Projects, Publications, Meetings and Donors to the Academy

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, GLOBAL SECURITY AND AND TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

20 AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, AND THE PUBLIC GOOD

EDUCATION AND THE THE HUMANITIES, 17 DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE ARTS, AND CULTURE With Appreciation . . .

Academy projects, publications, and meetings are supported by gifts and grants from Members, friends, foundations, corporations, Affiliates, and other funding agencies. The Academy expresses its deep appreciation for this support and to the many Members who contribute to its work.

Published by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, September 2017 CONTENTS

From the President 3 Projects, Publications & Meetings SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY Overview 4 New Models for U.S. Science & Technology Policy 5 The Public Face of Science 7 The Alternative Energy Future 15 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Overview 18 New Dilemmas in Ethics, Technology, and War 19 The Global Nuclear Future 25 Civil Wars, Violence, and International Responses 28 Understanding the New Nuclear Age 31 EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE Overview 35 Commission on the Future of Undergraduate Education 36 The Lincoln Project: Excellence and Access in Public Higher Education 40 THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE Overview 43 Commission on Language Learning 44 The Humanities Indicators 48 Commission on the Arts 50 AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, AND THE PUBLIC GOOD Overview 53 Making Justice Accessible: Data Collection and Legal Services for Low-Income Americans 54

EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES 55 LOCAL PROGRAM COMMITTEES 69 DISCUSSION GROUPS 72 MEMBER EVENTS 74 AFFILIATES OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 88

Donors to the Academy 91 Academy Leadership 100

FROM THE PRESIDENT

n the spring of 1780, as American forces suffered a devastating loss in the Siege Iof Charleston, John Adams, James Bowdoin, and sixty other visionaries founded the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The Academy’s charter members pledged to “cultivate every art and science which may tend to advance the interest, honor, dignity, and happiness of a free, independent, and virtuous people.” Now, 237 years later, the American Academy, through its commitment to championing civil dialogue and promoting useful knowledge, continues to advance the interests of the nation and the world. The pages that follow describe the projects and publications that are the work of Acad- emy Members. Some, like “New Models for U.S. Science and Technology Policy, the Commission on Language Learning, and the Commission on the Future of Under- graduate Education, address issues important to research and higher education. Oth- ers, like New Dilemmas in Ethics, Technology, and War and The Public Face of Sci- ence, are projects with wider implications for public policy. The Public Face of Science Initiative, for instance, seeks to understand how trust, or mistrust, in science develops. The Academy’s Exploratory Fund invites Members to meet with their colleagues across disciplines and professions to discuss questions of common interest. Through the Exploratory Fund, Members have examined such topics as the poor record of providing low-income citizens with access to legal representation, the future of jazz, and the need to develop a new international norm to protect cultural heritage in conflict zones. Academy Members are more active than ever in the commissions, projects, and exploratory meetings described in this publication. And Members are taking responsibility for making the work of the Academy better known so that it can, as the founders imagined, advance the common good. The Academy organized 100 meetings of its Members, 50 of them in 24 cities beyond our Cambridge home base. Local Programs Committees have formed in 12 cities from New Haven to New York and Washington, D.C.; from Houston to St. Louis; and from San Diego to Los Angeles and Berkeley. We are living at a time when the public and policy-makers are looking for information they can trust and for venues that provide open and civil discourse–in search of a consensus on policies that advance the common good. The Academy, known for its independent, evidence-based research, has an important role to play. I invite Members to contact me if they would like to engage in the work described in the pages that follow or have other ideas they would like to pursue through the Academy. Science, Engineering, and Technology

cademy projects in Science, Engineering, and Technology seek to strength- Aen the capacity of science and engineering to improve the human condition. This goal has never been more important for the nation, or for the world. Global challenges increasingly require collaboration across disciplinary, professional, and national boundaries, while rapid advances in information processing and transmission raise new issues for both the management of scientific and technical information and for the ability of individuals and institutions to assimilate and act on new discoveries. Drawing on the broad expertise of its membership and outside experts, Academy studies analyze the impact of advances in science, engineering, and technology and develop policy recommendations that are made available to government, academia, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector. Activities focus on increasing public understanding of current research and technological change, and on helping society adapt effectively and make meaningful use of new scientific and technical knowledge. Areas of interest include U.S. productivity in science and engineering; public understanding of, and trust in, science, engineering, and medicine; and how the adoption of new technologies shapes, and is shaped by, societal val- ues and individual and institutional decision-making. More information about this program area is available on the Academy’s website at www.amacad.org/science.

4 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY

PROJECT NEW MODELS FOR U.S. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY POLICY In September 2014, the New Models for U.S. Science and Several initiatives have emerged in response to Restoring the Technology Policy commission issued its report, Restoring the Foundation. In June 2015, the Academy joined with a coalition Foundation: The Vital Role of Research in Preserving the American of organizations in issuing “Innovation: An American Imper- Dream. The report underscored the importance of federally ative,” a statement in support of several of the report’s key supported research, particularly basic research, that is critical recommendations. The leaders of nine large U.S. corporations for driving innovation and ensuring economic opportunities. signed the call to action, which urged Congress to enact pol- The report also called for long-term planning and sustainabil- icies and make investments to ensure that the United States ity for the nation’s research enterprise. remains the global innovation leader. Over five hundred organizations from all fifty states have endorsed the call to action. In today’s fast-paced, high-tech, knowledge-based economy, staying globally competitive requires innovation and rapid In October 2015, members of the Innovation Imperative integration of new knowledge and technologies that emerge coalition held a public symposium on Capitol Hill, at which from investments in research and development. The Restoring industry leaders discussed federal policies and investments the Foundation report and subsequent follow-up efforts urged a that would promote innovation, stimulate economic growth greater focus on the long-term sustainability of the U.S. research and prosperity, and ensure the country’s health and national enterprise and offered recommendations in three areas that will security. In January 2016, a bipartisan group of members from be critical for securing America’s leadership in science, engi- both houses of Congress sent a letter to their colleagues that neering, and technology in the twenty-first century: underscored the importance of several policy prescriptions set forth in the Restoring the Foundation report and reaffirmed by Secure America’s Leadership in Science and Engineering Re- the Innovation Imperative call to action. search–Especially Basic Research–by Providing Sustainable Fed- eral Investments. America is falling behind in innovation by In May 2016, Academy Member Jeannette M. Wing, formerly failing to make sustainable long-term investments needed Corporate Vice President at Microsoft Research, delivered to remain the global leader in industry and commerce. testimony on Restoring the Foundation before the Senate Com- Ensure that the American People Receive the Maximum Benefit mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation to fur- from Federal Investments in Research. Many current policies ther elevate the profile of the report’s recommendations for and practices in government, industry, and universities enhancing the U.S. research enterprise. Legislation addressing have become overly burdensome and diminish the produc- several of the report’s recommendations, including affirming tivity of the research system. the value of peer review and reducing administrative burdens on researchers, was passed by the U.S. Congress in December Regain America’s Standing as an Innovation Leader by Establish- 2016 and signed into law by President Barack Obama in Janu- ing a More Robust National Government-University-Industry Re- ary 2017. One other recommendation, to strengthen and make search Partnership. The United States is in need of a new kind permanent the r&d tax credit for businesses, was passed by of research partnership that includes government (federal Congress in December 2015. and state), universities (public and private), and industry, as well as philanthropy and private foundations, in which each sector supports the nation’s science and technology research enterprise.

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 5 SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY

NEW MODELS FOR U.S. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY POLICY, continued

Project Chairs Mark C. Fishman Richard A. Meserve Project Advisors Harvard University; Covington & Burling LLP; Norman R. Augustine John C. Crowley formerly, Novartis Institutes for formerly, Carnegie Institution for Lockheed Martin Corporation, ret. Charlottesville, VA BioMedical Research Science Neal Lane Kirstin Matthews Sylvester James Gates, Jr. C. D. Mote, Jr. Rice University Rice University University of Maryland National Academy of Engineering; University of Maryland Project Members Bart Gordon Project Staff K&L Gates; formerly, U.S. House Venkatesh Narayanamurti Nancy C. Andrews of Representatives Harvard University John Randell Duke University School of Shalin Jyotishi Medicine M.R.C. Greenwood Maxine L. Savitz University of Hawaii System, ret. Honeywell Inc., ret. Dorothy Koveal John E. Bryson formerly, U.S. Department of John L. Hennessy Robert F. Sproull Alison Leaf Commerce; formerly, Edison Stanford University University of Massachusetts International Amherst; formerly, Oracle Keerthi Shetty Charles O. Holliday, Jr. Corporation Thomas R. Cech Royal Dutch Shell; Funders University of Colorado Boulder; formerly, Bank of America; Subra Suresh formerly, Howard Hughes formerly, E. I. du Pont de Carnegie Mellon University Louise Henry Bryson and Medical Institute Nemours and Company John E. Bryson Shirley M. Tilghman Steven Chu Peter S. Kim Princeton University John D. and Catherine T. Stanford University; formerly, Stanford University; formerly, MacArthur Foundation Jeannette M. Wing U.S. Department of Energy Merck Research Laboratories Columbia University; Gordon and Betty Moore Jared Cohon Dana Mead formerly, Microsoft Research Foundation Carnegie Mellon University MIT Corporation Elias Zerhouni Simons Foundation James J. Duderstadt Sanofi Alfred P. Sloan Foundation University of Michigan

PROJECT PUBLICATION \\ NEW MODELS FOR U.S. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY POLICY

Restoring the Foundation: The Vital Role of Research in Preserving the American Dream (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2014)

6 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY

PROJECT THE PUBLIC FACE OF SCIENCE The Public Face of Science initiative engages a broad range of with nonscientific audiences. Additionally, building on experts in communication, law, humanities, the arts, journal- the Academy’s publication Science and the Media (2010), the ism, public affairs, and the physical, social, and life sciences. The project is organizing a series of discussions with science initiative is addressing various aspects of the complex and evolv- journalists in Boston and across the country to examine ing relationship between scientists and the public, including: the role of the media (including new outlets such as social, digital, and local media) in shaping the public’s perception 1) Trust and Perception: The project is studying how indi- of how scientists work, think, collaborate, and debate. vidual beliefs and scientific comprehension affect the perception of and trust in the scientific process, including: 3) Informing Policy and Action: To complement the activities described above, the Academy is undertaking a series How scientific discourse, disputes, and consensus are of short-term (12–18 month) studies examining how sci- portrayed in the media; entists are consulted during public decision-making pro- To what extent the public has confidence in the self- cesses. Examples include court decisions and responses to correcting nature of science; and natural disasters and disease outbreaks. How journalistic practices could be refined to better While this project does not directly address scientific literacy convey the incremental and iterative process of scien- in K-12 and adult education, it will inform such efforts by fos- tific research. tering a greater understanding of the public’s attitude toward science. Accordingly, throughout this initiative the Academy 2) Public and Media Engagement: The Academy is organiz- will seek opportunities to partner with radio and television ing conversations with members around the country to producers to create programming that conveys key findings examine how the public’s understanding of, and trust in, to public audiences. science has varied historically among scientific fields, and to encourage and equip members to engage more closely

Project Chairs Ellen Futter Venkatesh Narayanamurti Project Staff American Museum of Natural Harvard University Richard A. Meserve John Randell History Covington & Burling LLP; Nora Newcombe Shalin Jyotishi formerly, Carnegie Institution Sylvester James Gates, Jr. Temple University for Science University of Maryland; formerly, Erica Kimmerling Kenneth Prewitt President’s Council of Advisors on Geneva Overholser Columbia University Science and Technology Alison Leaf The Democracy Fund; formerly, Rebecca Rimel USC Annenberg School for Robert Hauser Keerthi Shetty Pew Charitable Trusts Communication and Journalism University of Wisconsin-Madison; American Philosophical Society Cristián Samper Funders Steering Group Members Wildlife Conservation Society Rush D. Holt, Jr. Gordon and Betty Moore Emilio Bizzi American Association for the Samuel Thier Foundation Massachusetts Institute of Advancement of Science Harvard Medical School; Rita Allen Foundation Technology Massachusetts General Hospital Kathleen Hall Jamieson Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Geoffrey Cowan University of Pennsylvania University of Southern California

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 7 SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ THE PUBLIC FACE OF SCIENCE The Evolving Public Face of Science: Roundtable Discussion with Knight Science Journalism Fellows and Nieman Fellows

September 25, 2016 American Academy Cambridge, MA

Featured speaker David Corcoran Robert McClure Meera Subramanian MIT Knight Science Journalism Knight Science Journalism Fellow Knight Science Journalism Fellow Geneva Overholser Program; Undark Democracy Fund; formerly, Laurie McDonough Fabio Turone USC Annenberg School for Tyler Dukes American Academy of Arts Knight Science Journalism Fellow Communication and Journalism Nieman Fellow and Sciences Bianca Vazquez Toness Jonathan F. Fanton Maura O’Connor Knight Science Journalism Fellow Participants American Academy of Arts Knight Science Journalism Fellow Heidi Vogt Aleszu Bajak and Sciences Rosalia Omungo Nieman Fellow Undark Chloe Hecketsweiler Knight Science Journalism Fellow Lauren Whaley Deborah Blum Knight Science Journalism Fellow Sonja Plesset Knight Science Journalism Fellow MIT Knight Science Journalism Shalin Jyotishi American Academy of Arts Program Mark Wolverton American Academy of Arts and Sciences Knight Science Journalism Fellow Lolly Bowean and Sciences John Randell Nieman Fellow Alison Leaf American Academy of Arts Ivan Carrillo American Academy of Arts and Sciences Knight Science Journalism Fellow and Sciences

Public Engagement Working Group

Spring 2017 American Academy Cambridge, MA

The Academy convened a Public Engagement Working Group The Academy’s Public Engagement Working Group provided in Spring 2017 under the auspices of the Public Face of Science a forum for a diverse group of participants from the Greater initiative. Boston area, including scientists, historians, and communication experts, to draw lessons from historical case studies that While the public has exhibited relatively stable trust in science could be applied to future efforts to develop public consensus over the past several decades, there exists a wide gap between on potentially controversial scientific developments. the views of scientists and the public on certain topics, including climate change, genetically modified organisms, and vac- Session 1: Introduction and Case Study Selection – cine safety. Emerging scientific advancements, such as artificial February 23, 2017 intelligence and genetic engineering in humans, bring the risk The first session introduced the Working Group, clarified its of additional misalignments in the views of scientists and non- purpose and goals, and finalized the selection of the case studies. scientists, which will likely complicate the development of public policies and ethical guidelines related to these advances.

8 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY

PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP, continued

Sessions 2–4: An Examination of Three Case Studies Case Study 2: Genome Editing – April 13, 2017 For each of these three sessions, the Academy invited history Speakers: Sophia Roosth (Harvard University); Richard O. of science scholars and other experts to examine how gover- Hynes (Massachusetts Institute of Technology); and Kevin nance mechanisms, public engagement activities, and other Esvelt (mit Media Lab) social factors help shape public attitudes on contentious scientific topics. Case Study 3: Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Change – May 11, 2017 Case Study 1: Vaccines – March 30, 2017 Speakers: James Fleming (Colby College) and Philip Speakers: Barry Bloom (Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Duffy (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) Health; cochair of the American Academy report on Public Trust in Vaccines) and Seth Mnookin (Massachusetts Institute Session 5: Connecting to the Public – June 8, 2017 of Technology; cochair of the American Academy report on During the final session, participants refined the lessons Public Trust in Vaccines) learned from the case studies and developed ideas on how to build trust and engage the public in preparation for future innovations. Speakers: Jennifer Hochschild (Harvard Univer- sity) and David Kaiser (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

Chair Daniel Branton John F. Cogan, Jr. Jonathan F. Fanton Harvard University Pioneer Investment Management American Academy of Arts James Haber USA, Inc. and Sciences Brandeis University Janet Browne Harvard University Richard Cooper Jeffrey Flier Planning Group Harvard University Harvard Medical School Claude R. Canizares Janet Browne Massachusetts Institute of John Dowling Alfred L. Goldberg Harvard University Technology Harvard University Harvard Medical School Claude Canizares Richard E. Cavanagh Philip B. Duffy James Haber Massachusetts Institute of Harvard Kennedy School; Woods Hole Oceanographic Brandeis University Technology Fremont Group Institution Jennifer Hochschild James Haber Sallie Chisholm Peter T. Ellison Harvard University Brandeis University Massachusetts Institute of Harvard University Technology H. Robert Horvitz Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lisa Randall Harvard University

Participants Stephen D. Ansolabehere Harvard University Barry R. Bloom Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Emilio Bizzi Massachusetts Institute of Technology Jennifer Hochschild and James Haber

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 9 SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY

PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP, continued

H. Robert Horvitz Edward Kravitz Everett Mendelsohn Kay Schlozman Massachusetts Institute of Harvard Medical School Harvard University Boston College Technology Ronald Latanision Carol C. Nadelson Keerthi Shetty Ray S. Jackendoff Massachusetts Institute of Brigham and Women’s Hospital; American Academy of Arts Tufts University Technology; Exponent Failure Harvard Medical School and Sciences Analysis Associates Gish Jen Mary Lou Pardue Vivian Siegel Cambridge, MA Helen Lee Massachusetts Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology Technology Jerome Kagan Technology Harvard University David E. Pritchard Eugene B. Skolnikoff Robert LeVine Massachusetts Institute of Massachusetts Institute of David Kaiser Harvard Graduate School of Technology Technology Massachusetts Institute of Education Technology Lisa Randall Mriganka Sur Jay Lorsch Harvard University Massachusetts Institute of Martin Karplus Harvard Business School Technology Harvard University John Randell Charles Maier American Academy of Arts John A. Whitehead Jerome P. Kassirer Harvard University and Sciences Woods Hole Oceanographic Tufts University School of Institution Medicine Courtney McDermott Sophia Roosth American Academy of Arts Harvard University Carl Wunsch Evelyn Fox Keller and Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Virginia Sapiro Technology Technology Laurie McDonough Boston University American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Carl Wunsch, Lisa Randall, and Barry Bloom

10 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY

Encountering Science in Everyday Life: How Public Engagement with Science Shapes Long-Term Attitudes

June 1–2, 2017 American Academy Cambridge, MA

At this workshop, the participants discussed the existing data data could be collected to improve the understanding of pub- on public perceptions of science and how the public learns lic perceptions of science. The conclusions from the workshop about science. They also identified gaps in the scholarly will form the basis of a research agenda and be published in understanding of these issues, and discussed how additional forthcoming Academy reports.

Workshop Chairs John H. Falk Robert M. Hauser Shalin Jyotishi Institute for Learning Innovation; American Philosophical Society; American Academy of Arts Richard A. Meserve Oregon State University University of Wisconsin-Madison and Sciences Covington & Burling LLP; formerly, Carnegie Institution Jonathan F. Fanton Jennifer Hochschild Dan Kahan for Science American Academy of Arts Harvard University Yale University and Sciences Geneva Overholser Rush D. Holt Erica Kimmerling Democracy Fund; formerly, Cary Funk American Association for the American Academy of Arts USC Annenberg School for Pew Research Center Advancement of Science and Sciences Communication and Journalism Nettrice Gaskins Kaye Husbands Fealing Derek Koehler Boston Arts Academy Georgia Institute of Technology University of Waterloo Participants David Goldston Kathleen Hall Jamieson Silje Kristiansen Jamie Bell MIT Washington Office University of Pennsylvania Northeastern University Center for Advancement of Informal Science Education Emilio Bizzi Massachusetts Institute of Technology Kelly A. Borden Max Adler Planetarium Anne Bowser Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Dominique Brossard University of Wisconsin-Madison Elizabeth Good Christopherson Rita Allen Foundation John Durant Massachusetts Institute of Technology John Durant and Cara Santa Maria

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 11 SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY

ENCOUNTERING SCIENCE IN EVERYDAY LIFE, continued

Alison Leaf Eric Marshall Kenneth Prewitt Brooke Smith American Academy of Arts The Kavli Foundation Columbia University Independent Consultant; and Sciences formerly, COMPASS Venkatesh Narayanamurti John Randell Alan I. Leshner Harvard University American Academy of Arts Elizabeth Suhay American Association for the and Sciences American University Nora S. Newcombe Advancement of Science Temple University Anna Rothschild Samuel O. Thier Bruce Lewenstein NOVA; Gross Science Harvard Medical School; Matthew C. Nisbet Cornell University Massachusetts General Hospital Northeastern University Meisa Salaita Tiffany Lohwater Atlanta Science Festival Christopher Volpe Christine O’Connell American Association for the ScienceCounts Stony Brook University Cara Santa Maria Advancement of Science Freelance Science Communicator Doron Weber Karen Peterman Arthur Lupia Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Karen Peterman Consulting Co. Keerthi Shetty University of Michigan American Academy of Arts Tina Phillips Ezra Markowitz and Sciences Cornell Lab of Ornithology University of Massachusetts Amherst

Kathleen Hall Jamieson and Arthur Lupia

12 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY

PUBLIC FACE OF SCIENCE \\ SCIENCE DURING CRISIS

The American Academy is carrying out a two-year study on for science during crisis; a research agenda on the topic; and the coordination and deployment of interdisciplinary scien- recommendations for policy-makers at the federal, state, and tific teams during crisis response. On April 20 and 21, 2017, the local levels. The conclusions from the discussion will be pub- Academy convened a meeting of crisis advisors, emergency lished in a forthcoming Academy report. response managers, and scholars to develop best practices

Project Chairs Rita Colwell Gary Machlis University of Maryland; Clemson University; formerly, National Science Foundation formerly, U.S. National Park Service

PROJECT MEETING \\ SCIENCE DURING CRISIS

Workshop on Science During Crisis

April 20–21, 2017 American Academy Cambridge, MA

Participants Kristin Ludwig Alice Pennaz Keerthi Shetty U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey American Academy of Arts Deborah Brosnan and Sciences Deborah Brosnan & Associates Scott Lundgren Geoffrey Plumlee National Oceanic and U.S. Geological Survey Kate Starbird Arrietta Chakos Atmospheric Administration University of Washington Association of Bay Area John Randell Governments Nicole Lurie American Academy of Arts Gregory Symmes U.S. Department of Health and and Sciences National Academies of Sciences, Rita Colwell Human Services Engineering, and Medicine University of Maryland; formerly, Ted D. Serrant National Science Foundation Gary Machlis Houston Independent School Jessica M. Wyndham Clemson University; formerly, District; University of the West American Association for the A.J. Faas U.S. National Park Service Indies Advancement of Science San Jose State University Jonathan F. Fanton American Academy of Arts and Sciences Jeffrey Fox Independent Science Writer and Editor Shalin Jyotishi American Academy of Arts and Sciences Alison Leaf American Academy of Arts and Sciences Participants at the workshop on Science During Crisis

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 13 SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY

PUBLIC FACE OF SCIENCE \\ SCIENCE AND THE LEGAL SYSTEM

Scientific and technological advances have increased the through in-depth conversations with selected scientific and overlap between scientific learning and legal issues. Yet lead- legal experts. The goal is to learn what motivates scientists to ing scientists are often reluctant to become involved with participate or to refuse to participate in legal processes and to the legal system or have difficulties in communicating their recommend ways to improve the science-law relationship. knowledge. Despite the importance of the issue, there are few systematic studies of how scientists view the legal system The project will culminate in a Dædalus issue that will include and of their experiences as consultants to lawyers or judges essays by leading scientists and lawyers as well as an article or as expert witnesses. The American Academy is studying summarizing survey results from the Science and the Legal these issues through a survey of its scientist members and System study.

Project Chairs Shari Seidman Diamond Richard Lempert Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law; University of Michigan American Bar Foundation

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ SCIENCE AND THE LEGAL SYSTEM Science and the Legal System panel Dædalus Authors’ Conference on at the 2017 American Association for Science and the Legal System

the Advancement of Science Annual July 20–21, 2017 Meeting American Academy Cambridge, MA February 18, 2017 Hynes Convention Center Participants Susan Haack University of Miami Boston, MA Huda Akil University of Michigan Valerie P. Hans Three Academy members led a panel discussion on “When the Cornell Law School Legal System Seeks Help from Scientists: Successes and Fail- Robert Cook-Deegan ures,” about the survey results from the Science and the Legal Arizona State University Sheila Jasanoff Harvard Kennedy School System study. The session was part of the American Associa- Shari Seidman Diamond tion for the Advancement of Science’s 2017 Annual Meeting Northwestern University Jay Kadane and was featured in a news article published in Science Maga- Pritzker School of Law; Carnegie Mellon University American Bar Foundation zine as a part of its coverage of the conference. A full report of Richard Lempert the results will be presented in a forthcoming issue of Dædalus Rebecca Eisenberg University of Michigan on Science and the Legal System. University of Michigan Elizabeth Loftus Law School University of California, Irvine Speakers Elizabeth Loftus Nancy Gertner University of California, Irvine Anne-Marie Mazza Shari Seidman Diamond Harvard Law School; United National Academies of Sciences, Northwestern University States District Court for the Moderator Engineering, and Medicine Pritzker School of Law; District of Massachusetts, ret. American Bar Foundation Keerthi Shetty Jennifer L. Mnookin Linda Greenhouse American Academy of Arts University of California, Richard Lempert Yale Law School and Sciences Los Angeles School of Law University of Michigan

14 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY

DÆDALUS AUTHORS’ CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND THE LEGAL SYSTEM, continued

Jed Rakoff Michael Saks Patti Saris Project Staff United States District Court for Sandra Day O’Connor College of United States District Court for John Randell the Southern District of New York Law, Arizona State University the District of Massachusetts American Academy of Arts Daniel Rubinfeld Joseph Sanders and Sciences University of California, University of Houston Law Keerthi Shetty Berkeley School of Law; American Academy of Arts New York University and Sciences

PROJECT THE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FUTURE Extensive studies of energy and climate have concluded that Building on the 2011 Academy report Beyond Technology: the energy system in the United States must undergo a sub- Strengthening Energy Policy through Social Science and two special stantial transformation to address economic, environmental, issues of Dædalus on the Alternative Energy Future, the Acad- and geopolitical challenges. As this transformation takes place, emy is undertaking a research project to better understand both individuals and public- and private-sector institutions will the design attributes that contribute to policy durability and need to adapt to the profound societal change that will accom- flexibility. The study draws on lessons from the Clean Air Act pany the adoption of new energy technologies. The Alternative (caa), which is a prominent example of a policy that has per- Energy Future project is developing a cohesive understanding sisted for decades while adapting continuously to new scien- of the social and regulatory factors that can either inhibit or tific, technological, and economic information. facilitate transformative change in the U.S. energy system. The Academy study uses five specific components of the caa The project objectives are: 1) to demonstrate the value of social as case studies to facilitate identification of crucial design science in designing and adopting innovations in the physical attributes that promote or detract from both policy durability energy system; and 2) to create a research program aimed at and flexibility and positive program outcomes. The case stud- understanding how governing institutions and policy design ies and their conclusions will be published in a forthcoming must adapt to the demands of a changing energy infrastructure. book from Cambridge University Press.

Project Chairs Study Group Members Project Staff Funders Granger Morgan Joseph Aldy John Randell The Cynthia and George Mitchell Carnegie Mellon University Harvard University Foundation Shalin Jyotishi Maxine L. Savitz William Boyd National Science Foundation Alison Leaf Honeywell Inc., ret. University of Colorado Law New York State Energy Research School, Boulder and Development Authority STUDY GROUP ON Eric Patashnik (NYSERDA) DURABILITY AND Brown University ADAPTABILITY IN Skoll Global Threats Fund ENERGY POLICY Barry Rabe Alfred P. Sloan Foundation University of Michigan Study Group Chairs The Kresge Foundation Hannah Wiseman Dallas Burtraw Florida State University U.S. Department of Energy Resources for the Future College of Law Ann Carlson University of California, Los Angeles SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 15 SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS \\ THE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FUTURE

“The Alternative Energy Future,” vols. 1–2, Dædalus (Spring 2012 and Winter 2013)

Beyond Technology: Strengthening Energy Policy through Social Science (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2011)

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ THE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FUTURE

Durability and Adaptability in Energy Policy Study Group Meeting

July 21, 2016 Resources for the Future Washington, D.C.

At this meeting, study group members reviewed drafts of the chapters that will be published in a forthcoming edited volume from Cambridge University Press.

Participants Ann Carlson Kristen McCormack Barry Rabe University of California, Resources for the Future University of Michigan Joseph Aldy Los Angeles Harvard University Granger Morgan John Randell Judson Jaffe Carnegie Mellon University American Academy of Arts William Boyd U.S. Department of the Treasury and Sciences University of Colorado Law Eric Patashnik School, Boulder Barbara Kates-Garnick Brown University Philip Sharp Tufts University Resources for the Future Dallas Burtraw Vickie Patton Resources for the Future Alison Leaf Environmental Defense Fund Hannah Wiseman American Academy of Arts Florida State University and Sciences

16 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY

Durability and Adaptability in Energy Policy Workshop

March 3, 2017 Resources for the Future Washington, D.C.

Study group members presented the study conclusions at a scientists, and practicing lawyers. The feedback will be inte- workshop attended by forty scholars of energy and environ- grated into the five case studies prior to publication of the mental policy, including legal scholars, economists, political edited volume.

Participants Barbara Kates-Garnick Eric Patashnik Philip Sharp Tufts University Brown University Resources for the Future Joseph Aldy Harvard University Nat Keohane Vickie Patton William Shobe Environmental Defense Fund Environmental Defense Fund University of Virginia Phil Barnett Schiliro Barnett LLC; formerly, David Konisky Barry Rabe Robert Sussman U.S. House of Representatives Indiana University University of Michigan Georgetown Law Center; Yale School of Forestry and William Boyd Elizabeth Kopits John Randell Environmental Studies University of Colorado Law U.S. Environmental Protection American Academy of Arts School, Boulder Agency and Sciences Nancy Sutley Los Angeles Department of Water Dallas Burtraw Alan Krupnick Leigh Raymond and Power Resources for the Future Resources for the Future Purdue University Philip Wallach William W. Buzbee Alison Leaf Richard L. Revesz Brookings Institution Georgetown University American Academy of Arts New York University and Sciences Hannah Wiseman Sanya Carley Nathan Richardson Florida State University Indiana University Joshua Linn University of South Carolina Resources for the Future Kathryn Zyla Ann Carlson Maxine L. Savitz Georgetown Climate Center University of California, Benjamin Longstreth Honeywell Inc., ret. Los Angeles Natural Resources Defense Council Megan Ceronsky formerly, Executive Office of R. Shep Melnick the President Boston College Kyle Danish Evan Michelson Van Ness Feldman LLP Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Art Fraas Jonas Monast Resources for the Future University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Emily Hammond George Washington University Granger Morgan Carnegie Mellon University Kathryn Harrison University of British Columbia Brian Murray Duke University Energy Initiative Jeff Holmstead Bracewell LLP Gabriel Pacyniak Georgetown University Judson Jaffe Ann Carlson and Dallas Burtraw U.S. Department of the Treasury

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 17 Global Security and International Affairs

he Global Security and International Affairs program area draws on the ex- Tpertise of policy-makers, practitioners, and scholars to foster knowledge and inform innovative and more sustainable policies to address critical issues affecting a global community. To achieve this goal, our projects engage with pressing strategic, development, and moral questions that underpin relations among people, communities, and states worldwide. Each of our initiatives embraces a broad con- ception of security as the interaction among human, national, and global security imperatives. Our recommendations seek to move beyond the idea of security as the absence of war toward higher aspirations of collective peace, development, and justice. More information about this program area is available on the Academy’s website at www.amacad.org/global-security.

18 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

PROJECT NEW DILEMMAS IN ETHICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND WAR The project on New Dilemmas in Ethics, Technology, and The project addresses the growing gap between the scholar- War explores the ethical and moral issues created by changes ship on ethics and war and the policy-relevant work that can in military technology and the evolving character of warfare. influence government decisions and public debates. This study follows from the observation that although technological innovations and political developments are altering The project has produced two issues of Dædalus that, together the conventional way in which warfare is conducted, efforts with an extensive policy outreach strategy, are influencing and to align the international legal framework with this evolving shaping pertinent policy debates by identifying and dissemi- context have lagged behind. The ethical and legal fabric tra- nating key lessons learned and policy recommendations that ditionally provided by the International Law of Armed Con- might be of value to policy-makers and military strategists. flict has been eroded and undermined by the rise of non-state actors and the deployment of new military technology, such as drones and cyber weapons, which increasingly reduce the human role in combat operations.

Project Chair Tanisha Fazal Janne Nolan Funders University of Minnesota George Washington University Scott D. Sagan Humanity United Stanford University Jennifer Leaning Barry Posen John D. and Catherine T. Harvard University Massachusetts Institute of MacArthur Foundation Steering Committee Technology Gilman Louie The Rockefeller Foundation Norman R. Augustine Alsop Louie Partners; Nancy Sherman Lockheed Martin Corporation, ret. formerly, In-Q-Tel Georgetown University Lloyd Axworthy David Luban Michael Walzer University of Waterloo; formerly, Georgetown University Institute for Advanced Study Department of Foreign Affairs, Mark Martins Jennifer Welsh Trade, and Development, U.S. Army, Judge Advocate European University Institute Government of Canada General’s Corps James Ellis Project Staff Aryeh Neier Stanford University; Institute of Paris School of International Francesca Giovannini Nuclear Power Operations, ret.; Affairs of Sciences Po U.S. Navy, ret. Kathryn Moffat

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS \\ NEW DILEMMAS IN ETHICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND WAR

“Ethics, Technology & War,” Dædalus (Fall 2016)

“The Changing Rules of War,” Dædalus (Winter 2017)

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 19 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ NEW DILEMMAS IN ETHICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND WAR

A Collective Moral Awakening: Ethical Choices in War and Peace

November 16, 2016 Stanford University

On November 16, 2016, the New Dilemmas in Ethics, Tech- medical and humanitarian communities–navigate between nology, and War project hosted a Stated Meeting at Stanford national security imperatives and ethical and legal commit- University to explore how complex organizations–such as the ments. The panelists presented their contributions to the Fall military, government, international organizations, and the 2016 and Winter 2017 Dædalus volumes.

Participants Joseph H. Felter Stanford University Scott D. Sagan Stanford University Debra Satz Stanford University Paul Wise Stanford University

Scott Sagan, Joseph Felter, Paul Wise, and Debra Satz

Briefings in Brussels

November 28, 2016 Brussels, Belgium

On November 28, 2016, members of the New Dilemmas in briefing with nato, Project Chair Scott D. Sagan presented Ethics, Technology, and War project participated in a series of his Dædalus essay, “The Nuclear Necessity Principle: Mak- briefings in Brussels with representatives from the European ing U.S. Targeting Policy Conform with Ethics & the Laws of Commission’s European Group on Ethics in Science and New War,” coauthored with Jeffrey G. Lewis. Technologies and the International Crisis Group. During a

Participants Francesca Giovannini Kathryn Moffat Scott D. Sagan Esha Senchaudhuri American Academy of Arts American Academy of Arts Stanford University American Academy of Arts and Sciences and Sciences and Sciences

20 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Ethical Dilemmas in War

November 29, 2016 King’s College London London, United Kingdom

On November 29, 2016, the New Dilemmas in Ethics, Tech- on the ethical dilemmas presented by nuclear weapons, rules nology, and War project and the School of Security Studies at of engagement on the battlefield, and emerging technologies, King’s College London co-hosted a series of panel discussions including autonomous weapons.

Speakers Janina Dill Lawrence Freedman Alexander Leveringhaus London School of Economics; King’s College London University of Manchester Lloyd Axworthy University of Oxford University of Waterloo, formerly, Mervyn Frost Scott D. Sagan Department of Foreign Affairs, Karl Eikenberry King’s College London Stanford University Trade, and Development, Stanford University, James Gow Benjamin Valentino Government of Canada U.S. Army, ret. King’s College London Dartmouth College Bleddyn Bowen Jonathan F. Fanton Christopher Kinsey Heather Williams King’s College London American Academy of Arts King’s College London King’s College London and Sciences Wyn Bowen Patricia Lewis King’s College London Chatham House

James Gow, Mervyn Frost, Christopher Kinsey, Janina Dill, and Karl Eikenberry

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 21 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Revisiting Hiroshima in Iran: Real American Attitudes about Nuclear Weapons and Non-Combatant Immunity

November 30, 2016 Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom

On November 30, 2016, Scott D. Sagan spoke at the Univer- lic continues to consider nuclear weapons as purely defensive sity of Oxford’s Blavatnik School of Government about the weapons with a role to deter any potential attack from adver- New Dilemmas in Ethics, Technology, and War project. He saries, and that the public seems to be against any possible discussed new survey findings that suggest that the U.S. pub- active use of nuclear weapons in armed conflicts.

Speaker Scott D. Sagan Stanford University

Roundtables with the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations

February 22, 2017 and April 28, 2017 UN Headquarters New York, NY

On February 22 and April 28, 2017, the New Dilemmas in Eth- Dædalus essays and engaged in discussions with represen- ics, Technology, and War project organized a series of round- tatives from undpko and the un Department of Political tables with the un Department of Peacekeeping Operations Affairs about the ethical implications of some of the issues that (undpko). Project members discussed some of the policy un peace operations face in a context of changing warfare. implications for peacekeeping that were highlighted in their

ROUNDTABLE ON “POPULATIONS, PERCEPTIONS, POWER, AND PEACE OPERATIONS”

Participants Renata Dwan Clare Lockhart William Reno UN Department of Peacekeeping Institute for State Effectiveness Northwestern University Dirk Druet Operations UN Department of Political Kathryn Moffat Scott D. Sagan Affairs; formerly, UN Department Tanisha Fazal American Academy of Arts Stanford University of Peacekeeping Operations University of Minnesota and Sciences Jacob N. Shapiro Princeton University

ROUNDTABLE ON “INTELLIGENCE IN UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS”

Participants Michael C. Horowitz Kathryn Moffat University of Pennsylvania American Academy of Arts Joseph H. Felter and Sciences Stanford University Naomi Miyashita UN Department of Peacekeeping David P. Fidler Operations Indiana University Maurer School of Law

22 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Participants at the roundtable on “Populations, Perceptions, Power, and Peace Operations”; panelists (back, left to right): William Reno, Clare Lockhart, Jacob N. Shapiro, Tanisha Fazal, Scott D. Sagan, and Renata Dwan

2017 Distinguished Morton L. Mandel Annual Public Lecture Ethics and the Global War on Terror: Can Conflicts with Non-State Actors Be Fought in a Just Way?

March 8, 2017 American Academy Cambridge, MA

On March 8, 2017, the Academy hosted a panel discussion ter. The meeting was live-streamed and local discussions for about the ethical challenges posed by the long, intense, and members and other guests were held at The George Washing- enduring conflicts between states and non-state actors in ton University, Stanford University, the University of Notre the twenty-first century, of which isil’s declaration of an Dame, the United States Air Force Academy, and the United “Islamic caliphate” in Syria and Iraq is just the latest chap- States Military Academy at West Point.

Speakers and Jennifer Leaning Discussion Leaders Harvard University Gabriella Blum Janne Nolan Harvard University The George Washington University Paul Bolt U.S. Air Force Academy Graham Parsons U.S. Military Academy at Reuben Brigety II West Point The George Washington University; formerly, U.S. Allen S. Weiner Department of State Stanford University Neta Crawford Paul Wise Boston University Stanford University , , , and Tanisha Fazal Gabriella Blum Allen Weiner Jennifer Leaning University of Minnesota Neta Crawford

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 23 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

New Dilemmas in Ethics, Technology, and War Workshop

April 24, 2017 United States Air Force Academy Denver, CO

On April 24, 2017, the Academy co-hosted a workshop with the Colorado College, featured presentations by several project United States Air Force Academy (usafa) and the Center for contributors, breakout discussions, and a plenary meeting to International Security and Cooperation at Stanford Univer- identify new research questions. On the following day, Scott sity. The workshop, which included approximately 120 faculty Sagan and C. Robert Kehler gave a guest lecture and partici- and students from the usafa, the University of Denver, and pated in an additional roundtable discussion with cadets.

Participants David C. Hendrickson Linell Letendre Scott D. Sagan Colorado College U.S. Air Force Academy Stanford University Sannia Abdullah Sandia National Laboratories Michelle D. Johnson Michael Martindale Laura Ford Savarese U.S. Air Force Academy U.S. Air Force Academy Yale Law School Antonia Chayes Tufts University; formerly, C. Robert Kehler Chris Miller U.S. Air Force U.S. Air Force, ret. U.S. Air Force, ret.; U.S. Air Force Academy

Participants listen as C. Robert Kehler responds to comments from discussants Michael Martindale and Sannia Abdullah.

24 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

PROJECT THE GLOBAL NUCLEAR FUTURE The Global Nuclear Future (gnf) Initiative is an interdisci- The gnf Initiative has focused its work in three main areas: plinary and multinational project that is seeking to engage 1) developing regional networks of knowledge in Southeast nuclear newcomers in conversations on nuclear safety, secu- Asia and the Middle East that could assist nuclear new- rity, and nonproliferation. comers and nuclear aspirant countries in developing a safe, secure, and proliferation-resistant program; As an increasing number of countries today explores the possibility of establishing nuclear power plants to meet the 2) identifying the best strategies and policies to manage the mounting energy needs of a growing population, it is impor nuclear fuel cycle, including the back-end of the nucle- tant for the nuclear policy community worldwide to assist ar fuel cycle and the transfer and governance of dual-use these countries in developing responsible nuclear programs technology; in accordance with international standards of regulation and 3) identifying possible strategies to minimize the risks of in- governance. The gnf project brings together diverse commu- sider threats within nuclear laboratories and power plants. nities, including leading experts from academia, government, nongovernmental organizations, and the nuclear industry, to Some of the project’s activities include convening nuclear foster dialogue and debate with and among nuclear newcomers experts and scholars, with the objective of promoting dialogue and encourage transparency and international cooperation. among regional players; hosting policy briefings and consul- tations with government officials and representatives of the nuclear industry; and commissioning papers and publications, often co-authored by regional experts, to enhance academic cooperation and nurture interstate intellectual exchanges.

Project Chairs Project Advisors William Potter Funders Middlebury Institute of Steven E. Miller Richard A. Meserve Carnegie Corporation of International Studies at Monterey Harvard Kennedy School Covington & Burling LLP; New York formerly, Carnegie Institution John W. Rowe Robert Rosner Flora Family Foundation for Science Exelon Corporation, ret. University of Chicago The William and Flora Hewlett Sam Nunn George P. Shultz Foundation Senior Advisor Nuclear Threat Initiative Stanford University The Kavli Foundation Scott D. Sagan George Perkovich Project Staff Stanford University Carnegie Endowment for John D. and Catherine T. International Peace Francesca Giovannini MacArthur Foundation William J. Perry Kathryn Moffat Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Stanford University

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 25 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS \\ THE GLOBAL NUCLEAR FUTURE

Multinational Storage of A Worst Practices Guide to Challenges to the NPT Review Spent Nuclear Fuel and Other Insider Threats: Lessons from Conference: Lessons from the High-Level Nuclear Waste: A Past Mistakes Past; Opportunities for the Roadmap for Moving Forward Matthew Bunn and Scott D. Future Robert D. Sloan (American Sagan (American Academy (confidential report, May Academy of Arts and of Arts and Sciences, 2014) 2010) Sciences, 2017) Lessons Learned from “Les- Nuclear Energy in the Middle Insider Threats sons Learned”: The Evolution East: Implications, Challenges, edited by Matthew Bunn of Nuclear Power Safety after Opportunities and Scott D. Sagan (Cornell Accidents and Near-Accidents (American Academy of Arts University Press, 2017) Edward D. Blandford and and Sciences, 2010) Michael M. May (American Governance of Dual-Use Tech- Academy of Arts and Multinational Approaches to nologies: Theory and Practice Sciences, 2012) the Nuclear Fuel Cycle edited by Elisa D. Harris Charles McCombie & (American Academy of Arts Nuclear Collisions: Discord, Thomas Isaacs, Noramly and Sciences, 2016) Reform & the Nuclear Non- Bin Muslim, Tariq Rauf, proliferation Regime Atsuyuki Suzuki, Frank von The Back-End of the Nuclear essay by Steven E. Miller, Hippel, and Ellen Tauscher Fuel Cycle: Establishing a Via- with responses by Wael (American Academy of Arts ble Roadmap for a Multilater- Al-Assad, Jayantha Dhana- and Sciences, 2010) al Interim Storage Facility pala, C. Raja Mohan, and Robert Rosner, Lenka Kollar, Ta Minh Tuan (American Shared Responsibilities for and James P. Malone (Amer- Academy of Arts and Nuclear Disarmament: ican Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2012) A Global Debate Sciences, 2015) essay by Scott D. Sagan, The Back-End of the Nuclear with responses by James M. Nuclear Power in Vietnam: Fuel Cycle: An Innovative Acton, Jayantha Dhanapala, International Responses and Storage Concept Mustafa Kibaroglu, Har- Future Prospects Stephen M. Goldberg, ald Müller, Yukio Satoh, Tanya Ogilvie-White (Amer- Robert Rosner, and James P. Mohamed I. Shaker, and ican Academy of Arts and Malone (American Academy Achilles Zaluar (American Sciences, 2014) of Arts and Sciences, 2012) Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2010) Nuclear Liability: A Key Game Changers for Component of the Public Policy Nuclear Energy “On the Global Nuclear Decision to Deploy Nuclear Kate Marvel and Michael Future,” vols. 1–2, Dædalus Energy in Southeast Asia May (American Academy of edited by Steven E. Miller Mohit Abraham (American Arts and Sciences, 2011) and Scott D. Sagan (Fall 2009 Academy of Arts and and Winter 2010) Sciences, 2014) Nuclear Reactors: Generation to Generation Stephen M. Goldberg and Robert Rosner (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2011)

26 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ THE GLOBAL NUCLEAR FUTURE

Insider Threats: A Worst Practices Guide to Preventing Insider Leaks, Attacks, Theft, and Sabotage

May 10, 2017 Center for Strategic and International Studies Washington, D.C.

On May 10, 2017, the Global Nuclear Future Initiative, in col- threat, and highlighted worst practices from these past mis- laboration with the Center for Strategic and International takes. Following the event, Professors Bunn and Sagan met Studies, hosted a book launch event for Insider Threats. Scott D. with representatives from the National Nuclear Security Sagan and Matthew Bunn outlined cognitive and organiza- Administration. tional biases that lead organizations to downplay an insider

Speakers Matthew Bunn Harvard University Rolf Mowatt-Larssen Harvard University Scott D. Sagan Stanford University Sharon Squassoni Center for Strategic and International Studies

Sharon Squassoni, Scott D. Sagan, Matthew Bunn, and Rolf Mowatt-Larssen

Briefings at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

May 15, 2017 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA

On May 15, 2017, Matthew Bunn and Scott D. Sagan presented earlier gnf Occasional Paper, A Worst Practices Guide to Insider key findings from their new bookInsider Threats to staff at Law- Threats: Lessons from Past Mistakes, as a training document. rence Livermore National Laboratory, which had adopted an

Speakers Matthew Bunn Scott D. Sagan Harvard University Stanford University

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 27 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Book Launch Event

May 16, 2017 Center for International Security and Cooperation Stanford University

On May 16, 2017, during an event at the Center for Interna- Insider Threats, produced as part of the Global Nuclear Future tional Security and Cooperation at Stanford University, Mat- Initiative and published by Cornell University Press. thew Bunn and Scott D. Sagan presented their new book,

Speakers Matthew Bunn Scott D. Sagan Harvard University Stanford University

PROJECT CIVIL WARS, VIOLENCE, AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES This project follows from the observation that the existing lished in two issues of Dædalus, examines why it is so difficult frameworks used by the United States to address civil wars and to end civil wars and state disorder and highlights the risks and states plagued with internal violence are insufficient and out- possible policy prescriptions. Project participants will travel dated, and therefore the responses are often ineffective. More- to Ethiopia, Sri Lanka, and several other strategically chosen over, the risks and threats associated with civil wars and state locations to discuss their findings with government leaders, disorder affect more than just the state in question; civil wars decision-makers, academics, heads of nongovernmental orga- often carry adverse consequences for regional stability and nizations, and journalists, among others. These discussions can and do affect the rich and developed nations of the world. will help shape a white paper that will be used to inform policy- The scholarship produced by this project, which will be pub- makers in Washington, D.C. and the international community.

Project Chairs Charles Call Sumit Ganguly Stathis Kalyvas American University Indiana University Yale University Karl Eikenberry Stanford University; Susanna Campbell Miguel García-Sánchez Nancy Lindborg U.S. Army, ret. American University Universidad de los Andes United States Institute of Peace Stephen D. Krasner Martha Crenshaw Richard Gowan Sarah Kenyon Lischer Stanford University Stanford University New York University Wake Forest University Lyse Doucet Sonja Grimm Clare Lockhart Project Members BBC News University of Konstanz Institute for State Effectiveness Michele Barry Tanisha Fazal Jean-Marie Guéhenno Aila M. Matanock Stanford University University of Minnesota International Crisis Group University of California, Berkeley Abdeta Dribssa Beyene James Fearon Joseph Hewitt Seyoum Mesfin Institute for Advanced Research, Stanford University United States Institute of Peace Institute for Advanced Research, Ethiopia Ethiopia Vanda Felbab-Brown Stephen Heydemann Stephen D. Biddle Brookings Institution Smith College Stewart Patrick Council on Foreign Relations; Council on Foreign Relations George Washington University Francis Fukuyama Bruce Jones Stanford University Brookings Institution Barry Posen Tanja A. Börzel Massachusetts Institute of Freie Universität Berlin Technology

28 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

CIVIL WARS, VIOLENCE, AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES, continued

William Reno Stephen J. Stedman Project Staff Funders Northwestern University Stanford University Francesca Giovannini Humanity United Thomas Risse Eric Stollenwerk Summers Hammel Smith Richardson Foundation Freie Universität Berlin Freie Universität Berlin Oak Foundation Hendrik Spruyt Paul H. Wise Northwestern University Stanford University

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS \\ CIVIL WARS, VIOLENCE, AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES

“Civil Wars & Global Disorder: Threats & “Ending Civil Wars: Constraints & Possibilities,” Dædalus Opportunities,” Dædalus (Fall 2017) (Winter 2018)

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ CIVIL WARS, VIOLENCE, AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES

Civil Wars, Violence, and International Responses Authors’ Workshop

November 2–4, 2016 American Academy Cambridge, MA

Project participants and other experts gathered at the House of the Academy to discuss draft essays for two forthcoming issues of Dædalus and explore project outreach strategies.

Participants Martha Crenshaw Sumit Ganguly Stathis N. Kalyvas Stanford University Indiana University Yale University Phyllis S. Bendell American Academy of Arts Lyse Doucet Miguel García Sánchez Stephen D. Krasner and Sciences BBC News Universidad de los Andes Stanford University Abdeta Beyene Karl Eikenberry Francesca Giovannini Nancy Lindborg Institute for Advance Research, Stanford University; American Academy of Arts United States Institute of Peace Addis Ababa, Ethiopia U.S. Army, ret. and Sciences Sarah Kenyon Lischer Stephen Biddle Jonathan F. Fanton Richard Gowan Wake Forest University George Washington University American Academy of Arts New York University Clare Lockhart and Sciences Charles T. Call Jean-Marie Guéhenno Institute for State Effectiveness American University Tanisha Fazal International Crisis Group Aila M. Matanock University of Minnesota Susanna P. Campbell Summers Hammel University of California, Berkeley American University James D. Fearon American Academy of Arts Heather Mawhiney Stanford University and Sciences Michael E. Capuano American Academy of Arts U.S. House of Representatives Vanda Felbab-Brown Steven Heydemann and Sciences Brookings Institution Smith College Alexa Courtney John Mulholland Frontier Design Group, LLC Francis Fukuyama Bruce Jones U.S. Army, ret. Stanford University Brookings Institution

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

CIVIL WARS, VIOLENCE, AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES AUTHORS' WORKSHOP, continued

Stewart Patrick E. Candace Putnam Stephen J. Stedman Peter Walton Council on Foreign Relations formerly, U.S. Department Stanford University American Academy of Arts of State and Sciences Anne W. Patterson Eric Stollenwerk formerly, U.S. Department William Reno Freie Universität Berlin Paul H. Wise of State Northwestern University Stanford University David Staples Barry Posen Hendrik Spruyt U.S. Department of State Belinda A. Yeomans Massachusetts Institute of Northwestern University Stanford University Chris Stone Technology Open Society Foundations

Participants at the authors’ workshop on Civil Wars, Violence, and International Responses

Academy President Jonathan Fanton and former Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs Anne Patterson

30 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Briefings in London on Civil Wars, Violence, and International Responses

November 28–29, 2016 London, United Kingdom

Ambassador Karl Eikenberry met with representatives of the to discuss the project on Civil Wars, Violence, and Interna- International Institute for Strategic Studies, Chatham House, tional Responses and its goals and to explore collaborative the Royal United Services Institute, and the British Academy outreach activities.

PROJECT UNDERSTANDING THE NEW NUCLEAR AGE Understanding the New Nuclear Age will examine the chal- Among the topics discussed in the papers are: 1) the pros- lenges and opportunities presented by the changing nuclear pects for future arms control deals between Russia and the age. The global nuclear order today is transforming along three United States; 2) the conditions that make the use of nuclear main dimensions: 1) The nuclear posture of several nuclear weapons increasingly plausible in today’s world; and 3) the weapons states has changed because of the possibility of the increased complexity of nuclear deterrence among multiple use of nuclear weapons in war fighting; 2) technological inno- nuclear weapons states. In the second phase, the Academy vations (in the space and cyber realm in particular, although will invite nuclear scholars from selected nuclear weapons not exclusively) are impacting existing nuclear arrangements states countries to comment on the commissioned papers. (including the extended deterrence architecture and strategic The papers and the commentaries will be published in three stability); and 3) the changes in the current global nuclear forthcoming Occasional Papers, which will be used to engage order affect the prospects for nuclear arms control in a multi with policy-makers in the United States. In the third phase, the polar world. project will publish a special issue of Dædalus on the changing nuclear order. In addition, the project will collaborate with In the first phase, the project is examining a new framework high schools and universities in the United States to develop for the contemporary nuclear age. A working group has dis- curricula on nuclear related topics to raise awareness on the cussed five commissioned papers on key questions related to enduring risks of nuclear weapons. the current role that nuclear weapons play in global security.

Project Chair Working Group Members Christopher Chyba Nicholas Miller Princeton University Brown University Robert Legvold James M. Acton Columbia University Carnegie Endowment for M. Taylor Fravel Steven Miller International Peace Massachusetts Institute of Harvard Kennedy School Project Advisers Technology Mark Bell Vipin Narang Steven Miller University of Minnesota Francis J. Gavin Massachusetts Institute of Harvard Kennedy School Massachusetts Institute of Technology Linton Brooks Technology Barry Posen Center for Strategic and Janne Nolan Massachusetts Institute of International Studies; formerly, Michael Krepon George Washington University Technology U.S. Department of Energy and Stimson Center George Perkovich U.S. National Nuclear Security Hans Kristensen Carnegie Endowment for Scott D. Sagan Administration Stanford University Federation of American Scientists International Peace Lord Browne of Ladyton Jessica Tuchman Mathews Steven Pifer Nina Tannenwald Nuclear Threat Initiative; Carnegie Endowment for Brookings Institution; formerly, Brown University formerly, U.K. Ministry of International Peace U.S. Department of State Defense

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 31 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

UNDERSTANDING THE NEW NUCLEAR AGE, continued

William Potter Scott D. Sagan Nina Tannenwald Project Staff James Martin Center for Stanford University Brown University Francesca Giovannini Nonproliferation Studies, Michael Swaine Jane Vaynman Middlebury Institute of Kathryn Moffat Carnegie Endowment for Temple University International Studies at Monterey International Peace Mira Rapp-Hooper Center for a New American Security

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ UNDERSTANDING THE NEW NUCLEAR AGE

Working Group Meeting and Public Screening of Command and Control: The Unknown Story of the Day Our Luck Almost Ran Out

September 18–19, 2016 American Academy Cambridge, MA

On September 18–19, 2016, the Working Group of the Under- ing opened with a public screening and discussion of the doc- standing the New Nuclear Age project discussed three papers umentary Command and Control: The Unknown Story of the Day commissioned for the project and began to develop an agenda Our Luck Almost Ran Out. for engagement with policy-makers and the public. The meet-

Participants Francis J. Gavin Steven Miller William Potter Massachusetts Institute of Harvard Kennedy School James Martin Center for James M. Acton Technology Nonproliferation Studies, Carnegie Endowment for Kathryn Moffat Middlebury Institute of International Peace Francesca Giovannini American Academy of Arts International Studies at Monterey American Academy of Arts and Sciences Linton Brooks and Sciences Mira Rapp-Hooper Center for Strategic and Vipin Narang Center for a New American International Studies; formerly, Summers Hammel Massachusetts Institute of Security U.S. Department of Energy and American Academy of Arts Technology U.S. National Nuclear Security and Sciences Michael Swaine Janne Nolan Administration Carnegie Endowment for Robert Legvold George Washington University International Peace Lord Browne of Ladyton Columbia University Reid Pauly Nuclear Threat Initiative; Nina Tannenwald Jessica Tuchman Mathews Massachusetts Institute of formerly, U.K. Ministry of Brown University Carnegie Endowment for Technology Defense International Peace Jonathan F. Fanton Nicholas Miller American Academy of Arts Brown University and Sciences

32 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

William Potter, Mira Rapp-Hooper, and Vipin Narang

James Acton, Nina Tannenwald, and Jessica Tuchman Mathews

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 33 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Understanding the New Nuclear Age Working Group Meeting

December 19–20, 2016 American Academy Cambridge, MA

On December 19–20, 2016, the Working Group of the Under- capabilities, such as cyber and hypersonic weapons, coupled standing the New Nuclear Age project discussed commis- with growing mistrust among nuclear weapons states, are sioned papers that investigate the changing relationships undermining the stability of the global nuclear order as it was among nuclear weapons states, and began to identify next originally conceived and leading dangerously to situations steps for the project, including a policy publication. The par- where the use of nuclear warheads might become a possibility. ticipants noted that the destabilizing effects of new military

Participants Jonathan F. Fanton Steven Miller Carl Robichaud American Academy of Arts Harvard Kennedy School Carnegie Corporation of James M. Acton and Sciences New York Carnegie Endowment for Kathryn Moffat International Peace Lawrence Freedman American Academy of Arts Michael Swaine King’s College London and Sciences Carnegie Endowment for Mark Bell International Peace University of Minnesota Francis J. Gavin Vipin Narang Massachusetts Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Nina Tannenwald Linton Brooks Technology Technology Brown University Center for Strategic and International Studies; formerly, Francesca Giovannini Janne Nolan Jane Vaynman U.S. Department of Energy and American Academy of Arts George Washington University Temple University U.S. National Nuclear Security and Sciences Steven Pifer Administration Nicholas Miller Brookings Institution, formerly, Christopher Chyba Brown University U.S. Department of State Princeton University

Janne Nolan, Nicholas Miller, and Francis J. Gavin Michael Swaine, Steven Pifer, and Jane Vaynman

34 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 Education and the Development of Knowledge

rojects in the Education and the Development of Knowledge program area P inform policy and practice in support of high-quality, lifetime educational opportunities for all Americans. The program area continues the Academy’s enduring focus on the vital role education and knowledge development play in our nation and in our world. From advancing equitable educational outcomes to leveraging new developments in the learning sciences and digital technologies to questioning how domestic and international scholarly work may be affected by advances in machine learning, the Education and the Development of Knowledge program area–through commissions, projects, convenings, and publications– draws upon scholars and practitioners from various fields and disciplines to explore the conditions that foster the creation, transfer, and preservation of knowledge in a global context. More information about this program area is available on the Academy’s website at www.amacad.org/education.

EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE 35 EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE

PROJECT COMMISSION ON THE FUTURE OF UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION Undergraduate education continues to be one of the most To address these topics and provide ideas for ensuring that important avenues of opportunity in American society. But individual Americans receive the education they need to the education landscape is changing rapidly: there are more thrive in the twenty-first century, the Academy established options for how and when Americans receive some form of the Commission on the Future of Undergraduate Education undergraduate education. New populations, for whom the with funding from Carnegie Corporation of New York. The traditional four-year degree was once an impossibility, can Commission–whose members include national leaders in now pursue undergraduate education in two-year, four-year, education, business, and government–is studying how well for-profit, and online institutions, according to schedules today’s students are served by the existing system and, more that fit their own lives. And technological advances offer new importantly, is identifying the challenges and opportunities approaches to student instruction and collaboration. At the that undergraduate education will encounter in the decades same time, rising costs are challenging the affordability of tra- ahead. The project’s final report and recommendations are ditional postsecondary degrees. being released in late fall 2017.

Commission Chairs Carl A. Cohn Jeremy Johnson Hilary Pennington California Collaborative for Andela Ford Foundation Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. Educational Excellence TIAA Sherry Lansing Beverly Daniel Tatum Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr. Sherry Lansing Foundation Spelman College Michael S. McPherson Purdue University formerly, Spencer Foundation Nicholas Lemann Shirley M. Tilghman John J. DeGioia Columbia University Graduate Princeton University Commission Members Georgetown University School of Journalism Michelle Weise Joseph E. Aoun Jonathan F. Fanton J. Michael Locke Southern New Hampshire Northeastern University American Academy of Arts formerly, Rasmussen, Inc. University and Sciences Deborah Loewenberg Ball Monica Lozano Project Staff University of Michigan Robert Hormats U.S. Hispanic Media; Kissinger Associates; formerly, La Opinión Francesca Purcell Sandy Baum U.S. Department of State Urban Institute Gail O. Mellow Eliza Berg Freeman A. Hrabowski III LaGuardia Community College Rebecca M. Blank University of Maryland, Diana Natalicio Funder University of Wisconsin-Madison Baltimore County University of Texas at El Paso Carnegie Corporation of John Seely Brown Jennifer L. Jennings New York formerly, Xerox PARC Research New York University

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS \\ COMMISSION ON THE FUTURE OF UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION

A Primer on the College Student Journey (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2016)

Undergraduate Financial Aid in the United States Judith Scott-Clayton, Columbia University (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017)

The Complex Universe of Alternative Postsecondary Credentials and Pathways Jessie Brown and Martin Kurzweil, Ithaka S+R (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017)

36 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ COMMISSION ON THE FUTURE OF UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION Congressional Visits in Washington, D.C.

September 13–14, 2016 October 3–4, 2016 March 30–31, 2017

Commission Cochair Michael McPherson and Director Fran- cesca Purcell met with members of the U.S. Congress and their key legislative advisors to discuss the work of the Commission.

Student and Faculty Discussion Groups

Director Francesca Purcell and Program Associate Eliza Berg spectives and discuss their concerns about the future of Amer- met with student and faculty groups to gather the groups’ per- ican undergraduate education.

September 15, 2016 February 6, 2017 April 18, 2017 April 25, 2017 Northeastern University University of Texas, El Paso Eastern Connecticut State Rasmussen College Boston, MA El Paso, TX University Chicago, IL Hosted by President Hosted by President Willimantic, CT Hosted by Senior Vice Joseph Aoun Diana Natalicio Hosted by President President of External Elsa Nuñez and College Relations September 20, 2016 April 11, 2017 Tawnie Cortez LaGuardia Community Babson College April 24, 2017 College Wellesley, MA University of Wisconsin- New York, NY Hosted by President Madison Hosted by President Kerry Healey Madison, WI Gail Mellow Hosted by Chancellor Rebecca Blank

Students at the University of Texas, El Paso with Commission project staff

EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE 37 EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE

Meetings with Academy Members and Affiliates

Commission members met with groups of Academy members to discuss the work of the Commission.

November 13, 2016 December 12, 2016 February 7, 2017 April 19, 2017 Los Angeles, CA New York, NY Austin, TX Cambridge, MA Hosted by Glenn Hutchins Hosted by Larry Faulkner (North Island; Silver Lake) (University of Texas at Austin)

Outreach Meetings with Higher Education Organizations

March 20, 2017 May 9–10, 2017 Boulder, CO Washington, D.C.

Commission Cochair Michael McPherson and Director Fran- Commission members met with representatives of several cesca Purcell met with representatives of several higher edu- national higher education organizations, including the Asso- cation organizations, including the State Higher Education ciation of American Universities, the Association of Public and Executive Officers, the National Center for Higher Education Land-grant Universities, the National Association of Indepen- Management Systems, and the Western Interstate Commis- dent Colleges and Universities, the American Association of sion for Higher Education. Community Colleges, the American Council on Education, and the American Association of State Colleges and Universities. June 13, 2017 Aspen Meadows, CO

Commission Chairs Michael S. McPherson and Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. spoke about the future of undergraduate education at the Forum for the Future of Higher Education.

Roundtable Discussions

March 21, 2017 March 29, 2017 Boulder, CO Washington, D.C.

Commission members met with educational technology Commission members met with experts on higher educa- experts, including David Figlio (Northwestern University), tion workforce partnerships, including Wes Bush (Northrop Charles Isbell (Georgia Institute of Technology), Stephen Grumman), Brian Fitzgerald (The Business-Higher Educa- Kosslyn (Minerva Schools at kgi), and Peter Smith (Univer- tion Forum), Dane Linn (Business Roundtable), and Stan sity of Maryland University College), about the role of tech- Litow (ibm), about ways for the business community to sup- nology and online programs in undergraduate education. port underserved students and specific examples of programs that could be scaled or replicated.

38 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE

Third Meeting of the Commission on the Future of Undergraduate Education

November 14, 2016 Los Angeles, CA

Commission members analyzed the compilation of drafts cre- role undergraduate education plays and will continue to play ated from months of small-group writing and focused confer- in the country’s economy and democracy. ence calls. Commissioners affirmed and discussed the crucial

Fourth and Final Commission meeting

June 7, 2017 New York, NY

Commission members reviewed and discussed a penultimate draft of the final report and recommendations.

Wes Bush, Dane Linn, Stan Litow, and Brian Fitzgerald

EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE 39 EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE

THE LINCOLN PROJECT: EXCELLENCE AND ACCESS IN PUBLIC PROJECT HIGHER EDUCATION The Academy established the Lincoln Project to study the The project has published five publications that provide an importance of public research universities, analyze economic overview of the current financial challenges as well as the sig- trends affecting their operation, and recommend new strat- nificant achievements of public research universities. egies to sustain and strengthen these critical institutions. In regional forums held around the country, the Lincoln Project On April 7, 2016, the project released its fifth and final pub- has reached out to 145 public research universities and brought lication, Public Research Universities: Recommitting to Lincoln’s together local leaders representing public higher education, Vision–An Educational Compact for the 21st Century. The final government, policy, business, and philanthropy to identify report provides recommendations for stabilizing and strength- common concerns and advance innovative initiatives. Some ening the nation’s public research universities. An Educational of the topics discussed at these forums include: Compact for the 21st Century recommends that public research universities pursue new revenue streams and cultivate part- How public universities can address financial challenges ners from across the private and public sectors. Most impor- while fulfilling their commitment to providing an accessi- tantly, the report formulates a new educational compact–a ble and affordable undergraduate education; call for state and federal governments, universities, businesses, How public universities can better measure and commu- and philanthropic organizations to come together in support nicate the benefits for all residents–in terms of quality of of America’s public research universities. life, cultural infrastructure, and direct economic benefits– of state investment in higher education; and In the past year, the Lincoln Project has hosted regional dia- logues and events around the country with leaders in higher What role the federal government, the business sector, and education and with policy-makers at the state, regional, and philanthropy should play in sustaining the excellence of federal levels to discuss the challenges and opportunities fac- America’s public research universities. ing public higher education.

Project Chairs Jonathan R. Cole Michael Hout Thomas Siebel Columbia University New York University C3; First Virtual Group Robert J. Birgeneau University of California, Berkeley Gray Davis Kay Bailey Hutchison Shirley M. Tilghman former Governor of California former United States Senator, Princeton University Mary Sue Coleman Texas Association of American J. Patrick Doyle Phyllis M. Wise Universities Domino’s Pizza, Inc. Jim Leach Colorado Longitudinal Study University of Iowa E. Gordon Gee Frank Yeary Project Advisors West Virginia University Earl Lewis CamberView Partners LLC; Lawrence S. Bacow The Andrew W. Mellon formerly, University of California, Matthew Goldstein Harvard Kennedy School Foundation Berkeley The City University of New York Gene D. Block Ann Marie Lipinski Pauline Yu Donald Graham University of California, Nieman Foundation for American Council of Learned Graham Holdings Company Los Angeles Journalism at Harvard Societies Carl Guardino Henry E. Brady George Miller Silicon Valley Leadership Group Project Staff University of California, Berkeley former United States Robert D. Haas Representative, California Eliza Berg Philip Bredesen Levi Strauss & Co. former Governor of Tennessee William Powers, Jr. John Tessitore Jim Hackett University of Texas at Austin Nancy Cantor Ford Smart Mobility, LLC Rutgers University–Newark John Rogers Ann Weaver Hart Ariel Investments John T. Casteen III University of Arizona University of Virginia

40 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE

THE LINCOLN PROJECT, continued

Funders Robert and Colleen Haas Thomas and Stacey Siebel Foundation Carnegie Corporation of The William and Flora Hewlett New York Foundation The Spencer Foundation

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS \\ THE LINCOLN PROJECT

Public Research Universities: Why They Matter Public Research Universities: Serving the Public Good (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2015) (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2016)

Public Research Universities: Changes in State Funding Public Research Universities: Recommitting to Lincoln’s Vision: (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2015) An Educational Compact for the 21st Century (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2016) Public Research Universities: Understanding the Financial Model (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2016)

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ THE LINCOLN PROJECT

July 28, 2016 August 23, 2016 Chapel Hill, NC Seattle, WA

Philip Bredesen (former Governor of Tennessee) presented Michael Hout (New York University) presented the findings the findings of the Lincoln Project at a board meeting at the of the Lincoln Project at the Annual Meeting of the American University of North Carolina. Sociological Association.

August 5, 2016 September 8, 2016 Sacramento, CA Berkeley, CA

Robert Birgeneau (University of California, Berkeley) dis- Robert Birgeneau (University of California, Berkeley) and Henry cussed the findings of the Lincoln Project with Sacramento Brady (University of California, Berkeley) discussed the findings Legislative Staff. of the Lincoln Project at a meeting hosted by the Center for Stud- ies in Higher Education at the University of California, Berkeley.

EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE 41 EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ THE LINCOLN PROJECT, continued

October 6, 2016 March 9–10, 2017 Cambridge, MA Des Moines and Iowa City, IA

Project meeting. Mary Sue Coleman (Association of American Universities), Phyllis Wise (Colorado Longitudinal Study), Jim Leach November 13, 2016 (University of Iowa), and Bruce Harreld (University of Iowa) Austin, TX participated in a public forum hosted by the University of Iowa. Lincoln Project members also participated in a roundta- Kay Bailey Hutchison (former United States Senator, Texas) ble discussion with state legislators, including Iowa Governor discussed the findings of the Lincoln Project at the Annual Meet- Terry Branstad. ing of the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities. April 25, 2017 December 14, 2016 Springfield, IL Madison, WI Lincoln Project members participated in a regional dialogue University of Wisconsin-Madison Chancellor Rebecca Blank with state legislators, hosted by the University of Illinois. hosted a regional dialogue about the Lincoln Project. May 2, 2017 January 22, 2017 Seattle, WA Naples, FL Robert Birgeneau (University of California, Berkeley), Dan- Robert Birgeneau (University of California, Berkeley), Mary iel Greenstein (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation), Chris- Sue Coleman (Association of American Universities), Earl tine Gregoire (former Washington State Governor), and Lewis (The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation), and George Kirk Schulz (Washington State University) participated in a Miller (former United States Representative, California) pre- regional dialogue hosted by the University of Washington. sented the findings of the Lincoln Project at the opening panel for the Association of Governing Boards’ 2017 Foundation Leadership Forum.

Robert Birgeneau presents at a Symposium on the Lincoln Project, hosted by the University of Washington.

42 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 The Humanities, Arts, and Culture

he American Academy was founded to promote the pursuit of knowledge T and the education of citizens in all fields of knowledge. Since 1780, the Acad- emy has advocated for the importance of the humanities, arts, and culture in Amer- ican society, and has called on both private citizens and the nation’s government to help foster advances in these areas. Today, the Academy conducts research and develops policy recommendations to advance the humanities in academic scholarship and in the public sector, to display the importance of the arts in society, and to enrich the nation’s cultural life. By bringing together scholars, artists, and leaders from both the public and private sectors, Academy programs in the Humanities, Arts, and Culture put practitioners and scholars in conversation with individuals from other disciplines, ensuring that the arts and humanities are valued in all areas of civic life. Projects in this area demonstrate the value of the arts, humanities, and culture to the nation’s security and prosperity, and call attention to the role played by work in these fields to enriching the health of communities and the daily lives of its citizens. More information about this program area is available on the Academy’s website at www.amacad.org/humanities-arts-culture.

THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE 43 THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE

PROJECT COMMISSION ON LANGUAGE LEARNING In 2014, a bipartisan group of members of Congress asked the America’s Languages: Investing in Language Education for the 21st American Academy of Arts and Sciences to undertake a new Century, offers concrete recommendations to improve access study of the nation’s language education needs. Four mem- to as many languages as possible, for people of every age, eth- bers of the United States Senate–Tammy Baldwin (D-Wis- nicity, and socioeconomic background. consin), Mark Kirk (R-Illinois), Orrin Hatch (R-Utah), and Brian Schatz (D-Hawaii)–and four members of the House of On February 28, 2017, the day of the public release of Ameri- Representatives–Rush Holt (D-New Jersey), Leonard Lance ca’s Languages, Representative David Price (D-North Carolina) (R-New Jersey), David Price (D-North Carolina), and Don introduced the World Language Advancement and Readiness Young (R-Alaska)–signed two letters requesting that the Act, a bill cosigned by Don Young (R-Alaska), Leonard Lance Academy provide answers to the following questions: (R-New Jersey), and thirteen of their colleagues. The act pro- poses three-year competitive grants to support local and state How does language learning influence economic growth, cul- school districts that want to establish, improve, or expand tural diplomacy, the productivity of future generations, and the innovative programs in world language learning. In addition, fulfillment of all Americans? What actions should the nation Representative Price organized a “Dear Colleague” letter, ulti- take to ensure excellence in all languages as well as international mately signed by sixty-five Members of Congress, which refer- education and research, including how we may more effectively ences America’s Languages in its defense of federal funding for use current resources to advance language attainment? Title VI education programs and Fulbright-Hays Fellowships. Senator Brian Schatz (D-Hawaii) organized a similar letter In response to this request, the Academy created the Commis- signed by twenty-three Senators. sion on Language Learning. The Commission’s final report,

Commission Chair Dan E. Davidson Nancy McEldowney Pauline Yu American Councils for Foreign Service Institute, American Council of Paul LeClerc International Education; U.S. Department of State Learned Societies Columbia Global Center-Paris, Bryn Mawr College Columbia University Philip Rubin Project Staff Nicholas B. Dirks Haskins Laboratories; formerly, Commission Members University of California, Berkeley White House Office of Science John Tessitore and Technology Policy Martha G. Abbot Brian T. Edwards Julian Kronick American Council on the Teaching Northwestern University Rubén G. Rumbaut Esha Senchaudhuri of Foreign Languages University of California, Irvine Karl Eikenberry Mark Aronoff Stanford University; Marta Tienda Funders Stony Brook University U.S. Army, ret. Princeton University Henry Luce Foundation Jessie “little doe” Baird Rosemary G. Feal Kenneth L. Wallach Wôpanâak Language Modern Language Association Central National Gottesman Inc. The Andrew W. Mellon Reclamation Project of America Foundation Diane P. Wood David Chu Carol Gluck U.S. Court of Appeals, Institute for Defense Analyses Columbia University Seventh Circuit

44 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS \\ COMMISSION ON LANGUAGE LEARNING

America’s Languages: Investing in Language Education for the 21st Century (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017)

The State of Languages in the U.S.: A Statistical Portrait (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2016)

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ COMMISSION ON LANGUAGE LEARNING

Final Commission Meeting

November 14, 2016 American Academy Cambridge, MA

Participants Dan E. Davidson Paul LeClerc Esha Senchaudhuri American Councils for Columbia Global Center-Paris, American Academy of Arts Martha G. Abbott International Education; Columbia University and Sciences American Council on the Teaching Bryn Mawr College of Foreign Languages Nancy McEldowney John Tessitore Brian T. Edwards Foreign Service Institute, American Academy of Arts Jessie ‘little doe’ Baird Northwestern University U.S. Department of State and Sciences Wôpanâak Language Reclamation Project Rosemary G. Feal Philip Rubin Kenneth L. Wallach Modern Language Association Haskins Laboratories Central National Gottesman Inc. David Chu of America Institute for Defense Analyses Rubén G. Rumbaut Diane P. Wood University of California, Irvine U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit

THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE 45 THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE

Press Conference and Rollout of the Language Commission’s Final Report

February 28, 2017 National Press Club Washington, D.C.

Participants Martha G. Abbott American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Mark Aronoff Stony Brook University Jessie “little doe” Baird Wôpanâak Language Reclamation Project Dan E. Davidson American Councils for International Education; Bryn Mawr College Brian T. Edwards Northwestern University Jonathan F. Fanton American Academy of Arts Paul LeClerc introduces the final report at the press conference. and Sciences Rosemary G. Feal Modern Language Association of America Carol Gluck Columbia University Paul LeClerc Columbia Global Center-Paris, Columbia University Nancy McEldowney Foreign Service Institute, U.S. Department of State Rubén G. Rumbaut University of California, Irvine Esha Senchaudhuri American Academy of Arts and Sciences John Tessitore American Academy of Arts Congressman at the Congressional Briefing, with (far left to right) and Sciences David Price Jessie “little doe” Baird, Dan E. Davidson, Paul LeClerc, Jonathan F. Fanton, and Nancy McEldowney. Kenneth L. Wallach Central National Gottesman Inc.

46 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE

Roundtable Discussion

February 28, 2017 Reserve Officers Association Washington, D.C.

Participants Mary Sue Coleman Stephen Kidd William Rivers Association of American National Humanities Alliance Joint National Committee for Martha G. Abbott Universities Languages–National Council American Council on the Teaching Richard Kurin for Languages and International of Foreign Languages Dan E. Davidson Smithsonian Institution Studies American Councils for Mark Aronoff Paul LeClerc International Education; Rubén G. Rumbaut Stony Brook University Columbia Global Center-Paris, Bryn Mawr College University of California, Irvine Columbia University Jessie “little doe” Baird Brian T. Edwards Esha Senchaudhuri Wôpanâak Language Esther Mackintosh Northwestern University American Academy of Arts Reclamation Project Federation of State Humanities and Sciences Jonathan F. Fanton Councils Richard Brecht American Academy of Arts John Tessitore University of Maryland, Nancy McEldowney and Sciences American Academy of Arts College Park Foreign Service Institute, and Sciences Rosemary G. Feal U.S. Department of State Sarah Brookhart Modern Language Association Kenneth L. Wallach Association for Psychological Maureen McLaughlin of America Central National Gottesman Inc. Science U.S. Department of Education Carol Gluck Eva Caldera Alyson Reed Columbia University Phi Beta Kappa Linguistic Society of America

Congressional Briefing

February 28, 2017 Washington, D.C.

Participants Dan E. Davidson Rosemary G. Feal Nancy McEldowney American Councils for Modern Language Association Foreign Service Institute, Martha G. Abbott International Education; of America U.S. Department of State American Council on the Teaching Bryn Mawr College of Foreign Languages Carol Gluck David Price Brian T. Edwards Columbia University U.S. House of Representatives Mark Aronoff Northwestern University Stony Brook University Paul LeClerc Rubén G. Rumbaut Jonathan F. Fanton Columbia Global Center-Paris, University of California, Irvine Jessie “little doe” Baird American Academy of Arts Columbia University Wôpanâak Language Kenneth L. Wallach and Sciences Reclamation Project Central National Gottesman Inc.

THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE 47 THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE

Annual Conference of the National Annual Conference of the Association Council of Less Commonly Taught for Psychological Science

Languages May 26, 2017 Boston, MA April 21, 2017 Rolling Meadows, IL Discussion group led by Philip Rubin (Haskins Laboratories)

Roundtable on the Report of the National Commission on Language Education and Its Consequences for the Language Profession

Panelists Dan E. Davidson American Councils for Antonia Schleicher, Chair International Education; African Language Teachers Bryn Mawr College Association/National Council of Less Commonly Taught Brian T. Edwards Languages Northwestern University Richard D. Brecht William Rivers University of Maryland Joint National Committee for Languages–National Council for Languages and International Studies

PROJECT THE HUMANITIES INDICATORS The Humanities Indicators are descriptive statistics that Part III. The Humanities Workforce: These Indicators describe chart trends over time in aspects of the humanities that are of employment in humanistic settings and occupations, with interest to a wide audience and for which there are available emphasis on postsecondary faculty, and also the career data. The Indicators provide data on a diverse array of topics paths of those with undergraduate and graduate degrees in pertaining to the role of the humanities in the contemporary the humanities. United States. These topics are organized into five major parts: Part IV. Humanities Funding and Research: These Indicators Part I. Primary and Secondary Education in the Humanities: include data on federal, state, and private funding for the These Indicators cover national measures of achievement humanities, as well as on support for academic research. at the primary and secondary school levels; high school Part V. The Humanities in American Life: The topics currently course-taking; and the characteristics of primary and sec- treated in this section include humanistic skills and practic- ondary faculty. es, such as reading and multilingualism; support for and uti- Part II. Undergraduate and Graduate Education in the Human- lization of various humanistic institutions, such as libraries ities: The Indicators in this section focus on the types of and museums; and public attitudes toward the humanities. courses undergraduate and graduate students take and the degrees they receive, and consider both preparedness for The Humanities Indicators are accessible at www.humanities graduate school and the conditions of graduate education. indicators.org.

48 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE

THE HUMANITIES INDICATORS, continued

Project Director Esther Mackintosh Funders With advice and assistance Federation of State Humanities from: Norman M. Bradburn The William and Flora Hewlett Councils NORC at the University of Foundation American Academy of Religion Chicago Judith Tanur The Andrew W. Mellon American Council of Learned Stony Brook University Foundation Societies Advisory Committee Steven Wheatley National Endowment for the American Historical Association Jack Buckley American Council of Learned Humanities American Institutes for Research Societies American Philosophical Peck Stacpoole Foundation Association Jonathan R. Cole Project Staff Columbia University The Rockefeller Foundation American Political Science Paul Erickson Association John Dichtl Sara Lee Corporation American Association for State Carolyn Fuqua College Art Association The Teagle Foundation and Local History John Hammer Federation of State Humanities Ronald G. Ehrenberg Councils Robert B. Townsend Cornell University History of Science Society John Tessitore Michael Hout Linguistic Society of America New York University Modern Language Association Felice J. Levine of America American Educational Research Association National Communication Association National Humanities Alliance Society for Biblical Literature

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ THE HUMANITIES INDICATORS

Indicators Advisory Committee Meeting

January 13, 2017 Washington, D.C.

The full committee met to assess the current work of the project and to develop new initiatives for the coming year.

Participants Ronald G. Ehrenberg Esther Mackintosh Cornell University Federation of State Humanities Jack Buckley Councils American Institutes for Research Michael Hout New York University Judith Tanur Jonathan R. Cole Stony Brook University Columbia University Felice J. Levine American Educational Research Steven Wheatley John Dichtl Association American Council of Learned American Association for State Societies and Local History

THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE 49 THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE

National Inventory of Humanities Organizations

April 17, 2017 Washington, D.C.

The meeting convened a range of experts on the public humanities Indicators: to create a detailed data set on the full range ities to provide guidance on a new initiative for the Human- of humanities organizations in the United States.

Participants John Dichtl Jim Kitterman Carole Rosenstein American Association for State Maryland Humanities Council George Mason University Norman Bradburn and Local History NORC at the University of Elizabeth Lynn Ben Sweezy Chicago Paul Erickson Center for Civic Reflection Institute of Museum and Library American Academy of Arts Sciences Jeff Allen Kathy Rosa and Sciences Federation of State Humanities American Library Association Robert B. Townsend Councils Carolyn Fuqua American Academy of Arts American Academy of Arts and Sciences Brett Bobley and Sciences National Endowment for the Humanities

PROJECT COMMISSION ON THE ARTS In February 2016, the Academy began holding a series of con- What is the impact of new technologies on the arts? More versations around the country on the possibility of forming a broadly, what is the relationship between science and the national Commission on the Arts. Since then, the Academy arts? has held nine conversations in eight cities around the coun- What are the differences between distinct regional arts try with groups of arts leaders, funders, and practicing artists. ecologies around the country? These conversations engaged a range of Academy members with an interest in the arts. What can the nation do to encourage participation in arts-making as well as in arts attendance? A series of common questions emerged from these meetings: The consensus among participants in the meetings held so far What is the role of the arts in American life? (Many groups is that for a commission to be successful, its mandate must have addressed the state of the arts.) What can the arts do? be tightly focused; a general conversation that results in the What do we want the arts to do? conclusion that the arts are deserving of support will not be What is the function of the arts in an increasingly diverse helpful. To that end, the Academy is convening a planning America? How can the arts help build empathy between committee to craft a clear mandate for the commission and to people and build bridges between communities? identify potential outcomes. What is the impact of the division between nonprofit and Funder commercial arts? The Ford Foundation

50 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE

EXPLORATORY MEETINGS \\ COMMISSION ON THE ARTS

September 12, 2016 Washington, D.C.

Co-Hosts Jane Chu Dorothy Kosinski Molly Smith National Endowment for the Arts The Phillips Collection The Mead Center for American Roger Sant Theater The Summit Foundation Louise Bryson Earl Powell III The J. Paul Getty Trust National Gallery of Art Damian Woetzel Victoria Sant Aspen Institute Arts Program The Summit Foundation Jonathan F. Fanton Sharon Rockefeller American Academy of Arts WETA Participants and Sciences Deborah Rutter Melissa Chiu Bob Gazzale The Kennedy Center for the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture American Film Institute Performing Arts Garden

September 26, 2016 Cambridge, MA

Co-Hosts Benjamin Buchloh Laurence Lesser Anne Poulet Harvard University New England Conservatory The Frick Collection John F. Cogan, Jr. Pioneer Investment Management Taylor Carol Ben Mandelkern Richard Stoltzman USA, Inc. Harvard University Silkroad Productions New England Conservatory Susan W. Paine Rohit Deshpande Jill Medvedow Michael Uy Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Harvard Business School Institute of Contemporary Art Harvard University Yo-Yo Ma Kara Elliott-Ortega Jack Megan Mark Volpe Cambridge, MA Mayor’s Office of Arts and Harvard University Boston Symphony Orchestra Culture, City of Boston Meg Morton Debra Wise Participants Jonathan F. Fanton Fidelity Foundation Underground Railway Theater Jonathan Bays American Academy of Arts Richard Ortner San San Wong Silkroad Productions and Sciences The Boston Conservatory Barr Foundation Roger Brown Howard Gardner William Poorvu Nicholas Zervas Berklee College of Music Harvard University Graduate Harvard Business School Harvard Medical School; School of Education Massachusetts General Hospital

THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE 51 THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE

EXPLORATORY MEETINGS \\ COMMISSION ON THE ARTS, continued

November 17, 2016 San Francisco, CA

Co-Hosts Jonathan F. Fanton Mark Oppenheim David Stull American Academy of Arts m/Oppenheim Executive Search San Francisco Conservatory Bernard Osher and Sciences of Music The Bernard Osher Foundation Carey Perloff Lori Fogarty American Conservatory Theater Matias Tarnopolsky Barbro Osher Oakland Museum of California Cal Performances The Bernard Osher Foundation Lawrence Rinder Charles M. Geschke Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Helgi Tomasson Participants Adobe Systems Film Archive San Francisco Ballet Kate Duhamel Chad Jones Matthew Shilvock Jay Xu Fountain 3 Films; LINES Ballet San Francisco Arts Education San Francisco Opera Asian Art Museum of Project San Francisco

January 13, 2017 Miami, FL

Host Jonathan F. Fanton Sue Kronick Ellen Salpeter American Academy of Arts Miami City Ballet Institute of Contemporary Art, Alberto Ibargüen and Sciences Miami John S. and James L. Knight Cathy Leff Foundation Rosie Gordon-Wallace Florida International University Dennis Scholl Diaspora Vibe Cultural Arts Scholl Creative Lucas Leyva Participants Incubator Borscht Corporation Chana Budgazad Sheldon Sarah Arison Howard Herring Locus Projects Inc. Bahia Ramos Arison Arts Foundation New World Symphony John S. and James L. Knight Franklin Sirmans Ali Codina Carla Hill Foundation Pérez Art Museum Miami Open Lab South Miami-Dade Cultural Victoria Rogers Michael Spring Arts Center P. Scott Cunningham John S. and James L. Knight Miami-Dade Department of O, Miami Carolina Jayaram Foundation Cultural Affairs National YoungArts Foundation Maria Del Valle Juan Valadez ArtCenter South Florida Rubell Family Collection

February 10, 2017 St. Louis, MO

Host Carmon Colangelo Lisa Melandri Cara Starke Washington University in Contemporary Art Museum Pulitzer Arts Foundation Emily Rauh Pulitzer St. Louis St. Louis Pulitzer Arts Foundation Roseann Weiss Rick Dildine Timothy O’Leary Regional Arts Commission Participants Shakespeare Festival St. Louis Opera Theatre of Saint Louis St. Louis Mary Jo Bang Michael Eastman Tamara Schenkenberg Mark Wrighton Washington University in Photographer Pulitzer Arts Foundation Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis

52 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 American Institutions, Society, and the Public Good

ince its founding, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences has worked to Spromote a “strong and virtuous” nation. Today this effort involves projects designed to advance the state of scholarship about the nation’s institutions and to develop innovative solutions to problems facing American society. Projects in this area interpret the term “institution” broadly, focusing on all of the constituent el- ements of government and civil society. These projects seek to examine the impact of institutions on broad sectors of American society. They address how individual citizens interact with social structures, how these experiences prepare people to make a positive contribution to a diverse America, and how these institutions are changing and might operate differently in the twenty-first century. The Acad- emy shares this research through publications, conferences, and active outreach. More information about this program area is available on the Academy’s website at www.amacad.org/american-institutions.

AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, AND THE PUBLIC GOOD 53 AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, AND THE PUBLIC GOOD

MAKING JUSTICE ACCESSIBLE: DATA COLLECTION AND LEGAL PROJECT SERVICES FOR LOW-INCOME AMERICANS On November 11–12, 2015, the American Academy hosted Making Justice Accessible will include the publication of an a symposium on the state of legal services for low-income issue of Dædalus in Spring 2019 on “Legal Services and Access Americans. Symposium participants–including federal and to Justice.” Divided into three topics–Delivery, Interests, and state judges, legal scholars, and social scientists–agreed that the Meaning of Access to Justice–the volume will speak to the the legal community does not have enough reliable and acces- importance of civil legal aid and representation to the Ameri- sible data to be able to address adequately the scope and vari- can justice system and the rule of law. Drawing from multiple ety of the crisis in legal services. The participants also agreed disciplines within legal scholarship, the collection will shed that the American Academy, with its diverse membership and light on what access to justice really means, enumerate the mul- its history of data efforts in the humanities, could continue to tiple parties and interests with a stake in equal access to civil be a valuable partner by organizing a set of conversations on justice, and educate the broader public about current efforts to the topic, aggregating the incomplete data that currently exist deliver quality civil legal representation. The guest editors of on unrepresented civil litigants, and suggesting a research the Dædalus issue are Lincoln Caplan (Yale Law School), Lance agenda for future data collection efforts. Liebman (Columbia Law School), David Tatel (United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit), and Rebecca Sandefur (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign).

Project Chairs Funder Mark Hansen David M. Rubenstein University of Chicago Enhancement Fund Rebecca Sandefur University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

54 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES

The Exploratory Fund

he Exploratory Fund was established in 2015 to support Members who Twish to work together, and with other scholars, experts, and practitioners, to look over the horizon for issues and opportunities not well understood, to think of problems in a fresh way, and to search for connections between research and policy that advance the common good. Through the Exploratory Fund, the Academy is committed to encouraging forward-thinking collaborations that in- corporate diverse perspectives and bring together creative thinkers and leaders representing a range of disciplines, career stages, backgrounds, and experiences. Proposals are accepted on a rolling basis and awarded funds to cover the costs associated with an Exploratory Meeting. The Exploratory Fund has supported proposals on a wide array of topics, including The Future of Jazz in America, Wom- en and Equality, and Understanding the New Nuclear Age. Members are encouraged to contact the Academy President and staff to discuss their ideas for Explorato- ry Meetings. The Exploratory Fund is made possible through the generous support of the Arnhold Foundation, John F. Cogan, Jr., Michael E. Gellert, Bob and Kristine Higgins, Carl and Betty Pforzheimer, William Poorvu, and Kenneth L. and Susan S. Wallach.

EXPLORATORY MEETINGS

Science and the Legal System

July 20–21, 2017 Cambridge, MA

As the overlap between scientific learning and legal issues Diamond and Richard Lempert are leading an initiative to increases, leading scientists reportedly shy away from involve- learn what motivates scientists to participate in legal processes ment with the legal system or have difficulties communicating and recommend ways to improve the relationship between sci- their knowledge. Despite the importance of this issue, there ence and the law. In July they chaired a meeting at the House of are few systematic studies on how scientists view the legal sys- the Academy for legal scholars and scientists to work together tem or on their experiences as consultants to lawyers or judges on a publication examining this topic. or as expert witnesses. Academy Members Shari Seidman

EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES 55 EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES

EXPLORATORY MEETINGS \\ SCIENCE AND THE LEGAL SYSTEM, continued

Chairs Nancy Gertner Elizabeth Loftus Michael Saks Harvard Law School; United University of California, Irvine Sandra Day O’Connor College of Shari Seidman Diamond States District Court for the Law, Arizona State University Northwestern University Anne-Marie Mazza District of Massachusetts, ret. Pritzker School of Law National Academies of Sciences, Joseph Sanders Linda Greenhouse Engineering, and Medicine University of Houston Law Richard Lempert Yale Law School University of Michigan Jennifer L. Mnookin Patti Saris Susan Haack University of California, United States District Court for Participants University of Miami Los Angeles School of Law the District of Massachusetts Huda Akil Valerie Hans Jed Rakoff University of Michigan Cornell Law School United States District Court for the Southern District of New York Robert Cook-Deegan Sheila Jasanoff Arizona State University Harvard Kennedy School Daniel Rubinfeld University of California, Jay Kadane Rebecca Eisenberg Berkeley School of Law; Carnegie Mellon University University of Michigan New York University Law School

Nationalism, Populism, and the Future of Global Governance

June 12, 2017 Cambridge, MA

Academy Member Jack Snyder chaired an exploratory meet- these movements relate to the existing multilateral archi- ing that brought scholars and experts from the fields of polit- tecture of global institutions. Participants also assessed any ical science, international affairs, bioethics, and government new forms of international cooperation or conflict that could to the House of the Academy on June 12, 2017. The goal of the emerge from these movements, and discussed concerns meeting was to examine whether there might be a common about the potential for political violence and related threats taproot behind the nationalist and populist movements that to democracy, liberty, equality, economic development, and have recently emerged across the globe, and to look at how international stability.

Chair John F. Cogan, Jr. Carol Gluck Barry Posen Pioneer Investment Management Columbia University Massachusetts Institute of Jack Snyder USA, Inc. Technology Columbia University Alastair Iain Johnston Daniel Drezner Harvard University William Reno Participants Tufts University; Northwestern University David Laitin The Washington Post Isabella Bakker Stanford University Jill Schuker York University Renata Dwan Washington Center for OECD Douglas McAdam United Nations Solomon Benatar Stanford University James Wertsch University of Cape Town Jeffry Frieden Washington University Pippa Norris Harvard University in St. Louis Mark Blyth Harvard University Brown University Stephen Gill Marina von Neumann William Poorvu York University Whitman Harvard Business School Antonia Chayes University of Michigan Tufts University

56 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES

The Future of Public Media

June 5, 2017 New York, NY

In 1967, the U.S. Congress passed the Public Broadcasting ipants spoke to the potential of public media, but also frankly Act and the Carnegie Commission on Educational Television assessed where it fit within a profoundly altered American released its first and most influential report. On the fiftieth media landscape, and what its continued role, if any, might be anniversary of these landmark events, Academy Member over the next fifty years and beyond. Participants also shared Bill Baker convened a meeting of scholars, media executives, their hopes for public media and discussed what current trends journalists, and other experts to discuss the future of public could mean for American media and the American people. media. In the same spirit as the Carnegie Commission, partic-

Chair Bishop Frank Caggiano Virginia Roach Mark Thompson Roman Catholic Archdiocese Fordham University The New York Times Company Bill Baker of Hartford Fordham University Geoffrey Sands Neil deGrasse Tyson Julie Drizin McKinsey & Company Hayden Planetarium Participants Current Neal Shapiro Christopher Vollmer Jonathan Abbott Jonathan F. Fanton WNET Strategy& WGBH American Academy of Arts Al Sikes Laura Walker and Sciences Nancy Andrews Federal Communications New York Public Radio Duke University Cynthia Fenneman Commission Josh Weston School of Medicine American Public Television Thomas Streeter Automatic Data Processing Henry Arnhold Ellen Goodman University of Vermont Arnhold and S. Bleichroeder Rutgers Law School Zephyr Teachout Holdings, Inc. Gary E. Knell Fordham University National Geographic Society School of Law

Meeting on the Future of Public Media – back row: Thomas Streeter, Jonathan Abbott, Geoffrey Sands, Cynthia Fenneman, Virginia Roach, Al Sikes; front row: Josh Weston, Laura Walker, Henry Arnhold, Jonathan Fanton, Bishop Frank Caggiano; front: Bill Baker

EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES 57 EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES

The Children of Immigrants in New Places of Settlement

April 20–21, 2017 Cambridge, MA

Immigrant children and children of immigrants are the fast- Member Alejandro Portes, thirteen scholars from across the est growing component of America’s young population, now United States and Mexico, representing the fields of sociology, comprising one-in-four of all persons aged 18 and younger. education, anthropology, history, and economics, met at the Too little is known about their experiences in receiving com- House of the Academy to review the current literature on this munities, especially as increasing numbers move beyond population, discuss their concerns, and outline ideas and pri- major cities and into small towns and rural areas across the orities for the future. U.S. South and Midwest. Under the leadership of Academy

Chair Jonathan F. Fanton Matthew Holsapple Rubén G. Rumbaut American Academy of Arts Spencer Foundation University of California, Irvine Alejandro Portes and Sciences Princeton University Helen Marrow Min Zhou Patricia Fernández-Kelly Tufts University University of California, Participants Princeton University Los Angeles Douglas S. Massey Aixa Cintron-Velez Roberto Gonzales Princeton University Victor Zuniga Gonzalez Russell Sage Foundation Harvard University Monterrey Technological Institute, Daniel Morales Mexico Richard Duran David Griffith American Academy of Arts University of California, East Carolina University and Sciences Santa Barbara Ruben Hernandez-Leon Krista Perreira University of California, University of North Carolina Los Angeles at Chapel Hill

Participants at the meeting on The Children of Immigrants in New Places of Settlement.

58 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES

Building and Strengthening the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)

February 5–6, 2017 Cambridge, MA

The implementation of the Iran Nuclear Agreement offered an a diverse group of thinkers, including former government historic opportunity to assess the state of arms control diplo- officials experienced in negotiations with Iran, heads of think macy, to distill lessons learned, and to suggest a framework for tanks, and scholars of nuclear studies and regional issues. The future international negotiations among the countries in the group discussed opportunities and questions raised by the Persian Gulf and surrounding region. On February 5–6, 2017, jcpoa and pathways toward fruitful conversations involving Academy Members Robert Rosner and Donald Lamb chaired P5+1 representatives, technical experts, policy-makers, and a meeting at the House of the Academy that brought together government officials.

Chairs Jonathan F. Fanton Dimitri Kusnezov Laura Rockwood American Academy of Arts U.S. National Nuclear Security Vienna Center for Disarmament Robert Rosner and Sciences Administration and Non‑Proliferation University of Chicago Bill Foster Seyed Hossein Mousavian Gary Samore Donald Lamb U.S. Congress Princeton University Harvard University University of Chicago Stephen Heintz Janne Nolan Ali Vaez Participants Rockefeller Brothers Fund The George Washington International Crisis Group University William J. Burns R. Scott Kemp Jim Walsh Carnegie Endowment for Massachusetts Institute of Massachusetts Institute of International Peace Technology Technology

Women and Equality

December 10, 2016 Cambridge, MA

Many take for granted that women should share with men equal access to political, economic, and social resources and leadership. The lived experiences of women, however, vary enormously: by country, by sector of the economy, by class, by race, and by a large number of other factors. On Decem- ber 10, 2016, Academy Members Nannerl O. Keohane and Frances McCall Rosenbluth convened a small meeting at the House of the Academy that included scholars from the fields of sociology, economics, political science, and history. Partici- pants explored new and comprehensive ways of thinking about social, political, and economic realities for women across multiple, diverse contexts. At the recommendation of meeting participants, the Academy will host a larger international con- Frances McCall Rosenbluth, Nannerl O. Keohane, ference in December 2017 on the topic of women and equality. Rose McDermott, and Debora Spar

EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES 59 EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES

EXPLORATORY MEETINGS \\ WOMEN AND EQUALITY, continued

Chairs Participants Claudia Goldin Debora Spar Harvard University Barnard College Nannerl O. Keohane Shelley Correll Princeton University Stanford University Mala Htun Jessica Wilkerson University of New Mexico American Academy of Arts Frances McCall Rosenbluth Rafaela Dancygier and Sciences Yale University Princeton University Rose McDermott Brown University

R2P: Cultural Heritage

November 29 – December 1, 2016 London, England

An increase in attacks on cultural heritage sites since 2013, discuss what role the international community could play in especially in Syria and Iraq, has raised questions and concerns protecting the cultural heritage of countries in warfare. The about how best to protect irreplaceable heritage. In partner- group drew on the Responsibility to Protect Norm, adopted by ship with The J. Paul Getty Trust, Academy Member James the United Nations in 2005, as a foundation for thinking about Cuno convened a group of world renowned museum directors possible new frameworks for protecting cultural heritage sites. and specialists in international law and doctrine formation to

Chair Gilles Dutertre Mary Kaldor Hermann Parzinger International Criminal Court London School of Economics Prussian Cultural Heritage James Cuno Foundation The J. Paul Getty Trust Hugh Eakin Sunil Khilnani New York Review of Books King’s College London Mikhail Piotrovskiy Participants The State Hermitage Museum Karl W. Eikenberry Maja Kominko Samir Abdulac Stanford University Arcadia Fund Stephen Rapp ICOMOS formerly, U.S. Department Lazare Eloundou Assomo Richard Kurin of State Lourdes Arizpe UNESCO Smithsonian Institution National University of Mexico, Jessica Rawson Alun Evans Richard Lambert UNESCO University of Oxford British Academy The British Museum Lloyd Axworthy Louise Richardson Jonathan F. Fanton Edward Luck St. Paul’s University College University of Oxford American Academy of Arts Columbia University Louise H. Bryson and Sciences Jacob Rothschild Dana Zaret Luck The J. Paul Getty Trust The Rothschild Foundation Hartwig Fischer Mattis and Luck Center for Lassana Cissé The British Museum Neuropsychological Services Bijan Rouhani Directeur National du Patrimoine Scientific Committee on Risk Katrin Flikschuh Nicholas Mellor Culturel du Mali (DNPC) Preparedness; International London School of Economics Humanitarian Innovation Fund Council on Monuments and Sites Stephen W. Clark Rosemary Foot Carsten Paludan-Müller The J. Paul Getty Trust Francesco Rutelli University of Oxford Norwegian Institute for Cultural Associazione Incontro di Civiltà Megan Clement Heritage Research Hansjörg Haber The Conversation Global formerly, European Union

60 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES

EXPLORATORY MEETINGS \\ R2P: CULTURAL HERITAGE, continued

Anthony Sattin Charles C. Stewart Alberto Vial Mariët Westermann Journalist University of Illinois at Louvre Museum The Andrew W. Mellon Urbana-Champaign Foundation Ismail Serageldin Thomas G. Weiss Library of Alexandria Mana Takatori The City University of New York Timothy Whalen Japan Foundation London The Getty Conservation Institute Jamie Shea NATO

Best Practices in Philanthropic Funding

October 17–18, 2016 Cambridge, MA

As U.S. government funding for research and other services convened a meeting at the House of the Academy on October continues to decline, nongovernmental funders, including 17–18, 2016, which brought together university and govern- foundations, corporations, individuals, and even foreign gov- ment officials, heads of foundations, media representatives, ernments, have provided crucial support in a wide range of and researchers. Participants considered whether a statement fields. At the same time, there have been instances, both real of best practices could protect the integrity of research, the and perceived, in which donors may have exercised undue reputations of donors, and the independence of recipients. influence on their grantees. Academy Member Larry Kramer

Chair Marion Fremont-Smith Gara LaMarche Michael Oreskes Hauser Institute for Democracy Alliance NPR Larry Kramer Nonprofit Organizations; The William and Flora Hewlett Leslie Lenkowsky Kenneth Prewitt Harvard Kennedy School Foundation Indiana University Columbia University Sam Gill Earl Lewis Elspeth Revere Participants John S. and James L. Knight The Andrew W. Mellon Ravenswood Consulting Group Foundation Phil Buchanan Foundation Michael D. Smith Center for Effective Philanthropy Antonia Hernandez Jessica Mathews Harvard University California Community Chad English Carnegie Endowment for Foundation Richard Tofel David and Lucile Packard International Peace ProPublica Foundation Marc Kastner Anthony Monaco Science Philanthropy Alliance Jonathan F. Fanton Tufts University American Academy of Arts Robert Kissane Aryeh Neier and Sciences CCS Open Society Foundations

EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES 61 EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES

Preserving Intellectual Legacies in a Digital Age

September 22–23, 2016 Cambridge, MA

As scholars become more dependent on digital technology to archivists, and public policy experts representing an array of preserve and archive their scholarly findings, concerns about disciplines and backgrounds to address these concerns. Par- how to make intellectual production available to future genera- ticipants raised questions about the equitable transmission of tions have grown. On September 22–23, 2016, Academy Mem- scholarly and cultural knowledge and discussed new possibili- bers Pamela Samuelson, Carla Hesse, and Robert Darnton ties for scalable methods of digital publication and preservation. convened a meeting of authors, publishers, librarians, lawyers,

Chairs Paul Courant James J. O’Donnell Molly Shaffer Van University of Michigan Arizona State University Houweling Pamela Samuelson University of California, University of California, Berkeley Jonathan F. Fanton Robert Pinsky Berkeley School of Law School of Law American Academy of Arts Boston University and Sciences Don Waters Carla Hesse Kenneth Prewitt The Andrew W. Mellon University of California, Berkeley Mike Furlough Columbia University Foundation HathiTrust Robert Darnton Jason Rhody Nancy Weiss Harvard University Tom Griffiths Social Science Research Council U.S. Institute of Museum and University of California, Berkeley Abby Smith Rumsey Library Services Participants Lewis Hyde Writer and Historian Diane P. Wood Peter Berkery Kenyon College Mahadev Satyanarayanan U.S. Court of Appeals, American Association of Brewster Kahle Carnegie Mellon University Seventh Circuit University Presses Internet Archive Sidonie Smith Jonathan Zittrain Dan Cohen Donald Lamm University of Michigan Harvard Law School Digital Public Library of America W.W. Norton & Company

Participants at the meeting on Preserving Intellectual Legacies in a Digital Age.

62 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES

Native Americans and Academia

August 21–23, 2016 Cambridge, MA

On August 21–23, 2016, Academy Members Philip J. Deloria, in academia, such as the future of Native American students and Loren Ghiglione, and Douglas Medin, along with Ned Black- scholars and new intellectual directions for scholarship on Amer- hawk, Bryan Brayboy, K. Tsianina Lomawaima, and Mark Tra- ican Indian people. The group also considered how academics hant, convened a meeting that brought Native American schol- could, through serious engagement with Native American issues, ars, experts on Native American issues, and Native American develop new models for thinking about social diversity, politics, tribal leaders to the House of the Academy. Participants dis- and law that address some of the burdens of American history. cussed critical issues related to Native American representation

Chairs Participants Nanibaa’ Garrison Sheilah E. Nicholas University of Washington University of Arizona Philip J. Deloria Jessie “little doe” Baird University of Michigan Wôpanâak Language Talia Landry Kyle Whyte Reclamation Project Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe Michigan State University Loren Ghiglione Northwestern University Kari A. B. Chew Wesley Leonard Rosita Worl University of Arizona University of California, Riverside Sealaska Heritage Institute Douglas Medin Northwestern University Amy E. Den Ouden Shelly Lowe Melissa Tantaquidgeon University of Massachusetts, Harvard University Zobel in collaboration with Boston Mohegan Tribe, Connecticut Teresa L. McCarty Ned Blackhawk N. Bruce Duthu University of California, Yale University Dartmouth College Los Angeles Bryan Brayboy Stephanie Fryberg Maggie McKinley Arizona State University University of Washington Harvard Law School K. Tsianina Lomawaima Arizona State University Mark Trahant University of North Dakota

EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES 63 EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES

The Future of Jazz in America

May 19, 2016 Cambridge, MA

Inspired by their concerns over the changing popular profile ness leaders, philanthropists, and fellow enthusiasts to dis- and diminished radio exposure of jazz music, Academy Mem- cuss issues related to performance and outreach, the business bers and jazz enthusiasts Felton Earls and William Damon of jazz, and jazz education. The group also began planning an convened a meeting at the House of the Academy on May 19, issue of Dædalus, which will be guest edited by Gerald Early 2016. They brought together jazz scholars, performers, busi- and Ingrid Monson and explore why jazz still matters.

Chairs Tessil Collins Eric Jackson Robert O’Meally Jazz 24/7 WGBH Jazz Radio Columbia University Felton Earls Harvard University Stephen Daniel Sean Jones Tim Owens Seyron Partners, LLC Berklee College of Music NPR Jazz William Damon Stanford University Gerald Early Ingrid Monson Meghan Stabile Washington University Harvard University Revive Music Group Participants in St. Louis Martin Mueller Tod Stoll Pauline Bilsky Jonathan F. Fanton The New School Jazz at Lincoln Center JazzBoston American Academy of Arts James Nadel Judith Tick and Sciences Robert Blocker Stanford University Northeastern University Yale University

Participants at the meeting on The Future of Jazz in America

64 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES

Bridging the Gap between Area and Global Studies

March 7, 2016 Cambridge, MA

With the divides between area and global studies widening, ments to collaboration between the fields and to develop initial Academy Member Arthur Kleinman chaired a meeting of steps toward strengthening and sustaining cross-disciplinary scholars from across the United States and the United King- relationships. The meeting also provided an opportunity for dom to develop novel ways of easing these long-standing scholars to explore broader questions about how knowledge tensions. On March 7, 2017, at the House of the Academy, par- might be reorganized and institutionalized to support twenty- ticipants worked to identify and better understand impedi- first-century scholarship.

Chair Grzegorz Ekiert Vera Jelinek Haun Saussy Harvard University New York University University of Chicago Arthur Kleinman Harvard University Mark Elliott Salmaan Keshavjee Mitchell Stevens Harvard University Harvard Medical School Stanford University Participants Jonathan F. Fanton Michèle Lamont Karen Thornber Emmanuel Akyeampong American Academy of Arts Harvard University Harvard University Harvard University and Sciences Cynthia Miller-Idriss Ezra Vogel Nezar AlSayyad Ted Gerber American University Harvard University University of California, Berkeley University of Wisconsin-Madison Henry Rosovsky Patricia Biermayr-Jenzano Andrew Hurrell Harvard University Georgetown University University of Oxford

Collaborative on Autism and Sign Language

December 12–13, 2015 Cambridge, MA

On December 12–13, 2015, Academy Members Mark Aronoff, hypotheses about the emergence of communication in autism Susan Goldin Meadow, and Charles Nelson, in collaboration by leveraging methods and insights from the latest research on with Matthew Lerner, convened a meeting of the Consortium sign language. Participants also welcomed and integrated the on Autism and Sign Language at the House of the Academy. The voices of people from autistic and deaf communities into their meeting brought together scholars from more than nine fields plans for developing a cross-disciplinary research agenda on and nineteen universities for the purpose of advancing novel the nature of communication in these populations.

Chairs in collaboration with Participants Jamie Burke Syracuse Mark Aronoff Matthew Lerner Mihaela Barokova Stony Brook University Stony Brook University Boston University Sheree Burke Communication Support for Susan Goldin Meadow Pamela Block Jamie Burke University of Chicago Stony Brook University Anthony Burns Charles Nelson Noah Britton Stony Brook University Harvard University Bunker Hill Community College Alisson Canfield University of Connecticut

EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES 65 EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES

EXPLORATORY MEETINGS \\ COLLABORATIVE ON AUTISM AND SIGN LANGUAGE, continued

Brian Casteluccio Elizabeth Grace Bianca Marro Clarence Schutt University of Connecticut National Louis University Stony Brook University Princeton University Michelle Cheng Josh Green James McPartland Sophie Schwartz Rutgers University University of Connecticut Yale University Boston University April Choi Alycia Halladay Richard Paul Meier Aaron Shield Harvard University Autism Science Foundation University of Texas, Austin Miami University of Ohio Francis Cooley Paul Harris Maria Mody Stephen Shore University of Texas, Austin Harvard University Harvard Medical School; Adelphi University Massachusetts General Hospital Laura Edwards Anders Hogstrom Shubi Sinha Harvard University University of Connecticut Cora Mukerji University of Virginia Harvard University Inge-Marie Eigsti Lynn Hou Ruth Anna Spooner University of Connecticut University of Texas, Austin Jessie Northrup University of Michigan University of Pittsburgh Jacqueline Emmart Jana Iverson Mrikanga Sur Sign Language Interpreter University of Pittsburgh Carol Padden Massachusetts Institute of University of California, Technology John Fassenden Vikram Jaswal San Diego Stony Brook University University of Virginia Helen Tager-Flusberg David Perlmutter Boston University Kayla Finch Erin Kang University of California, Boston University Stony Brook University Rebecca Weber San Diego Stony Brook University Michele Friedner Nancy Kanwisher John Elder Robison Stony Brook University Massachusetts Institute of Kelsey West College of William & Mary Technology University of Pittsburgh Jolanta Galloway Emily Roemer Sign Language Interpreter Cara Keifer Melanie Yergeau University of Pittsburgh Stony Brook University University of Michigan Jacquelyn Gates Tamara Rosen Stony Brook University Meghan Leonhardt Stony Brook University Stony Brook University Morton Gernsbacher Rick Rubin University of Wisconsin-Madison Matthew Lerner Sign Language Interpreter Stony Brook University

66 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES

Making Justice Accessible

November 11–12, 2015 Cambridge, MA

By some estimates, only 20 percent of qualified Americans legal scholars, and lawyers at the House of the Academy. Par- receive the necessary aid they require as they move through ticipants discussed issues ranging from fees and the difficulty the American justice system. Millions are left unaided and of navigating the court system to the role of corporations in unable to negotiate a complicated legal system on their own. providing pro bono representation and the use of technology To begin addressing this critical issue, Academy Members in the legal profession. This meeting has inspired an Academy John Levi, Martha Minow, and Lance Liebman chaired a project on Making Justice Accessible: Data Collection and meeting of more than fifty judges and justices, chief justices, Legal Services for Low-Income Americans.

Chairs Bryon Fong Goodwin Liu James Rowan Harvard Law School California Supreme Court Northeastern University John Levi School of Law Legal Services Corporation; Lisa Foster Lora Livingston Sidley Austin LLP U.S. Department of Justice 261st Civil District Court Mary K. Ryan Nutter McClennen & Fish LLP Lance Liebman Ralph Gants Ed Marks Columbia Law School Massachusetts Supreme New Mexico Legal Aid James Sandman Judicial Court Legal Services Corporation Martha Minow Victor Marrero Harvard Law School Steve Gottlieb U.S. District Court for the Steven Shapiro Atlanta Legal Aid Southern District of New York American Civil Liberties Union Participants Robert Grey Margaret H. Marshall David Tatel Kyle Barry Hunton & Williams Choate Hall & Stewart LLP U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Alliance for Justice Columbia Circuit Mark Hansen Mathew McCubbins Lincoln Caplan University of Chicago Duke University Nicole VanderDoes Yale Law School ABA Standing Committee on the Nan Heald Harriet Miers American Judicial System Dan Clivner Pine Tree Legal Assistance Locke Lord Sidley Austin LLP Frank J. Vatterott Nathan L. Hecht William Neukom Municipal Courts Post-Ferguson Supreme Court of Texas World Justice Project Lisa Colpoys Improvement Committee Illinois Legal Aid Online William Hubbard Maureen O’Connor David Wilkins Nelson Mullins Riley & Supreme Court of the State Colleen Cotter Harvard Law School Legal Aid Society of Cleveland Scarborough LLP of Ohio Diane P. Wood Alexandra Lahav Stuart Rabner Ron Dolin U.S. Court of Appeals, University of Connecticut Supreme Court of New Jersey Harvard Law School Seventh Circuit School of Law Mark Recktenwald Douglas Eakeley Anthony Young Bill Lee Supreme Court of Hawai’i Rutgers University School of Law Southern Arizona Legal Aid WilmerHale Judith Resnik Jonathan F. Fanton Richard Zorza David F. Levi Yale Law School American Academy of Arts National Self-Represented and Sciences Duke Law School Nick Robinson Litigation Network Fern Fisher Jonathan Lippman Harvard Law School New York City Courts Latham & Watkins

EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES 67 EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES

Understanding the New Nuclear Age

June 19, 2015 Cambridge, MA

As the foundations and principles that defined the nuclear examined recent changes in the dynamics of the nuclear order, order after World War II and during the Cold War shift and explored the effect of new technologies on nuclear strategies, evolve, new challenges confront the international community. and assessed how future arms control agreements could be On June 19, 2015, Academy Member Robert Legvold chaired designed to address these changes. The meeting has since a meeting at the House of the Academy that brought together developed into an Academy project in the Global Security and a group of experts in international security. The participants International Affairs program area.

Chair Participants Catherine Kelleher Michael D. Swaine University of Maryland Carnegie Endowment for Robert Legvold James Acton International Peace Columbia University Carnegie Endowment for Michael Krepon International Peace The Stimson Center Nina Tannenwald Brown University Jonathan F. Fanton Barry Posen American Academy of Arts Massachusetts Institute of and Sciences Technology

68 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 LOCAL PROGRAM COMMITTEES

Local Program Committees

he Academy’s Local Program Committees bring local Members together Tto advise on current Academy projects; to elevate the impact of Academy reports and publications; to explore topics of interest at the local or national level; and to provide opportunities for social and intellectual connection. The Academy has formed committees in Berkeley, Boston-Cambridge, Houston, Los Angeles, New Haven, New York, Philadelphia, Princeton, Providence, St. Louis, San Diego, and Washington, D.C., and is establishing new committees in Chicago and North Carolina, among other locations.

BERKELEY BOSTON-CAMBRIDGE Arthur Jaffe HOUSTON PROGRAM COMMITTEE PLANNING COMMITTEE Harvard University PROGRAM COMMITTEE Jesse H. Choper, Chair David E. Bloom Susan Woods Paine Lee H. Rosenthal, Cochair University of California, Berkeley Harvard T.H. Chan School formerly, Museum of Fine Arts United States District Court, School of Law of Public Health Boston Southern District of Texas David A. Hollinger Richard E. Cavanagh Katharine Park John Mendelsohn, Cochair University of California, Berkeley Harvard Kennedy School Harvard University University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Rice University Randy W. Schekman Felton Earls Steven Pinker University of California, Berkeley; Harvard T.H. Chan School Harvard University Ernest H. Cockrell Howard Hughes Medical Institute of Public Health; Cockrell Interests, Inc.; William Poorvu Harvard Medical School Cockrell Foundation Harvard Business School Lawrence K. Fish Edward P. Djerejian Mriganka Sur formerly, Citizens Bank Baker Institute for Public Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Rice University Sally Haslanger Technology Massachusetts Institute of Neal Lane Sherry Turkle Technology Rice University Massachusetts Institute of Technology David W. Leebron Rice University Ruth Simmons Brown University Edwin Thomas Rice University

LOCAL PROGRAM COMMITTEES 69 LOCAL PROGRAM COMMITTEES

LOS ANGELES NEW HAVEN Thomas Pollard PHILADELPHIA PROGRAM COMMITTEE PROGRAM COMMITTEE Yale University PROGRAM COMMITTEE Louis Geoffrey Cowan, Chair Frances McCall Douglas Rae Kathleen Hall Jamieson, University of Southern California Rosenbluth, Chair Yale University Cochair Yale University University of Pennsylvania Frances Hamilton Arnold Judith Resnik California Institute of Technology Thomas Appelquist Yale Law School Nora S. Newcombe, Cochair Yale University Temple University Austin Beutner John Roemer Vision to Learn Seyla Benhabib Yale University Philip P. Betancourt Yale University Temple University Gene D. Block Alan Schwartz University of California, John Carlson Yale Law School Nancy Bonini Los Angeles Yale University University of Pennsylvania Ian Shapiro Louise Henry Bryson Kang-i Chang Yale University Jonathan A. Epstein The J. Paul Getty Trust Yale University University of Pennsylvania, John Tully Perelman School of Medicine Albert Carnesale Margaret Clark Yale University University of California, Yale University Martha Farah Megan Urry Los Angeles University of Pennsylvania Stephen Darwall Yale University James Cuno Yale University; Frank F. Furstenberg, Jr. The J. Paul Getty Trust University of Michigan University of Pennsylvania Louis M. Gomez Michael Donoghue NEW YORK J. Larry Jameson University of California, Yale University PROGRAM COMMITTEE University of Pennsylvania Los Angeles Perelman School of Medicine Robert Ellickson Mark Kaplan, Chair Maria D. Hummer-Tuttle Yale Law School Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Jean-Michel Rabate The J. Paul Getty Trust Flom LLP & Affiliates University of Pennsylvania Alan Gerber Steven S. Koblik Yale University Thomas Bender Nathan Sivin The Huntington Library, New York University University of Pennsylvania Linda Greenhouse Art Collections, and Yale Law School Carol Gluck Botanical Gardens Columbia University Henry Hansmann Sherry Lansing Yale Law School Nicholas Lemann Sherry Lansing Foundation Columbia University Roger Howe John Lithgow Graduate School of Journalism Yale University Los Angeles, CA Martin L. Leibowitz John Langbein Chrysotomos L. Max Nikias Morgan Stanley Yale Law School University of Southern California Daniel Rose Joseph LaPalombara David W. Oxtoby Rose Associates, Inc. Yale University Pomona College Matthew Santirocco Mary Ellen Miller Thomas F. Rosenbaum New York University Yale University California Institute of Technology Kenneth L. Wallach Peter Perdue Annelia Isabel Sargent Central National Gottesman, Inc. Yale University California Institute of Technology Ernest James Wilson III University of Southern California

70 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 LOCAL PROGRAM COMMITTEES

PRINCETON ST. LOUIS Fred H. Gage WASHINGTON, D.C. PROGRAM COMMITTEE PROGRAM COMMITTEE Salk Institute for Biological PROGRAM COMMITTEE Studies Peter Brooks Larry Shapiro, Chair Steven Knapp, Chair Princeton University Washington University in Benedict H. Gross George Washington University St. Louis School of Medicine Harvard University Michael A. Cook Norman Augustine Princeton University Gerald Early Theodore Groves Lockheed Martin Corporation, ret. Washington University in University of California, Janet M. Currie David B. Brooks St. Louis San Diego Princeton University New York Times Company Lee Epstein Tony Hunter Jill Dolan A’Lelia Bundles Washington University in Salk Institute for Biological Princeton University Washington, District of Columbia St. Louis Studies Carol J. Greenhouse Mary Sue Coleman Kenneth Ludmerer Harvey J. Karten Princeton University Association of American Washington University in University of California, Universities Stanley Katz St. Louis School of Medicine San Diego School of Medicine Princeton University John J. DeGioia Emily Pulitzer David A. Lake Georgetown University Arthur Levine The Pulitzer Foundation University of California, Woodrow Wilson National for the Arts San Diego Donald Graham Fellowship Foundation Graham Holdings Company Peter Raven Thomas Levy Nolan McCarty Missouri Botanical Garden University of California, Sanford D. Greenberg Princeton University San Diego TEI Industries, Inc. Robert E. Ricklefs Harold Vincent Poor University of Missouri at St. Louis J. Andrew McCammon Irene Hirano Inouye Princeton University University of California, U.S.-Japan Council James Wertsch San Diego Marta Tienda Washington University in Alan I. Leshner Princeton University St. Louis Donald A. Norman American Association for the University of California, Advancement of Science Michael Wood Mark Wrighton San Diego Princeton University Washington University in Richard Meserve St. Louis Jerrold M. Olefsky Covington & Burling LLP; Froma I. Zeitlin University of California, formerly, Carnegie Institution Princeton University San Diego School of Medicine for Science SAN DIEGO Larry R. Squire Erin K. O’Shea PROGRAM COMMITTEE PROVIDENCE University of California, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Gordon N. Gill, Chair San Diego School of Medicine PROGRAM COMMITTEE Earl A. Powell III University of California, Jill Pipher, Chair Susan S. Taylor National Gallery of Art San Diego School of Medicine University of California, Brown University Rebecca W. Rimel Shu Chien San Diego School of Medicine Pew Charitable Trusts Rose McDermott University of California, Brown University Geoffrey M. Wahl San Diego Salk Institute for Biological Roger Sant The Summit Foundation Patricia Churchland Studies University of California, John B. West Victoria P. Sant San Diego University of California, The Summit Foundation Michael Cole San Diego School of Medicine Margaret C. Simms University of California, Urban Institute San Diego David J. Skorton Smithsonian Institution Patty Stonesifer Martha’s Table

LOCAL PROGRAM COMMITTEES 71 DISCUSSION GROUPS

Discussion Groups

Friday Forum

The Friday Forum series brings together academic and cultural leaders from the greater Boston area to discuss issues of timely concern, new books, and recently completed research. Typically on the first Friday of the month, participants gather at the House of the Academy for lunch, a short presentation by a featured speaker, and a group discussion moderated by Robert Camp- bell (architecture critic, The Boston Globe), chair of the Friday Forum.

MEETINGS

November 11, 2016 March 3, 2017 House of the Academy House of the Academy The Art of Rivalry: Four Friendships, Breakthroughs, The Most Dangerous Book: The Battle for James and Betrayals in Modern Art Joyce’s “Ulysses” Featured Speaker: Sebastian Smee (art critic, Featured Speaker: Kevin Birmingham (Harvard University) The Boston Globe) May 5, 2017 December 2, 2016 House of the Academy House of the Academy The Girl at the Baggage Claim: Explaining the Replacing Animal Testing Using Human East-West Culture Gap Organ-on-Chips Featured Speaker: Gish Jen (Writer) Featured Speaker: Donald Ingber (Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University; June 9, 2017 Harvard Medical School; Harvard John A. Paulson School House of the Academy of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Boston Children’s This African-American Life: A Memoir Hospital) Featured Speaker: Hugh Price (formerly, National Urban League) February 3, 2017 House of the Academy Democracy’s Detectives: Investigative Journalism in the Internet Age Featured Speaker: Ellen Hume (Journalist)

72 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 DISCUSSION GROUPS

Civic Discourse Discussion Series, initiated by the Boston-Cambridge Planning Committee

MEETINGS March 9, 2017 House of the Academy

February 13, 2017 #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Boston University Media Real Discussion in a Climate of Hot Partisanship Featured Speaker: Cass Sunstein (Harvard Law School) Featured Speaker: Virginia Sapiro (Boston University) April 12, 2017 House of the Academy February 28, 2017 House of the Academy Is the American Liberal Order Ending? Siloed Speech on Campus Featured Speaker: Joseph Nye (Harvard Kennedy School) Featured Speaker: Sherry Turkle (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

The Public Engagement Working Group

The Public Engagement Working Group, convened under communication experts, to draw lessons from historical case the auspices of the Public Face of Science initiative and led studies that could be applied to future efforts to develop public by James Haber (Brandeis University), provided a forum for a consensus on potentially controversial scientific developments. diverse group of scholars, including scientists, historians, and

MEETINGS April 13, 2017 House of the Academy

February 23, 2017 Case Study #2: Gene Editing House of the Academy Featured Speakers: Kevin Esvelt (mit Media Lab); Inaugural Meeting Richard O. Hynes (The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, mit); Sophia Roosth (Harvard University) Featured Speakers: James Haber (Brandeis University); Lisa Randall (Harvard University) May 11, 2017 House of the Academy March 30, 2017 House of the Academy Case Study #3: Atmospheric Pollution Case Study #1: Vaccines Featured Speakers: James Fleming (Colby College); Philip Duffy (Woods Hole Research Center) Featured Speakers: Barry Bloom (Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health); Seth Mnookin (Massachusetts Institute June 8, 2017 of Technology) House of the Academy Conclusions: Connecting to the Public Featured Speakers: Jennifer Hochschild (Harvard Univer- sity); David Kaiser (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

DISCUSSION GROUPS 73 MEMBER EVENTS

Member Events

BOULDER, COLORADO LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

March 20, 2017 *August 9, 2016 Boulder, CO Los Angeles, CA Member Gathering & Discussion: Commission on Los Angeles Program Committee Meeting the Future of Undergraduate Education November 13, 2016 Los Angeles, CA CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Meeting of Advisors to the Commission on the February 20, 2017 Future of Undergraduate Education University of Chicago Communicating Scientific Facts in an Age of *November 13, 2016 Los Angeles, CA Uncertainty Creative Forces in Entertainment and Science: Featured Speakers: Arthur Lupia (University of Michigan), Olufunmilayo I. Olopade (University of Chicago Medical The Unlikely and Invaluable Connection Center), Robert Rosner (University of Chicago); remarks by Featured Speakers: Sean M. Carroll (California Institute of Robert J. Zimmer (University of Chicago) Technology), Sherry Lansing (Sherry Lansing Foundation), John Lithgow (Actor, Recording Artist). Moderator: Geoffrey Cowan (University of Southern California) FLORIDA *July 18, 2017 January 14, 2017 Los Angeles, CA Naples, FL Los Angeles Program Committee Meeting Member Gathering

January 16, 2017 MADISON, WISCONSIN Palm Beach, FL Member Gathering December 14, 2016 University of Wisconsin-Madison Member Gathering IOWA CITY, IOWA Featured Speakers: Rebecca Blank (University of Wisconsin- Madison), Mary Sue Coleman (Association of American March 9, 2017 Universities) University of Iowa Member Gathering in conjunction with The Lincoln Project Forum

*Activity of a Local Program Committee

74 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 MEMBER EVENTS

Arthur Lupia, Jonathan F. Fanton, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, Thomas Rosenbaum, Katherine Faber, Eric D. Isaacs, and Robert Rosner and David Lee

Geoffrey Cowan, Sean M. Carroll, Sherry Lansing, and John Lithgow Diane Ackerman, Alan Alda, and Geneva Overholser

Newly elected members at Yale University: Scott Miller, Samuel Kortum, Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. and Nancy Andrews MEMBER EVENTS 75 Shelly Kagan, Mark Hochstrasser, and Peter Schuck MEMBER EVENTS

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT NEW YORK CITY

*November 7, 2016 December 12, 2016 Yale University New York, NY Reception for Members Morton L. Mandel Public Lecture Communicating Science Through Art *November 28, 2016 Featured Speakers: Diane Ackerman (Poet, Essayist), Yale University Alan Alda (Actor, Writer, Director). Moderator: Geneva Town Hall Meeting on the U.S. Elections Overholser (Democracy Fund; formerly, usc Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism) Featured Speakers: David Mayhew (Yale University), Susan Stokes (Yale University) December 12, 2016 New York, NY *December 16, 2016 Yale University Meeting of Advisors to the Commission on the Future of Undergraduate Education Research Presentations: Black Holes & Beethoven Hosted by Glenn Hutchins (North Island; Silver Lake) Featured Speakers: Meg Urry (Yale University), Craig Wright (Yale University) June 5, 2017 New York, NY *February 3, 2017 Yale University New Member Reception Courts and Law in the Age of Trump Featured Speaker: Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. (tiaa) Featured Speaker: Linda Greenhouse (Yale University) *June 15, 2017 New York, NY *February 27, 2017 Yale University New York Program Committee Meeting Computer-Aided Drug Discovery *June 26, 2017 Featured Speaker: William L. Jorgensen (Yale University) Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP New York, NY March 29, 2017 Livestream and Discussion: Challenging Corrupt Yale University Practices: America, Brazil, Globally Reception for Yale Members of the American Featured Speaker: Michael Sovern (Columbia University), Academy and the National Academies moderator Featured Speaker: Peter Salovey (Yale University) Via video: Sergio Fernando Moro (Thirteenth Federal Criminal Court, Curitiba, Brazil), Zephyr Teachout (Ford- *April 14, 2017 ham University School of Law), Mark L. Wolf (United States Yale University District Court for the District of Massachusetts), Robert I. Why Are There So Many Different Kinds of Leaves? Rotberg (Harvard Kennedy School; World Peace Foundation) Featured Speaker: Michael Donoghue (Yale University)

*May 17, 2017 Yale University New Member Reception

76 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 MEMBER EVENTS

Robert Millard, Alfred Spector, and Carl Pforzheimer Maria Jasin and Scott Keeney

Veerabhadran Ramanathan, Gordon N. Gill, and David G. Victor Elaine Sisman, Marty Fridson, and Pauline Yu

Scott D. Sagan, Joseph H. Felter, Paul H. Wise, and Debra Satz Jonathan F. Fanton and MEMBER EVENTS 77 Marc Tessier-Lavigne MEMBER EVENTS

PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND

November 16, 2016 May 9, 2017 Stanford University Brown University A Collective Moral Awakening: Ethical Choices in Member Gathering War and Peace Featured Speakers: Joseph Felter (Stanford University), Scott Sagan (Stanford University), Paul Wise (Stanford ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI University). Moderator: Debra Satz (Stanford University) February 10, 2017 Washington University in St. Louis March 8, 2017 Stanford University Member Gathering Livestream – 2017 Distinguished Morton L. Mandel Annual Public Lecture SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Ethics and the Global War on Terror: Can Conflicts with Non-State Actors Be Fought in a Just Way? *September 30, 2016 Moderator: Paul Wise (Stanford University) University of California, San Diego Via Video: Gabriella Blum (Harvard Law School), Neta San Diego Program Committee Meeting Crawford (Boston University), Jennifer Leaning (Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health), Allen S. Weiner (Stan- *November 15, 2016 ford Law School) University of California, San Diego Global Warming: Current Science, Future Policy May 4, 2017 Featured Speakers: Veerabhadran Ramanathan (University Stanford University of California, San Diego), David G. Victor (University of Barriers to International Scientific Collaboration California, San Diego). Moderator: Gordon N. Gill (Univer- Roundtable sity of California, San Diego School of Medicine) Featured Speakers: Ann Arvin (Stanford University), Arthur Bienenstock (Stanford University), Peter Michelson (Stan- *January 30, 2017 ford University) University of California, San Diego San Diego Program Committee Meeting PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY *February 13, 2017 *November 21, 2016 University of California, San Diego Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International The Future of Immigration Reform Affairs, Princeton University Featured Speakers: David FitzGerald (University of Califor- Where Do We Go From Here? Policy Priorities for nia, San Diego), Tom K. Wong (University of California, San the New Administration Diego). Moderator: David A. Lake (University of California, San Diego) Featured Speakers: Helen Milner (Princeton University), Ilyana Kuziemko (Princeton University), Brandice Canes- Wrone (Princeton University). Moderator: Nolan McCarty, *May 11, 2017 (Princeton University) University of California, San Diego Robotics: Their Promises for the 21st Century Featured Speaker: Henrik Christensen (University of Cali- fornia, San Diego). Moderator: Gordon N. Gill (University of California, San Diego School of Medicine)

78 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 MEMBER EVENTS

Jesse Ausubel, Nancy Peretsman, and Jonathan F. Fanton Helen Milner, Brandice Canes-Wrone, and Nolan McCarty

Paul LeClerc, Martha Abbott, Nancy McEldowney, and Jeannette M. Wing and Sylvester James Gates, Jr. Rubén Rumbaut

Richard A. Meserve, Mary Sue Coleman, Barry Posen, Francis J. Gavin, Stephen M. Walt, Leslie Vinjamuri, and MEMBER EVENTS 79 Alan I. Leshner, Joe Palca, and Matthew P. Scott Francesca Giovannini MEMBER EVENTS

SEATTLE, WASHINGTON *May 1, 2017 Houston, TX May 2, 2017 Houston Program Committee Meeting University of Washington The Lincoln Project Featured Speakers: Robert Birgeneau (University of Califor- WASHINGTON, D.C. nia, Berkeley), Ana Mari Cauce (University of Washington) *February 27, 2017 George Washington University SOUTH BEND, INDIANA Washington, D.C. Program Committee Meeting

March 8, 2017 February 28, 2017 University of Notre Dame National Press Club Livestream – 2017 Distinguished Morton L. Mandel Annual Release of New Academy Report Public Lecture America’s Languages: Investing in Language Ethics and the Global War on Terror: Can Conflicts Education for the 21st Century with Non-State Actors Be Fought in a Just Way? Featured Speakers: Paul LeClerc (Columbia University), Moderator: Tanisha Fazal (University of Notre Dame) Nancy McEldowney (Foreign Service Institute, U.S. Depart- Via Video: Gabriella Blum (Harvard Law School), Neta ment of State), Rubén Rumbaut (University of California, Crawford (Boston University), Jennifer Leaning (Harvard Irvine), Martha Abbott (American Council on the Teaching T.H. Chan School of Public Health), Allen S. Weiner (Stan- of Foreign Languages) ford Law School) March 8, 2017 George Washington University TEXAS Livestream – 2017 Distinguished Morton L. Mandel Annual Public Lecture *November 7, 2016 Houston, TX Ethics and the Global War on Terror: Can Conflicts with Non-State Actors Be Fought in a Just Way? Houston Program Committee Inaugural Meeting Moderator: Janne Nolan (The George Washington University) February 7, 2017 Austin, TX Via Video: Gabriella Blum (Harvard Law School), Neta Crawford (Boston University), Jennifer Leaning (Harvard Member Dinner & Discussion: Commission on the T.H. Chan School of Public Health), Allen S. Weiner (Stan- Future of Undergraduate Education ford Law School) Featured Speaker: Michael McPherson (formerly, Spencer Foundation) May 18, 2017 Carnegie Institution for Science February 8, 2017 Communicating Science in an Age of Disbelief Baker Institute, Rice University in Experts Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy in the Featured Speakers: Mary Sue Coleman (Association of New Administration American Universities), Alan I. Leshner (American Associ- Featured Speakers: Sylvester James Gates, Jr. (University ation for the Advancement of Science), Joe Palca (National of Maryland, College Park), Jeannette M. Wing (Columbia Public Radio), Matthew P. Scott (Carnegie Institution for University; formerly, Microsoft Research) Science). Moderator: Richard A. Meserve (Covington & Burling llp; formerly, Carnegie Institution for Science)

80 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 MEMBER EVENTS

Thomas Forest Kelly and members of Blue Heron

A Celebration of the Arts and Humanities, featuring Kim Kashkashian, Induction 2016 closing program, featuring Diane Ackerman, Mikhail Piotrovskiy, JoAnn Falletta, Eavan Boland, Yusef Temple Grandin on “Educating Students Who Komunyakaa, and Kongjian Yu Have Different Kinds of Minds”

2016 Induction Ceremony speakers Walter Isaacson, Jay D Keasling, Jennifer Hochschild, Lawrence Bobo, and MEMBER EVENTS 81 Andrea Louise Campbell, Terry A. Plank, and Theaster Gates, Jr. Charles Stewart III MEMBER EVENTS

CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS October 8, 2016 Harvard University August 9, 2016 Induction Ceremony House of the Academy

The Impact of Brexit: Populism, Inequality, October 9, 2016 Sovereignty, and the Future of the International House of the Academy Liberal Order Educating Students Who Have Different Kinds Featured Speakers: Francis J. Gavin (Massachusetts Insti- of Minds tute of Technology), Barry Posen (Massachusetts Institute Featured Speaker: Temple Grandin (Colorado State of Technology), Leslie Vinjamuri (Centre on Conflict, University) Rights and Justice, University of London; Chatham House), Stephen M. Walt (Harvard Kennedy School) *October 19, 2016 House of the Academy September 14, 2016 House of the Academy Reception for Members Capturing Music: The Technology of Medieval Sound November 2, 2016 Featured Speaker: Thomas Forest Kelly (Harvard Univer- House of the Academy sity). Performance by Blue Heron Meeting on Human Rights September 18, 2016 House of the Academy November 4, 2016 House of the Academy Film screening of Command and Control Luncheon & Discussion with Congressman September 26, 2016 Michael Capuano House of the Academy Featured Speaker: Michael E. Capuano (U.S. House of Public Face of Science Discussion Series Representatives) Steering Group Meeting November 10, 2016 House of the Academy September 29, 2016 House of the Academy Populism and the Future of American Politics Book Talk: Lesson Plan: An Agenda for Change in Featured Speakers: Lawrence Bobo (Harvard University), American Higher Education Jennifer Hochschild (Harvard University). Moderator: Charles Stewart III (Massachusetts Institute Featured Speaker: Michael McPherson (formerly, Spencer of Technology) Foundation)

*November 17, 2016 October 7, 2016 House of the Academy Harvard University Boston-Cambridge Program Committee Meeting A Celebration of the Arts and Humanities

November 18, 2016 October 8, 2016 House of the Academy House of the Academy Entartete Musik New Members’ Briefing on Academy Projects Chamber series in collaboration with the Cantata Singers and Studies

82 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 MEMBER EVENTS

Performance by the Cantata Singers

Carey Goldberg, Rebecca Saxe, Paula Hammond, and Saba James Cuno and Kwame Anthony Appiah Valadkhan

Jonathan F. Fanton, Talcott Parsons Prize recipient Joan Wallach Scott, Toni Morrison accepting the MEMBER EVENTS 83 Don M. Randel, and Laurel Thatcher Ulrich Emerson-Thoreau Medal MEMBER EVENTS

November 21, 2016 *March 23, 2017 House of the Academy Fish Family Foundation Luncheon Discussion with U.S. Special Envoy to Libya Boston, MA Featured Speaker: Jonathan Winer (U.S. Department of Boston Member Discussion: Global Security and State) Nuclear Issues

December 14, 2016 March 31, 2017 House of the Academy House of the Academy Winter Concert in Tribute to Leo L. Beranek Les Six Performance by the Boston Cello Quartet, featuring mem- Chamber series in collaboration with the Cantata Singers bers of the Boston Symphony Orchestra April 6, 2017 January 20, 2017 House of the Academy House of the Academy A Celebration of the Arts & Sciences: Presentation Weiner and Weill of the Emerson-Thoreau Medal & the Talcott Chamber series in collaboration with the Cantata Singers Parsons Prize Featured Speakers: Toni Morrison (Princeton University), February 15, 2017 Joan Wallach Scott (Institute for Advanced Study) House of the Academy Staged Reading and Discussion of “Paradise” by *April 10, 2017 Laura Maria Censabella House of the Academy in collaboration with the Catalyst Collaborative@mit Boston-Cambridge Program Committee Meeting Featured Speakers: Paula Hammond (Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology), Rebecca Saxe (Massachusetts Institute April 13, 2017 of Technology), Saba Valadkhan (Case Western Reserve House of the Academy University), Debra Wise (Catalyst Collaborative@mit; Are Animals Natural? Underground Railway Theater; Central Square Theater). Featured Speakers: Jonathan Losos (Harvard University), Moderator: Carey Goldberg (wbur) Harriet Ritvo (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

March 8, 2017 April 18, 2017 House of the Academy House of the Academy 2017 Distinguished Morton L. Mandel Annual Public Lecture Our Compelling Interests: The Value of Diversity for Ethics and the Global War on Terror: Can Conflicts Democracy and a Prosperous Society with Non-State Actors Be Fought in a Just Way? in collaboration with The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Featured Speakers: Gabriella Blum (Harvard Law School), wgbh, World Channel, and Princeton University Press Neta Crawford (Boston University), Jennifer Leaning (Har- Featured Speakers: Danielle Allen (Harvard University), vard T.H. Chan School of Public Health), Allen S. Weiner Earl Lewis (The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation), Deval (Stanford Law School) Patrick (Bain Capital Double Impact; former Governor of Massachusetts), Amy Schulman (Polaris Partners). Moderator: Liz Cheng (wgbh and World Channel)

84 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 MEMBER EVENTS

Concert featuring the Boston Cello Quartet Joseph Martin and Nancy C. Andrews

Deval Patrick, Amy Schulman, Earl Lewis, Danielle Allen, and Liz Cheng Kim Kashkashian and Laurence Lesser

MEMBER EVENTS 85 Margaret Marshall and Paula Giddings James McCarthy, Felton Earls, and Naomi Oreskes MEMBER EVENTS

April 19, 2017 INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS House of the Academy Local Advisors Briefing on the Commission on the Future of Undergraduate Education EDINBURGH, UNITED KINGDOM

*May 2, 2017 July 7, 2016 House of the Academy Scotland Member Gathering Reception for New Members

JERUSALEM, ISRAEL May 17, 2017 House of the Academy October 26, 2016 How Do We See? Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities Featured Speakers: Charles Gilbert (The Rockefeller Univer- Roundtable Discussion with Members in Israel sity), Dale Purves (Duke Institute for Brain Services). Moderator: Ken Nakayama (Harvard University) LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM May 17, 2017 House of the Academy November 29, 2016 Dangerous Escalations: Iran, Israel & the Trump Spencer House Doctrine London Member Reception Featured Speaker: David Menashri (Tel Aviv University) Featured Speakers: James Cuno (The J. Paul Getty Trust), Louise M. Richardson (University of Oxford), Jacob Roth- June 26, 2017 schild (Rothschild Foundation; rit Capital Partners ) House of the Academy Challenging Corrupt Practices: America, Brazil, BERLIN, GERMANY Globally Featured Speakers: Sergio Fernando Moro (Thirteenth December 2, 2016 Federal Criminal Court, Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil), Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation Zephyr Teachout (Fordham University School of Law), Berlin Member Gathering and Roundtable Mark L. Wolf (U.S. District Court for the District of Massa- Discussion chusetts). Moderator: Robert I. Rotberg (Harvard Kennedy School; World Peace Foundation) GENEVA, SWITZERLAND

June 14, 2017 Geneva Member Gathering

86 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 MEMBER EVENTS

Roundtable discussion with Academy members in Israel

Susan Hockfield, Patti Saris, and Daniela Rus Dale Purves, Ken Nakayama, and Charles Gilbert

MEMBER EVENTS 87 James Cuno, Lord Jacob Rothschild, Louise Richardson, and Jonathan F. Fanton at a reception in London for Academy members AFFILIATES OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY

Affiliates of the American Academy

he Affiliates program is a partnership between the Academy and leading Tcolleges, universities, and cultural and scientific organizations. The Affili- ates collaborate with the Academy by participating in its studies and by helping to support its efforts to advance the common good.

California Institute Amherst College Duke University of Technology Carolyn A. “Biddy” Martin, Richard H. Brodhead, Thomas F. Rosenbaum, President President President

Carnegie Institution Arizona State University Emory University for Science Michael M. Crow, Claire E. Sterk, Matthew P. Scott, President President President

City University Boston University Georgetown University of New York Robert A. Brown, John J. DeGioia, James B. Milliken, President President Chancellor

George Washington Bowdoin College Columbia University University Clayton S. Rose, Lee C. Bollinger, Steven Knapp, President President President

Brandeis University Cornell University The J. Paul Getty Trust Ronald D. Liebowitz, Martha E. Pollack, James Cuno, President President President and CEO

Brown University Dartmouth College Harvard University Christina Hull Paxson, Philip J. Hanlon, Drew Gilpin Faust, President President President

88 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 AFFILIATES OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY

Hebrew University Pennsylvania State Tufts University of Jerusalem University Anthony P. Monaco, Menahem Ben-Sasson, Eric J. Barron, President President President

Indiana University Pomona College University of Arizona Michael A. McRobbie, G. Gabrielle Starr, Ann Weaver Hart, President President President

University of British Johns Hopkins University Princeton University Columbia Ronald J. Daniels, Christopher L. Eisgruber, Santa J. Ono, President President President and Vice Chancellor

University of California, Lowell Observatory Rice University Berkeley W. Lowell Putnam IV, David W. Leebron, Carol T. Christ, Trustee President Chancellor

Massachusetts Institute Rutgers, The State University of California, of Technology University of New Jersey Davis L. Rafael Reif, Robert L. Barchi, Gary May, President President Chancellor

University of California, Michigan State University Smithsonian Institution Irvine Lou Anna K. Simon, David J. Skorton, Howard Gillman, President Secretary Chancellor Smithsonian Institution University of California, New York University Stanford University Andrew D. Hamilton, Marc Tessier-Lavigne, Los Angeles Gene D. Block, President President Chancellor

University of California, Northeastern University Syracuse University Riverside Joseph Aoun, Kent D. Syverud, Kim A. Wilcox, President Chancellor and President Chancellor

University of California, Northwestern University Texas A & M University San Diego Morton O. Schapiro, Michael K. Young, Pradeep Khosla, President President Chancellor

AFFILIATES OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 89 AFFILIATES OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY

University of Washington University University of Chicago Robert J. Zimmer, Nebraska-Lincoln in St. Louis President Ronnie D. Green, Mark S. Wrighton, Chancellor Chancellor

University of North University of Cincinnati Wellesley College Carolina at Chapel Hill Neville Pinto, Paula A. Johnson, Carol L. Folt, President President Chancellor

University of Florida University of Notre Dame Wesleyan University W. Kent Fuchs, Rev. John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., Michael S. Roth, President President President

University of Illinois University of Pennsylvania Yale University at Urbana-Champaign Amy Gutmann, Peter Salovey, Robert J. Jones, President President Chancellor

University of Maine University of Pittsburgh Susan J. Hunter, Patrick D. Gallagher, President Chancellor

University of Southern University of Maryland California Wallace D. Loh, C. L. Max Nikias, President President

University of Miami University of Virginia Julio Frenk, Teresa A. Sullivan, President President

Virginia Commonwealth University of Michigan University Mark S. Schlissel, Michael Rao, President President

Virginia Polytechnic Institute University of Minnesota and State University Eric W. Kaler, Timothy D. Sands, President President

90 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017

ACADEMY LEADERSHIP

BOARD OF DIRECTORS COUNCIL COUNCIL, continued TRUST, continued Nancy C. Andrews, Chair of Diane P. Wood, Chair Nancy C. Andrews, ex officio Steven S. Koblik the Board U.S. Court of Appeals, Duke University School of The Huntington Library, Duke University School of Medicine Seventh Circuit Medicine Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens Jonathan F. Fanton, President Thomas H. Bender Alan M. Dachs, ex officio American Academy of Arts New York University Fremont Group Tom Leighton and Sciences Akamai Technologies; Helen M. Blau Carl H. Pforzheimer III, Massachusetts Institute Diane P. Wood, Chair of the Stanford University ex officio of Technology Council; Vice Chair of the Board School of Medicine Carl H. Pforzheimer and Co. U.S. Court of Appeals, Richard A. Meserve Emery N. Brown Geraldine L. Richmond, Seventh Circuit Covington & Burling LLP; Massachusetts Institute ex officio formerly, Carnegie Institution Alan M. Dachs, Chair of the of Technology; University of Oregon for Science Trust; Vice Chair of the Board Harvard Medical School; Jonathan F. Fanton, ex officio Fremont Group Massachusetts General Hospital David Oxtoby American Academy of Arts Pomona College Geraldine L. Richmond, David D. Clark and Sciences Secretary Massachusetts Institute Susan Woods Paine University of Oregon of Technology Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Carl H. Pforzheimer III, James Cuno TRUST Carl H. Pforzheimer III Treasurer The J. Paul Getty Trust Alan M. Dachs, Chair Carl H. Pforzheimer and Co. Carl H. Pforzheimer and Co. Gordon N. Gill Fremont Group Anne Litle Poulet Kwame Anthony Appiah University of California, Philip Bredesen Frick Collection New York University San Diego School of Medicine Nashville, Tennessee Jerry Speyer Louise H. Bryson Carol Gluck Louise H. Bryson Tishman Speyer The J. Paul Getty Trust Columbia University The J. Paul Getty Trust Marcelo M. Suárez-Orozco Ira Katznelson Annette Gordon-Reed Louis W. Cabot University of California, Columbia University; Harvard University American Academy of Arts Los Angeles Social Science Research Council Linda Greenhouse and Sciences Samuel O. Thier Nannerl O. Keohane Yale Law School Ernest Cockrell Harvard Medical School Princeton University John Mark Hansen Cockrell Foundation; Kenneth L. Wallach John Lithgow University of Chicago Cockrell Interests, Inc. Central National-Gottesman, Inc. Los Angeles, California Ira Katznelson John F. Cogan, Jr. Nancy C. Andrews, ex officio Cherry A. Murray Columbia University; Pioneer Investment Management Duke University School of Harvard University Social Science Research Council USA, Inc. Medicine Venkatesh Narayanamurti Anthony A. Long Mark Fishman Jonathan F. Fanton, ex officio Harvard University University of California, Berkeley Harvard University American Academy of Arts and Sciences Don M. Randel Richard A. Meserve Arthur Gelb American Academy of Arts Covington & Burling LLP; Four Sigma Corporation Geraldine L. Richmond, and Sciences formerly, Carnegie Institution Michael E. Gellert ex officio for Science University of Oregon Larry Jay Shapiro Windcrest Partners Washington University in St. Louis Steven E. Miller Arthur L. Goldstein Diane P. Wood, ex officio Harvard Kennedy School U.S. Court of Appeals, Natasha Trethewey Ionics, Inc. Seventh Circuit Emory University Venkatesh Narayanamurti Rita Hauser Harvard University Walter B. Hewlett, emeritus Pauline Yu The Hauser Foundation William and Flora Hewlett American Council of Frances McCall Rosenbluth Stephen Heintz Foundation Learned Societies Yale University Rockefeller Brothers Fund E. John Rosenwald, Jr., Louis W. Cabot, Chair Robert Rosner Alberto Ibargüen emeritus Emeritus University of Chicago John S. and James L. Knight J.P. Morgan American Academy of Arts and Alfred Z. Spector Foundation Sciences Two Sigma Investments

100 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, MEETINGS & DONORS TO THE ACADEMY \\ 2017 american academy of arts & sciences Norton’s Woods 136 Irving Street Cambridge, ma 02138-1996 usa telephone 617-576-5000 facsimile 617-576-5050 email aaas @ amacad . org website www . amacad . org @americanacad