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The Case for Democracy: the Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny A
The Case for Democracy: The Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny a... http://www.carnegiecouncil.org/resources/transcripts/5066.html/:pf_print... The Case for Democracy: The Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny and Terror Natan Sharansky , Joanne J. Myers November 9, 2004 Introduction Remarks Questions and Answers Introduction The Case for JOANNE MYERS: Good morning. I'm Joanne Myers, Director of Merrill House Programs, and Democracy: The Power of Freedom on behalf of the Carnegie Council I would like to say how extremely honored we are to have to Overcome with us this morning Natan Sharansky on the occasion of his recently published book, The Case Tyranny and Terror for Democracy: The Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny and Terror. In reflecting on the challenges facing democracy in the 21st century, Margaret Thatcher once wrote, "It is always true that the world that is can best be understood by those conversant with the world that was. None are more conversant with the realities of the Cold War, or more adept at drawing out its lessons for today, than those who saw it—not just lived through it, but actually saw it for what it was—from the inside." It is with this in mind that we extend a very special welcome to our speaker this morning, Natan Sharansky. From Gulag to guru, Mr. Sharansky's life has personified the struggle for human rights and the ongoing pursuit of dignity for all mankind. Our guest today is a former Soviet dissident and political prisoner who has spent his life championing democracy. -
The Suppression of Jewish Culture by the Soviet Union's Emigration
\\server05\productn\B\BIN\23-1\BIN104.txt unknown Seq: 1 18-JUL-05 11:26 A STRUGGLE TO PRESERVE ETHNIC IDENTITY: THE SUPPRESSION OF JEWISH CULTURE BY THE SOVIET UNION’S EMIGRATION POLICY BETWEEN 1945-1985 I. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL STATUS OF JEWS IN THE SOVIET SOCIETY BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR .................. 159 R II. BEFORE THE BORDERS WERE CLOSED: SOVIET EMIGRATION POLICY UNDER STALIN (1945-1947) ......... 163 R III. CLOSING OF THE BORDER: CESSATION OF JEWISH EMIGRATION UNDER STALIN’S REGIME .................... 166 R IV. THE STRUGGLE CONTINUES: SOVIET EMIGRATION POLICY UNDER KHRUSHCHEV AND BREZHNEV .................... 168 R V. CONCLUSION .............................................. 174 R I. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL STATUS OF JEWS IN THE SOVIET SOCIETY BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR Despite undergoing numerous revisions, neither the Soviet Constitu- tion nor the Soviet Criminal Code ever adopted any laws or regulations that openly or implicitly permitted persecution of or discrimination against members of any minority group.1 On the surface, the laws were always structured to promote and protect equality of rights and status for more than one hundred different ethnic groups. Since November 15, 1917, a resolution issued by the Second All-Russia Congress of the Sovi- ets called for the “revoking of all and every national and national-relig- ious privilege and restriction.”2 The Congress also expressly recognized “the right of the peoples of Russia to free self-determination up to seces- sion and the formation of an independent state.” Identical resolutions were later adopted by each of the 15 Soviet Republics. Furthermore, Article 124 of the 1936 (Stalin-revised) Constitution stated that “[f]reedom of religious worship and freedom of anti-religious propaganda is recognized for all citizens.” 3 1 See generally W.E. -
The Historical Experience of Labor: Archaeological Contributions To
4 Barbara L. Voss (芭芭拉‧沃斯) Pacific Railroad, complained about the scarcity of white labor in California. Crocker proposed that Chinese laborers would be hardworking The Historical Experience and reliable; both he and Stanford had ample of Labor: Archaeological prior experience hiring Chinese immigrants to work in their homes and on previous business Contributions to Interdisciplinary ventures (Howard 1962:227; Williams 1988:96). Research on Chinese Railroad construction superintendent J. H. Stro- Railroad Workers bridge balked but relented when faced with rumors of labor organizing among Irish immi- 劳工的历史经验:考古学对于中 grants. As Crocker’s testimony to the Pacific 国铁路工人之跨学科研究的贡献 Railway Commission later recounted: “Finally he [Strobridge] took in fifty Chinamen, and a ABSTRACT while after that he took in fifty more. Then, they did so well that he took fifty more, and he Since the 1960s, archaeologists have studied the work camps got more and more until we finally got all we of Chinese immigrant and Chinese American laborers who could use, until at one time I think we had ten built the railroads of the American West. The artifacts, sites, or twelve thousand” (Clark 1931:214; Griswold and landscapes provide a rich source of empirical informa- 1962:109−111; Howard 1962:227−228; Chiu tion about the historical experiences of Chinese railroad 1967:46; Kraus 1969a:43; Saxton 1971:60−66; workers. Especially in light of the rarity of documents Mayer and Vose 1975:28; Tsai 1986; Williams authored by the workers themselves, archaeology can provide 1988:96−97; Ambrose 2000:149−152; I. Chang direct evidence of habitation, culinary practices, health care, social relations, and economic networks. -
Russia: CHRONOLOGY DECEMBER 1993 to FEBRUARY 1995
Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///C:/Documents and Settings/brendelt/Desktop/temp rir/CHRONO... Français Home Contact Us Help Search canada.gc.ca Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets Home Issue Paper RUSSIA CHRONOLOGY DECEMBER 1993 TO FEBRUARY 1995 July 1995 Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Research Directorate of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. All sources are cited. This document is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed or conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. For further information on current developments, please contact the Research Directorate. Table of Contents GLOSSARY Political Organizations and Government Structures Political Leaders 1. INTRODUCTION 2. CHRONOLOGY 1993 1994 1995 3. APPENDICES TABLE 1: SEAT DISTRIBUTION IN THE STATE DUMA TABLE 2: REPUBLICS AND REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION MAP 1: RUSSIA 1 of 58 9/17/2013 9:13 AM Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///C:/Documents and Settings/brendelt/Desktop/temp rir/CHRONO... MAP 2: THE NORTH CAUCASUS NOTES ON SELECTED SOURCES REFERENCES GLOSSARY Political Organizations and Government Structures [This glossary is included for easy reference to organizations which either appear more than once in the text of the chronology or which are known to have been formed in the period covered by the chronology. The list is not exhaustive.] All-Russia Democratic Alternative Party. Established in February 1995 by Grigorii Yavlinsky.( OMRI 15 Feb. -
28. Rights Defense and New Citizen's Movement
JOBNAME: EE10 Biddulph PAGE: 1 SESS: 3 OUTPUT: Fri May 10 14:09:18 2019 28. Rights defense and new citizen’s movement Teng Biao 28.1 THE RISE OF THE RIGHTS DEFENSE MOVEMENT The ‘Rights Defense Movement’ (weiquan yundong) emerged in the early 2000s as a new focus of the Chinese democracy movement, succeeding the Xidan Democracy Wall movement of the late 1970s and the Tiananmen Democracy movement of 1989. It is a social movement ‘involving all social strata throughout the country and covering every aspect of human rights’ (Feng Chongyi 2009, p. 151), one in which Chinese citizens assert their constitutional and legal rights through lawful means and within the legal framework of the country. As Benney (2013, p. 12) notes, the term ‘weiquan’is used by different people to refer to different things in different contexts. Although Chinese rights defense lawyers have played a key role in defining and providing leadership to this emerging weiquan movement (Carnes 2006; Pils 2016), numerous non-lawyer activists and organizations are also involved in it. The discourse and activities of ‘rights defense’ (weiquan) originated in the 1990s, when some citizens began using the law to defend consumer rights. The 1990s also saw the early development of rural anti-tax movements, labor rights campaigns, women’s rights campaigns and an environmental movement. However, in a narrow sense as well as from a historical perspective, the term weiquan movement only refers to the rights campaigns that emerged after the Sun Zhigang incident in 2003 (Zhu Han 2016, pp. 55, 60). The Sun Zhigang incident not only marks the beginning of the rights defense movement; it also can be seen as one of its few successes. -
Science Lessons from the Gulag
COMMENT BOOKS & ARTS 1930s. During the Great Terror of 1936–38 alone, some 1.5 million people were arrested and about 700,000 shot in a paroxysm of state-directed violence. In the journey to Wangenheim’s own end, the letters he sent from prison to his daughter Eleonora — just short of four years old at the time of his arrest — offer a counterpoint of hope. It was MEMORIAL/EDITIONS PAULSEN these that inspired the book. Rolin came upon Eleonora’s compila- tion of the letters in 2012, while visiting Russia. There are dozens of beautiful still- life sketches made by the meteorologist in prison — of clouds, aurorae, animals, fruit, aeroplanes, boats, leaves, trees. The colour drawings, some reproduced in the book, were partly a chronicle of life in the Gulag, but also a pedagogical tool. As Rolin notes, Wangenheim “was using plants to teach his daughter the basics of arithmetic and geometry” through riddles outlined in Alexey Wangenheim’s letters home included drawings and riddles about science and nature. accompanying text. In one, the “lobes of a leaf represented the elementary numbers, HISTORY its shape symmetry and asymmetry, while a pine cone illustrated the spiral”. The Solovki prison camp, in which Wangenheim crafted these lessons, was housed in a former Russian Orthodox mon- Science lessons astery on the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea. Although his time there was unimagi- nably harsh — with forced labour, poor food and grossly inadequate health care — the from the Gulag prison was unusual in having a well-stocked library and access to a radio, art supplies and Asif Siddiqi examines a biography of a Soviet stationery. -
The Ukrainian Weekly 1987
ТаІИНPublishtd by tht Ukrainian National A5sociation Inc.. a fraternal non-profit associationу| Vol. LV No.9 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 1.1987 25 cent5 Treblinka survivors' testimony begins Gen. Petro Grigorenko dies NEW YORK - Petro Hryhorovych in Demjanjui( trial's second week Grigorenko, a founding member of Special to Svoboda and The Weekly said, wore black uniforms, while the both the Moscow and Ukrainian Hel Germans were dressed in green. He sinki monitoring groups, and a former JERUSALEM - Two survivors of recalled his experiences in the camp Red Army general, died here at Beth the Treblinka death camp testified this dramatically and emotionally as he had Israel Hospital on Saturday, February week at the war crimes trial of John done in German and American courts, 21. He was 79. Demjanjuk, and both identified the at legal proceedings against, among A tireless defender of human and retired autoworker as "Ivan of Tre others, Feodor Fedorenko and Mr. national rights until his death, Gen. blinka" in dramatic appearances. Demjanjuk. Grigorenko was confined for nearly six During cross-examination of both Mr. Epstein pointed at Mr. Demjan years (1963-1964, 1969-1974) in Soviet witnesses, the defense pointed out juk and shouted, "This is the man, the psychiatric hospitals in retaliation for inconsistencies in each witness's own man sitting over there," in identifying such activities. testimony given at various times as well him as a guard at Treblinka named In 1978, while in the United States for as discrepancies between the testimo Ivan. Some of the spectators at the trial medical treatment, he was stripped of nies of both men. -
October 8, 2013 Mayor Marko Pavic Trg Oslobođenja 1 Prijedor Bosnia
October 8, 2013 Mayor Marko Pavic Trg oslobođenja 1 Prijedor Bosnia and Herzegovina PRIJEDOR ADMINISTRATION MUST ACKNOWLEDGE AND MEMORIALIZE THE CITY’S NON-SERB VICTIMS Mayor Pavic, More than twenty years after the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the soil is still revealing the fate of those who disappeared in the midst of widespread violence in the early 1990s. Recent reports indicate that a mass grave uncovered in Tomasica, in the municipality of Prijedor, in which you serve as the mayor, is likely to contain tens, if not hundreds, of civilian victims disappeared in 1992, during the campaign of “ethnic cleansing” directed by Bosnian Serb authorities against their Bosniak and Croat neighbors. More than 3,000 citizens of Prijedor were killed or disappeared during a systematic, well-organized campaign of persecution that has been amply documented by international and Bosnian courts. The images of emaciated detainees behind the barbed wire in camps like Omarska, Trnopolje, and Keraterm are still a mark of horror remembered by the world. More than 1200 of those taken to the camps are still listed as disappeared. After all of these years, their families do not have the closure of knowing what happened to them, nor the basic consolation of a gravestone where they can mourn them. In your role as mayor, you have so far refused to allow a memorial for these victims to be built in Prijedor and you, personally, have stopped an initiative to build a memorial at the site of the Omarska detention camp. Further, while serving in this public capacity, you have targeted victims’ families and survivors for organizing public events and using the word “genocide” to describe what they experienced. -
Threats to Russian Democracy and US-Russian Relations
After Chechnya: Threats to Russian Democracy and U.S.-Russian Relations ARIEL COHEN Introduction : All Politics Is Local , Al¡ Foreign Policy Is Domestic Half a year alter Russian tanks rolled into Chechnya, the future of Russian democracy and free markets is under threat. The internal situation in Russia bears a direct influence on Russia's relations with the outside world and the United States. While the world's leaders gather in Moscow to celebrate the victory over Nazism, Russian Foreign Minister Andrei Kozyrev is calling for the use of force to "protect" Russian co-ethnics living outside the borders of the Russian Federation. Kozyrev's declarations go beyond mere rhetoric. Russia is introducing its new 58th field army in the Northern Caucasus, in clear and conscious violation of the Conventional Forces Europe (CFE) Treaty, a centerpiece of post-Cold War European security. If Russia is not planning an agressive action either against Ukraine or its Transcaucasus neighbors, why does it need to revise upwards the CFE limitations of 164 tanks and 414 artillery systems? Why was General Alexander Lebed, a self-proclaimed restorer of the old Soviet Union and Commander of the l4th Army in Moldova, applauding Kozyrev? Chechnya became the testing ground for the new Russian policy, both foreign and domestic. The people who engineered it, the so-called Party of War in Moscow, are watching for reactions at honre and abroad to this version of the "last thrust South." The West is facing its greatest challenge since the collapse of communism: how to deal with the Russia that is emerging from under the rubble. -
Health Sector Field Directory
HEALTH SECTOR FIELD DIRECTORY Republic of Chechnya Republic of Ingushetia Russian Federation June 2004 World Health Organization Nazran, Republic of Ingushetia TABLE OF CONTENTS ORGANIZATION 1. Agency for Rehabilitation and Development (ARD/Denal) 2. CARE Canada 3. Centre for Peacemaking and Community Development (CPCD) 4. Danish Refugee Council/Danish Peoples Aid (DRC/DPA) 5. Hammer FOrum e. V. 6. Handicap International 7. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 8. International Humanitarian Initiative (IHI) 9. International Medical Corps (IMC) 10. Islamic Relief (IR) 11. International Rescue Committee (IRC) 12. Medecins du Monde (MDM) 13. Medecins Sans Frontieres – Belgium (MSF-B) 14. Error! Reference source not found. 15. Medecins Sans Frontieres - Holland (MSF-H) 16. Medecins Sans Frontieres - Switzerland (MSF-CH) 17. Memorial 18. People in Need (PIN) 19. Polish Humanitarian Organisation (PHO) 20. Save the Generation 21. SERLO 22. UNICEF 23. World Vision 24. World Health Organization (WHO) 2 Agency for Rehabilitation and Development (ARD/Denal) Sector: Health; Food; Non-Food Items; Education Location: Chechnya and Ingushetia Objectives: To render psychosocial support to people affected by the conflict; to provide specialised medical services for women and medical aid for the IDP population; to support education and recreational activities; to supply supplementary food products to vulnerable IDP categories with specific nutritional needs; to provide basic hygienic items and clothes for new-born; to help the IDP community to establish a support system for its members making use of available resources. Beneficiaries: IDP children, youth, women and men in Ingushetia and residents in Chechnya Partners: UNICEF, SDC/SHA CONTACT INFORMATION: INGUSHETIA Moscow Karabulak, Evdoshenko St. -
Human Rights and History a Challenge for Education
edited by Rainer Huhle HUMAN RIGHTS AND HISTORY A CHALLENGE FOR EDUCATION edited by Rainer Huhle H UMAN The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Genocide Convention of 1948 were promulgated as an unequivocal R response to the crimes committed under National Socialism. Human rights thus served as a universal response to concrete IGHTS historical experiences of injustice, which remains valid to the present day. As such, the Universal Declaration and the Genocide Convention serve as a key link between human rights education and historical learning. AND This volume elucidates the debates surrounding the historical development of human rights after 1945. The authors exam- H ine a number of specific human rights, including the prohibition of discrimination, freedom of opinion, the right to asylum ISTORY and the prohibition of slavery and forced labor, to consider how different historical experiences and legal traditions shaped their formulation. Through the examples of Latin America and the former Soviet Union, they explore the connections · A CHALLENGE FOR EDUCATION between human rights movements and human rights education. Finally, they address current challenges in human rights education to elucidate the role of historical experience in education. ISBN-13: 978-3-9810631-9-6 © Foundation “Remembrance, Responsibility and Future” Stiftung “Erinnerung, Verantwortung und Zukunft” Lindenstraße 20–25 10969 Berlin Germany Tel +49 (0) 30 25 92 97- 0 Fax +49 (0) 30 25 92 -11 [email protected] www.stiftung-evz.de Editor: Rainer Huhle Translation and Revision: Patricia Szobar Coordination: Christa Meyer Proofreading: Julia Brooks and Steffi Arendsee Typesetting and Design: dakato…design. David Sernau Printing: FATA Morgana Verlag ISBN-13: 978-3-9810631-9-6 Berlin, February 2010 Photo Credits: Cover page, left: Stèphane Hessel at the conference “Rights, that make us Human Beings” in Nuremberg, November 2008. -
Organized Crime and the Russian State Challenges to U.S.-Russian Cooperation
Organized Crime and the Russian State Challenges to U.S.-Russian Cooperation J. MICHAEL WALLER "They write I'm the mafia's godfather. It was Vladimir Ilich Lenin who was the real organizer of the mafia and who set up the criminal state." -Otari Kvantrishvili, Moscow organized crime leader.l "Criminals Nave already conquered the heights of the state-with the chief of the KGB as head of a mafia group." -Former KGB Maj. Gen. Oleg Kalugin.2 Introduction As the United States and Russia launch a Great Crusade against organized crime, questions emerge not only about the nature of joint cooperation, but about the nature of organized crime itself. In addition to narcotics trafficking, financial fraud and racketecring, Russian organized crime poses an even greater danger: the theft and t:rafficking of weapons of mass destruction. To date, most of the discussion of organized crime based in Russia and other former Soviet republics has emphasized the need to combat conven- tional-style gangsters and high-tech terrorists. These forms of criminals are a pressing danger in and of themselves, but the problem is far more profound. Organized crime-and the rarnpant corruption that helps it flourish-presents a threat not only to the security of reforms in Russia, but to the United States as well. The need for cooperation is real. The question is, Who is there in Russia that the United States can find as an effective partner? "Superpower of Crime" One of the greatest mistakes the West can make in working with former Soviet republics to fight organized crime is to fall into the trap of mirror- imaging.