If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. (S-~dS-J INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL PROGRAMS HEARING BEFORE THE ,. ~ SUBOOj}lMITTEE ON i·· INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE XIXETY-FIFTH COXGRESS • SECOXD SESSIOX ON OVERSIGHT OF THE IXTERXATIOXAL XARCOTICS COXTROL PROGRA:lIS Prilltetl for tlIP use of tlJ(> C'OIJIlUittE'P 011 Foreign RelatiollS o &1M V 1995 ACQU!5tTiC~'\l5 V.S. GOVERNl\IENT PRINTING OFFICE 29-3610 WASHINGTON: 1978 COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS JOHN SPARKMAN, Alabama, Chairman FRANK CHURCH, Idaho CLIFFORD P. CASE, New Jersey CLAIBORNE PELL, Rhode Island JACOB K. JAVITS, New York GEORGE McGOVERN, South Dakota DICK CLARK, Iowa JAMES B. PEARSON. Kansas CHARLES H. PERCY, illinois JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware JOHN GLENN, Ohio ROBERT P. GRIFFIN. Michigan RICHARD STONE, Florida HOWARD H. BAKER, JR .• Tennessee PAUL S. SARBANES, Maryland MURIF.L HUMPHREY. Minnesota NORVILL JONES, Chief of Staff ABNER E. KENDRICK. Chief Clerk SUBCOMMITl'EE ON INTERNATIONAl, OPERATIONS GEORGE S. McGOVERN, South Dakota, Chairman CLAIBORNE PELL, Rhode Island CHARLES H. PERCY. TIlinois JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware HOWARD H. BAKER, JR., Tennessee Staff • John R. Ritch David Keaney Ill) 153251 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactl~ as rec:i~ed from t~e person or organization originating it. Points of view or oplnl?ns stat~d In this document are those of the authors and do not ~ecessanly r.epre",ent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this & material has been metfc D::main o. S. Senate/95th Congress to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permission of the .......owner. • CONTENTS Page Hearing day: May 9,1978 ............................................................................................................. 1 Statements by- Anaya, Hon. Toney, attorney genera~, l'1ew Mexico ....................................... .. 2 Anderson, William J., Deputy Director, General Government Division, General Accounting Office ............................................................................... 16 Bourne, Peter, Special Assistant to the President for Health Issues, The White House ........................................................................................................ .. 14 Dickerson, G. R., Deputy Commissioner, U.S. Customs Service, Department of the Treasury .................................................................................................. .. 18 Fink, William G., Assistant Administrator, Office of Intelligence, Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice ................................. .. 24 • Sava, Charles, Associate Commissioner for Enforcement, Immigration and Naturalization Service, Department of Justice ............................................. 23 Stroup, Keith, executive director, National Organization for the Reform of Marihuana Laws, Washington, D.C; accompanied by Peter H. Meyers, chief counsel, NORML; Eric Sirulnik, professor, George Washington University Law School ...................................................................................... 36 Williams, Richard, Assistant Director, Domestic Policy Staff, The White House ..................................................................................................................... 27 Insertions for the record: Prepared statement of William J. Anderson ..................................................... 17 Prepared statement of G. R. Dickerson ............................................................ .. 20 Prepared statement of Richard J. Williams ..................................................... 28 Additional information sUFPlied by Mr. Bourne ............................................. .. 34 Prepared statement and attachments of Mr. Stroup ...................................... 42 !lIII • INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL PROGRAMS-MEXICO TUESDAY, MAY 9, 1978 UNITED STATES SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, Washington, D.C. The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:30 p.m., in room 4221, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. George McGovern (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. Present: Senator McGovern. • Senator McGoVERN. One of the problems with afternoon hear­ ings is that we sometimes have to compete with Senate rollcalls. We are in the middle of a seriE!s. I have already voted on the first two, but there may be a third one shortly. If that happens, we will go until the middle of the rollcall, and then I will have to ask you to wait until I get back. OPENING STATEMENT This afternoon the Subcommittee on International Operations is holding an oversight hearing on the $40 million-per-year inter­ national narcotics control program. Today's hearing will focus on the flow of illicit drugs across the United States-Mexico border and the U.S. Government response and performance in border drug interdiction. In this connection, there have been a number of reports that Federal agencies responsible for law enforcement along the border operate almost independently, with little coordination and often duplicating each other's activities. In the judgment of'many observ­ ers, these separate yet similar lines of effort are diluting border coverage and control. If this is true, perhaps we can try to clean up our own acts at our own borders before we start criticizing coun­ tries like Mexico for their drug control shortcomings. Since the late 19th century, this country has invested a consider­ able amount of energy in the effort to prevent the nonmedical use of narcotics and other dangerous drugs. Beginning in 1870, with the imposition of a duty on the importation of opium, the Federal Government has assumed a progressively larger role in the at­ tempt to deal with this phenomenon. In our own time, and espe­ cially during the past decade, that role has expanded considerably, embracing a broad spectrum of activities, both at home and abroad. On the international level, we fund an assistance program to pro­ mote the antidrug activities of other nations. In addition, we have (1) ---------------------------------------- --- 2 carried our own law enforcement efforts overseas and have estab­ lished a network of Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) agents in key drug-producing foreign countries. WITNESSES This afternoon's hearing, in the form of a panel, will focus on the problem of the management of our own borders as that function relates to the flow of drugs into the United States. Following the panel, the subcommittee will hear from Keith Stroup, executive director, National Organization for the) Reform of Marihuana Laws, on the paraquat issue. The subcommittee is interested in hearing about our border nar­ cotics efforts. To get a balanced picture, we have sought the views of concerned State officials as well as those of the principal Federal agencies involved. I think in this respect we are fortunate in having with us today the attorney general of New Mexico, Mr. Toney Anaya, who has taken a deep interest in this issue and has provided strong and forceful leadership on this subject. We are also pleased to have with us Dr. Peter Bourne, Special Assistant to the President for Health Issues. From the Federal agencies, we have Mr. William Anderson, Deputy Director, General. Government Division, General Accounting Office; Mr. G. R. Dicker- son, Deputy Commissioner, Enforcement, Immigration and Natu­ ralization Services; and Mr. Gordon Fink, Assistant Administrator for the Office of Intelligence, Drug Enforcement Administration. Gentlemen, on behalf of myself and the subcommittee, we want to welcome you here this afternoon. In view of the fact that we have a number of 'witnesses to be heard, I suggest each one of you open with a brief statement and then we will save more time for the questions. We will begin with Mr. Anaya. STATEMENT OF HON. TONEY ANAYA, ATTORNEY GENERAL, NEW MEXICO Mr. ANAYA. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. I greatly appreciate the opportunity to appear before you today and present to you some of the activities the border States them­ selves have been involved in and why this issue is of great impor­ tance to us. I do have a prepared statement which I would respectfully submit in its entirety for the record, and would attempt to summa­ rize it. Senator MCGOVERN. All right, without objection, all of the pre­ pared statements will be printed in the record and each of you can summarize the highlights of your statement. Mr. ANAYA. 'l'hank you, Mr. Chairman. EXTEN'l' OF NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING PROBLEM Most of the remarks I make will pertain to New Mexico, but could easily apply to Arizona, Texas, and California, the four border States bordering Mexico. The problem of narcotics traffick­ ing is a big problem in New Mexico. It is, beyond a doubt, our single biggest crime problem in the State. It is compounded by the 3 fact that we do border Mexico, and the heavy traffic-we are a conduit, the State of New Mexico is a conduit for the narcotics trafficking from Mexico and other South American countries. In 1975, by way of emphasizing the extent to the problem, the latest DEA figures we have available show that 89 percent of the heroin reaching us came from poppies grown in Mexico. Of the marihuana coming to the United States, 75 percent originated in Mexico. A third of the