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of University California Berkeley Regional Oral History Office University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California Nicholas C. Petris DEAN OF THE CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE, 1958-1996 Introductions by Martin Huff and Paul Manolis Interviews Conducted by Gabrielle Morris 1993-1994 Copyright 1996 by the Regents of the University of California Since 1954 the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the West, and the Nation. Oral history is a method of collecting historical information through tape-recorded interviews between a narrator with firsthand knowledge of historically significant events and a well- informed interviewer, with the goal of preserving substantive additions to the historical record. The tape recording is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The corrected manuscript is indexed, bound with photographs and illustrative materials, and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and in other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ****** ****************************** All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between The Regents of the University of California and Nicholas C. Petris dated October 21, 1994. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. Requests for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the Regional Oral History Office, 486 Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley 94720, and should include identification of the specific passages to be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user. The legal agreement with Nicholas C. Petris requires that he be notified of the request and allowed thirty days in which to respond. It is recommended that this oral history be cited as follows: Nicholas C. Petris, "Dean of the California Legislature, 1959-1996," 1996, an oral history conducted in 1993 and 1994 by Gabrielle Morris, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1996. Copy no. Nicholas C. Petris, 1995 Cataloging Information Nicholas C. Petris (b. 1923) State Senator, attorney Dean of the California Legislature, 1959-1996, 1996, xiii, 337 pp. Greek American family life, political figures; Oakland constituents and issues; California Democratic party organization and campaigns, 1962-1986; Senator Petris 's political philosophy and principles; role in legislative organization and fiscal policy, tax reform, 1960-1994, capitol restoration, affordable housing, reapportionment, legal aid, judicial appointments, civil rights, health care, environmental protection, and other issues; University of California budgets, regents, admissions, research; references to Edmund G. Brown, Sr. and Jr., Jesse Unruh, George Deukmejian, Rose Bird, William Lockyer, other public figures of the period. With comments by Administrative Aide Alfreda Abbott. Additional aspects of Petris 's assembly and senate career discussed in 1988-89 interview under auspices of California State Archives. Introductions by Martin Huff, former executive director, California Franchise Tax Board, and Paul Manolis, former executive editor, Oakland Tribune. Interviewed 1993, 199A by Gabrielle Morris. Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. Underwritten by Friends of Senator Petris. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Regional Oral History Office wishes to express its thanks to the following individuals and organizations whose encouragement and support have made possible Senator Nick Petris ' s oral history. Alex G. Spanos Demetrios Agretelis Furtado, Jaspovice & Simons Patricia J. Aleck Virginia R. Furth Milton J. Alfier Stephen C. Gannon Arnold Anderson Panos J. and Irene Gianaras John C. Anderson, Jr. James C. Gianulias Nick V. and Athena Arvanitidis James and Charlene Hamilton John P. and Betty G. Austin Bonnie and Earl Hamlin Clifford and Dorothy Bachand Rita and Richard Hammer Nancy Bakar-Fredkin Robert J. Hannah Robert K. Barber Paul A. Heist Robert C. and June R. Batterman Alfred E. Heller Patricia M. Bauer Martin F. Helmke Albert and Pamela Bendich Leo B. and Florence Helzel Mary Bergan Kay Hickox Demetre and Dionsia Bertakis Sue Hone Better Energy and Environment Joseph C. Houghteling Foundation Mary T. Huddleston George A. Bezaitis, Sr. Anne and Martin Huff Robert L. Bostick Roger Huff S. Thomas and Joan Cleveland Robert L. Hughes Jeanette C. Close-Cibull Daisy Jerome William K. Coblentz Howard H. and Nancy M. Jewel William D. and Eveleen R. Corbett Eppie G. Johnson Robert A. Corrigan Douglas Jones, Jr. Robert G. Cox Dena C. Jordan Mr. and Mrs. Nicholas Delis, Jr. Jim and Pauline Jouthas Pearl Delis Denis and Evie Karas Elizabeth Dempsey Joseph and Janet Karesh M. Margaret DePriester Mary Karsant John P. Derdevanis Vannie T. Keightley John and Jill Donhoff Harlan and Esther Kessel Roderic Duncan John T. Knox Patricia Durbin-Heavey Sotiris and Matina Kolokotronis David J. Elefant James T. Koplos Robert J. Erickson Anna Kounias Mary Ellen Fine Mike J. Kutsuris Francise Fiorentino Helen L. and Bill Lambros Hugo Fisher Melvin B. and Joan F. Lane Celeste and Harry Ford Jeanne A. Lekas Joel Fort William F. and Ruth A. Levins Kenneth and Amelia Freeman Jonathan C. Lewis Stan Friedman Belle and Melvin Lipsett Victor G. Makras Winchell and Helen Smith George M. Marcus Milton and Calliope Stone George E. McDonald L.G. and Maria Sullivan Rene M. and Tillie Molho Raymond R. Sullivan Krisoula Natsues Lynn M. Suter Frank H. Ogawa John H. Sutter Lynn Orne Nancy Swadesh Connie Panagotacos Jacqueline Taber John Papadakis Peter Tamaras Anna and Sam Pappageorge Felice Tanenbaum Alan Parker Michael Tilles Ilya Pavalotsky Anna Toopeekoff Perata Re-election Committee Richard E. and Sally Tuttle Lloyd G. Perry Lloyd and Lassie Ulman Gus C. and Marie Petris Bill and Bob Valva Sharon and Ronald Plomgren John G. and Dorothea S. Vasil Gene S. Poschman John and Edna Vickerman John Racanelli Daniel Visnich Edmund and Gwendolyn Regalia Jerome R. Waldie Les Reid Stan and Andrea Washburn Ray Rinehart Marvin and Ilene Weinreb Dino Santrizos Westline Medical Management, Inc. Thomas N. and Sylvia H. Saunders Mary Wildavsky Kenneth C. and Joyce M. Scheidig Warren B. Wilson Stanley Sheinbaum Michael Winter Dwight J. and Harriet H. Simpson Joseph L. Wyatt, Jr. Nancy L. Sloss Gary T. and Vicky A. Yancey John K. Smith Angie Zigenis Joseph and Marie Smith TABLE OF CONTENTS--Nicholas C. Petris APPRECIATION FROM HIS ALMA MATER i INTRODUCTION--Legislative Service: 1959-1996, by Martin Huff iii INTRODUCTION- -a Greek-American Native Son, by Paul Manolis vii INTERVIEW HISTORY x BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION xiii I FAMILY HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 1 Greek Dancing and Festivals in California 1 Role of Church and School in Greece 6 Petrises Arrive in Idaho 11 Turkish Occupation of Greece, 1453-1912 14 II GREEK AMERICANS IN OAKLAND 18 Early Twentieth Century Arrivals; A Close-Knit Community 18 Continuing Concern for Politics and Government in Greece 22 Becoming American Citizens 23 Father's Work for the Southern Pacific Railroad 25 Teachers and Lawyers in the Family 27 III EDUCATION AND CAREER DECISIONS 30 Admission to Stanford Law School 30 Military Liaison to Greek Elections; Assignments from a Family Friend 32 Journalism's Loss 34 IV AIDE ALFREDA ABBOTT ON DISTRICT OFFICE ISSUES 36 Helping Constituents 36 Developing Low-Cost Housing 37 Working with State and Local Government 40 V MORE ON CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY TRADITIONS 42 The Class of 1923; Keeping a Journal 42 Establishing a Greek Orthodox Church 44 Teaching Greek Language and Culture 47 Solon Democratic Club; Remembering Senator Bill Knowland 50 VI RISE OF THE CALIFORNIA DEMOCRATIC PARTY 53 Council of Democratic Clubs 53 Campaigns of the Fifties: Helen Douglas, Jerry Voorhis 54 VII EXPERIENCES IN POSTWAR GREECE 57 Communist Influence 57 Allied Election Observer; Easter Traditions 59 Encounter with Ambassador Henry Grady 66 Drama School Dedication; Representing Governor Pat Brown and UC 68 Thoughts on Economic Aid 70 VIII MORE ON STRENGTHENING THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY IN THE 1950s 75 Alan Cranston 75 Seeking Control of the Legislature; Special Elections 76 Pat Brown's Program 78 Jesse Unruh and Assembly Leadership 80 Civil Rights Bills and African-American Legislators 81 Greek-American Fraternal Organizations 83 IX STATE CAPITOL RESTORATION, 1978-1983 84 Joint Rules Committee Supervision 84 Seismic and Highrise Considerations 86 Modern Conveniences vs. Maintaining Tradition 89 Remembering Governor Culbert Olson 93 X AFFORDABLE HOUSING, 1959-1994 95 Oakland Redevelopment Agency 95 Housing Legislation; Tenants' Rights 101 Oakland Housing Authority 103 Farm Worker Housing 105 Housing and Urban Affairs Committees 108 XI DAY-TO-DAY POLITICAL REALITIES 110 Thoughts on Gubernatorial Appointments