Helsinki Watch Committees in the Soviet Republics

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Helsinki Watch Committees in the Soviet Republics Yaroslav Bilinsky Tönu Parming THE HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEES IN THE SOVIET REPUBLICS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOVIET NATIONALITY QUESTION PART I I Note s Appendice s Reference s Supplementary References Chapter I NOTE S 'Testimony of one of the participants, Congresswoman Millicen t Fenwick ; United States Congress (94th Congress), House of Representatives , Committee on International Relations, Subcommittee on International Poli- tical and Military Affairs, Conference on Security and Cooperation i n Europe, Part II, Hearings .. November 18, 1975 and May 4, 1976 (Washington : U .S . Government Printing Office, 1976), pp . 7-8 . 2For example, see the United States Department of State, Publi - cation 8677 (Bureau of Public Affairs, September 1972), Current Foreig n Policy series, Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe . 3 For the historical backdrop and development see Roman Szporluk , "Nationalities and the Russian Problem in the USSR : an Historical Outline, " Journal of International Affairs, Volume 27 (No . 1, 1973), pp . 22-40 (re - printed as No . 87 in the series of the Center for Russian and East European Studies, University of Michigan) . Also : Marc Raeff, " Patterns of Russia n Imperial Policy toward the Nationalities ;" Hans Kohn, "Soviet Communis m and Nationalism : Three Stages of a Historical Development ; " and John N . Hazard, " Statutory Recognition of Nationality Differences in the USSR , " al l three in Edward Allworth, ed ., Soviet Nationality Problems (New York : Columbia University Press, 1971) . For a general review : Robert J . Osborn , The Evolution of Soviet Politics (Homewood, IL : Dorsey Press, 1974) , chapters 13-14 . Chapter 2 NOTE S 1Edward Allworth, " Restating the Soviet Nationality Question , " in Edward Allworth, ed ., Soviet Nationality Problems (New York : Columbi a Univeristy Press, 1971), p . 13 . 2 The import of the affective-instrumental connection in social actio n has been most forcefully argued by Daniel Bell, " Ethnicity and Socia l Change, " in Nathan Glazer and Daniel P . Moynihan, eds ., Ethnicity Theor y and Experience (Cambridge : Harvard University Press, 1975) . 3 For a review of the geographical growth of Russia, see W .H . Parke r An Historical Geography of Russia (Chicago : Aldine, 1969) . For th e historical pre-Soviet roots of the nationality problem, see S . Frederick . Starr, " Tsarist Government : The Imperial Dimension, " in Jeremy R . Azrael , ed ., Soviet Nationality Policies and Practices (New York : Praeger, 1978) , and Marc Raeff, " Patterns of Russian Imperial Policy toward the Nation- alities, " in Edward Allworth, ed ., Soviet NationalityProblems (New York : Columbia University Press, 1971) . 4For overviews of the development of Soviet nationality policies , see : Hans Kohn, " Soviet Communism and Nationalism : Three Stages of a Historical Development, " and John N . Hazard, " Statutory Recognition o f Nationality Differences in the USSR, " both in Edward Allworth, ed ., Sovie t Nationality Problems (New York : Columbia University Press, 1971) ; Roma n N2-1 N2- 2 Szporluk, " Nationalities and the Russian Problem in the U .S .S .R . : an His- torical Outline , " Journal of International Affairs, Volume 27 (No . l, 1973) , pp . 22-40 ; Helene Carrere d ' Encausse, " Determinants and Parameters o f Soviet Nationality Policy, " in Jeremy R . Azrael, ed ., Soviet Nationality Policies and Practices (New York : Praeger, 1978) . But also, Rober t Conquest, ed ., Soviet Nationalities Policy in Practice (New York : Praeger , 1967) . 5 See the following works for the development of the dissent move- ment : Abraham Rothberg, The Heirs of Stalin . Dissidence and the Sovie t Regime 1953-1970 (Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 1972) ; George Saunders , Samizdat . Voices of the Soviet Opposition (New York : Monad Press, 1974) ; Pete r Reddaway, ed ., Uncensored Russia . Protest and Dissent in the Soviet Unio n (New York : American Heritage Press, 1972) ; and Rudolf L . Tökes, ed . , Dissent in the USSR . Politics, Ideology andPeople (Baltimore : John s Hopkins University Press, 1975) . 6For case studies of two of these groups, see Thomas E . Sawyer , The Jewish Minority in the Soviet Union (Boulder, Colo . : Westview, 1979) , and Alan Fisher, The Crimean Tatars (Stanford : Hoover Institution Press , 1978) . 7 For background, see Robert S . Sullivant, Soviet Politics and th e Ukraine 1917-1957 (New York : Columbia University Press, 1962), an d Yaroslav Bilinsky, The Second Soviet Republic : The Ukraine After Worl d War II (New Brunswick : Rutgers University Press, 1964) . For recent trends, N2- 3 see : Roman Szporluk, " The Ukraine and the Ukrainians, " in Zev Katz, ed . , Handbook of Major Soviet Nationalities (New York : Free Press, 1975) ; Wsevolod W . Isajiw, "Social Bases of Change in the Ukraine Since 1964, " Mykola Stepanenko, "Ukrainain Culture in the Brezhnev-Kosygin Era : Som e Observations, " Konstantyn Sawczuk, " Resistance Against Russification i n the Ukraine Since 1964 : A Profile of Three Urkainians in Opposition, " and Bohdan R . Bociurkiw, "Religion and Nationalism in the Contemporar y Ukraine, " all three in George W . Simmonds, ed ., Nationalism in the USS R & Eastern Europe in the Era of Brezhnev and Kosygin (Detroit : University of Detroit Press, 1977) ; Yaroslav Bilinsky, "Assimilation and Ethni c Assertiveness Among Ukrainians of the Soviet Union, " in Erich Goldhagen , ed ., Ethnic Minorities in the Soviet Union (New York : Frederick A . Praeger, 1968), and his, "Mykola Skrypnyk and Petro Shelest : An Essay o n the Persistence and Limits of Ukrainian National Communism, " in Jeremy R . Azrael, ed ., Soviet Nationality Policies and Practices (New York : Praeger , 1978) . And Lesya Jones and Bohdan Yasen, eds ., The Ukrainain Herald . Issue 6 . Dissent in the Ukraine (Baltimore : Smoloskyp Publishers, 1977) . 8For the theoretical case for this, see Fredrik Barth, " Intro- duction, " in F . Barth, ed ., Ethnic Groups and Boundaries . TheSocia l Organization of Cultural Difference (Bergen-Oslo : Universitets Forlaget , 1969) . 9An integrative model of ethnic identity may be found in Tön u Parming, The Nature of Ethnic Identity (unpublished doctoral dissertation , Yale University, 1976) . N2- 4 10 See Jaan Pennar, " Nationalism in the Soviet Baltic, " in Eric h Goldhagen, ed ., op . cit .; V . Stanley Vardys, " Modernization and Balti c Nationalism, " Problems of Communism (September-October 1975) ; Janis Sapiets , " The Baltic Republics " in George Schöpflin, ed ., The Soviet Union an d Eastern Europe (New York : Praeger, 1970) ; Rein Taagepera, " Dissimilaritie s between the Northwest Soviet Republics, " in Arvids Ziedonis, Jr ., et al ., eds ., Problems of Mininations (San Jose : Association for Advancement o f Baltic Studies, 1973) ; Yaroslav Bilinsky, " The Background of Contemporar y Politics in the Baltic Republics and the Ukraine : Comparisons and Contrasts, " in A . Ziedonis Jr ., ed ., op . cit . ; V . Stanley Vardys, " The Role of th e Baltic Republics in Soviet Society, " in Roman Szporluk, ed ., The Influenc e of East Europe and the Soviet West on the USSR (New York : Praeger, 1975) : Frederic T . Harned, " Latvia and the Latvians " and " Lithuania and th e Lithuanians, " in Z . Katz, ed ., op . cit . ; Rein Taagepera, "Estonia and th e Estonians, " in Z . Katz, ed ., op . cit .; Tönu Parming, " Nationalism in Es- tonia Since 1964," in G .W . Simmonds, ed ., op . cit . ; Juris Dreifelds , " Latvian National Demands and Group Consciousness Since 1959, " in G .W . Simmonds, ed ., op . cit . ; Thomas Remeikis, " Political Developments [i n Lithuania] during the Brezhnev Era," in G .W . Simmonds, ed ., op . cit .; Tönu Parming, " Contrasts in Nationalism in the Soviet Baltic " (Paper, 15t h Southern Conference on Slavic Studies, University of Virginia, 1976) ; Tön u Parming, "Roots of Nationality Differences," in Edward Allworth, ed ., Nationality Group Survival in Multi-Ethnic States . Shifting Suppor t Patterns in the Soviet BalticRegion (New York : Praeger, 1977) ; Tön u Parming, "Population Processes and the Nationality Issue in the Soviet N2- 5 Baltic, " Soviet Studies (forthcoming, July 1980) ; Tönu Parming and Elma r Järvesoo, eds ., A Case Study of a Soviet Republic . The Estonian SS R (Boulder, Colo . : Westview Press, 1978) ; V . Stanley Vardys, ed ., Lithuani a Under the Soviets (New York : Praeger, 1965) . 11See, for example, Albertas Gerutis, ed ., Lithuania 700 Year s (New York : Manyland Books, 1969) . 12 See Royal Institution of International Affairs, The Baltic States (London : Oxford University Press, 1938) and Georg von Rauch, Th e Baltic States (Berkeley : University of California Press, 1977) ; also se e Stanley W . Page, The Formation of the Baltic States (Cambridge : Harvar d University Press, 1959) . 13 See the references to Lithuania in footnote 10, above ; es- pecially Thomas Remeikis, op . cit . 14 See V . Stanley Vardys, Th e Catholic Church, Dissent an d Nationality in Soviet Lithuania (Boulder, Colo . : East European Quarterl y Press, distributed by Columbia University Press, 1978) . 15 See sources referenced in fn 10, above, especially the thre e comparative ones on the Baltic by T . Parming, op . cit . 16 See T . Parming, " Population Processes .. .," op . cit . 17 See J . Dreifelds, op . cit . N2- 6 18 Mary Kilbourne Matossian, " Communist Rule and the Changin g Armenian Cultural Pattern," in E . Goldhagen, op . cit . ; Vahakn N . Dadrian , " Nationalism in Soviet Armenia : A Case Study of Ethnocentrism,"
Recommended publications
  • Full Case Study
    National Park Service National Park Service U. S. Department of the Interior Civic Engagement www.nps.gov/civic/ Civic Engagement and the Gulag Museum at Perm-36, Russia Through communication with former prisoners and guards and an international dialogue with other "sites of conscience," The Gulag Museum at Perm-36, Russia, is building all its programs on a foundation of civic engagement. In December 1999, National Park Service (NPS) Northeast Regional Director Marie Rust became a founding member of the International Coalition of Historic Site Museums of Conscience. At the Coalition’s first formal meeting, Ms. Rust met Dr. Victor Shmyrov, Director of the Gulag Museum at Perm-36 in Russia, another founding institution of the Coalition. Dr. Shmyrov’s museum preserves and interprets a gulag camp built under Joseph Stalin in 1946 near the city of Perm in the village of Kutschino, Russia. Known as Perm-36, the camp served initially as a regular timber production labor camp. Later, the camp became a particularly isolated and severe facility for high government officials. In 1972, Perm-36 became the primary facility in the country for persons charged with political crimes. Many of the Soviet Union’s most prominent dissidents, including Vladimir Bukovsky, Sergei Kovalev and Anatoly Marchenko, served their sentences there. It was only during the Soviet government’s period of “openness” of Glasnost, under President Mikael Gorbachev, that the camp was finally closed in 1987. Although there were over 12,000 forced labor camps in the former Soviet Union, Perm-36 is the last surviving example from the system.
    [Show full text]
  • Toronto Pays Tribute to Former Soviet Political Prisoner However, Mr
    INSIDE:• Leadership Conference focuses on Ukrainian American community — page 3. • New York pastor celebrates 50th jubilee — page 5. • The UNA’s former headquarters in Jersey City: an appreciation — centerfold. Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association Vol. LXV HE No.KRAINIAN 42 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1997 EEKLY$1.25/$2 in Ukraine ForeignT InvestmentU Council strives Verkhovna RadaW acts quickly on changes to make Ukraine business-friendly to election law suggested by president by Roman Woronowycz which is more sympathetic to the needs of by Roman Woronowycz ing with Article 94 of the Constitution of Kyiv Press Bureau businesses, and the predominantly leftist Kyiv Press Bureau Ukraine.” legislature has also led to constantly But the Verkhovna Rada speedily KYIV — The President’s Foreign changing statutes that affect the business KYIV — Ukraine’s Parliament moved made room on its agenda of October 14 Investment Advisory Council met for the community. One of Motorola’s reasons quickly to smooth any further roadblocks and in one session passed 13 of the pro- first time on October 3 to begin the work for abandoning its deal with Ukraine were to a new law on elections on October 14 posals and rejected two, most notably a of making Ukraine more amicable to for- the “ever-changing rules of the game,” when it acted in one day to incorporate recommendation that a 50 percent eign businesses. Although Ukraine’s said its Ukraine director at the time it can- most changes requested by the president. turnout in electoral districts remain a president and government officials tried celed its contract with the government.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithuanian Writers and the Establishment During Late Socialism: the Writers Union As a Place for Conformism Or Escape Vilius Ivanauskas
    LITHUANIAN HISTORICAL STUDIES 15 2010 ISSN 1392-2343 PP. 51–78 LITHUANIAN WRITERS AND THE EStabLISHMENT DURING LatE SOCIALISM: THE WRITERS UNION AS A PLACE FOR CONFORMISM OR ESCAPE Vilius Ivanauskas ABSTRACT This article analyses how the changes in the dominant attitude of local Soviet writers were encouraged, screened or restricted by the Writers Union [WU] through mechanisms of planning, control and even through measures of creating a secure daily environment. The author looks at the tensions and conflicts between writers of different generations, observing less ideology in the younger generation than in their predecessors since the development and dissemination of national images among the declared values of communism were increasing. The union as a system covered both aspects – conformism and the escape (manoeuvre). Though the WU had a strong mechanism of control, it managed to ensure for the writers such a model of adaptation where even those, who were subject to restrictions, had a possibility of remaining within the official structure, through certain compromises, while actually avoiding involvement in dissident activities or samizdat publishing. Introduction In August 1940 a group of Lithuanian intellectuals, most of whom were writers, went off to Moscow “to bring back Stalin’s Sunshine”, at the same time asking for Lithuania to be incorporated into the USSR. Forty eight years later in early June 1988 a few members of the local literary elite joined the initial Sąjūdis Group and from thenceforth stood in the vanguard of the National Revival. These two historic moments, witnessing two contrary breaking points in history, when Lithuanian writers were active participants in events, naturally give rise to the question of how the status and role of writers and their relationship with the Soviet regime changed.
    [Show full text]
  • Helsinki Watch Committees in the Soviet Republics: Implications For
    FINAL REPORT T O NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE : HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEES IN THE SOVIET REPUBLICS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOVIET NATIONALITY QUESTIO N AUTHORS : Yaroslav Bilinsky Tönu Parming CONTRACTOR : University of Delawar e PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS : Yaroslav Bilinsky, Project Director an d Co-Principal Investigato r Tönu Parming, Co-Principal Investigato r COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 621- 9 The work leading to this report was supported in whole or in part fro m funds provided by the National Council for Soviet and East European Research . NOTICE OF INTENTION TO APPLY FOR COPYRIGH T This work has been requested for manuscrip t review for publication . It is not to be quote d without express written permission by the authors , who hereby reserve all the rights herein . Th e contractual exception to this is as follows : The [US] Government will have th e right to publish or release Fina l Reports, but only in same forma t in which such Final Reports ar e delivered to it by the Council . Th e Government will not have the righ t to authorize others to publish suc h Final Reports without the consent o f the authors, and the individua l researchers will have the right t o apply for and obtain copyright o n any work products which may b e derived from work funded by th e Council under this Contract . ii EXEC 1 Overall Executive Summary HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEES IN THE SOVIET REPUBLICS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOVIET NATIONALITY QUESTION by Yaroslav Bilinsky, University of Delawar e d Tönu Parming, University of Marylan August 1, 1975, after more than two years of intensive negotiations, 35 Head s of Governments--President Ford of the United States, Prime Minister Trudeau of Canada , Secretary-General Brezhnev of the USSR, and the Chief Executives of 32 othe r European States--signed the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperatio n in Europe (CSCE) .
    [Show full text]
  • Modernism and Andrei Amalrik's Nose! Nose? No-Se!
    Fall 1992 89 Dark Images of Dissidence: Modernism and Andrei Amalrik's Nose! Nose? No-se! Nancy Kindelan I Critics describe the dissident drama of Andrei Amalrik (1938-1980), especially Nose! Nose? No-se! (1968), as following the Russian tradition of the absurd, grotesque, and satire. Amalrik's adaptation of Gogol's short story, "The Nose" (1936), and his reading of Ionesco, Beckett, and the futuristic plays of Khlebnikov, link Amalrik to prior and modern perceptions of absurdist literary and dramatic techniques. In the absurdist world, reality is depicted as disjointed and disoriented, complete with characters who cannot communicate, fear authority and define life in isolation. Although it appears that Amalrik's play and the absurdist's world are similar, there is evidence that this play's intricate form allows for multiple interpretations. In Twentieth-Century Drama, Harold Segel notes that while there is a connection between Amalrik's plays and the absurdist and grotesque drama, "the complexity of his plays sets him apart." Particularly, he states that the "strange configurations of character and incident often make interpretation a matter of intuition or impression" (396). Nose! Nose? No-se! has received some literary and dramatic attention; however, little consideration has been afforded to how this play's "complexity," and the "strange configurations of character and incident" have combined to shape Amalrik's dramatic form. Russian dramatic criticism specifies that German expressionism played a minor role in the development of their drama; however, while there are no significant Russian expressionistic playwrights, Amalrik's play contains significant components of this form. More Nancy Kindelan is an Assistant Professor in the Theatre Department at Northeastern University.
    [Show full text]
  • Can the Soviet System Accommodate the “Democratic Movement”?
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-1974 Systemic Adaptation: Can the Soviet System Accommodate the “Democratic Movement”? Phillip A. Petersen Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Petersen, Phillip A., "Systemic Adaptation: Can the Soviet System Accommodate the “Democratic Movement”?" (1974). Master's Theses. 2588. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/2588 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SYSTEMIC ADAPTATION: CAN THE SOVIET SYSTEM ACCOMMODATE THE "DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT"? by Phillip A. Petersen A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Arts Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 1974 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to begin by thanking Dr. Craig N. Andrews of Wayne State University for introducing me to the phenomenon of dissent in the Soviet Union. As for the project itself, Dr. John Gorgone of Western Michigan University not only suggested the approach to the phenomenon, but also had a fundamental role in shaping the perspective from which observations were made. The success of the research phase of the project is due, in great part, to the encouragement and assistance of Lt. Col. Carlton Willis of the Army Security Agency Training Center and School.
    [Show full text]
  • Importance of European Remembrance for the Future of Europe
    European Parliament 2019-2024 TEXTS ADOPTED P9_TA(2019)0021 Importance of European remembrance for the future of Europe European Parliament resolution of 19 September 2019 on the importance of European remembrance for the future of Europe (2019/2819(RSP)) The European Parliament, – having regard to the universal principles of human rights and the fundamental principles of the European Union as a community based on common values, – having regard to the statement issued on 22 August 2019 by First Vice-President Timmermans and Commissioner Jourová ahead of the Europe-Wide Day of Remembrance for the victims of all totalitarian and authoritarian regimes, – having regard to the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted on 10 December 1948, – having regard to its resolution of 12 May 2005 on the 60th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in Europe on 8 May 19451, – having regard to Resolution 1481 of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe of 26 January 2006 on the need for international condemnation of crimes of totalitarian Communist regimes, – having regard to Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA of 28 November 2008 on combating certain forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by means of criminal law2, – having regard to the Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism adopted on 3 June 2008, – having regard to its declaration on the proclamation of 23 August as European Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Stalinism and Nazism adopted on 23 September 20083, 1 OJ C 92 E, 20.4.2006, p. 392. 2 OJ L 328, 6.12.2008, p.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Nationalism on Territorial Integrity Among Armenians and Serbs Nina Patelic
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2008 The Effects of Nationalism on Territorial Integrity Among Armenians and Serbs Nina Patelic Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES THE EFFECTS OF NATIONALISM ON TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY AMONG ARMENIANS AND SERBS By Nina Patelic A Thesis submitted to the Department of International Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2008 The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Nina Pantelic, defended on September 28th, 2007. ------------------------------- Jonathan Grant Professor Directing Thesis ------------------------------- Peter Garretson Committee Member ------------------------------- Mark Souva Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii ACKOWLEDGEMENTS This paper could not have been written without the academic insight of my thesis committee members, as well as Dr. Kotchikian. I would also like to thank my parents Dr. Svetlana Adamovic and Dr. Predrag Pantelic, my grandfather Dr. Ljubisa Adamovic, my sister Ana Pantelic, and my best friend, Jason Wiggins, who have all supported me over the years. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………..v INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………….1 1. NATIONALISM, AND HOW IT DEVELOPED IN SERBIA AND ARMENIA...6 2. THE CONFLICT OVER KOSOVO AND METOHIJA…………………………...27 3. THE CONFLICT OVER NAGORNO KARABAKH……………………………..56 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………...……….89 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………93 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH………………………………………………………….101 iv ABSTRACT Nationalism has been a driving force in both nation building and in spurring high levels of violence. As nations have become the norm in modern day society, nationalism has become detrimental to international law, which protects the powers of sovereignty.
    [Show full text]
  • The Conference of Enslaved and Oppressed Peoples in Edinburgh
    THE CONFERENCE OF ENSLAVED AND OPPRESSED PEOPLES IN EDINBURGH Cossackia 15-16 (IX.X.1950): 7-14 Translated by Maria Artamonova Over the last years of the Second World War and during the harsh post-war years, the Anti- Bolshevik Bloc of Nations carried out a lot of work in order to consolidate the aspirations and actions of the nations enslaved by Bolshevism, to coordinate their joint efforts in a national liberation movement, and to provide adequate coverage of the problem of these nations for the Western social and political audience. The rich and diverse publications produced in all the main languages and sent to all the countries of the world have accomplished a colossal task. A whole range of socio-political circles in the West now have a considerable interest in the plight of the nations enslaved and oppressed by Bolshevism. Among these circles, it was the Scottish League for European Freedom that put forward the initiative to convene a conference of these nations in the United Kingdom, to make it possible for British circles to get to know the representatives of these nations and their problems. The Scottish League has brought under its protection the conference of all nations enslaved by the Bolsheviks and taken an active part in procuring the required travel documents for the delegates; during the conference itself, the heads of the delegations of the nations represented at the conference were its guests of honour. In order to give the British an opportunity to familiarise themselves with the facts about these nations, the Scottish League released a special English-language brochure on each of them.
    [Show full text]
  • The Caucasus Globalization
    Volume 8 Issue 3-4 2014 1 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE CAUCASUS THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Volume 8 Issue 3-4 2014 CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 2 Volume 8 Issue 3-4 2014 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION FOUNDED AND PUBLISHED BY INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE CAUCASUS Registration number: M-770 Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press® Sweden Registration number: 556699-5964 Registration number of the journal: 1218 Editorial Council Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council (Baku) ISMAILOV Tel/fax: (994 – 12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Kenan Executive Secretary (Baku) ALLAHVERDIEV Tel: (994 – 12) 561 70 54 E-mail: [email protected] Azer represents the journal in Russia (Moscow) SAFAROV Tel: (7 – 495) 937 77 27 E-mail: [email protected] Nodar represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi) KHADURI Tel: (995 – 32) 99 59 67 E-mail: [email protected] Ayca represents the journal in Turkey (Ankara) ERGUN Tel: (+90 – 312) 210 59 96 E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Nazim Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) MUZAFFARLI Tel: (994 – 12) 598 27 53 (Ext. 25) (IMANOV) E-mail: [email protected] Vladimer Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Georgia) PAPAVA Tel: (995 – 32) 24 35 55 E-mail: [email protected] Akif Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) ABDULLAEV Tel: (994 – 12) 561 70 54 E-mail: [email protected] Volume 8 IssueMembers 3-4 2014 of Editorial Board: 3 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Zaza D.Sc. (History), Professor, Corresponding member of the Georgian National Academy of ALEKSIDZE Sciences, head of the scientific department of the Korneli Kekelidze Institute of Manuscripts (Georgia) Mustafa AYDIN Rector of Kadir Has University (Turkey) Irina BABICH D.Sc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 1978, No.20
    www.ukrweekly.com 1 z THE I CBOEOAAXSVOBODA I I " ШШ^Ш Ш УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ЩОДЕННИК ^ШЕ? UKRAINIAN DAtLV Щ Щ UkrainiaENGLISH^ LANGUAGnE WEEKL Y WeeEDITION k у VOL. LXXXV No. 113 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 21, 1978 25 CENTS Welcome Delegates to UNA's 29th Convention in Pittsburgh! Assemblage Begins Weeklong Session Tomorrow; Religious Services, Festive Concert Set for Today PITTSBURGH, Pa.-A total of 406 tions; its sixth was held here in 1900 delegates and 26 members of the Su­ and its 21st in 1946. preme Assembly will be on hand to­ Coinciding with UNA's Convention morrow for the formal opening of the is the centennial of Ukrainian settle­ 29th Convention of the Ukrainian Na­ ment in Pittsburgh and western Penn­ tional Association at the Pittsburgh sylvania. It was in 1878 that the first Hilton here. The assemblage, which Ukrainian immigrant, Andrew meets quadrennially, will meet through Andreyczyn, arrived in this one-time Saturday, May 27. steel capital of the world. His daugh­ Scores of distinguished American ter, Mrs. Mary Reyda, who was the and Ukrainian political and civic lea­ first Ukrainian child to be born in ders are expected to appear in the Pittsburgh, lives at the present time in course of the Convention to extend McKees Rocks, Pa. greetings to the representatives of the In respect to the early Ukrainian pio­ largest and oldest Ukrainian organiza­ neers and in conjunction with the UNA tion in the free world. Pittsburgh was Convention, the week of May 21-27 the site of two previous UNA Conven­ (Continued on page 13) Richard T.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Novels in Marathi Polysystem 87
    RUSSIAN NOVELS IN MARATHI POLYSYSTEM 87 Chapter IV: RUSSIAN NOVELS IN MARATHI POLYSYSTEM The Marathi polysystem created a subsystem of translated literature in the historical colonial context. It also created a space for Russian literature within the subsystem of translated literature as a result of the factors mentioned in the last chapter. This chapter attempts to analyse the trends of translation of some representative Russian texts in Marathi polysystem. We conduct this study with concrete literary works translated into Marathi and try to find out exactly which literary works have been entered into Marathi polysystem since 1932. We need to analyse the factors, which played a decisive role in the selection of these works by Marathi polysystem. It is important to determine the function of Russian literature (Novels, Short Stories and Dramas) in Marathi polysystem. This is what we attempt to touch in our next three chapters. II Russian Literature: A Brief Historical Sketch Before we analyse the translations of Russian literary works in the Marathi polysystem, it becomes essential for us to have a brief historical view of the Russian literature. An account of the development of Russian literary polysystem acquaints us with the process of its formation as well as the major events and literary creations in Russia. This shows us how vast the Russian polysystem is and what part of it has entered into Marathi polysystem through translations. Secondly, this also helps us to define the status of the literary texts (chosen for translation into Marathi) in Russian polysystem. Then eventually we can compare it with the status/role/function of the translated text in the Marathi polysystem.
    [Show full text]