third the cost of the average William Jennings Bryan Dorn, former Chairman of the House Committee on Vet not free to worship or preach. He was asked public library.) to sign a. paper stating that he accepted the In Newark, N.J., the Public Library Board erans Affairs, said today he contacted mem bers of the South Carolina. Congressional declaratit>n given in 1947 as being invalid. of Trustees has voted to implement the Com Although the church in Rauda was closed munity Library Program at its Central Ward Delegation and others in Washington and urged them to push for passage of the Han in 1951, the Seventh-day Adventists contin branch, if ARC can get funding. ued meeting in the homes of the members. It is Palmer's belief that books should be ley Amendment to preserve veterans prefer ence. Three pastors led out in the worship services. made as available and attractive as drugs. Around 1955, some of the workers were put To start her program required money, and The proposed bill (H.R. 11280), scheduled into prison, but after being taken to court, money required an organization with purpose, for House action next week, Dorn said, would they were found not guilty. After 15 days legal status, a management and policy body erode veterans preference laws which have they were released. During these years, dif (trustees and advisors) and tax-exempt been fought for and established over a. 200 ferent permits to sell books, operate a cor status. year period. Any weakening of these laws respondence school, etc. were issued by the "We obtained a small grant from a charit now could be the entering wedge to abolish government. able foundation and started business," all veterans preference including VA hos In 1965 the Center in Damascus was Palmer says. The Council has prepared man pital, insurance, housing and GI education opened. In connection with the Center there uals on how to start and run a bookmobile programs and even benefits for widows, was a small church. Nobody stopped or even to serve poverty areas and how to set up orphans and dependants of veterans. questioned the members about worshiping ... and operate school bookstores, set up book The high unemployment rate for Vietnam they had freedom to assemble. However, in racks in day-care centers and nursery veterans, Dorn said, is already of grave 1970 six people were taken to prison and the schools, and established a routine for en national concern. This bill would discrimi building in Damascus was left vacant. couraging similar activities throughout the n::i.te against Vietnam veterans at a. time they The six people: Pastor Gabriel Katrib, Pas country. Moreover, the ARC has sent pro need special help. This bill could adversely tor Zaki Hennawi, Faris Dow, Adel Tayyar, posals for funding future inner-city opera affect 6 million Vietnam veterans and ter Fahrni Lewis, and Micha~l Tannous were held tions to a number of foundations and re minate benefits for 20 million World War II for 92 days and investigated and questioned quested congressional. legislation to fund the and Korean veterans. Unless the Hanley thoroughly so that everything was known Council's programs. They report some prog amendment is approved, Dorn continued, 6 about them. They were found not guilty. ress, with the encouragement of HEW and million Vietnam veterans, some 2.4 million After being freed they were told not to preach the White House. of whom served overseas in Vietnam, will as before until the government studied their The biggest disappointment to date, says lose their veterans preference by 1987. case and gave permission. Palmer "is that the publishing industry has This ls no time, Dorn said, to abandon Pastor Gabriel Katrib was moved to Leba yet to offer any tangible support, although the principal of equal benefits for equal non, but Pastor Zaki Hennawi stayed in some of the leaders and many of their assist service. Veterans who fought for their coun Syria. We knew that the building was frozen ants have expressed interest in some or all try in time of national emergency believe and we were not allowed to sell it. After a. of the aspects of the Council's work. In fact, this bill is a. calculated step to destroy vet short time it was occupied. one of the principal problems that arose in erans benefits. This is the first time, the Since then the Seventh-day Adventists obtaining legislative sur-port W"S the con former Congressman said, such legislation tried to ask permission for our members to stant question from Congress: 'if the Coun has been seriously proposed. The public worship, but have so far been unsuccessful.e cil is helping with reading, where are the sympathizes with the Vietnam veteran who publishers?'" fought so gallantly in a filthy, undeclared Palmer notes that the British Bookshop war 10,000 miles from home. Association's success with schoolchildren Too many people, Dorn said, forget too SOCIALIST WORKERS PARTY PRO- may serve the U.S. as a model. She reports a soon.e visit with Mrs. Clodagh Albrol'gh, whose Brit GRAM: INFILTRATE TRADE ish enterprise is called "Books for Your UNIONS, SUPPORT TERRORISM Children." Last year Mrs. Albrough sold SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH 1,600,000 children's paperbacks. "Imagine," IN SYRIA says Mrs. Palmer, "these books are sold only HON. LARRY McDONALD through school bookstores or through what OF GEORGIA she calls community booksellers. If her fig HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ures are correct-and John Donovan of our OF ILLINOIS Thursday, September 7, 1978 Children's Book Council says she has the highest credentials-her average school book IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES e Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the store is selling nearly 5000 books a year." Thursday, September 7, 1978 Socialist Workers Party