Communist Party ,Entral Committee. On

Communist Party ,entral Committee. On arrival each memb,_ of the committee received a note-book with the fiat of the films, documents, photographs, tapes, and other proofs of the charges against the USSR and the ' KGB. Mikhail Roy was included in them.

Raul declared that the anti-Castro activities had been carried out since mid-1966. The Soviets had managed -to infiltrate'into the Ministry of Industry, the newspaper GRANMA, Radio Havana, the university, the Academy of Sciences, the fruit and tobacco industries, the offices of the Central Committee, and even into the Armed Forces Ministry, itself, headed by Raul Castro. The principal agents cf the USSR were the old communists who had escaped the Escalante purge.

John Barron writes, textually: "But Raul spoke with greater fury about the Soviet representatives who allied themselves with the anti-Castro faction, and named numerous KGB officers. Among them were Rudolf P. Shlyapnikov, second secretary of the Soviet Embassy; Mikhail Roy of NOVOSTI; another "journalist," Vadim Lestov; and various DGI advisers, whom Raul referred to only by their Spanish aliases.

"Relating that two Cuban communists had held meetings with KGB officer Roy" at a street corner in the Vedado (section of Havana) and had taken a long drive in the automobile of the Soviet "journalist," Raul declared: "If anybody wants to ask someone ordinary questions, he invites him to his home or goes to his, to his office, or some other place; but when someone is involved in conspiratorial activities...utilizing the classic method of collecting information, then one arranges a meeting on a street corner and-then takes a long leisurely drive.

As a result of these street corner rendezvous, leisurely automobile drives, and other activities, Escalante, the pro-Soviet conspirator whom Castro had permitted to return, was sentenced to 15 years in jail; and Roy, Shlyapnikov, Lestov, and other Soviets were expelled at the end of 1967.

But Castro was destabilized. In the spring of 1968; the Soviets cut . off his oil supply..and he had to go to Moscow to submit. And the KGB has converted the DGI, which smashed its last plot, into one of its most powerful international weapons.

Thelournalists" Roy and Lestov spent a few months in Moscow recharging their batteries. A short while later a new job opportunity opened up for. them.

The Club of Expellees

In the last edition of the Diplomatic List of Torre Tagle there are 27 USSR representatives. Seven of them appear in Barron's book as KGB agents: Arseni.Fedorovich Orlov, Boris Nicolaevich Voskoboynikov, Sergei Alekseevich Yangaykin, Mikhail Roy, Vladislav Komushkin, Yuri A. Veselov and Alexander D. Morosov. According to Barron, Voskoboynikov was expelled from Mexico, Yangaykin (in the photo) from Uruguay, Roy from Cuba, Veselov from the Congo and Morosov from Argentina.

In 52 appendix pages, John Barron includes a list of more than 2,000 KGB officers stationed all over the world with their career and service records. The author says that this file of agents was made up of all the names of Soviets whose clandestine operations have been detected by two or more sources. Some more than once. Official reports of ex- pulsions and statements by former KGB spies, such as Yuri Nosenko and Petr Deriabin, permitted Barron to refine his roster.

Of special interest are the names of KGB agents with experience and service in Latin America. Particularly what could comprise an Expellees Club from Latin American countries. In that latter club are:' ABIALIEV,4 Mikhail S.: expelled from Venezuela 1952. AKSENOV, Nicolai Mexico 49-53 and 56-59; expelled 1959. ALYABYEV, Mikhail S.: expelled from Venezuela 1952. AMOSOV, Igor Alexandrovich: Cuba 1968; expelled

29 ( from the V . States 1954. BELCUS, Nicolai Andre J: expelled from Argentina . .); ambassador Colombia 1968. BOLSHAK04, Alexander V.: cnpclIce frc.m nexieo 19:1. BYKOV, Nicolai Demidovich: Mexico 1954-1959; expelled 1959. DEMIDOV, Nicolai V.: expelled from Argentina 1961. DIAXANOV, Dimitri Alekseevich: expelled from Argentina 1959, from Mexico 1971. FILATOV, Aleksander S.: expelled from Cuba 1952. FILATOV, Robespier Nicolaevich: expelled from Ecuador 1971. GLOTOV, Viktor R.: Mexico, Venezuela and Uruguay; expelled from Uruguay 1968. GULUZIN, Valentin Andreevich: expelled from Ecuador 1971. GUSIN, Valentin: expelled from Ecuador 1971. IVASHOV, Vasili Yegorovich: expelled from Argentina 1959. KHURBATOV, Georgi Alekseevich: expelled from Colombia 1972. KOBYSH, Vitali Ivanovich: expelled from Brazil 1966. KOLESNIKOV, Mikhail: expelled from Colombia 1964.

Also, KOSTINOV, Valeri Vladimirovich: expelled from Mexico 1968. KRYLOV, Lev V.: expelled from.Venezuela 1952. LADYGIN, Anatoli Ivanovich: expelled from Uruguay 1968. LESTOV, Vadim: expelled from Cuba 1967. LOGINOV, Valentin: expelled from Mexico 1971. LYUKSHIN, Ilya P.: expelled from Uruguay 1966. MAMONTOV, Yuri Leonidovich: expelled from Argentina 1970. MATUKHIN, Georgi Bavrilovich: expelled from Uruguay 1968. MEDNIKOV, Victor N.: expelled from Mexico 1969. MOROZOV, Alexander D.: expelled from Argentina 1956. NECHIPORENKO, Oleg Naximovich: expelled from Mexico 1971. OPEKUNOV, Alexander Dmitrevich: expelled from Mexico 1971. OPEKUNOV, Alexander Dmitrevich: expelled from Colombia 1964. Remizov, Nicolai Matveevich: expelled from Mexico 1959. ROMANOV, Leonid Mikhailovich: expelled from Mexico 1959. ROY, Mikhail: expelled from Cuba 1967. RYABOV, Yuri Ivanovich: expelled from Argentina 1970. SAMOYLOV, Mikhail K.: expelled from Uruguay 1961. SERGEYEV, Vladimir Yefimovich: expelled from Mexico 1969. SHANDRIN, Anatoli Mikhailovich: expelled from Ecuador 1971. SHLYAPNIKOV, Rudolf P.: expelled from Cuba 1967. SHOLOKHOV, Igor Y.: expelled from Bolivia 1972. SHVETS, Vladimir Fedorovich: expelled from Uruguay 1966. VOSKOBOYNIKOV, Boris Nicolaevich: expelled from Mexico 1971. YAKUSHEV, Nicolai Petrovich: expelled from Venezuela 1952. YAI:USHEVA, Alexandra Georeevna: expelled from vpno,".1. 1952 vemnevKIN, Alckscavich: expelled from Uruguay 1966. ZAVORIN, Ivan Panfilovich: expelled from Argentina 1959.. ZUDIN, Andrei A.: expelled from Uruguay 1966.

The list includes scores of other KGB officers, identified as such but who have not been expelled.

Several of them, as for example, Sergei ROMANOV, Alexander SHITOV (alias Alexander ALEXEEV, former ambassador to Cuba), Nicolai DYUKOV, Vladimir KISELEV, Mikhail ROY, Sergei YANGAYKIN, and Vadim LESTOV are serving in or have served in Peru.

r WELT AM SONNTAG, Hamburg - 24 November 1974 REPORT ON THE KGB: THE SWORD OF THE 1)RLD REVOLUTION

/Review by Henk Ohnesorge of Book "KGB-.Work and Organization of Soviet Intelligence Service in East and West" by &Jul Barrog

LText7 It is not too frequent that a book published abroad leads to an inquiry in the FRG Bundestag. John Barron's "KGB" is one such book because it contains a list of "Soviet citizens involved in secret assignments abroad." Scme names on this list in turn surfaced as those of persons with diplomatic status in the FRG -- a fact noted by the opposition.

The book receives a permanent currency from the kind of espionage that has virtually become an everyday affair in our country. It offers visible proof for the discrepancy between the mouthing of detente from the east and the activity of eastern intelligence services, for the most credulous to see.

What is being spread before us here is apt to make the most cold-blooded contemporaries' flesh creep. Barron and his coworkers had the opportunity either to interview all postwar KGB defectors, except two, or to read their reports. Some "inserts" -- such as the killingsof the Ukrainian exile politicians in the FRG -- did become widely known here but were forgotten just as fast. Here now, case follows case.

This probably unique material makes it possible for the author to trace and document, almost without a gap, the domestic and foreign policy objectives of the KGB until 1973. Simply stater), they are to penetrate the ideological enemy every day at any cost and by any reans. For the approximately 500,000 members of the, probably, largest intelligence service in the world, the question of any king of "sentimentalism" never even comes up.

The book is intentionally written for laymen, with dialogs, a great amount of detail and sometimes in the style of a spy thriller. Its readability does not vitiate its authenticity;

Another aspect is the presentation of the KGB as a state within a state, controlling everything, with its own spoilt caste of functionaries, practic directly responsible to the chairman of the Politburo. Foreign assignments are only a part, if an important part, of KGB activities. In contrast to the intelligence services of other dictatorships -- as Barron convincingly proves -- the KGB has managed to penetrate all domains of private and public •‘ 1... life in the Soviet Union and also to bring it about, for example, that its grc members, under various kinds of cover, are attached to Soviet diplomatic posts. abroad. (For that reason Soviet diplomatic posts abroad have much more personnel than have their host countries in Moscow). Pensive thoughts especially also are roused by what has been called, with some dash, the "Secret KGB Textbook." :These are regulations on recruiting Americans as spies against their own country, their use as unwitting informants, and the exploitation of any kind of human weakness as pressure. At least this chapter, one should wish to see become mandatory reading in the West for anyone in intelligence, no matter how insignificant his poSition. Equally necessary seems to be to deal with what is said about the technique of disinformation and the poisoning of public opinion by the KGB -- techniques by which, time and again, experienced Western journalists and politicians get trapped. This is a necessary and at the same time very frightening book, with one thing in it only that may cause a smile, that is to say, the list of agents cr. which one can suddenly discover Soviet journalists with whom one has indeed dealt on a collems-to-colleague basis in the Press Club. Yet even this personal experience demonstrates something about the organization's heirg everywhere, seeing itself, with some justification, as the shield and Sword cf the CP3U and thus of a -- merely postponed -- world revolution. 32 ossmva (LoNno. lb JULY 19714 Big brother Per by EDWARD CRANKSHAW is applied- to the businissof KGB by John Barron espionage, subversion, sabotage, (Hodder and ardrtfiton f425) • disinformation, throughout the =101014•11•sw globe. MR BARRON is a senior editor There are a great many facts. of Readers Digest and this The KGB apparatus with its comes out in the style and formidable hierarchy of Chief I arrangement of his book. But Directorates divided Into innu- what at first sight might appear merable special departments to be a colourful compilation of covering every conceivable field Soviet cloak and dagger stories of destructive activity is laid is, in fact, the product of a very open and exposed in detail. serious investigation: a sober Many hundreds of agents are and valuable study of the extra- named. The bare bones of the territorial activities of the larg- organisation are given flesh by est and nastiest of all secret vignettes of routine activities services. The sensationalism lies selected to illustrate the moral, in the subject, not in Mr climate in which it operates. Barron's treatment of it. But this is only a beginning. The KGB lineal successor of Mr Barron's --main . concern is. Lenin's Cheka and Stalin's GPU, to illustrate with carefully; is the fine flower of a conspira- chosen episodes the whole! torial system of government, the gamut of the KGB's compulsive,I instrument threrigh which the sometimes insane industry.I Soviet leadership maintains These range from major politi-j itself in power. Its present chief, Mr Andropov, sits on the Polit- cal interventions in unsettled; buro presided over by Mr Baits of the world to the Brezhnev. Before he became 'laborious and infinitely patient head, policeman Andropov :compromising with a view to secured his niche in the hall of blackmail of a senior French shame when, as Ambassador to diplomat with a taste for girls ' Hungary in 1956, he double- from exercises in classical crossed Imre Nagy and lured espionage, such as the one which General Maleter -with promises resulted in the successful pens-, of negotiation and assurances of tration of the strongroom of the safe conduct to his death. headquarters of the American' Mr Barron has performed a communications system for • useful service by surveying in its Europe, to the inside story of entirety the huge and costly various assassination attempts, apparatus commanded by this some successful, some not. disgusting man, thus exposing But Mr Barron brings the the organic connection between KGB directly into our own life, I. the bread and butter activity too, as he shows their agents,-dis... of his army of domestic opera- guised as diplomats, supervising tives, which is straightforward the systematic feeding of false repression, and the high fantasy information, the winning of the', which marks so many of the confidence of highly placed KGB's exploits outside Russia. individuals by flattering their Thanks to the courage and per- vanity, the seduction of harmless sistence of a handful of Soviet girl secretaries—all for Lenin critics of the regime, we have and Mr Brezhnev. lately been given more than a Much of Mr Barron's.• infor- • glimpse of the sheer weight of motion has been available in this hidden body as it presses on bits and pieces before now butt the lives of every Soviet citizen. there is a very great deal that' What could be more telltale is new. He has had ¢cress to than the abject spectacle of KGB defectors who have never high - sounding professional before spoken openly, and he , organisations — from the Aca- has been helped by the Intelli- demy of Sciences to the Union gence services of the Western of Writers—instantly, at a word Powers. He is so accurate from the KGB, turning on some where I myself have been able of their most distinguished members, denouncing them in to check his facts that I accept terms of the gutter, depriving as truth what I' did not know d•em- of their means of liveli- before. For the general reader hood, casting them into the his book will be a revelation and outer darkness—all to save their a warning. Detente, yes, of own careers ? What Mr Barron course. But trust ? No. not at all. , has above all done is to show Mr Brezhnev may beam but what happens when this weight Mr Andropov is watching you. lef 0 r • V I Rowland Evans and Robert Novak The KGB's Resistance To Soviet Detente

When news of the arrest of Lee Har- form of spying. vey Oswald for the assassination of To protect the rapidly growing Soviet President Kennedy reached Soviet trade bureaucracy, from ideological leaders and the boss of the dread taint, the Kremlin has installed as head KGB. the vast Soviet secret police ap- of the Soviet chamber of commerce paratus, a bomber was immediately a top KGB official named Yevgennl dispatched from Moscow to Minsk by Petrovich Pitovranov. the frightened Kremlin. "The contradiction between the pub- The purpose: To retrieve Oswald's lic politics of detente and the secret secret dossier in the KGB's office in machinations of the KGB," writes Bar- Minsk (where Oswald had lived before ron, "can be seen in the realm of trade. returning to the U.S. in June, 1962) and While the Soviet Union solicits broader fly it to Moscow for inspection. Terri- commercial ties with the West, the fied Kremlin leaders feared that the KGB prepares to prevent these ties for dossier might conceivably disclose its own familiar purposes by installing "some relationship" between the assas- Pitovranov and other officers as.over- sin and the KGB. seers of the chamber of commerce." As it turned out to the Kremlin's vast relief, according to KGB defector Yuri Nosenko's version in a new, soon to be published book on Soviet secret intelligence, the file showed no link. Nevertheless, this association between KGB and Oswald was another near miss when the independent operations of the mighty Soviet secret police threatened disruption of world peace against the Kremlin's announced policy--a danger more prevalent in today's era of detente. Writes author John Barron: "Nosenko states that two panels of psy- chiatrists independently examined Or wald at KGB behest and each concluded that, though. not insane, he was abnormal. Accordingly, the KGB ordered that Oswald be watched but not recruited .. ." Oswald returned to the U.S. in June, 1962, then sought re-entry to the Soviet Union via the. Soviet embassy In Cuba in September, 1963. When the KGB blocked his return, he went to Dallas Every Kremlinologist knows of the to prepare for his terrible deed. KGB's deep peneration into Soviet life. That episode is brought to light in But disturbing questions about its Barron's authoritative expose of the Kremlin influence are raised by Bar- pervasive, international spy network. ron's study, which has been commend- "KGB: The Secret Work of Soviet Se- ed by Ray S. Cline, former U.S. Central cret Agents" (Readers Digest Press) is tral Intelligence Agency official and the first definitive study of this for- State Department intelligence boss, as eign espionage and internal state po- "the most authenitc account of the lice apparatus written with assistance KGB I have ever seen:" of Western governments, including the Thus, on Sept. 6, 1964, Barron writes, US., West Germany, the Netherlands KGB agents fired a poison-pistol at a and Great Britain. West German technician, sent from The reason for this unaccustomed Bonn to "cleanse" the Moscow embassy help is in Itself significant. After years of KGB microphones. The technician of shrouding the public from scrutiny almost died from the invisible injection of Soviet spying, Western governments of nitrogen mustard gas. have come to realize little if any na- As a result of that attack, the Bunn f tional security of the Western powers government angrily cancelled an invita- is involved. Obviously, KGB has all tion to then Party Secretary Nildta the threads of its own operations and Khrushchev to visit West Germany, a would learn nothing from disclosure. visit expected to result in a Soviet bid There is, moreover, a second, more for detente. Within five weeks, ominous reason for the new desire by Khrushchev was fired and detente was Western security agencies to have more delayed for nearly six years. information made public on vast KGB The connection between the event in -t om operations. This Is the fact that KGB, Moscow and Khrushchev's downfall is confronting internal resistance to the conjectural, but. KGB's power to Communist system arising from the thwart Khrushchev's step toward de- Kremlin's policy of detente and ex- tente was indisputably clear. That is panding contacts with the West. is one of Barron's chilling conclusions: growing larger, more oppressive and KGB. pushing the hardest of hard \ more dangerous. lines, has an impact all its own on Consider these facts: The London- Kremlin actions abroad. based Institute for the Study of Con- Yet, argues Barron. it carries total flicts reported in 1973 that Soviet immunity. "Dismantlement of the agents in Western European countries KGB would remove the very founda- increased from 1,485 ten years ago to tion of Soviet society," he writes, 2,146 last year. Three out of every ''foundations laid by Lenin more than four accredited Soviet 'diplomats" in half a century ago." vro countries are engaged in some

NL.sweek, March 1, 971 NATIONAL AFFAIRS

n, aguill. 11 the lilissians had re- Gouger did the room up is C.hippen- cruited linr, as a spy, the reasoning ran, dale—an eighieentlneentury style that they would have advised him to stay in had been excluded by the KVIIIIedy ex- the. Nlarine Corps, where he had some urb IWC:111S0 the White House wasn't access to military secrets. if they bac' built until the early nineteenth century. hired him as a killer, they wouldn't have ven, Tore, say Conger's sent hint to Texas with no money and a • critics,E is teat the !wavier shapes of Chip- Russian wife. / voluble or Duncan Pliyfe may soon lint the tniestion remained—did Os- invade the Green Room, whiell now wald, when he got to Nloscow on a tour- features delicate, Federal-style furniture. ist visa in October 1959, volunteer any ("Too leggy," says Conger.) Particu- information that helped the Russians lads. heinous, they feel, is Conger's shoot down Gary 1'0%s-cis's U-2 plaile replacement in the Green Room of the over Sverdlovsk six months later? The 1797 John Shaw-designed Annapolis sec- possibility seemed farfetched, but the retary desk—a prize Kennedy piece—with commission, in its hearings, brought out a Baltimore secretary-bookcase, emblaz- two provocative facts. (1) Oswald, in oned with a gold eagle. Conger explains 1937-58, served as a radar operator a Hutt the eagle snakes the Baltimore piece two bases from which 1.1-2 planes oper- a better prop for the Nixons who like to ated—Atsugi, Japan, and Cubi Point, near be photographed in the Green Room, Manila, and (2) when he first•visited the hilt his critics find it "gaudy" and "corny." U.S. Embassy in Moscow he intimated They arc especially of by Con- he knew "something of special interest" ger's installation of electric lights in the that he planned to tell the Russians. bookcase to illuminate a set of Fitzhugh One paper among the 1,555 numbered Chinese porcelain export, initialed "A.J." documents in the Warren commission —presumably for Andrew Jackson. ("If files was obviously addressed to that you've done any research at all," sniffs question. Commission Document No. 931, one of the Kennedy consultants, "you'd a memorandum from CIA director Rich- Oswald and wife in Russia: No secrets .• know that Andrew Jackson hated Chi- ard Helms to FBI director J. Edgar Hoo- nese porcelain.") ver, was indexed "Lee Harvey Oswald's Helms 's contention that Oswald was Genteel: Inevitably, the resentment access to classified information about the "unlikely" to understand the implications of Conger touches on his style of U-2," But the memo itself was labeled of the U-2 is itself unlikely to satisfy acquisition and his habit of airing the "secret" and locked in the vault-like critics of the Warren commission, Neither prices of his purchases. "I don't think it's "Classified Records Area" of the National will new tidbits of information in the very tastefully done," says one critic. Archives, along with 389 other reports other declassified papers. One long-anti- "When Mrs. Kennedy was there it was that the commission never made public. cipated "secret" CIA report on "Soviet all done in a scholarly, genteel maven" Scratched: Last week, more than six Use of Assassination and Kidnaping" is Also irksome is Conger's willingness to years after the Warren commission was little more than a rehash of known mur- take things on loan from dealers—a prac- disbanded, the 'Helms-to-Hoover memo ders and abductions by the Russian tice eschewed during the Kennedy and finally surfaced as the National Archives, security police in the 1950s, with a con- Johnson administrations. "It's bad for the after a year-long review with the CIA, clusion by one ex-KGB agent that it was antique market," insists one detractor. FBI- and other agencies, quietly scratched "highly unlikely" Moscow would order "Any dealer would like to say this piece the "secret" and "confidential" labels the liquidation of a U.S. President. graced the White House at one time from 83 commission documents. The new- Grisly Reminders: Along with tran- only to put a higher price tag on it." ly declassified material, examined by scripts of four of the commission's eleven If Conger is disturbed by the pique NEWSWEEK'S Charles Roberts, shed little meetings, some 300 documents remain lie has provoked, he doesn't show it. light on the assassination but did provide classified—kept in a room behind a com- "I'm a stickler for accuracy," he told an answer of sorts to the U-2 riddle. bination lock that only three archivists NEWSWEEK'S Nancy Ball evenly, and he In his memo to I hoover, dated May 13, arc permitted to open. One, a CIA re- claims to have passed what might be re- 1904, Helms tartly dismissed a letter port, bears the intriguing title "Soviet garded as the acid test of his accom- from the FBI director suggesting that Brainwashing Techniques." Another is a plishments—the recent; brief return of Oswald may have compromised the CIA's report on the FBI's interrogation of Yuri Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis herself to spy plane. His rejection of Hoover's in- Nosenko, a KGB agent who defected to the White House. "She liked everything quiry, however, was based almost en- the U.S. ten weeks after the assassina- she sass'," says Conger, "which I think tirely on his assertion that U-2s operated tion. Also on the green metal shelves are was really quite a compliment." at Atsugi and Cubi Point from hangar such grisly reminders of Dallas as Presi- areas that were inaccessible to Oswald. dent Kennedy's bullet-pierced jacket. INVESTIGATIONS: Conceding that "there were nimors and Oswald's rifle, the autopsy pictures, the gossip" about the U-2s and that Oswald bullet that tell from John Connally's "could have heard such gossip," Helms stretcher and even the - movie camera Oswald and the U-2 maintained "there is no information to with which dress manufacturer Abraham Among the countless questions left un- indicate, nor is there reason to believe" Zapruder filmed the assassination. answered in 196.1 when the Warren com- that Oswald obtained "factual knowl- Barring a court order—three suits are mission %mind up its ten-month investi- edge" of the U-2 or its mission. now pending against the government un- gation of the assassination of President Obviously annoyed at his rival intelli- der the Freedom of Information Act— Kennedy was one that piqued scholars gence chief, Helms pointed out that his the archives will not conduct another and assassination bids alike: did Lee agency's U-2 "did not gain worldwide "declassification review" until 1975. Of i- Harvey Oswald, when he defected to notoriety" until the ill-fated Powers mis-. dals who have seen the still-sequestered the Soviet Union, deliver any secrets sion. "literefore," he wrote, "it is highly documents scoff at the idea they would about America's U-2 spy plane? unlikely that the term 'U-2' would have incriminate anyone other than Oswald. 1,, its massive Report and Hearings, meant anything to Oswald, even if he "But as long as there is one piece of er,norisiog 'wade 10.7 million words, bad heard it and had been able to iden- paper still locked up," one archivist ob- the COMII dismissed, on good evi- tify the term with any aircraft at Cull served, "there will be somebody insisting dence, the notion that Oswald was ever Point, Atsugi or anywhere else." that it holds the key to the assassinati5,ln." • • 144(.--Jasi--41-. "7/74-I --717 1 Waahington Ososcrwzr Newzlettcr 15 May 1569

r•-11/S' On the heels of the bizarre Carrison unpaid FBI informant. Ituoy ■ jumper at :la: v;:iwec. •- -fi Case collapse the New York Times . In early 1933 Ruby was given final approval, c"...1717.7 Magazine of April 20 carried an ar- and assigned an informant's number and •-‘,-- • •••• = tide by jFK assassination author file Wallas is DL-1234, New Yorl; NY-1234, etc.) This Edward .Iav Epstein titled "The Final Chapter in was made known to the Dallas police, the Assassination Controversy?" Epstein conclud- and the already familiar Ruby became a privileged per- ed that this ends the investigation era of the Ken- sonage with the local boys in blue. nedy killing and that future speculation will rest with authors and historians. In Washington, Ruby's informant file was immediately pulled, and all evidence that he was as- Amazingly, one key factor in the case has never sociated with the FBI at the time he shot Oswald come before the public, and has been effectively was destroyed. hushed even within official circles. • . That factor is the reason why Jack Ruby was It must be emphasized that the FBI was not' given the run of the Dallas police headquarters, ..at fault here, and was caught in a situation that even during the top-security attempt to move Lee would not have been in the national interest hacl. ' •Harvey Oswald to a safer haven. - it come to light in those trying days. The FBI and every like agency throughout history has had From the moment Ruby fircd the fatal bullet to deal with the shady likes of Jack Rub into Lee Harvey Oswald's guts the world press y in order to retain its effectiveness. Sometimes :nese con- and opinion makers came down on the Dallas cops . tacts go sour, and then they must be completely with the most vindictive wrath. They were ac- disavowed. cused of total incompetence and worse, the scorn- But over five years have elapsed since that •. ful attacks continuing to this day. .. weekend of bloodshed and hysteria, and in all fair-lso Chief Curry and Chief Inspector Fritz, among ness to the Dallas police the truth of Jack Ruby's •other key members of the Dallas police force ( con- unmolested presence deserves to be known. Also, sidered one of the better law enforcement bodies • it is a part of history, and it is the job of every . in the nation) sat in enraged frustration as the - journalist to. tell what he knows when the na- . attacks poured in. Ftir they knew why Ruby was tional interest can no longer be prejudiced. .- - allowed free run of the police station. 0 This is why WAsrn OISSEaVE3 Nzwsr_rT.nt . Jack Ruby's role in that traumatic November, believes it is in the national interest to break this 196:3,- weekend began approximately a year and exclusive and significant stmr-another "first" •a half earlier, in New Orleans. At that time the for WO. FBI agent assigned to the French Quarter had . become involved with a local lady of pleasure. In such cases the Bureau yanks the agent and relocates him as soon as the situation becomes known in Washington. . The agent was shifted to Dallas, and shortly thereafter a memo was sent to the Dallas office •instructing that each agent cultivate four new informants. The ex-New Orleans man, possibly be- ' cause of his French Quarter background, gravi- - tated to Dallas' Commerce Street, the center of the city's strip joints and cheap bars. • He of course cruised the Carousel Club, owned -. by the Chicago-born cop buff and self-styled tough character, Jack Ruby. The agent cultivated Ruby and eventually felt him out on becoming an - :4 1

1 U. S. Will Let Russians See Defector Nossenk6 Moscow Seeks Details of Desertion; Authorities Here Puzzled by Furor

BY the Associated Press The Soviet Union has asked that its officials be permitted to see Yuri I. Nossenko, a Soviet secret police officer who defected to the United States, and State Department officials said today that arrangements will be made to meet the Soviet request. The Moscow government has now protested against Mr. Nossenko's defection and has also asked the United States for information as to how it - happened. The protest was registered j has!man received said today no instructions his delegation "so in Moscow tnday by Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko with, far"He refused to walk to out confirm of the ortalks. deny United States Ambassador Foy: a report that chief Soviet nego- D. Kohler. 3.1r. Kohler promptly reported tiator Semyon K. Tsarapkin and to Washington. Authorities here, his staff were about to pack '4eclined to release details but their bags to return to Moscow4 indicated that Mr. Gromyko Information Requested' . had taken the line that the , Prior to Mr. Gromyko's meet!: United States Government was ing with Ambassador Kohler'Fi rresponsible for Mr. Nossenko's : today the Soviet government •I behavior. Washington Puzzled had gent a note to Washington Washington authorities pH...circumstances!asking for information under which as to Mr. the vately concede they are puzzled I Nossenko came into the hands by the excitement which the i Soviet government appears of the United States. to be building up over what Wash-1 The Soviet note, informants ington officials had considered: : an interesting but not especially said, also declared that Soviet extraordinary defection case. representatives would like to see the Some wonder whether the defector. State Depart- Soviets may be using the Nos ment informants said the senko incident at a take - ' ed States would see thatUnit- 'for an attack on off point ar- I the 1 rangements were made to meet Geneva disarmament the Soviet request. ence. Mr. Mossenko wasconfer- on Mr. Nossenko has asked for assignment as a member of the asylum in the United States, the oviet delegation at Geneva State Department announced ehen he defected. earlier this week. The request In Geneva, a Soviet spokes- under consideration, officialfiis said. r • The New York Times rarfazi__ 20 April 1969(

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L7 ED1.7.E.17.1D 711.'`.: 1.-...?:=.1-2T - • 71EWERS or television talk — ..-.0 • I the talk-show circuit and which be V shows are no doubt wondering Lg until the time of the trial it came a No. I best seller around the whatever happened to Mark self, newspapers and commentators time that Garrison started launching me, Mort Sahl and other assassi- were more accommodating about his own investigation in December. ition specialists who periodically allowing Garrison the sort of promi- 1966. Soon after, news of Garrison's ,ed to make revelations about the nent coverage he so eagerly sought. probe became public and Lane went .ecret evidence" that New Orleans To be sure; it is in the best tradition : to New Orleans to consult the district istrict Attorney Jim Garrison had, of objective journalism to report the attorney and to compare notes. - space to both news and give.equal Shortly after that, in a speech politically inspired conspiracy be- .sides in a controversy, and no doubt fore the Young Men's Business Clubbe- nd the assassination of President many reporters, who were pf-rsonally of New Orleans, Lane declared that ennedy. they may be wondering skeptical about Garrison's motives. .Jim Garrison had "presented his case 3out Garrison himself, who said on saw it as their duty to report the Ito me detail by detail, incident by le Johnny Carson 'To-night Show" .official statements (or mimeographed can. 31, 1963), "There is no ques- 'handouts, as they often were) of a incident"clad case." and He that went it was- on to an say "iron- that on, as a result of our investigation, Id* elected district attorney, even if Garrison "knew who fired the shots oat an element of the Central Intern- •it meant providing a public forum for that killed President Kennedy," "how a demagogue. . ence Agency of our country killed .- - the plans were initiated," "that a oho Kennedy and that the present ies. force that is a part of the American .dministration is concealing the .. But more important for the pm structure is involved," and he confi- acts," but who declined to disclose posesof the of assassination assessing the controversy present stat dently predicted on the basis of his CI by fr-1 the fact that Garrison was aided knowledge of Garrison's "secret evi- EDWARD JAY EPSTEIN has written • number of critics of the Warren dence" that "the very foundations of 1--", (21 by publications - -.4 ';=.1 two boots about the Kennedy assassina- Report as well as this country will be shaken when the E-f i-4 Warren Commission ‘'. •which had taken what amounted to ...--- ree - lion, 'inquest: The facts are disclosed in a New Orleans .. , —t >-, and the-, Establishment of Truth" and an editorial policy against the Warren valid- courtroom." For the next two years c...) iil *. Commission. In evaluating the continued to work intimately Li) Counterialot." which deals with the Gat- --.'I its .01 ., ir,.',.2;.!int. with Garrison as a freelance "roves- ---'c•-) -1 the evidence he claimed he had be:1 ity of the variousainst charges the commission,which have 1- -4 r _) i been leveled ag - .' tigator," and continued making Er-. r 1 fore the case of Clay Shaw came to i it is worthwhile-''' to consider the ex• apocalyptic revelations on radio and --7-: Li "secret .. :7),--: ,._i tr.. WM. tent to which those who madewith the TV, based on his access to the c_: (.1 10 When that case finally came to 'd ." fl...__. ._. 1\ ducetrial this any year, evidence Garrison to support failed theto pro- . Garrison • charges and aligned the New themselves Orleans fiasco. -. _ The example of Mark Lane, the! THER outspoken critics of the 1.--, - • - 1c::?[1:1, 1°`•. numerous conspiracy charges he had - New York lawyer who, by dinin t 0of his :Warren Commission followed Lane's ...1 crusade in defense of Lee i included Harold Weis- )-1 :-:_i -4:. made over a two-year period. Clay -route. These : - Shaw, the businessman he bad ac- Harvey Oswald,Oswald, has deservedly ! berg, who, after suing the Federal -:-- '' -., ci-. cused of conspiring to murder Presi- 'claimed chief credit for having drawn. Government on a charge of ruining • r . - was acquitted by a • c attention to questions about dent Kennedy, ' publi hii poultry farm with low-flying Air * -- jury in less than an hour. and Garri- son's publicists, who had so freely l:the assassination,' is an instructive' Force helicopters, privately published - -- ..- _ :case in point. . . the "Whitewash" series of books ad- spoken about the "secret evidence" 1 . I vancing the thesis that the Warren - • •: before the trial, disappeared from the :47,1ilow MONTH after the assassination,' Report was a C.I.A.-F.R.I.-Secret talk shows. In the wake of Garrison's flash- . well before the Warren Commission Service cover-up;F.B.I. agent William and writerTurner. on a . - in-the-pan efforts, the press has tried,• had even_ begunne published to examine a 10,000-word the evi- formerthee assassination for Ramparts maga- somewhat understandably perhapi, ; dence, La the crusading - .. -- . • . .- . to forget the entire affair as quickly 1 defense brief' in Oswald's behalf in zine;' Penn Jones, -. .,- , • as possible. Newsweek, for Instance,.; The National Guardian. Then, assum-. editor of the Midlothian (Tex.)of booklets Mirror .:-. -. - succinct::. lag the role of lawyer -for Oswald's and author of a group -1. - reported the verdict In a ghost, Lane became something of a entitled "Forgive My Grief," the most - : .. epitaph: latter-day lyceum type, addressing celebrated feature of which was a • .... - "Acquitted: By a jury In New Or- ever-increasing audiences in night- death count of persons who. were • . . . leans, exactly two years to the day . clubs, theaters, college lecture halls even peripherally connected'Popkin, with the a after his arrest on charges of con-; and the like, ..raw.ngdrawing ominous infer- assassination; Richard H. spiracy to murder John F. Kennedy. tences and posing puzzling questions professor of philosophy at. the Um. retired businessman, Clay L. Shaw,ss .about the evidence. After the pub- versity of California at San, Diego .. - "Convicted:By a case that collapsed. ., - of the Warren Report in' and author of "The Second Oswald," _ . at every seam, District Attorney Jim , licationSeptember. 1964, Lane expanded his-a conjectural essay originally pub- fret-L. Garrison, 47, of incompetence and : • df brief into a book, "Rush to lished in The New York Review of L!e- 4./ . i_j_ , ..--:. promoted ofi.Books, which suggested that :hie irresponsibility as a public official:"------jJu de grnent," which he .1 was not Oswald but ar-- si that the district attorney at and television comedian • ' served his "day in court," ad- l V/arrcn Report was who used his television L . .v .nittc ly a curious tack for liberals PUbli 1 ilk 1964, it was generally Mark Lane and the con- to be taking in defcme of a prose- thought to have been the product of ,versy, subsequently blamed the. tutor. Ramparts put Garrison's por-'3 long and exhaustive investigation establishment" (not the ratings) for trait on the cover of its January, :into the circumstances surround:ng the loss of his program and became • 1968, issue and in an accompanying the assassination. Assuming that the an "investigator" for Garrison. editorial declared that "staff writer Warren Commission had found and Like Lane, each of the critics : William Turner's nine-month investi- evaluated all the relevant evidence. claimed to have access to at least gation into the case of New Orleans that it had conducted a faultless in- part of Garrison's "secret evidence,". D.A. Jim Garrison has convinced us, vestigation, there were only two • and on this basis they warned the that something is terribly, and even logically possible positions: (I) The . public that the Johnson Administra- : unusually, rotten in Washington.. report was correct and Oswald was tion would face dire consequences if : Turner has had full access to Garri- the lone assassin; or (2) he had been • Garrison were ever allowed to bring ; son's files, and has logged 80,030 part of a conspiracy and the corn- his evidence to court. For his part,! miles double -checking every factu- mission had knowingly falsified evi- . al assertion in Garrison's aston- dente. In other words, to posit a *Torn's- wt14 also Involved In o molt i ishing reconstruction of President • .conspiracy required an ad hominern nitninftt the Fedrent Government over Ills• Kennedy's murder, told for the first • attack on the members of the corn- from th dt"the"° e 1•"3"- "met' 'ile""""a : time in this issue. It fulfills •• mission.a. Although Mark Lane and a ; from' hi. retos.n1 to odiolt that be on. n. few pound. merweteld. tone, too, land n ; sadly. many of our most paranoid number of other dedicated assassina- . le..h..iit, New vork City over 19 park.. 1 .nightmares about the C.1.A, the ..tion buffs stanch'y maintained the Ire GrLeta he hod Required. , Minutemen, Dallas fascists and the; latter position, the mass media re- gson paid homogi to the critics American Nazis. It also raises ulti-; fused to give the notion currency and their theories in most of his own matey serious questions about the 'and Lane and his followers were dis- - appearances and sought to confirm responsibility of this Government .missed as troublemakers and what- the validity of their speculations by and the honesty of our current Presi- cvcr controversy there was belonged incorporating them into his case. dent." (Popkin had also cited in The ' mainly to the underground. When Garrison was challenged to 1 New York Review of Books rumors ' 'RR • - reveal the grounds for his allegations, that President Johnsonwas somehow ;WAX own master's thesis on the he would characteristically reply, as suspect because of defects in the Warren Commission, published under he did on the Johnny Carson show,. .,Warren Report.) The "double- the title "Inquest," was partly re- - "I am not allowed, as an attorney, `checked" evidence.never showed up sponsible for widening the scope of ' to come up with evidence until the at the trial of Clay Shaw. making they the controversy. After examining . case comes to trial." The mysterious "paranoid nightmare" seem an apt . the internal workings of the commis- "secret evidence" never materialized ' description for what remained unsub- Mon. I argued, basically, that the . in court and these critics of the stantiated. assumption of an exhaustive investi- Warren Commission, who had claimed 0. That these magazines accepted 'gation was invalid. I found that the to have access to it, were left hold- Garrison's claims on blind faith leads • commission's investigation had been ing the bag. . one to wonder whether the Warren severely limited both by bureaucratic Report was not similarly rejected in . pressures from within and by the ARRISON'S cause was also blind contempt for the President who ..time condition imposed from without succeededcce .e ded. Kennedy, for reasons more . and. at certain crucial points, was championed by far-out periodicals litical like The Los Angeles Free Press and po 'beat than evidentiary. In any : little more than an exercise in the . appearing virtually empty- clarification of superficial evidence. - the white citizens' Councillor as case,handed by at the trial, Garrison exposed In reconsidering the case, in terms well as journals like The New York Review of Books and Ramparts. a bluff larger than his own; he left .of the work actually, accomplished by • critics who were instrumental.. the commission, Inm. any. ... a number of promi-.. These publications had previously re- in discrediting conclusion of the Warren ding the Warren Report i.rient reviewers—including Harrison' jetted the looking like something less than the : E. Salisbury (who had written the • Commission ostensibly because they . . . disinterested factfin_ ders pre- :introduction to one edition of the - . , had found the commission's investi- in viewview of the % "poli•t i•cal ., "tended d. red .to be. And Warren Report), Richard Goodwin, : gation defective (not for isc it he brought them, it is not Alexander Bickel Max Lerner and reasons, i.e., because I particularly surprising that now some corn- under the auspices of the Lord Devlin—agreed that the issued yet these disgruntled critics have even ad- .:mission's investigation may not have -• Administration), Johnson wanted the theory that Garriso been exhaustive, may indeed have magazines• .embraced the New Ira" same himself was in fact a CI.A. ages. been inadequate; however none of Orleans investigation wholeheartedly, provocateur. Surely there was among ss- • them accepted a conspiracy theory. choosing to pass by its glaring m . many critics a‘measure of gullibility :Yet, if the insufficiency of the corn- takes and Garrison's own transparent at the least, of outright dishonesty mission's investigation left open the flimflammery. .at most. But not everyone who :possibility of unevaluated evidence,., The New York Review,.which, for 'registered reservations about the 'there was at least a possibility of a and • its first book-publishing venture. Warren Commission's methods conspiracy—and the mass media brought out Popkin's theory about conclusions rallied to Garrison's de- ,could no longer deny the critics the of the "second Oswald" in a separate tense. To consider the validity :right to present their interpretation of . paperback edition and whose editor, doubts still lingering in the minds • of the assassination to the public. Silvers, helped arrange a forum those critics of the commission who The ''Today Show" arranged a de- Robert categorically disso- on the assassination at theTheatcr for also openly and : bate between Mark Lane and a com- local Ideas in Ncw York, sent Popkin to. dated themselves from Jim Garrison •mission lawyer, the hosts of New Orleans. where ho was given, and his cause, to ask what questions • talk shows across the country began i by prior arrangement, access to the about the assassination of President to provide exposure for the critics prosecution's key witness and other Kennedy still do remain unanswered, 'and doubters, and the demonologists. ■ to recall the history > av rionre.." nankin then wroth it is worthwhile . got busy (many had• books,• as well as • -- • _ •-• • • . . kened by a subsequent on the sign." Rut the "miss ) conspiracies. to advertise). mar ti I • al -die film by C.B.S. News, circulation magazines, includir( ifc .ag frames into which Garrison whici, went much further than the and The Saturday Evening Post, not glibly read stray bullets, while miss- Warren Commission in determining • unaware of the growing pub'ic inter- ing from the Warren Report volumes, the serluenee of the Nhots. Assuming est in the assassination controversy. are not missing from a copy of the ; that three distinct blur:: on the film demanded a new investigation in cdi- film held by Life magazine, which corresponded to Mr. Zapruder's re- 0 torial as well as cover stories. These.. bought the film, and these frames, action to the reports from three rifle in turn, encouraged the District At- which were published after the Play- shots, and working backward from torncy of New Orleans to set off on boy interview, show no signs of the third shot, which clearly struck his own fishing expedition. (Simul- :''stress" or stray bullets. the President's head, C.B.S. analysts * tancously with the opening of his A third technique, of obfuscatory found that the first shot was fired investigation into Oswald's activities rhetoric, which Harold Weisberg fre- talk-show ;well before the time that the com- in New Orleans, Garrison proposed quently employed in his mission fixed as the "earliest possible an "exchange of information" deal appearances, was that of citing ir- time" the President could be...first hit. with Life which amounted to giving relevant coincidences prefaced by !Indeed, in reconsidering the commis- the magazine exclusive coverage.) "Isn't it strange—?" He would ision's analysis, it appears that the Unlike the other critics, Garrison demand to know why the commis- entire logic of the single-bullet theory could make news at will by arresting sion hadn't investigated the coinci- n very dubpioousintasast . people. In acting out his (and other dences he postulated. Although this 'restedabout the earliest which' critics) theories, turning his office technique no doubt stimulates curi- Oswald could ,have fired the first into a sort of Living Theater, he pro- osity, it produces confusion in the shot. A re-enactment by the corn- 'cccded to arrest or fi'e charges audience. it can, moreover, he :mission's staff, nearly six months against more than a dozen persons. turned in any direction. Isn't it 'after the assassination indicated that And the D.A.'s newsmaking potential strange, one might ask, for example. the foliage of an oak tree came be- was something that couldn't be over- that Harold- Weisberg himself once e tween the gunman's line of sight and looked by the mass-circulation maga- worked for the lawyer Oswald had the President for a brief period of tines, facipig the problem of "lead ,asked for when he was apprehended -:time, and it was then deduced that time" an having to plan newsworthy in Dallas? Isn't it strange also that the first shot could have been fired articles months in advance of publi-i Weisberg's stepbrother once treated 'only after the President's limousine cation. In a memorandum to Hugh' David Ferrie, Garrison's prime sus- cleared the oak tree's foliage. The /4. Hefner, the publisher of Playboy,: pect, for. a disease that caused his states that "agents the :.Warren Report 'a senior ecuor summed up ma- :hair to fall out? Such rhetoric, corn- ascertained" that in the reconstruc- sons for publishing a 26-page inter- 'mon among street agitators, can no .tion of the event, the oak tree's view with Garrison (which was partly. excite imaginations but provide .foliage "was approximately the same. written by Garrison himself) as fol- answers. . as on the day of the assassination." the cf.- lows: : Somewhat obscured by Yet, the testimony. referred to in -foi fi- -of the headline seekers and • "Even if he's wrong (which is pos. . the footnote reveals that this was ° sibie), even if he's insincere (which proselytizers for Garrison's cause a number of serious attempts assumed, not "ascertained," by the I doubt), even if the accusations were F.B.I. and Secret Service agents. If about his impropriety are true (which to clarify problems in the Warren by critics . the foliage was just slightly different seems not to be the case), Shaw is • Commission's evidence on the day of the assassination, a going to trial in October 119671 and such as Sylvia Meagher and Prof. or Josiah Thompson Jr., who clearly dis- !single rifleman could have fired the • • the interview (coming out two the antics first shot earlier than the commission •three weeks before it begins) will be associated themselves from had assumed was possible, and thus ,very big news." of Garrison and.his followers. These . serious critiques must be considered 'had time to fire a second shot at the on their own merits. Mrs. Meagher's GOvernor. In other words, the Pres'. of the rhetoric on the :dent and the Governor could have MUCH talk . book ("Accessories After the Fact") - shows and in magazine interviews was ompson' s (Six" Seconds in .been hit by different bullets by-a :single assassin. The C.BS. analysis. •not designed to enlightenpractice the of public. intro-,.Dallas and Th ) contain, as far as I can see,e, -Mark Lane made a : only, two substantial arguments that, ! which persuasively suggests that this clueing pseudoscientific evidence, if true, would preclude the possibility ;indeed was the case, renders the .such as paraffin tests (misinterpreted: that Oswald fired all the shots, ;single-bullet theory Irrelevant. to "prove" Oswald's innocence),' First, there is the argument that which could only confuse audiences. the commission's single-bullet theory SECOND argument asserts that •riot versed in the nuances of forensic'= —that President Kennedy and Gov- :• the Zapruder film reveals that the science. Jim Garrison characteristi- President's head, when hit, moved . I cally dwelt on missing evidence, which sameernor bulle4sConnallyt— controverted were both hit byby the 'forward for a split second, then was being kept "secret" by the Gril-v this .sharply backward, Professor Thomp- • Ievidence. 'The'importance of •ernment but of which he miracu- theory lies in the fact that the COM* . son concludes from a "microanalysis" - lously seemed to know tlie contents. mission's staff concluded, from an :of the film that this change of direr Tor example, noting that four frames .tiOn was caused, first, by a shot hit- - n . - analysis of the Zapruder film, that •of the famous film of the assassins- time, bet.ween. the i ting the President's head from behind - Lion taken by the spectator Abrahamearliest there waspoint not on the film at which i .(as the Warren Commission con-% ' Zapruder —numbers 208-211—were been first ! 'eluded), then a tenth of a second • - the President could have missing from the frame-by-frame re-. hit and the latest point at which the ...later by another bullet, which hit production of the film in the testi:: Governor could have been hit, for a • the President's head in the front. 0 rnony and evidence published by the single rifleman to have fired two This would obviously mean that Warren Commission. Garrison claimed shots. Therefore, it • was argued, there were two assassins. . in his Playboy interview that these either both men were hit by the same Deducing a cause from an effect missing frames. "revealed signs of ti stress appearing suddenly on the bullet or there must have been two (i.e.—the motion of the President's . • - - ...... s..... rifiernWn firing.. • head as it appears on film) presents c•iss led that what was probable a' split-second or a neurological re- 1, ▪ . action—could account for the effect. a cd. And that questions about ; ., t .) - • . ..-\".. If the President was indeed hitil Be •ssassination remain does not; k( : - ; . most simultaneously by two riflem_a necessarily mean that answers can 1 I. firing from two different directions, be found for them. r — 4 as Thompson argues, one would ex- When it was shown that the War- pect to find evidence of this in the ren Commission had conducted a lessi - X-rays and photographs taken at the than exhaustive investigation, a great; • President's autopsy. This material, many people assumed that a new; - 4 investigation, not predisposed to the1 ' ': t however, had not been examined by I the commission or its staff—it was single-assassin theory, would uncover turned over to the Kennedy family new evidence. Garrison, however,'-...... which, in turn, consigned it to the ass:sted initially by Life magazine rL .. . National Archives with the condition and later by many critics of the - I that it could not be open to examina- • Warren Report, searched for two .-'• : — r , -.., .....- . tion for five years (that is, until years without finding any relevant - ...... • T.•1: 1971). new evidence of a conspiracy. AtE -;:- ---- • . 1 .i...., This means that the key to the present there are no leads outstand---r --.7-,---.›---;.- :-- . -.; .. ...■ ., : . . . 1.1. ::_i ; .. ...... •• ' :. : t . if mystery of the head movement was ing, nor is there any substantial evil ..•./..:•..."'• :::. :-.• ... ..• dens= that I know of that indicates': ...1.:-::','A• ''.-• ... .1. -..• . -- 5i - thus unavailable to Thompson when . j..... j...... : ---E4 he wrote his book in 1967. Recently. there was more than one rifleman! ...',./•:,;.' • ., 1.... •1 . -...s.:4•,...... 7....,...... 7...... ::.;...... „„.... firing. -''fi ::... i '"'""-°4-...". ... . :. ... when pressed for the autopsy mate.' . ....7\ ' z:i til. rial by Garrison (who claimed it was It is, of course, possible that new •• ":.-...."":7. . . t I evidence may yet develop to shah- .''?/C".. :-- • .. . relevant to his case). the Justice De- .-:•...,...... partment released an evaluation of lenge the single-assassin theory. The, .i•-•;..”:.. . • :4 ,...... 7"...,•-•.: . - .. it by two respected forensic path- , lesson that Garrison has made abuo-1-‘, ''' ....—----r-' -- . .,,1)..,3,i ologists. Both doctors concluded that dantly clear is that the credibility oft.. ., ..z.,..? evidence cannot be divorced from thec•S,-;...... 1. :..,...—,------A:1-..„.: . .."----"*- ..-;,.;....6.•"...1 -the X-rays and photographs indicated. -11; ..- that the President's head was hit credibility of the investigator who -..::,:-..,-,--..: ..,...... • • : • •••. l'::;:lifft from only one direction—from be- .:•,.:1 hind. • -• little prospect of a new investigation '.:'.:•••7.--:--.% • •-:.ew In the near future, and many of the ...... '...a:.4.-..# THERE are still a great number of critics have been discredited as in- • • •••.! 7.'.0 inconsistencies, as Mrs. Meagher . vestigators by the New Orleans epi- ;. points out in her book, between the sode, it- appears likely that Garrison assertions in the Warren Report and - . may be: the final chapter in the . the data in the accompanying 26 vol-• .Assassination: Controversy._ 14.- MORT SAW., comedian, encour. umes of testimony and evidence, and- - aged the controversy on television _ unresolved questions about Oswald's.. . blamed the Establishment when -- life and activities before the assassi- his -IV show was dropped . . . be- - nation. (Many of the questions left • came a Garrison "investigator:' outstanding by the commission, how- • - 2 ever, were resolved subsequently by • • z-. Elmer Gertz in his book, "Moment •-• • • . - - - • Fftci . of Madness," which dealt with Ruby's ..•.. activities, and by Professor Thomp- - • - r's -• t.:•.-::.:.,;.e.4 .::,ft-...-1s-,,...,.2:.,:::•■.„.3.-,4...... ,••...,;:, ---. :r,#:z.'"'..:•••.•....-•. ...., ....,...",,•.11...1 .. •son in the appendix to his book.) .., -.4.;:1•■••;701 ■ •• •:" . Unfortunately, there is no formula ik •• i • ? • • a • -T. F:4 for adding up inconsistencies and ..-1.• 4 • / . . .• ■■q• S - ..•,/ f..... •^4.‘a. . arriving at the truth. For example. .. : • '• if hundreds of errors and inconsist- ; • encies were found in the report of a •TT•••••...... „....e2t4?....:.. •• S'elfT . . - commission formed •to determine O . ...••• ..•• Vio# I. ‘' •• • 7 •+ ••• whether the earth was round or flat, ,. 1 ' ''' t.:::3;A:•: ::: -, - it might mean that the commission ...... :•••••...• --.4::;:::.„...... was hasty or sloppy in performing its task or, if all the errors went in i one direction, tendentious, but . It I would not in itself prove that the earth is flat. Nor, given the con; _tingent nature of reality, can it be •

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The 1.7asington Post Book World.. . 23 February 1969( : % . •p - . ,:- ,, . .( 407.. • J• ^ . .4-2.,.: •Ii* a 07/ ilti.).1,)" 0°0 a. e CIP b :2 allae 67...;.;4136 7 S `-; 3.7)a a.- 1 e 8 Grp:fa offoePT/Doll-. •• . . .. . ... __ .. • Fritter instructed Russo to let his "mind go corn- _ r ,r3.t /no ..9:,,,, ,invni COLINTpu•LOT, Ity E.Iwora jet EpAtchi. Viking. 192 pp.! pletely /Ardt" and again "notice tine picture on tlicliv.i.••.m .,/,:ir,s- 0- ' S4.93. ,_ ; television screen." Dr. Fatter sugge.stcd, "There will ` i. be Bertrand, Ferric and Oswald and they arc going •By Edwin M. Yoder J r. . • .: to discuss a very important matter and there is .. • • • ' another man and girl there and they are talking t * At this writing; New Orleans District Attorney Earl- about assassinating somebody. Look at it and de- . ing Carothers (Jim) Garrison, who stands six-foot-six. ' Scribe it to me." The story that Russo then told is' - 'and is known to friends as The Jolly Green Giant, has! similar to the one he told in court about overhear- 1 . finally brought to trial a "suspect" in the alleged con... ing an assassination plot. . •. spiracy. to murder President Kennedy. The accused is' ' a prominent New Orleans entrepreneur, Clay Shaw. He 'Edwin M. Yoder Jr. is the editorial page writer of the . is said to be smoking a lot these days, and no wender..GL.xn,:eirQ1 a a' 1..a Naa-a •For if Mr. Epstein's incisive study is right Mr. Shaw . If Garrison's case depends on coached witnesses, why may be the victim of one of the great American legal has it come to trial? A technicality of law permitted a' . frauds. . . !. three•judge court to find "there was evidence that aster- - • • Sifted of its red herrin-sL., bleached , of shadowy Nevi itcd judgment" but in no sense did this finding suggest :. • -.Orleans intrigue, Garrison's case is easily summed up. • the legitimacy of the evidence. - - *. :' • '. In late 1956 Mr. Garrison accompanied*Senator Russell ' • . It is now almost two years since Clay Shaw's arrest, •••:!-• Long on a plane ride from New Orleans to New York: . As skeptical taunts arose, as the New Orleans spectacle .--....?;.- .a.. Senator Long being no slouch at conspiracy theories; -. came under atfaek, Garrison passionately defended him- :. • • they mused skeptically together about the,Warren Ito% self, boldly evolving the theory that the government and .. . port's "sirtgle•assassin" theory and the conversation in:the. "establishment" press are out to foil him. He has .; •-•..a spired Garrison to go back and reopen his file on Lee . outrageously traduced President Johnson as "the man '.7. ,,': • Oswald's. New Orleans activities. From that probe sprang who profited most from 'the murder." He has chaiged •? • a lot of theory and even moire publicity, but only one - that the C.I.A. was "deeply involved in the assassina- .• arrest — Mr. Shaw's. • . 1. . tion." He has cavalierly misrepresented the federal estab- : . . - . By .Epstein 's account the districtrict attorney seems to 1.Iishment's whole attitude towards certain assassination -:-.... • 'have run up several blind alleys and indeed had almost documents placed in the Natiorial Archives. By Mr. Ep- -:;;;;:. taa.,• called it quits when in February 1967 the New Orleans* stein's count he has allegedahat as many as1.6 gunmen . •• Q press broke the story to the world. Not long afterwards were operating that awful day in Dallas; one from a •Garrison arrested Shaw and impounded many of his ..sewer manthole. personal papers and effects —including a sinister-look: . If the D.A. is caught up in Fu Manchu,he has also .'...a.:.: . ing Mardi Gras costume and an address book with which! taken Antonioni's Blow-Up to heart as well: "Most of t34 ‘,. ..i.:12`; **Garrison can do more exercises in number mysticism • assassins," writes Epstein, "were identified only as pro.., -•• !•*-- than a medieval alchemist. . i• jections of connected dots in enlargements of photo—.. :1 Mr. Epstein, while researching a piece for The New _graphs of trees and shubbery"— ineludina one "amn _ • Yorker (where portions of this book appeared), grewi who turned out to'be a newsman who'd fainted. ! skeptical when Garrison allowed him* in violation of Mr. Epstein's book•is pitiless, devastating and, like. ,a , court order to rifle the largely unexplored Shaw papers. his inquest, scrupulously clinical. After reading it one • - • , •. •• Why he wondered would the D.14.- "risk Navin"0. his! feels the real mystery is not what happened in Dallas or : 4' ' case thrown out of court on a technicality by letting out.‘..:New Orleans but what has happened inside the public . eiders go freely through the evidence"? Was it in hopes • mind to glare Garrison' an audience. Epstein, borrowing that free-lance sleuths, who had swarmed around Gar; . from Edward Shils, suggests that it has much to do with ! risen in plenty, might find a damning clue? I: a profound fear of secrecy in the higher reaches of pub. Mr. Garrison needs clues, all right. For unless Mr: •• lie life, ready to be tapped by a Garrison now as it was • i Clay Shaw is the shadowy "Clay Bertrand," Who has tapped in the early Fifties by a Senator Joe McCarthy. • never materialized, the case collapses. And the chief. To that astute speculation, I would add one otherrlbat.i! .. witness to that effect; a confidential informer named .,.what his been missing all along in responsible probes! ".* .: Perry Russo, did not say so in his initial deposition of ; of the assassination is the presence of a good historian 1.-`' !.3,500 words. Not until Russo was hypnotized on the day: ; or two, schooled in modes of disciplined inquiry at onee'...f. a • after Shaw's arrest (March 2, 1967) did he mention!. more wide ranging and less formally Conclusive flint' • i Shaw or the alleged meeting at which "Bertrand," Os-1. that of lawyers..A'historian, strategically placed on the,-'- -:?■.;:er; ;• • •I weld and another plotted to kill the 35th President. It: .Warren Commission, would certainly have recalled the • was a -very helpful hypnosis, to say the least: . t suspicion of skulduggery .in high places that lingered ' after Lincoln's assassination.'And I suspect he wouldi A transcript of RUSSO% first hypnosis *session *- I . ..."'"t". have bey ... reveals that many of the details of Russo'a story' I enless likely than lawyers and statesmen to for-; ;' • get subtle factors of public skepticism were developed under' hypnosis ...Dr. Esmond ! that must be sada% f. • ficd if a horrendous event is not to feed endless spew1.4 Fatter ... told him to imagine a television screen • lotion ..4: and, in New Orleans, self-promoting demagogu- in his mind ..."Look at the picture and tell us the .i . story that you Bee." Russo talked about some .Sc .?',• cry' -.- • Ferries friends but said nothing about an assassi- , • nation plot or conspiratorial meetina "'Then Dr.- •• • e *.`

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED HERELN 1:.; DATFAILLAA4VedAY, no-709-'03m I September 1968 • (

For • example, Philosophy Professor - '. .. dtaa-011 sandy hair:" "No other clues [Assassinations Richard Popkin of the University of . to Bertrand's identity turned up, how- California at San Diego, author of the ever," writes Epstein. "and •• • Wesley J. book The Second Oswald (propounding Liebeler, a Commission lawyer who con- the theory of an Oswald double) and ducted the investigation in this area, said "Garrison's Case" in The New York he was convinced that no such person ' Review of Books (September 14, 1967), . existed." recently commented on the article: . An objective reading of Andrews' • "I found it. a queer mix of facts, half- testimony, however, reveals that he • facts, rumors and very dubious infoi ma- told the FBI that Bertrand was"approxi- tion from people hostile to Garrison. , mately six feet one inch to six feet two Epstein has compressed all this to make inches in height, brown hair, and well EPSTEIN'S GARRISON it look like everything's on the _same dressed"—a description that closely level. I think 'it would take an await lot matches the tall, aristocratic Shaw. As WO SUMMERS AGO a tandem attack of work to disentangle what he's saying for Bertrand on the Warren Report all but rele- on almost any page as to how being a figment of his much of imagination, Andrews declared, "That's gated that work to the fiction it has a factual base, how much of it IS .1 what the Feebees [FBI) put on." He re- section of your local library.. The first rumor that he has heard from people, I counted that G-men had pestered him was Mark Lane's Rush to Judgmeqt,- how which convincingly demonstrated—us- . much of it are charges that have i to the point where he told them, "Write-. beeii made by people like [William] Gur- I what you want, that I am nuts. ing the Warren Commission's own evi-o I don't, • dence—that Oswald could not have done vich [who volunteered to work on the , care." As for his later remark to the • ' investigation without pay, passed him- . Commission's Mr. Liebeler that Bet- it alone, and drew the first dim outlines self • of the conspiracy theory. The second off as the Chief Investigator, then : trand was only five feet, eight inches,, turned on. Garrison) against Garrison,' Andrews explained that "this time I was' was Edward Jay Epstein's Inquest, which ' which 'haven t been substantiated any- looking for the fellow, he was sitting exposed the rather shoddy inner work- where except by Gurvich's statement of down." Nowhere ings of the Commission and laid bare the them. And also that does he refer to Ber- he tends to take ; trand as a "boy." Epstein was perhaps tortured logic it finally employed to dis- facts and information and rumors and so confused by his exclamation:- "I don't pel notions of a conspiracy.. on, that occurred over a year and a half's .play Boy Scout and measure them." Both books became best sellers, but period, and compress them all into . their authors have since gone different In his superficial. examination of Gar- _ simultaneous eventsrso that a statement rison's case, Epstein evidently failed to ways. Lane, who shuttered his law prac- made by Garrison at one time is i check the police records prepared' upon tice and struggled for years to get his 0 pounced upon on the basis of informa- ; Shaw's arrest. Thoroughly shaken:by the manuscript published in the United tion or statements he made a year and a ' arrest, Shaw blurted out, according to - States (it was first published in Britain), half later in a totally different context. has stumped the country in support of :Patrolman Aloysius Habighorst, that he So I think it's a quite unfair presenta- - had used the alias "Clay Bertrand." The District Attorney Jim Garrison's theory don, which has some factual base, but alias was duly entered on the fingerprint that the assassination was carried out by which also has a lot of very dubiolis card and booking sheet. an anti-Castro paramilitary team super- . . elerrinis in it." vised by persons with CIA affiliations.. S :. One of the most fascinating cbarac- One of the dubious elements is Ep. : whose book was a converted tern in the conspiracy drama is Richard . Epstein, stein's version of the testimony of-Dean • Case Nagell, a former U.S. Cornell University master's thesis—the Intelligence . . Andrews -• subject was urged upon him by his men- Jr., a colorful attorney WO i agent who claimshe encountered Oswald ." . numbers among his former clients 0.s- : tor, Andrew Hacker—has emerged as in Mexico City in 1963, and had been* • wald (who wanted his undesirable di?. - instructed by his spy superiors tO'deter-. -:„ - .: - , one of Garrison's most fervid accusers. charge from the Marine Corps rectified) mine if the rumors of an assassination His vehicle is The New Yorker: in the issue of July 13, he delivered a 25,000- and the late David William Ferric, 4 attempt had any foundation. Nagell says word blast at Garrison, calling the DA's central figure in the Garrison investiga! he learned that the first attempt against tion. The day after the assassination, . investigation a frau d. Kennedy was scheduled for September - - The New Yorker article had its genesis • Andrews told the Commission he re- ; 26 in Washington, D.C., and that Oswald over a year ago, when the author showed ceived a phone call from a man he knew ; (who crossed the border into Mexico the as Clay Bertrand, whom he described as; ...up at Garrison's office in New Orleans. day before) was to be set up as the ' to Chief Investigator Louis . a "lawyer without a briefcase" for local j"patsy" and shot in front of the Cuban.' wAccording homosexuals. Bertrand asked him to Ivon, Epstein spent about 48 hours in go Embassy in Mexico City. When the anti- to Dallas and defend Oswald. Garrison ... own, some three hours at the office, and • Castro paramilitary team could not contends Bertrand is Clay Shaw, whom .: penetrate the Nhasn t been seen since. Much of what he Presidential security in tx.) tx..,, . he has charged with conspiracy. i-1 writes about has occurred since this Washington, Oswald got a reprieve. But - • According to Epstein, Andrews ini- ... Nage% who says he was sure the attempt •:4 ca touch-and-go visit and is obviously hear- . say on his part, yet'he writes with the tially gave the Far "several different de- would come off but failed to get the FBI - :- scriptions" of Bertrand, and finally ad- ' to listen, faked a bank robbery in El authoritative tone of a participant. Un- doubtedly this technique is convirfcing mines, that Bertrand "was merely a Paso on September 20 so that he would 0 to his audience, which assumedly is un- figment of his imagination." Later, be- be arrested and in federal custody when . fore the Commission, Andrews stated the assassination occurred. familiar with the intricacies of Garrison's . - that he had recently seen Bertrand in'a -• . investigation. But to those familiar with Epstein dismisses Nagel! as being. • . bar anc, Epstein says, described him as ' mentally unbalanced; noting that "court . the facts. the article is badly slanted. • - -1/ eol• to V. in 191.7" and that, following the' episode, he was "an inmate of a institution for the criminally insane:. Sp:ingfield, Missouri." As he does so frequently throughout The article, Ep- Q stein delivers a version which if developed fully would throw a different light on the matter. Nagell was in a plane crash, but he was given Intelligence training after his recovery, indicating . that he had no permanent brain injury. Moreover, the fact that he stood trial •implies that he was legally sane. Re- cently, he was released from Leaven- worth Penitentiary—he had been at Springfield only temporarily. The publication of the Epstein article came at an opportune time for Clay Shaw. Obtaining advance copies, his at- torneys entered it as evidence before ?a, three-judge federal panel which was hear- ing arguments that the DA was "con- • ducting a reign of terror" and "perse- cuting" the defendant.. Apparently the panel was unimpressed, for it unani- mously rejected the defense's. argument and ordered the case to trial. •.. If Garrison does get his day in court:— a day Epstein has struggled to deny him —chances are his case will hold up better than The New Yorker's brief for the defense. :—WILLIAM TURNER • 0

•■• At, t'4EW YORK TIMES jut. 1.1 196a 0 Warren Panel Critic Scores Garrison

By PETER HUBS r,«".'1*.- 7"...; • •.'''.1",",7"-1'-';1 Raymond Russo, who asserted' Edwaid Jay Epstein, one: of • '1. "'.a • the first best-selling critics of he attended a meeting with men he identified as Mr. Shaw, the Warren commission's in- • vestigation of President Ken- Oswald and David W. Ferrie; nedy's assassination, has writ- now dead, discussing the1 ten a 25,000-word attack :on planned• assassination, and Ver-: District Attorney Jim Garrison's non B. Bundy, who testified inquiry and charges of con- he saw Mr. Shaw meet Oswald spiracy in the President's death. on a lakefront. A Federal judge has currently A 'Pyrrhic Victory' stayed the New Orleans District Attorney's prosecution of Clay • Mr. Epstein asserted a per- '4 Shaw, a businessman ar- !jury conviction of Dean An , rested March 1, 1967, on such drews, a lawyer, was a "PYP1 charges, pending a ruling on .chic victory" for Mr. Garrison; defense complaints of "misuse 'because of a prosecution and abuse" of the district at- charge that Mr. Andrews had torney's powers. "foisted on the world" the name of "Clay Bertrand." This, Mr. Epstein's report said that "in the year I have been study- Mr. Epstein said, raised a ques- hag Garrison's investigation and tion as to Mr. Russo's identify- have had access to his office, ing Mr. 'Shaw by that name the only evidence I have seen after his memory had been or heard about that could con- is- jogged by "truth serum." nect Clay Shaw with the Mr. Epstein wrote that Mr. vassination has been as- fraudu- Garrison's statements had built lent — some devised by Gar- up to a theory of a 16-man rison himself and some 3ands Myra team of assassins at five spots; cynically culled from criminals Edward Jay Epstein The sixteenth, Mr. Epstein as- or the emotionally unstable." serted, was "extrapolated from I The ' new report by 'Prepared tb Believe' Mr. two photographs" interpreted Epstein, whose book, "Inquest," Mr. Epstein wrote that hel by Mr. Garrison as showing that lirst came out in June, 1966. had been "prepared to believe! a .45-caliber bullet that killed Was published yesterday in that District Attorney Gard- the the President wound up in mat- issue of The New Yorker maga- son's claims might have some ted grass. He said the prosecu. 'zinc dated July II substance" when the Shaw ar- for had cited this to support' • rest was first announced, This In Cambridge, Mass., the 32- :"the theory that an assassin a year-old author, who is teach- was because of his own view. was in a sewer. ing urban politics at Harvard that Chief Justice Earl Warren's A mart Mr. Garrison theorized Universitythis summer, said commission had been con- . • . : • • as diverti attention • he was expanding it for Decem- strained by "bureaucratic pres- [the assassins by simulatingfrom an : ber publication by Viking . • Press sures': and "limits of time." :epileptic fit has been identified, • as "The Tangled Web.' He said he had been wel- Mr. Epstein said, as an employe • ../.• . In New Orleans, Mr. Garri- comed by Mr. Garrison in raid- • • I' of The Dallat Morning News . • son was reported as not im- . • I 'April, 1967, and, with Jones who fainted 20 minutes be- • mediately available for com- Harris, a New York independ- fore the Kennedy motorcade arl ■ ment yesterday when an effort ent investigator, he had been ••• 1.;„ •-•?. . was made to reach him by rived. - 4 - - "allowed to examine objects • - - - - - • telephone. - • -seized from Mr. Shaw's home Analyzes 'Eight Items' ., .. • • • . .and designated 'evidence" de- Mr. Epstein quoted Thomas . spite d judge's order against Bethel!, a Garrison aide, its •■ • 7 ; • disclosures. reporting "concern among the Mr. Harris, he said, found a staff members" when Mr. Garri- five-digit number, "19016," in son ordered a warrant of arrest Shaw address book identical for • conspiracy against Edgar to a number preceded by two Eugene .Bradley, a Los Angeles Cyrillic letters fir an address radio fund-raiser. Mr. Epstein book owned by Lee Harvey Os- said "there wasn othing in the wald, the man the Warren files on Bradley except [an) Commission concluded was the anonymous letter" alleging that, sole Kennedy' assassin. He a Eugene Bradley once made. charged that Mr. Garrison "inflammatory comments on had President "Constructed a piece of elk., Kennedy." idence" by an alleged code Mr., Epstein analyzed "eight 'seeking to link the two. specific items" that .he said Mr. The case on which a three- Garrison had cited as linking judge • panel' ruled Mr. Shaw the Central Intelligence Agency could be held for trial, Mr.. Epstein wrote, "was based on the allegations of two witnesses who had both waited four years before disclosing un-. corroborated stories and who ••.. • :

Assertions Challenged with a Kennedy assassination Mr. Epstein accused Mr. Gar- conspiracy. rison of giving "false or cap- Three of these, he said, were tious" examples of alleged news "unverifiable" claims of (1) a suppression. As for a state- picture of Oswald with an ment that there were no Os- agent in Mexico city, (2) files wald fingerprints on the alleged on Mr. Ferrie and:(3) Kennedy assassination gun, Mr. Epstein autopsy pictures: and "other said that there were finger- vital evidence." prints that "could not be A fourth item, he held, was positively identified" but that • a misinterpretation of a docu-I a paimprint on the barrel's merit title to suggest that Os-I underside had been identified wald was involved in a spyl by three experts as Oswald's. plane project. A fifth, he went An assertion that "nitrate on, was a contention that the tests exonerated Lee Oswald" C.I.A. had destroyed a memo-I was "questionable," Mr. Epstein . "1: randum on Oswald's activities. said. He reported paraffin casts although a copy appears in found nitrates on both Oswald's - • e Volume XVIII of the Warren hands although not on his check ■ documents. and none on a Federal Bureau • • ••• • I A sixth item — the con- of Investigation agent who had • tention that Oswald had a fired the rifle three times. "C.I.A. 'babysitter'" — refers, A contention that it was "vir- Mr. Epstein asserted, to a New tually impossible for Oswald" Orleans order of Jan. 20. 1961 to go down four floors before ,-* for 10 trucks for a purchaser being seen after the assassina- named "Oswald." accompanied tion was "specious," Mr. F.p. by a "Joseph Moore." Mr. Ep- I stein said, because the time stein said Lee Harvey Oswald was uncertain and "could have was then in the Soviet Union. :been as long as five minutes." A seventh item—a reference I Mr. Epstein said that Mr. • to a "C.I.A. 'courier"involves Garrison Ilpd charged in a Texas a convicted bank embezzler telecast that President Johnson whose story of delivering S50,- had "issued the Executive order 000 to "a dead ringer for Os- concealing vital evidence for wald" in Mexico in 1962 has 75 years." Mr. Epstein asserted been rejected by the Garrison `there was "no such Executive staff, Mr. Epstein said. order," although many investi- And the eighth item, Mr. Ep- gative files had been with- stein said, was -Federal refusal held for this period as exceed- to provide Mr. Garrison with ing 'the lifespan of persons "any information" on a W.A. likely to be mentioned." assassination role." As for the Warren commission documents, Mr. Epstein said McGeorge Bundy, acting for the President, had asked •. the Archivist of the United States to waive the 75-year ban "wherever possible." He said virtually all documents- that could be declassified by Bundy guidelines had been opened to public scrutiny by the time Mr. Garrison started his investigation. „ . ,... THE CURRENT ( December 16, 1967, • "'form Smith's " Real Name Es zami Noszeralz From CURRENT's Delhi Bureau Information Department, before • NEW DELHI: "Comrade starting work on his "book". 'JOHN SMITH" is no other The Indians then wondered, than the high powered So- why? Why would a man want- viet functionary, YURI P. ing to write on Indian politics isTOSSENKO, who visited keep away from Indians or not seek their help in his research? India in June-July thiS year. Why meet Morozov every morn- The label 'John Smith' was ing behind closed doors? The ;attached on him by some Indians working for the Rus- Indian employees of the So- sians felt certain that Nossenko's viet Information Centre. mission was much more important than he pretended. 'These Indian employees be- Nossenko left India in August lieve that Nossenko wrote and few weeks later the John .the "disclosures" of the for- Smith "disclosures" were in the .mer CIA code clerk. Russian propaganda channels. Nossenko's presence here has If John Smith were the Rus- been a subject of speculation sians' James Bond, could Nos- because of the undue secrecy senko be his IAN FLEMING? attached to his work. He was Although CURRENT's contact paraded as a professor of history was not willing to bet "his life" who had come here ostensibly on it, he said the hunch among to write about "the political them in the Soviet Centre is that development in India since Nossenko was working on re- 1947". search material of the period. _ Ever since Nossenko landed when Smith was here as a code in the Information Centre to clerk piecing together his fan- work on his project, he was put tastic story that has thrown in a special room, out of bounds mud at everybody in India who for Indian employees. All the is opposed to Communism. research material he needed was Surely, argued the contact, if handled by a few chosen Soviet Smith had all this material at personnel, generally associated his command why did he not with KGB in India. Every disclose it earlier. Smith cer- morning Nossenko had a one tainly has been in the Soviet hour exclusive session with KGB Union for some years now. chief MOROZOV, head of the

• .16-11-31-A \qp ,._.--- •-•■•••••^,- halIf YORK JOTIMAL AYMICAN; • AUGUST 241 1964

;-••• : THE CIA INFORMED Mr. Big that Russia's- security *defector.. Yuri Nosenko. -Is the blzge:4 spy gold/zinc the U. S. -I 7.CVC: got." His little black book lists almost every Soviet spy; - drop in the world .-, . . The King of :Greece . Will decorate NBChief Robert P. Kintner with the highest civilian .horioe teed&t_ every' member of the Warren Commission:.: ..:tinvestigatir,,I. the assassination. of,..TFICkAhas_-_an..offer.zuu Write-:a book '

It • ▪

ros XNGELES TIMES MAY 21 1964 n • -4-1.•-•*•

TIP ON EMBASSY 'BUGS?. • • • IT § rs. n pin I VC, 74 k of Russian Dc-iector WASHINGTON (UPI) — When asked about his U.S. o f f 1 c i a Is declir.ed,possible connection with the Wednesday: to clear up discovery of the micro- speculation that Yuri LIPones,h authorized U.S. of- NosSenko, ficials would say only that it - a former member is routine practice to ques- of the Soviet secret police, tion defectors a b o u t at- may have provided the tip,tempts to penetrate. U.S. that the . U.S. Embassy Li security. . Moscow was. 'bugged" with Protest Delivered more 'than. 40 hidden • mi- A stiff protest on the crophones. matter was delivered to the' • Russians Tuesday by U.S. • Nossenko defected to the Ambassador Foy D. Kohler United States Feb. 4 of this in Moscow. Embassy sources year. It was in February there said Wednesday that that the State Department Soviet Dep. Foreign Mini recalled ont of its security ter Vasily Kuznetsov had technicians from Moscow for U.S.promised char to "look into" the ges. [conferences which led to the . - •ci • !decision that a room in Cre WednesdayOfficials herethat Soviet also sai lis-d US. Embassy. should be telling devices have been demolished, and searched. discovered in other Allied The microphone network was discovered as a result. embassies in Moscow. They Kr said attempts to "bug" these •z:r • - On Geneva Mission embassies .have- been made .f--.. At the time of his defer> over the years,. but they de- • .- -1 tion, the 36-year-old No,.... dined to identify the Allied c...S") '-cei -r c--) • senko .was attached, to the'countries, the types of de- c' •1 Soviet disarmament deleg---_ vices or the dates of their • KTO i.- 43 tion in. Geneva. It later was discovery- f-. .r.-,-) cl . revealed that he was an In London agent on the KGB, the Rus-, B r i t i s h ForeignWednesday, Office a scan-security pokice. spokesman declined to dis- He was. taken to Wash-cuss the a f fair on the iington soon after- his defec- grounds "we de not com- ition for questioning. . • • :nent on security matters?! 1

( • into the ground and out of the the Nossenko defection, officials embassy area beyond the reach began to think of a more thor- of American investigators. ough search.- They had appar- The wooden stems of the ently been alerted to several microphones enabled them to unexplained information leaks.- escape detection by electronic Mr.Nosseako is thought to have "sweeps" of the walls, ceilings confirmed the existence of an and floors of the embassy. These eavesdropping network and per- tests are conducted at :east haps to have had some knowl- three times a year to seek out edge of its operation. metallic objects In the wall. . Security technicians were Last February, shortly aftercertIied to Washington in Feb- ruary and plans were made to demolish an entire room in the embassy, and more of its basic structure if necessary. The demolition began in April and on April 23. after one room had been completely wrecked, officials 'said, the first microphone was found. The connecting wire led investigators to the others, which were removed. - Officials said they were sat- isfied that the network had been destroyed. They acknowledged. however, that only demolition of the entire building could determine whether there were similar networks. They continue to assume, they said, that the embassy is not safe for the discussion of secret or sensitive information. "linowing now what we do," one official • said, "we should 117 have done it years ago." But he noted that the embassy did ..• not normally have the man- power or materials needed for demolition work. The lesson of the new discovery, he added, was that American diplomats must continue to assume the worst while occupying foreign quarters abroad. Special plans are also being prepared, he said, to provide greater security in a new Mos- cow embassy if Soviet officials ever consent to its construction. Negotiations for a new embassy have been held up because citizens' groups here have pre- vented the Soviet Union from moving its embassy to an estate in the Chevy Chase section of Washington. . . •

- 36 3 4 • Karch

W. *.iavf..d Slawson SUBJECT: Testimony of_Yuri Ivanovich Nosenko, recent Defector The testimony of Nosenko is contained in-docu cax.rying Commission Nos. 434 and '5l, insofar as we have.:nentf; rceeivca information to date. Of special interest to your sce:Lic are the following statements by Nosenko in regard -to 3sLa1.1's marksmanship;

"Following President Kennedy's assassination Nosenko ascertained from Oswald's file that he had had access to a gun .which he used to hunt game with fellow employees in the U.S.3.R. He could not describe the gun used by Oswa but did remember that it was used to shoot-2.:4 rabbits. Nosenko stated that Western newspaper reports describe Oswald as an expert shot; however, Oswald's file contained a statement from fellow hunters that Oswald was an extrz. poor shot and that it was necessary for persons,mely . who accompanied him on hunts to provide him with game." Nosenko purports to have been a ti:- _ counter-intelligence division of the .KGB, high the official Russian. in Sec.et Police. He also purports to have been the pereer titi-ervised the examination and treatment of Lee Harvey 35,:ald-61.o for the KGB, both when Oswald first entered Russia in and after the assassination of President Kennedy, when1959 OsIlald's file was reexamined by the KGB to determine whether he had ever been used as an agent by that organization. Nor.:?n1:.o states that the KGB at no time used Oswald as an

NEW YORIC/ W 01:LI)* MAR 2 1964 TELEGIWI AND SUN

ri . D.-40* ILfle in .vvaoscow

■nri g ■ • V I r. tk Vi Cr'g Qv‘. 4.1-N • . - 1.4 ecret ... • " .1. :; 4,0 A V, ‘• By LEON DENNEN had been supplying NATO niditary secrets to Newspaper ;Cater:wise Amapa: • Moscow for mere then 15 years. From 1952 to Premier Khrushchev is re- 1957, he was Swedes's top attache in the United ported to be having spy trou- Siatcs. At the time of his arrest as a Russian ble in addition to Russia's usual• spy, Wennerstrom ivas a high official of 'Swe- economic and agricultural dif- den's Defense Department. ficulties. • Before Wennerstrom's arrest, another top There is increasing evidence Soviet agent known as Ariatoli DoLnytsin de- that the recent defection to the fected to the West, going by the way of Finland West of Russia's secret agent • • to London. - • • • Yuri Nosenko was merely the V' • IL • latest incident in a series of Dolnytsin Is reported to have given the West failures that have disrupted such detailed information on Soviet espionage. Moscow's global espionage net- organizations that they are still paralyLed in work. many parts of the world as a result of his dis- Nosenko doubled as an agent of the secret closures. • police and adviser to the Russian delegation at Premier Khrushchev's appointment of Gen. the Geneva Disarmament Conference. He is .. Ivashutin as chief of intelligence is thus seen also believed to be an expert on Soviet atomic as more evidence that the reorganization of. weapons. RusSia's badly crippled espionage network it Western intelligence officials regard as sig-. .fai from completed. The serious internal per- nificant the fact that Nosenko's defection came sonnel problems of the secret police are ap- at a time when the Soviet government decided parently still unresolved. to clean house in its espionage setup. Ivashutin is not an intelligence expert but It is now known that shortly before No- a security officer who received his training senko requested asylum in the United States,• in the notorious SMERSH organization, the . Gen. P. T. Ivashutin was appointed chief of So- Red Army's count e espionage agency. viet intelligence. He replaced the notorious SMERSH, known to all Ian Fleming readers, * Gen. Ivan Serov, who vanished Into obscurity are the Russian initials for Death to Spies. after the execution last year of Col. Oleg • • Penkovsky. This, in the view of Western intelligence Penkovsky„ a brilliant scientist and mili- officials, clearly Indicates that Ivashutin's lob tary expert, was a member of the highest cir- is primarily te spy on Russia's spies rather cles in Red society. He was the son-in-law of than gather intelligence. They report that the . a top Soviet general and the nephew of another general has already begur to put under scrutiny ' general. Nevertheless, he supplied the West intelligence operations re,ndueted a b r o d with valuable information for two years before through the United Nal ions, Soviet embassies..., he was finally tracked. down by the Russian and other diplomatic missions. • secret police. • ' Yuri Nosenko defected because he feared Soviet intelligence had been previously hurt to return to Russia a fier Ivashutin's appoint- by the unmasking of one of Its most valuable ment. He is believed tb. be only thefirst of the' agents In the West, Swedish CoL Stig Wen- agents ready to seek asylum in the West before' nerstrom. . • . ' - being caught in the large-scale. purge of the Wennerstrorn, now on trial in Stockholm, Russian espionage. network.

tNVID ot Ce

Dka ivir7r._‘..r1 ' 18 SENIOR SCHOLASTIC another 25 to 30 off-shore a ig the headlines by shutting off Cuban wad Atlantic seaboard and the Gulf of to the U.S. base at Guantanamo.) COLD WAR Mexico. Communist Albania has been a thorn A solution came when President in the side of the Soviet Union since A Key Defector Johnson announced that the govern- 1961. In 1961 the famine-stricken ment would require at least 50 per cent Yuri I. Nosenko, a high-ranking staff Chinese not only sent grain to Albania, officer of the Soviet secret police, de- of the wheat bound for the U.S.S.R. but loaned her $125,000,000—at a time to be carried in ships flying the U.S. fected in Switzerland and has been when Red China owed the U.S.S.R. granted political asylum in the U.S. flag. The Lgrecment did not include a $300,000,000. commitment about wheat going to other Nosenko had been attending the 1i- Communist bloc countries. Negotia- nation disarmament conference in Ge- tions will continue to determine future RED CHINA—PAKISTAN neva as a member of the Soviet dele- policy on these shipments. gation. He is believed to possess top- Details of the agreement were Kashmir Backing secret information on Soviet nuclear weapons, defense plans, intelligence worked out in Miami, Fla., between The controversy between India and union heads and Secretary of Labor operations, and disarmament policies. Pakistan as to which one of them has Nosenko, 36, had been missing from Willard Wirtz. [For background on claim to the huge territory of Kashmir U.S.-Soviet wheat deal, see Oct. 25 Geneva for almost a week before the has raged for 16 years. During that Soviets acknowledged his defection. issue.] time, the most populous country in Semyon K. Tsarapkin, head of the So- Asia, Communist China, avoided taking viet disarmament delegation, accused sides—until now. ALBANIA Switzerland of permitting "foreign During a recent visit to Pakistan by agents" to engineer Nosenko's disap- Red China's Premier Chou En-lai, the Flea Bites Bear pearance. Tsarapkin demanded that the Chinese threw their support behind the Swiss recover Nosenko and hand him The flea has bitten the bear again. Pakistani position. Pakistan maintains over to Soviet custody. Or, in world political terms, tiny Al- that the people of Kashmir should be The Swiss government lodged a bania again has been nipping at a Com- allowed to decide the controversy in a strong protest against Tsarapkin's munist giant, the Soviet Union. In the plebiscite. Pakistan is a Moslem nation, charges. One Swiss off latest bite, Albania seized four Soviet and most of the people in Kashmir also icial commented curtly: "Delegates at the disarmament Embassy buildings in its capital, Tirana. are Moslems. Predominantly Hindu In- conference are free to come and go as According to Izvestia, the official dia opposes-. a plebiscite, and has they please. We are not their nurses." Soviet government newspaper, Albania blocked U.N. efforts to hold one. also expelled three Soviet caretakers, The Cominunist Chinese move was SEVERAL DAYS later, a Soviet dip- left behind when Soviet diplomats viewed as aggravating China's border lomat was allowed to visit Nosenko at pulled out in December 1961. (Al- dispute with India. Many observers an undisclosed place in Washington. bania and the U.S.S.R. broke off diplo- also noted that Communist China's sup- In the presence of U.S. authorities, No- matic relations when Albania sided port of Pakistan is likely to widen the senko told his Soviet visitor that he did with Red China.) Sino-Soviet split. The Soviet Union is not wish to return to the Soviet Union. To add an ironic touch, the Izvestia supporting India in its dispute with and that his defection had been volun- article said water and electricity for the Pakistan over Kashmir: [For background tary. In another private confrontation. embassy compound had been cut off. on Kashmir rift, see World Perspectives Nosenko also told a Swiss diplomat (Just a few weeks ago, Castro made feature in Oct. 18, '63 issue.] that his defection had been voluntary. Mr" Western officials noted that the So- 4aR., viets did not accuse the U.S. directly 'hut of complicity in Nosenko's defection. ' This was an indication, they said, that 1;!:E. the Soviets did not want the Nosenko case to wreck the current round of dis- t r armament talks. Another suggested rea- I it' %,,,fe...z.z.;.„. . • : Otte, 0 , L.1 son for the Soviets soft-pedaling of the U S My -rtrt 4 issue: they were embarrassed that one ti . ''r '---1!'-'". ' • ' I+ 4 i of their so-called "disarmament experts" .4.., j,(S- • t..!,.!;r4i , had been exposed as a member of the - 41- I secret police. • 1-11.2.1 lotSirash'.• • Noscnko's defection came hard oe • • the heels of another series of defectiens.4 ..watre"r. t"- from the Communist way of life. In neighboring Austria, 28 spectators and PiOSEgr'" a tobogganist from Iron Curtain coon- t tries decided not to return home after attending the Winter Olympics. This WALLA WALLA'S WALL: A replica of the Berlin wall stretches across mainUPI was particularly embarrassing to the() street in Walla Walla, Wash., to remind citizens of world perils. Kiwanis club Communists, since only "politically re- ■ built wall, high school R.O.T.C. played Soviet guards, National Guard the U.S. liable" people had been permitted to guards. Drivers received letter from Gov. Albert Rosellini decrying Berlin wall. attend the games in the first place. 0 1

YECAS MAR la 1964 i(1111/.°

• ■ • • ••• • • - •• . •• . . U.S. • intelligence authorities believe the women's appearance to the embassy was a desperate Russian effort to try to get Nos- ALLEN-SC TT ienko, the son of a late Soviet Minister of Shipbuilding, to return . to-the,Soviet Union. • 71-1 As reported in this column last week, Nossenko has revealed; 11. ka.. r I the names of more than 150 espionage agents in this country and (abroad to U.S. authorities. By ROBERT S. ALLEN and PAUL SCOTT His sensational disclosures put the finger on at least five spy rings, one reputedly in a highly sensitive U.S. agency. Among Nossenko's Wife, Mother- Appear at .U.S. Embassy in. Moscow to Try for those named by the former ranking KGB officer is an employe who Interview Here With Russian Defector. had served in the U.S. embassy in Moscow. WASHINGTON—The family of Yuri Nossenko, While Nossenko was listed as a "disarmament expert" by the; i portant Russian secret police official who. Soh pviet before his defection, he has revealed to U.S. officials that. dedf ecte in m Geneva last month, is putting U.S.. authorities on the .held a key pnkition in the "American section" of the KGB.; horns of a major foreign policy dilemma. The KGB is responsible for the collection of intelligence abroad. His attractive wife and mother are demanding a pri- and counter-intelligence within the Soviet Union; for guarding. vate interview with U.S. Ambassador Foy D. Kohler, against internal subversion; and detecting major economic crimes,, apparently to discuss the possibility, of their conferring such as smuggling, currency' speculation and embezzlement. personally with Nossenko. According to Nossengo, the KGB employs 400,000 and has under.' This unprecedented request, being carefully studied cover agents in every country in the world, including Communist: by Secretary of State Rusk, was mAde by the two women China. when they showed up unexpectedly at the U.S. embassy. He reported that this network of agents is controlled by a series: in Moscow following Nossenko's defection. of main directorates for each of the organization's main functions..') According to reliable State Department sources, Am- These are supplemented by specialized groups concerned with vari- bassador Kohler has diplomatically avoided a direct ous tasks, such as communications, forging passports and gold: frontation con- coins, providing special weapons, guarding the Kremlin and train- with the women, pending instructions from Secretary Rusk: • ing guerrillas. This worldwide network has more than 10,000 womea: These are expected this agents. week When Rusk meets with Ambassador Kohler, who returned t o Washington last WATCHING CUBA -* • ' Thursday for a round of conferences on the impact the Key refugee groups are now channeling their intelligence infor-t Nossenko defection may have on future U.S. - Soviet rela- oration on Cuba to the Federal Bureau of Investigation rather than. tions. the Central Intelligence Agency. The meeting with Kohler was needed; because Secre-' The voluntary shift. which has come about in recent months, Lary Rusk and his key advisers are sharply split over the- is reportedly due :o tht refugees' disappointment over the way the strategy to be followed should the women seek to come, to CIA was handling their reports. the U.S. to talk with Nossenko. According to one official of the Cuban Revolutionary Council,. In backstage deliberations. these State Department "experts ., which has been compiling reports on the continued Soviet build-up. on RosAa have been unable to agree on the purpose behind the in Cuba. the CIA is again downgrading their information as it did women's strange request—other than it would never have been before the Cuban missile crisis. permitted without Kremlin approval. The council's most recent report to the FBI covers an American Ambassador Kohler's vivid reports on the visit clearly indicated scientist once suspected of peddling atomic secrets to Russia.... that the women, who arrived at the embassy 'attired in fur coats, It warns that he has set up a nuclear experimental laboratory . had the blessing of the highest Soviet officials in their undertaking. in Cuba. The report identifies the scientist as Robert Braun Welder, 61, formerly of Detroit. Jt claims that the laboratory is located in a• INSIDE STORY Pinar del Rio Province cave, and Walder is working there with The ambassador reported that the women sashayed into the Russian scientists. • U.S. embassy unannounced,.asking that they betaken immediately. • A graduate of' the California Institute of Technology, Welder to see him after. giving their identity, held an Atomic Energy Commission clearance from 1955 to 1958:' When an embassy aide told them this would be impossiblel He. defected to Cuba in January 1960. because the ambassador was too busy, the two women indignantly said they would wait until he was free to talk to them. After a series of emergency staff conferences, Ambassador Kohler said he sent another aide to tell the women he tied up all day. would be On that note, the women ended their "sit-in," announcing that they would return. at a later date. As embassy officials watched, an official car waiting nearby picked up the two women as they departed. .

ALL 11,1YOPYSTION COITt Vitg., 1.3 VLICLSSIV:ED DATE -1D3f—t - U. S. NEWS AND • MAR 2 1964 WORLD REPORT

Washington Whisper====

[items appearing_ on_ this page are being talked about in Washington or other news centers]_ _ Soviet scientists ar reported in tech-! nical publications to be secretly working on a plan to place ballistic missiles in underwater canisters • within range of U. S. targets. That . would accomplish what the Cuban :missile buildup failed to achieve. ) - _ . Top policy makers in the U. S. ap-' pear to have issued a "stop order" to lower officials when it comes to dis-: cussing Communist activity in the Western Hemisphere with people outside the Government.

Yuri _hCnsenko, the Soviet secret-po-. Ogcial who defected to the U. S.,. is feared by the Russians to be about to expose the Soviet disarmament pro-'- posals as propaganda to trap "neu-• tral" nations. Said one Western diplomat: "Nosenko might well produce! cables from Moscow with embarrass- ' ing disclosures such as instructions 4 to the Geneva delegation on how to fool gullible 'neutrals' like Krishna! Mepon." . NEW YORK MAR 1 1964 HERALD. TRIBUN" nom-

. . . is Ue old2,,g • 0 8 hat osenke Now 7 37!) evealed AT-3,n77-; 0,•• 4171, 1 • to *By Peter Deriabin FEAR OF PUBLICITY The recent defection of Soviet intelligence officero• Yuri:. I. Nosenko has again focused the attention of the world on r recall that I had an almost patho:ogical fear of . the subject of defectors from communism. Asa former Soviet PublIcitY. which even now, in retrospect. Is difficult to ex- - intelligence officer, now a United States citizen. and a resi- plait. Nly only experience with press media was in the • dent of the United States for the last. ten years. I naturally Soviet. Union, where the press is the official voice of the have more than a passing interest in such events. I government. and•the Communist party. As naive as It may vicariously relive each new defection as each one takes me. sound, I could not be convinced that American press coin- back to the time, almost exactly 10 years ago, when I made. ments on my defection did not reflect official U. S. govern- my own final, irrevocable decision to reject communism; ment reaction to my defection. But with the passage of the . the Soviet system and the Soviet way of life. I remember; last 10 years I have come to a better understanding of so well that feeling of deep loneliness which accompanied. Western democracy and to appreciate the true meaning the decision to leave all that I knew and embrace the un-. of the expression "free press." I think it safe to say that • known. It was some comfort that the unknown West had the life blood of Western newspapers is current news. The at least been explored by me somewhat during my stay in defection of a Soviet citizen, and particularly of a- Soviet • Vienna. I knew that it might hold hardship for me in the; intelligence officer, Is "hot news," and as soon as it happens, future, but It could held no horrors comparable to those; there is pressure to get something about it into print. I was leaving. . .' But unfortunately the time of the greatest pressure, or Yet I. was leaving much that was good and much • desire, if you will, on part of news media for information which I loved. This knowledge only made me more bitterly . about a defector and his defection, coincides exactly with hate the inhuman regime which had made it impossible the time of the greatest resistance to the release o! any . for me to retain both my heritage and my self-respect. news on the part of the defector himself and or. ths. part . I think that Nosenko must be experiencing sirnilex of the defector's Western friends who are harto:ing him.pro- . feelings. Even now I vividly remember, in the weeks fol- ,Lacking factual information, and under pressure lowing my own defection, how I was alternately dePressed.• duce copy, our enterprising reporters will often ta:.:s what- and elated; now filled with a tremendous drive to unburden ever skimpy facts they can unearth, aixd-embellish them 07 'myself, to cleanse myself of the filth which had forced me . indulging in fanciful, unrealistic and sometim.2s actuaily to break away, now lethargic, disinterested, overcome by harmful speculation regarding the motivation and value of "weltschmerz." •such defectors. Certainly Nosenko's immediate value to the American The most difficult transition of all was to realize the be great. However, his freedom with which Americans criticize themselves and :counter-intelligence services will their institutions. In the controlled state society of the long-range value to the West, is infinitely greater and . .Soviet Union, criticism is either an undercurrent, dangerous longer-lasting. Essentially Nosenko as a Soviet intelligence to express, or it is used as a device of the regime—either officer personifies the elite of the Soviet Union. As an in- official self-criticism designed to relieve tension.ln a sen- telligence officer he was first a political realist who;due to - .sitive area or the sort of provocation intended to ferret out his privileged access to information and right to travel "troublesome" people. Suspicion within the highest levels abroad, best understood conditions as they really ‘t•ere in .of the Soviet state is intense, and half your waking hours the Soviet Union without the gloss put on them by the are spent speculating on the real motives behind relatively Soviet Propaganda machine. simple acts; You begin to worry about the inflection of •: As a member of the KGB, which is the primary instru- casual greetings. So it was deeply unsettlins to me, at first, '.ment for implementing Khrushchev's "peaceful coexistence" to hear the normal comments of Americans about every- policy abroad, he bes*.understood the inherent hypocrisy of thing from the Presidency to the-price of eggs. At first, . — trying to fit American outspokenness--into the norms of • Soviet society, I brooded about "provocations" or "counter- - ;propaganda." It took me almost a year to realize the dif- • ferences between a. society where free speech is taken for granted- and the statist society which I had left. I would • venture to say that the experience of a free speech society is the most difficult adjustment any Soviet defector must , . Make ( 11t1A°)<; . . •%0 • 4%,

• Soviet foreign policy. As he was a Communist party mem- Brazil. Striganov in Uruguay, Nikotsy .1.1ekserpri ln ber, he experienced the Moral and spiritual bankruptcy of tins. and Aleksander C..u:a. No c:,:;!.:b: Noza:..to the ruling political party in the Soviet Union. As a member will know others. of the KGB. charged with maintaining the iron-fisted sub- • I am convinced ti-.at we should nnt jugation of his own people. he was not deceived by "Potem- fection as a spectacular or unique of r.he 7/3.r. kin Villaees" and other fancy showplaces erected to deceive • but rather as a viall:e symptom of a more deep-seaz.:4 and and delude the foreign tourists who make. the "borscht serious disease which is epidemic 1.0-thin the Soy::: body circuit" tour through the USSR. . politic. For Nosenko's defection is certainly not an izelated Nosenko probably was daily confronted with and re- -.case. Only recently we learned of the case of Cal. 01t: volted by the Soviet government's need to suppress the im- ' • . Penkovsky, who was executed for woeiting for Western in- patience and frustration of its own people, rankling under telligence services inside the Soviet Union for over three 46 years of broken promises. He doubtless often wondered years. Who was Col. Penkovsky? how long Khrushchev could distract the attention of his citizens from these broken-promises with saber-rattling and . TOP' STRATA OF SOCIETY denunciations of alleged capitalist encirclement of the. ' USSR. But finally Nosenko and a growing segment of Soviet First, he was a senior :So./let- military. intelligence society came to realize the simple fact that the Soviet sys- officer. To any present or former Soviet citizens, this simple tem simply does not work. It cannot even. feed. its own statement of fact conveys a world of infonnation shout the • citizens! status in Soviet society of Col. Penkovsky. It places him un- Thus, in. welcoming Yuri I. Nosenko to our shores, let us' mistakably among the chosen few ncrr the top of the pyre.- think of him as a window in the false front, a hole in the - mid. Second, he was the son-in-law of a prominent Soviet • facade, which will permit us a view of the 'reality behind - general, who had been a member of the Moscow 7-.1ilitary • the wall of Soviet propaganda. The reality which he, as a, . Council during World War II and who was a rnemlicr of member of the Soviet elite, can reveal to us, is never seen the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. his marriege pulled and seldom appreciated by Westerners. him higher up the pyramid. into contact with :he actual ruling class of the Soviet Union. Finally, he was the close THE RED APPARATUS family friend and protege of the' Soviet marshal in charge . • • 1-; of tactical rockets for the entire Soviet army. Thhs, by . Our Kremlinologists might also learn from Nosenko virtue of his profession. his marriage, and his friendships. that the Soviet phenomenon cannot be intelligently studied he was confirmed and reconfirmed as a member of the or understood- without a thorough understanding of the privileged elite which occupies the top strata of Soviet Soviet security and espionage apparatus. For.it is this puni- society. . - tive apparatus. which makes up an inordinate portion of Yuri Nosenko, too, unquestionably belonged to the Soviet official bureaucracy and is directly and solely re- highest levels, the "creme de !a creme," of Soviet society...: sponsible for the continued existence of the Communist sys- He was a _respected member of the sacrosanct- punneoi tem in Russia. It is this punitive-espionage and subversive organ—the KGB—which even polices the SoViet ralitig apparatus which is most directly charged will) the imple- class.

mentation of Khrushchev's• foreign policy abroad. Now, ironically, the Soviet system, which for years has In this regard I would be derelict if I did not note that labored to obliterate individuality, conscience, religion and in the more than 'a countries outside the Communist bloc. morality, is suddenly haunted by the specter of a super where the USSR has official diplomatic representation. more- - ruling class revolted by its own excesses. - than 65 per cent of the alleged "diplomats" are actually .• It is vital to- our national security and possibly even to Soviet intelligence officers. In addition to these staff in- . our national survival that we leave the welcome mat out for ; telligence officers, another 25 per cent of the officially ac- future defectors. There should never be any question as tp credited Soviet diplomats are "co-opted," or forced to coI- their motive; or value to the Free World. . laborate in the conduct of espionage or subversion opera- I expect that Nosenko's transition will not always go . Lions.. This leaves a very small percentage of those smoothly nor will it be complete—as no transition can be. •accredited who actually are bona-fide diplOmats. •• While adjusting to this new and unbelievably free society. In fact even I was surprised to learn recently that I can.. Nosenko can be comforted by the fact that he is not alone. recognize and identify at least 20 Soviet ambassadors now There have been over 150 defectors from the USSR in re- serving outside the USSR. as former colleagues who, when I cent years. I personally know many other defectors from knew them, were experienced staff officers of the Soviet in- the Soviet security services who, like me, have -made the telligence service. Five such- ambassadors now serve. in transition and are living happy and productive lives as Latin America. Thorpe Bazarov • in. Mexico. Foroln in American citizens, "

MAR 1 1964 - PETER DERIABIN, defector, speaking. The 'author of this exclusive article was. a major in Vienna. for Soviet State Security (KGB) when he defected to; fthe Westin February of 1951. Now, 10 years later,: Deriabin writes about the changcs that have taken place' !in his life, about the things he left behind and the things. :that took their place. He lives somewhere in the United.i .!States, is a writer and scholar of political science, and :has attended ilmerican universities. The picture•• at ,right shows hint in profile,his face hidden.in-shadows.: Of course, it is still ashadowy life lie leads, but the editor. who discussed this article with him described: Deriabin as "very -well -adjusted.". • Oddly, -Deriabin; •ill& ..alinost the same job in Vienna that Yuri Nosenko.: the recently defected Soviet officer, held in Geneva. .f Both were in chargeof surveillance "for large. Soviet. Linwton.r. •- •

MAR 1 1964

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the Soviet line was clear: Nosenko had been kidnaped by American agents. At this stage, the Russians clich:t want to prejudice dis--A armament negotiations. But they—at the direct behest of Mr. Khrushchev—are determined to prove within the So- i,I viet Union that there is no Eau, in the system. Thus. no- • body could voluntarily decamp, especially U he had so con- fldential an assignment as Nosenko: Many other defections for assorted reasons in the past • • have shown how chimercial this line is Yet the question . perstzts in Noscnko's case. Why did he do it? Mum is the word•generally among Westerners engaged in the no-re- ward for success, humiliation for failure, of the never-end- • frig "silent war. • The only suggestion brought forward to date has No- senko linked to the Penkovsky apparatus. A relentless So- : viet search, one thesis goes, began to breathe heavily on • Nosenko. So; he defected, using his diplomatic passport to t . cross into France, Germany or Italy. Thereupon, he made 1 contact with Americans and was sped to Washington. Afterwards. a meticulous procedure that takes upwards of six months of interrogation ensued. It is known to the k trade as "debriefing." In other words, American agents _ j. question Nosenko in. minute detail about his past, his work, - ; his travel, his acquaintances, his family and his• knowledge of KGB operations. It could be a. treasure trove of information—or, No- senko could be a long-time Soviet plant who deliberately , • defected under orders to infiltrate American intelligence;, . "it• won't be the first time this has been tried." On balance, the assessment is that Nosenko may be at ;: least as big a catch as was the ill-fated Col. PenkovskY: • If he Is a plant, the reasoning. argues, Mr. Khrushchev -would not have behaved in the irascible, near-public. man-;!I . . . ner he did. • . . BIG SOVIET LEAIs: • , • Already, there hkve been changes of 'KGB personnd 7 throughout the world. Most were men who knew Nosenko,; even briefly. They an were people who worked on. specie '‘ assignments with him. Suspicion has ripped through thein. -; Soviet espionage table of organization, so long regarded.• -7. the West as impenetrable. A little porous in the past. Soviet security has bectme quite leaky. "Much-maligned for malfeasance and opera,tive Issistakes, the Central Intellgience Agency has never been given credit for amazing coups as in the Penkovsky case."' The feeling. today Is that Nosenko's defection is almost 'as big. It exposes a world-wide Soviet network, Its-;ou opera- can ' Lions, personnel and latter-day thinking. "On that, frequently base given government policy." .fancy to' • With all the boo-boos ascribed in reality or ▪:the American intelligence system, it has -been able to prove: "A that the Russians aren't I2-feet tall and impenetrable.. a big way: Section chiefs ▪ They have been penetrated—in demoted, replacements in key and sensitive assignments and • others held at home pending further inrestigatica. as In his own way, Premier Khrushchev has 'admitted much himself. It is a Western victory in the no.-quarter war of the shadow, but the war goes on relentlessly,,The "menbecause in- there is no end in this kind 'of competition. volved know—how and why—best. .They keep looking• for new Nosenkos. . •

MAR• 1 1964

U. S. .NEWS AND wolLn FEB 2 4 1964 :7 I T

MYSTERY OF A RUSSIAN wife and two children in Russia when he Red from Geneva and asked the WHO FLED TO THE WEST United States for asylum. Yuri I. Norse - an agent of Rus- • Behind the flurry of diplomatic ac- sia's sta & security agency, left Com- tivity was a mystery: Never before munism behind on February 4 and defected to the United States. In Moscow and in Geneva—where Nossenko had been a member of the Soviet arms-talks delegation—the Rus- sians raised an uproar. Switzerland was accused of laxity in protecting delegates. The U. S., it was hinted, either hired Nossenko away or kidnaped him. The Kremlin summoned U. S. Am- bassador Foy Kohler to protest against Nossenko's defection and to ask how it had happened. • In Washington, the U. S. announced on February 14 that it would grant asylum to Nossenko. Officials said he had arrived in the capital. They said • i!".• he had been interviewed by a Soviet •-• : diplomat and had stated he did not • . wish to return to Russia. pe• The 38-year-old Nossenko left a

—UPI Photo SOVIET DEFECTOR? This picture was identified as that of Yuri Nossenko. But a Soviet official in Geneva said, "It doesn't show Nossenko of all."

had Russia protested when a Soviet citizen defected. Why now? Some reports said Nossenko carried away important secrets of Russia's military or disarmament plans. And some authorities also saw a chance that the Nossenko affair would be built into an excuse for Russia to walk out on the arms conference. NEWSWEEK FEB 2 4 1964

The De-Briefing Process for the U.S.S.R's Defectors - •-• Even when the U.S. State Department The Hotel Rex is a stodgy, openly admitted that Nosenko was in third-rate establishment on Ceneva's hands and had asked for asylum, Avenue Wendt. Behind its dingy, yel- s Tsarapkin still refrained from deliver- low-stucco walls, clean but unluxurious • rooms serve as home away from home mgBut an theanti-American loss was obviously diatribe. grievous. for middle-class businessmen and ago,sec- Though he was listed as a disarma- weeks ond-string diplomats. Four ment ' expert" on the delegation ros- ten Russians checked in at the Rex. ter, Nosenko'sactual acal function was They were in town for the disanna- re- presumably to act as the KCB's watch- ment conference, and hotel staffers dog over the rest of the Soviet delega- member them as a surly Iot—all except • for the guest in Room 207. Handsome • Lion. He certainly knew the identity of Yuri jse d&..._..06, always had a a number of Soviet espionage agents the maids, around the world, and on top of that . smile and a cheery word for he presumably was privy to many of and given any opportunity would proudly show them. the crayoned the inner secrets of Soviet disarmament strategy. In fact, only a few days . drawings of houses and animals that —after his defection, the Russian delega- - • his two young children had sent him from home. "I'll--be back with them_ •soon," he would-say. But the day he-. Continu3d fore the guest - in 207 was clue .tri leave for Moscow, he tucked a bulg- ing briefcase under his arm. walked •jauntily out of the Hotel Rex, and never returned. Yuri I. Nosenko • trusted officer in the KCB, Russia's security police and counterintelligence service, had defected to the West. The Russians first missed Nosenko when he failed to show for an after- : noon session of the disarmament conference. When they found his • briefcase was missing, the hunt was on. • Provocative Activity: Red agents scoured Geneva, and kept the airport and all border crossing points under tight surveillance. Only when it was obviously too late did the Russians call in the Swiss for help, and then chief Soviet disarmament delegate Semyon K. Tsarapkin had the effrontery to blame Swiss authorities for the defection. Despite his obvious anger, Tsarapkin seemed determined not to allow the affair to disrupt the tranquil atmosphere of the disarmament talks. tion, without warning, changed its while every angle is• checked to en- order of disar mam en t priorities. With- sure he is not a Soviet "plant." drawal of foreign troops from alien ter- • During this time, if Nosenko follows ritory, previously first on the list, was the typical route, he will room with switched with reduction of military one or two American intelligence budgets. A likely explanation: Nosenko agents, who will question him, eat and - probably knew a thing or two about Zink with him, and repeatedly the strength of Soviet forces stationed him of his safety. Occasimaiiy, he will outside Russia. be taken on trips into everyday Amer- Contented Smiles: Obviously, 3 ica, and his guides will help confirm defector with this kind of knowledge his own image of the U.S. with their was a valuable prize indeed, and some answers to questions about super- Washingtonians reported seeing old markets, prices, and workers' salaries. CIA friends walking around with con- When Nosenko is through telling tented smiles. In fact, at the very his story and spilling his information, moment that Tsarapkin was demand- the probability is that he will he given a rest for six to eight months. He will ing. Nosenko's return, the KGB agent t. was already on American soil. receive a regular monthly pay of $500 The details of his escape may never to $600, will live in a guarded apart- Gouzenko: Freedom and fear be known. But late last week when a ment, and be given Russian books Soviet official was allowed to interview (Trotsky, -Pasternak, memoirs of other officer ever to defect to the West. Today, 26 years after his defection. Nosenko in the U.S., the defector told defectors) that will confirm his image him that he had left Switzerland vol- - of Soviet tyranny and help allay his Orlov is still convinced that the KGB untarily on the night of Feb. 4. Cer- inevitable doubts that he did the right will get him one clay. He lives on a tainly, once Nosenko had made his thing by turning traitor. farm "somewhere" in the U.S. Only a initial contact with U.S. officials, it was Fading Star: Once his information few CIA and FBI agents know ex- Geneva fast. is checked out, he may remain for a actly where he is. essential to get him out of who was sent Most likely, he was rushed across the while in the U.S. intelligence service, ►Nikalai E. Khokhlov, border into France and then driven to commenting on ...reports, reading the abroad by the KGB in 1954 to kill a a "safe house" in Paris. Soviet press, writing biographies of for- Russian emigre leader and instead de- -What happened to Nosenko from mer colleagues. -At first, he will be a fected to the West. Later. he wrote a then on is uncertain, but presumably star attraction. But in most cases, this book and even gave several lectures— he underwent the standard CIA proc- lasts only as long as his firsthand in- at which he always insisted on speak- essing of intelligence defectors. In a formation, and gradually, as his knowl- ing with his back to the wall and comfortably furnished room, wired edge of current Soviet affairs fades, so having the windows boarded up. Six years ago, Khokhlov went to Europe with microphones and tape recorder, a does his usefulness to American intel- Russian-speaking interrogator begins ligence. In time, this turns many de- for a vacation. While he was there, he the initial de-briefing—checking the fectors bitter and finally convinces suffered what he thought was at- - defector's identity and determining them that their only future lies in tempted poisoning in a restaurant and breaking away from intelligence work went into permanent hiding. the- reasons behind his defection, or, ■ hero of the famous in the lingo of the trade, "establishing into ordinary American society. Igor Couzcnko, the bona fides." Within an hour, the But for most Soviet intelligence de- 1945 Canadian spy affair. He walked interrogator leaves to make his first re- fectors that hasn't worked out too well, out of the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa port to local CIA headquarters, while either—any more than it has for their with 109 files on Russian agents. Books, the original' contactman keeps up the Western counterparts such as Britain's films, and articles brought Gouzenko chatter and sees to it that the defector Guy Burgess and Donald MacLean. and his family (wife and two children) is well supplied with cigarettes, food, Unlike other defectors from Iron Cur- money, farms, and cars. But the fear of the Soviet secret police which led and, above all, assurances that the tain countries, most of whom quickly KGB won't get him. adapt to new lives in the West, de- him to testify before a Canadian Ro.•al Friendly Questions: After the first fecting intelligence officers tend to be Commission with a sack over his head. few sessions, the interrogator suggests a psychologically troubled lot. still haunts him. He moves constantly a lie-detector test—"going on the box," The CIA does its best to help them from one farm to another, talks only in CIA jargon. By this time, everything adjust. But such men find it hard to with government officials, and has yet is pretty casual—coats off, ties loos- 'communicate with ordinary Americans to tell his children their real surname. ened. There are no tough interrogation and seem lost outside their normal The reason Yuri Nosenko defected been powerful indeed, for devices—strong lights, round-the-clock . trade of espionage. Since they are all must have firmly convinced that an automatic or- he could not be sure he would fare questioning. If the defector's good faith He knew his is doubted, these could come later. der for their assassination went out the better than the others. If the initial screening suggests that moment they deserted the Soviet serv- family would be deprived of all rights the defector is "clean," he is asked to ice, they are often reduced to behav- as Soviet citizens, and that his only me- mento of his children would be a crum- (7' sign a request for asylum, and is then ing more like frightened animals than moved from the "safe house" to a human beings.. Some examples: pled crayon drawing. And always there secret CIA site in the U.S. There, he toGen. Alexander Orlov, perhaps the would be the fear that some day his - may stay months, telling all he knows highest ranking Soviet secret-police former comrades would ferret him out.

FEB 2 4 'SE4 TIME FEB 2 1 13E4

ESPIONAGE • The Defector Twice weekly in Geneva's Palais des Nations, a stocky, dark-haired Russian named Yuri Ivanovich Nosenko took his seat among the otici. s47cretarie.s,— clerks, aides and technicians in the Sovi- et delegation at the I7-nation disarmament conference. But though Nosenko was billeted with other low-ranking So- viet staffers in Geneva's Hotel Rex, it was obvious that he enjoyed special • status. He roomed alone, spoke fluent English, had a different work schedule • • from that of his colleagues, often came home alone late at night after all the others were in. The reason was that, un- ▪ known to his fellow delegates, Nosen- • . ko's specialty was espionage. He was a • ranking officer in the K.G.B., the Soviet agency that combines the functions of the C.I.A. and F.B.I. Fortnight ago, the day before he was scheduled to return to Moscow, Nosen- ko told colleagues he was going off for lunch at a downtown restaurant. When he failed to return next morning, frantic Soviet officials ordered all the remaining Russians at the hotel into a delegation compound and stripped Nosenko's room • of all his personal effecD. They seemed • particularly agitated when they could not find his valise. At last, the Russians called in the Swiss police. In vairr, the cops checked Switzerland's hospitals, morgues, hotels, railroad stations, air- ports and border outposts. Nosenko had . totally vanished. Last week the U.S. State Department tersely reported that Nosenko had defected to the West and was "somewhere in the U.S." In fact, he was in Washing ton, where officials permitted Soviet and Swiss diplomats to interview him. Re- 1Z)4•• futing Moscow's allegations of "improp- r 'V 5 er" U.S. behavior, Nosenko declared that he had voluntarily decided not to return to Russia. •• U.S. officials plainly regarded Nosen- ko, 36, as the biggest spy catch since Colonel Oleg Penkovsky, the Soviet military scientist who funneled military se- 0-4 tti se- (:k• crets to the West before being arrested •c■ ••/‘i• and executed by the Russians last year. Nosenko apparently had brought with him invaluable operational and organi- zational details about the Soviet intelligence network, and officials hinted that • his defection had already caused a . shake-up within the Russian espionage system. WASLIINGTON DALLY FEB 2 0 1964 NEWS

Defector or Plant? By Henry J. Taylor SOVIET' agent Yori Geneva de- the Kremlin coop. Their task; well performed. is to protect'. fection pinpoints high-leiel espionage's most- Switzerland's neutrality and block anti-Swiss activity. . . difficult problem:: Is • a defector a defector or a In truth. Semyon K. Tsarapkin, Khrushchev's delegation chief.• plant? • • . probably did not intend to report • :- Nosenko's disappearance to the We're safe in tio. Nosenko case because fun—. Swiss. There, as in the U. S., Soviet gestapo units conduct their fortunately) own heavy-handed apprehending and do not want the embarrass—. he isn't returning to Russia, but'. ing fact of defection handled by anyone else. skill in answering the agonizing question is the magic ingredient required for the penetration The far better •guess .would be that Tsarapkin had a fit when work that extends into all capitals. he learned the Geneva 'police were informed. So Tsarapkin went .• thru the motions of notifying the authorities and turned his plight • , We get more RtissiAn..defestors thru Geneva;- into a blast against the- neutral Swiss. His tirade will go over Switzerland, than any place in the world—many more than thruf! like a lead balloon and he'll be lucky if the Bern Federal Council - i'West Berlin. Most defectors thru, Germany: are _Poles;. Czechs, doesn't-kick him out of the country for it East- Germans — brothei-,satellite peoplo. who are informative: • Defectors, while valuable, have a limited usefulness if they seek : but can't help •us penetrate the Kremlin.'..-tGeleirlifinternitional,' asylum: • Our objective hr Geneva and elsewhere is to persuade a: i.:nonferences offer the oppOrtunity for.So;Aet officiaLcif -thi desired Soviet defector to go back "in place" in Russia and work there- -for us. Yet the Kremlin continually feeds us plants in the guise rlevel to come to where we . of defectors.- " " • 7 - a F.. Meanwhile, the thunderclap you beard lathe Alps was courage-.:-.: ous Swiss Foreign NI-mister Friedrich:V. Wahien boxing the ears'— Often the choice ahoirt a Geneia defector muit be made in a] matter of days. The Soviet delegation may be in Geneva only ' of Soviet - Ambassador .A.. I Loshchakov* in Bern for 'Moscow's briefly.' If the defector ilgoing back to Moscow At all; he must .1 ' • charge that Swiss police were-negligent ki. Notenko's runaway: go back with 1t' Deciding the defector's authenticity . calls for. The Swiss take no nonsense frorci anybody and /east of all does: •■•■•■•• Intelligence's hardest single talent.. : • • Y. y -can be sure we urged- Nosenko to return home with ••- • • SWitzeriand'i DfacEirfchtendiesCfrei - Cetiater-esPienage-organiza-•" Tsarapkin's deTegation: Or that Nosenko refused and we had to tion, is famous in intelligence dircIes' thruout the world. Her accept him is a defector' or that- we didn't .trust him. entirely. ?federal police establishment, under- Attorney General Hans Furth'`: and are thus using him only in a safe way. Or, lastly, that he . Bern, is as- famous for its efficiency and good. judgment: had been our agent "in place," faced apprehension and managed - 'But _it. is not their function, to,keep.:Stkiet_idefectors :from _flyine:' to-jump:before the. Kreinlin- could put the arm on him.

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O FEB 1 9'1964 NEW YORK - JOURNAL AMERICAN

THREAT YIELDS DATA • Under threat of exeosine their affair: his Polish mistress • anted can,. got him to turn over many classified documents to Com- By GUY RICHARDS' ably determined. was the work munist agents. Through Scar- • in all but one instance of women beck, the Reds gained the A new spy scandal Is brewing in the State Dept. agents of the KGB, the Soviet which involves equivalent .of a looking - glass, "several Americans" in our embassy in Secret Police. ''Warsaw. a Camera and a sounding- The women managed to make • The latest defector from the1 ._by the Rissians through 'a board for all important busi- number of our diplomatic rep- stooges out of three t6 five ness transacted inside the em- echlet Secret Police, Yrirt L Americans by maneuvering Wes:sink* elready has cleared resentatives in Poland's capi- bassy. • taL - ' • them into compromising sit- Unfortunately for the State Jen Acme matters about the uations where they were pho- i-ttrelen-see bre4kihrenghectred Their, downfall, it waa rell- Dept, its own security program _ • tographed. • . was relaxed about the time of . The number of Americans the Scarbeck affair. Otherwise Involved and the damage to the department• might have our defense. diplomatic and discovered then that Scarbeck k communications secrets Is now wasn't the only source of leaks the sublet t. of secret testi- through the highlife - baited mony before the Senate Inter- trap which the Reds have nal Security Subcommittee. created for Americans in War- Similar investigations are al- saw. so under way in the State Dept. • It now appears that cm* and the Central Intelligence Warsaw pest, instead of being Agency. CTrir-Faiding Nos- fumigated' following Scarbeck'e se in protective custody as a arrest, has been the same old prize package of information in glass house for the KGB almost danger of becoming a clay ever since. pigedia for KGB assassins.- The Senate Internal Security Spokesmen for both ;State Subcommittee got wind cf the and CIA said they would not affair several weeks ago. It comment on the matter at the took testimony from a State present .time. • Dept. security officer. 1 -A spokesman for the Senate Be presented some evidence' subcommittee confirmed that the Warsaw scandal was an willingly enough, It w a si learned, but when the question- issue on which testimony was He would ing got tougher he bilked and now being taken. told the Senators he couldn't make no farther comment. answer any further questions This much hag been learned. until he consulted his seniors. however: The State Dept. employes In- IT'S CONFIRMED volved in the case are still in Shortly thereafter the Sen- service. ate investigators got word of The case has :cots to—and Nossenko's defection. One of similarities with—that of Irving them met him the day he ar- C. Scarbeck. the Brooklyn- rived in Washington last vele:. born former aide in our War- He confirmed that the Warsaw saw embassy. He was con- embassy had been an open hooki victed three sears ago of turn- to his organization. this re-' ing secrets over to porter has been Informed. Communist agents. He is now The whole affair is a vindi- serving a 10-year prison sea- cation of the contentions of •tence. • • Otto F. Otepka, once the State Quiet, industrious, married Dept.'s top - ranking loyalty- and the. father of three chil- checker, that there were "glar- • dren, Scarbeck fell. under the ing security deficiencies" a t spell of a. blackmailing Polish State. blonde' who was an agent of Mr. Otepka was fired (he the secret police. : bed hishis phone tapped) 17•Y ns._ 40' at the-time. •• ,State for making such remarks- to the Senate Internal 3ecurity e SIN FEB 1 9 1954

Reds Seek To Halt Asylum To Defectors,Dultes Says

.11lcit W. Dulles, former dire tor of the Central Intelligence :.1.gr..ney, said yesterday that Bus- t - - .•,....f41- ::::-.' , .- :man protests over last week's de- • • .-..-..F.!:;.i.: fectinn of Yuri I. Nossenko, So- [ . -: r.ft':/?4-it:'.i . I. viet intelligence agent, are de- 7:7.': Z■';?11i.. ,::::::;.'-...... ti -- .- :. 5;-,::■;IP.'...‘...?-!' . t' ; .'f..Yrt signed to "steer the United States , :..!..' .. ' .."'.%. • 'PA away from accepting other defectors." They are obviously seriously disturbed hy the defection." he aR,ertett. "The reason for the terrible fuss about it is because they know that if there are defections from the bowels of their super- secret intelligence agency.- the KGB. there will be more." Xi-. Dulles defended the United States decision to allow Russian l...' ,' • se... .• 1 ..... , . , : authnrities to question their agent in this country after his defection. because, he said. "a defector should be able to stand up to questioning." In a speech at the Johns Hop- ALLEN DULLES kins University's Shrive: Hall, however, the former CIA. director change of Col. Rudolf I. Abel:i ern icizcd the agency's recent dis- Russian roaster spy, for Francis: ciosure of Soviet economic data. Gary Powers, downed American! ' . Reports Denied . • U-2 pilot. . - "It was the right and duty of "Abel was tried and convicted," the CIA ta collect the data." he he said. "I would like to see . . . said. "but I'd prefer. to see it these spies go through a trial. given out through some • other Exchanges ought to be done with channel." great care. I wouldn't want to do, The CIA has been criticized for it before the trial. Justice should isteppingI out of its normal role of have its day." !secrecy and for not releasing the Active in intelligence in both !downgrading assessment of the world wars and eight years head ;Russian economy through another of the CIA, Mr. Dulles described Government agency. -. "the secret war of insurrection" .. .. . Mr. Dulles emphatically denied waged by the -Communists in un- "Both Generaleral .(Douglas) Mac- stable societies as the "most dif-..lrthur and President (Harry): reports of a split between the limit and serious issue we face, Truman took pieces of it (the: State Department and the CIA. in American policy toward South today." 1CIA information) to justify their. Vietnam before last November's -"There is no clear-cut answer."' positions," which he said "were: he said. "We haven't found a sollil later on not quite the same." coup d'etat. . Hon. nor have we had much help: Appointed by President Johnson:I "There often are disputes between individuals," he declared, from our allies." Ito the Warren Commission, Mr.! "but as far as a policy split— Recollecting his experience in:.Dulles predicted that all relevant! that is nonsense. There might the CIA, which he called an ef-. data concerning the assassination! have been individual policy dif- fective remedy to a second Pearl'iof President Kennedy would be ferences between individual peo- Harbor, Mr. Dulles said that hLs i released to th public. ple." agency had "good information as1 The commission has received! Mr. Dulles advised caution in to the capabilities" and "not a! no "sensational" evidence, he: exchanging Soviet and American bad estimate of Chinese Inter.- said, to eountcr the opinion that spies, while approving the ex- tioiis" before the Chinese en-. Lee Harvey Oswald murderei the - 4trance into' the Aorean,.- War. I former Chief Executive•

FEB 1 8 1964 :1C1... I:: SUN A llen-Scott Report

y c. • Soviet itiealias sy aomixr S. AND ?AUL SCOT 7 Ur. Allen Two high-level Soviet officials His information °auk: ?leer: have. suddenly "died" since Yeu3 officials to the Swiers. T. No_,...senko a reeking sccret po- status as compared to the U.S. defected in Geneva in the development and testine and requested U.S. asylum. the 60-megaton super-bomh. to Dead under mysterious cite could also supply reliable dare curnstarrees are Pavel M. Zer- on whether the Russians have eov, deputy minister of med- cheated on the nuclear test ban' ium machinery buildings and V. since signing the treat/ in Mos- V. Bortsoglebs'ely, chairman of OW last July. the military tribunal which han- "Nossenko can gi,ve to the in- dled the trial of former 11-2 formation to determine if the pilot Francis Powers after he U.S. acted wisely in signirre 'he was shot down over Russia. nuclear test ban," one military' Both Soviet officials had been inzelli.ffertne officer reported. "He superiors of Nossenko before can reveal how right or wrong his assignment as chief KGB our pe-iicies toward Russia. have officer with the Soviet disarma- been during the past faur or five ment delegation in Geneva. years." Only the most trusted KGB Nosser.ko's revelations maid agents are permitted to operate aleo blow sky-high the 'U.S.-So- outside of Russia. viet exchange negotia- U.S. Intelligence authorities tions now going on in ..1f.)scow.' handling the Nossenko. case are _.As a former ..KGB agent who taking for granted that Zernov %rocked e.losety with cultural ex- and Boriso,glebsley were put to change of:Icials, Nosseetto is put- . death on orders from the Krem- teg his finger on a nureee: of lin because of their roles in pro- Russian scientists and artists who motir.g the defector within tee actually were KGB agents sent KCB. to the U.S. to spy under this At the time of his defection, program. Xeyear-old •Nosser,k0 was on spe. Already Rer.reser.tative Mi- vial assignment in Geneva from chael Feighan, D-Ohio, chairman the 'American section" of the of the House Judiciary subcom- KGB. The initials KGB stand mittee investigating the U.S.-So- for the "Committee for State Se viet exchange program, has asked curity." ceer•nt designation of the State Department to submit the Russian seceet police. a furl report on Nossenko and Nossenko is now in the U.S. un- his . eations. der the "protective custcdy" of Feighan has requested details the Central intelligenceAzency. of a State Department visa 11 he lives to tell his full story, granted Nossenko 'several these intelligence experts point years ago" to visit the U.S. as • out. Nossenko is in a position a member of one of the irelu to give details from the KGB trial exchange groups. Depazt- file on Lee Harvey Oswald. ac- meet records shcw that Nasser.- cused assassin of the late Pres:- ko never used the visa. tin: Kennedy, and Mrs. Marina Waite not all the reasons be- 0.4waid. his v.1,low. hind Nossenko's decision to de- Nossenko's high - level assign- fect are known at this time, one rr.ern in the "American section" intelligence summary of inter- of :ea KGB gave hem access to views with the former KGB pians and information on Soviet agent quwas him as say:n7, he secret police operations in the was afraid that he WOL be U.S.—including details of any shot. possible Kremlin Mvolvernent in Nossenko pointed eel: that sev- the Kennedy assassination. ere' of his close K33 As top security assistant of were killed afterbeir.; Zernny, Note re • elve wets el Lieutenant C:.,g a position—as etetk es a Pen:tev::::y, a Soviet o:;e:a; ..ree year and a half ago —. to keow :vas executed the innermost sec.ets of aus- ■thar;ec: with spying L.1i Ceti- sian unclear weapons production. tral letellieence NEW YORK TIMES FEB 1 8 1964

Nosenko's Account Disputes Charge by Soviet

By TAD SZULC Defection Preceded Report Service. Officials of the State Spotlit' to TT. \.w 'York Stows Department, the Central In-: WASHINGTON, Feb. 17 - to Swiss Police, Apparently telligmce Agency. and the: .Yuri I. senke told a Soviet Immigration and Naturalization* Embassy offici at their con- Service were also present. frontation here last Friday that Ruling Oat Negligence Mr. Nosenko was described as he left Switzerland on the way having been completely relaxed to the United States 28 hours during the interview. before his defection was re- Swiss diplomat had been per- He is understood'to have told ported by the Russians to the mitted to talk separately with the Soviet diplomat during their. Swiss authorities. Mr. Nosenko. businesslike conference that he' This statement by the former Information made available defected of his own volition, staff officer of the Soviet Com- today has thrown new .light without any outside pressures. mittee of State Security, the on the defection. • His statements, it was report- secret police, appeared to amount The Soviet delegation in ed, did not allay Soviet resent- to a denial of the Soviet charge Geneva, it was reported, told ment against Swiss authorities.: that the Swiss authorities had the Swiss police at 5 P.M. Feb. Diplomatic reports reaching the. been negligent in preventing his 5 that Mr. Nosenko was miss- State Department said that So..: :defection. ing. But Mr. Nosenko's state- viet diplomats in foreign capi- Mr. Nosenko, who quit as a ments in the presence of the tals continued to register com-: member of the Soviet delegation Soviet. Embassy official are said plaints about alleged negligence .to the Geneva disarmament con- to have shown that his actual atter. Mr. Nosenko's conference' ' Terence Feb. 4, was allowed to defection took place at 1 P.M. viiththe-goviet diplomat. :meet with a Soviet diplomat the preceding day. ;here In the presence of United • The Soviet delegation an- States officials. nounced Mr. Nosenko's disap-' • The. State Department an- pearance Feb. 9. - nounced at the time that the The rr.eeting between Mr. • confrontation was taking place Nosenko and the Soviet Em- in Washington at the request of bassy official took place in the the. Soviet Embassy, but no headquarters of the Washing- other details were made public. ton field office of the Im The department said that a. mi,gration and Naturalization • S

FEB 18 19E4

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. THE SWISS with their impeccable diplu- macy have shown once again they know how to handle the big bad Russian bear. • When • Yuri Nossenko, :member of the :Soviet disarmament delegat!on at Geneva, :defected to the West the Russians were - badly shaken. In typical bullying fashion :they looked around for a scapegoat and decided to pick on the Swiss. They charged proper protection had not been given Nos- . senko by the Geneva police and Switzer- land would be held strictly accountable if they did not get him back. Although possessing not a single. rocket or gunboat the Swiss calmly told the Rus- sians they were talking nonsense and they as well as the Swiss\knew it....The Russians simply shut up and took another tack. jt .alwaysseems to work when .the Corn-• • munists come up-withsome fantastic claim or threat. When their hand is called, as the •Swiss did in 'the Nossenko case, they back down. If not they push on another ad- vantage. The Swiss should give lessons. _ . GREENSBORO; NC NEWS' m. 91,284 S. .121,027 Front Fero Other raga Peg P. Date: FEB 18 1984 • Defectors And Their Worth i The fuss being kicked up by Moscow- presence of State Department person-• !• over defection of Yuri. I. Nossenko, 36- nel. It has also been announced-'that year-old Soviet intelligence officer, at- his request for asylum in this country !' tached to the Russian delegation to the has been granted. Geneva disarmament conference, con- . But, while not discrediting the plum veys the impression that the West has which appears to have fallen into U.S. !'scored heavily in the cold war and the hands, we confess to lingering doubts 'continuing effort of the U.S. and the about many of these "defectors" who U.S.S.R. to ferret out information about come over to our side. There is always each other. the passibility that they may be plants; .• z. We are willing to accept the defec- that they are dispatched to try to worm ' t tion at its face value. In itself it makes thrir way into our confidence and to excellent propaganda material. Heavily • pick up information which the Soviets .`'played up. in news media of this coun- ' might not otherwise obtain; that the try and the other Western nations, it fuss in Moscow is part of the cover-up; tiled not be'ery reported in the Russian:. that we might be given misinformation; press at the time of this writing. It. and that even a few true tips might be 1;.doubtIess will be at - the proper time given against expendables in 'further ef- e- with a Kremlin version which will cen- fort to .make our intelligence agencies 1 iter its fire at the United States and believe( the defection and the defector -„SwitzerIand, since the incident occurred genuine. I !. at• Geneva. . • All these doubts must be prevalent ' We should.of course make the most IA's and other intelligence agencies' cOf any source of Soviet information min ven as we exult outwardly over i!'available. Already Nessenko has been Nossenko's coming over to our side, ;'flown to Washington where he is being behind-the-scenes developments must ?subjected to prolonged examination by . include close scrutiny of his back- State Department and U.S. intelligence ground, his possible motives, every bit 1. agencies. Significantly, but not unex- of information which he passes along ' .:pectedly, his exact whereabouts have and ultimate determination of how to not been revealed; nor is there any indi- use it. cation when he will be permitted to un- Espionage is dangerous, tricky, messy • dergo ',press questioning. It is - both ..and even dirty business, so labyrinthian Ipertinent and ' notable, however, that that we often ..wonder, if . even those • Russian. and .SWiss officials have been. directing it are .fully aware of what is allowed to converse wtih: him in,the going on and, its effective interpretation., aor • a

CHESTER, PElitilik. DELAW E COMITY TIMES e. 4 ,490

Ed; Other FroM Page Page Page Date: .F73 1 S 1964 Defector Yuri I. Nosenko. the youthful KGB. (Russian seCret717)o Lee) operator, is the most; important Soviet defector to the West since' the end of World War II. • If he lives to tell his full story — he is number one on the Kremlin's assassination; list — he can supply many answers which; even our CIA does not have. For example, Mr. Nosenko- was in posi-:. tion to have top-secret inside informationi on such matters as: -• — The innermost secrets of Russian; nuclear weapons production. — The truth as to whether the Russian; have cheated on the nuclear test ban treaty,:' . sigued in Moscow last July.. - • The number of so-called cultural' exchange "students" who 'actually are KGB. agents. — Details of the KGB penetration of U.S. intelligence forces. • .1- ; . — The full story of the Soviet files on! Lee Harvey Oswald. • • In short, Mr. Nosenko giie us some!_ very valuable information, perhaps .even 'enough to re-evaluate our policy towards; the Soviet Union in recent • WASHINGTON POST AND FEB 1 7 ',a-A • TLMES HERALI:

;1711 4:> e l'••■■1/ Wk./ *4/ ) : " Del ecior Yuri 1\c_0( the Soviet Snr27. pk):iCe of:Ice:- who has defected to the U'u;ted States. may have brought with him the r,:.;:.--uniat of the Kremlin's war plans, or only the m,.:mory ef a nagging wife. Such is the secrecy in wh!1 these matters run that the American public mit:, avcr know whether the American government has an its hands a prize or a pest.. Wishful thinkf:-.;; 7.Qd ::aith in freedom are enough, of course, to sul-,p3rt almost any en- travagant estimate of Nas-senko's worth. By the same token, we prefer to believe that a Mitchell or Martin. defectors- in the other direction, really knew nothing at all. • It should be borne in mind, too, that the seen- - rity and strength of a great modern .power do not .depend primarily on information or intelligence which'is beyond the technology or tht... imagination of an adversary power. A ciefectcr can carry secrets, of course;, but in the age—of the photo satellite and the computer, they 317.0 likely to be little secrets, not large ones..

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