The Transport Trend of Thailand and Malaysia
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Executive Summary Report The Potential Assessment and Readiness of Transport Infrastructure and Services in Thailand for ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Content Page 1. Introduction 1.1 Rationales 1 1.2 Objectives of Study 1 1.3 Scopes of Study 2 1.4 Methodology of Study 4 2. Current Status of Thailand Transport System in Line with Transport Agreement of ASEAN Community 2.1 Master Plan and Agreement on Transport System in ASEAN 5 2.2 Major Transport Systems for ASEAN Economic Community 7 2.2.1 ASEAN Highway Network 7 2.2.2 Major Railway Network for ASEAN Economic Community 9 2.2.3 Main Land Border Passes for ASEAN Economic Community 10 2.2.4 Main Ports for ASEAN Economic Community 11 2.2.5 Main Airports for ASEAN Economic Community 12 2.3 Efficiency of Current Transport System for ASEAN Economic Community 12 3. Performance of Thailand Economy and Transport Trend after the Beginning of ASEAN Economic Community 3.1 Factors Affecting Cross-Border Trade and Transit 14 3.2 Economic Development for Production Base Thriving in Thailand 15 3.2.1 The analysis of International Economic and Trade of Thailand and ASEAN 15 3.2.2 Major Production Bases and Commodity Flow of Prospect Products 16 3.2.3 Selection of Potential Industries to be the Common Production Bases of Thailand 17 and ASEAN 3.2.4 Current Situation of Targeted Industries 18 3.2.5 Linkage of Targeted Industries at Border Areas, Important Production Bases, 19 and Inner Domestic Areas TransConsult Co., Ltd. King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi 2T Consulting and Management Co., Ltd. i Executive Summary Report The Potential Assessment and Readiness of Transport Infrastructure and Services in Thailand for ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Content (Cont’d) Page 3.3 Trend of Thailand’s Trade and Tourism after the Beginning of 21 ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) 3.3.1 Trend of Thailand’s Trade after the Beginning of AEC 21 3.3.2 Development of Thailand’s Tourism after the Beginning of AEC 23 3.4 Future Transport Routes after the Beginning of AEC 25 3.5 Freight and Passenger Transport via Main Gateways and Major Transport Routes 29 after the Beginning of AEC 3.5.1 Future Truck Volume via Main Gateways 29 3.5.2 Future Passenger Volume via Main Gateways 31 3.5.3 Future Number of Trucks and Passengers on Main Highways 34 3.6 Efficiency of Future Transport System under Existing Transport Plan 38 4. Analysis of Transport Standards and Facilities for ASEAN Economic Community 4.1 Standards of Transport and Logistics Services at Border Passes 44 4.1.1 Performance of Transport Logistics System of Country Members of ASEAN and GMS 44 4.1.2 Standards of Transport Logistics System of ASEAN and GMS Country Members 45 4.1.3 Logistics Standard Problems in ASEAN and GMS Country Members 47 4.2 Exchange of Traffic Rights, Safety Standard of Freight, Requirements for 47 the Admittance of Road Vehicles and Market Access and Licensing 4.3 Possibility of Road Surcharges Collection from Foreign Vehicles 52 4.3.1 Road Maintenance Costs 52 4.3.2 Environmental Cost 53 4.3.3 Guideline for Collection of Road surcharges from Foreign Vehicles 54 4.4 Possibility of Intermodal Facilities Establishment and their Functional Layout 56 4.5 Possibility of Rest Area Establishment 59 4.6 Analysis of Private Sector Capacity in Providing Transport and Logistics Services 62 TransConsult Co., Ltd. King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi 2T Consulting and Management Co., Ltd. ii Executive Summary Report The Potential Assessment and Readiness of Transport Infrastructure and Services in Thailand for ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Content (Cont’d) Page 5. Transport Infrastructure and Management Ready Plan for ASEAN Economic Community 5.1 Transport Strategies for AEC 64 5.2 Transport Infrastructure and Management Ready Plan for ASEAN Economic Community 72 5.3 Impacts of the Implementation of the Preparation Plan for AEC 118 TransConsult Co., Ltd. King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi 2T Consulting and Management Co., Ltd. iii Executive Summary Report The Potential Assessment and Readiness of Transport Infrastructure and Services in Thailand for ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) List of Tables Page Table 2.1-1 Agreement on transportation by transport modes 6 Table 3.1-1 Effects of changes in factors affecting trade volumes 14 Table 3.3-1 Import and export values of Thailand’s border trade and transit trade 22 (Only Top ten products with highest values) Table 3.3-2 Forecasted Tourists after the beginning of AEC in 2015 and 2020 24 as classified by modes and nationality Table 3.5-1 Amount of freight trucks through main border passes in year 2012, 2015 and 2020 30 Table 3.5-2 Total numbers of inbound and outbound passengers through the major gateways 32 for AEC in Year 2012, 2015 and 2020 Table 3.5-3 Expected number of buses and passenger cars through potential border passes 33 for AEC in Year 2012, 2015 and 2020 Table 3.5-4 AADT on Main Highways in 2015 and 2020 after the opening of AEC 35 Table 3.6-1 Transport development plan used in the efficiency analysis of transport system 38 and its terminals in the future Table 4.1-1 Processing Time at Border Pass 46 Table 4.2-1 The progress of the agreement under the ASEAN framework 48 Table 4.2-2 Comparison of standards on vehicle efficiency 50 Table 4.2-3 Comparison of standard on vehicle dimension 50 Table 4.2-4 Comparison of standard on maximum weight 50 Table 4.2-5 Development plan of Dangerous Goods transport system by road during 2010-2019 51 Table 4.3-1 Road Surcharges on AH1 route from Mae Sot to Ban Klong Luek by Type of Vehicle 53 Table 4.3-2 Global warming cost of each vehicle type 54 Table 4.3-3 Air pollution costs of each vehicle type 54 Table 4.3-4 Estimation of Road Fee Collection 54 Table 4.4-1 Recommendation of Truck Terminals and Intermodal Facilities Development 57 at Border Area in the Future Table 5.2-1 Transport Infrastructure and Management Ready Plan for AEC, 2014-2035 74 TransConsult Co., Ltd. King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi 2T Consulting and Management Co., Ltd. iv Executive Summary Report The Potential Assessment and Readiness of Transport Infrastructure and Services in Thailand for ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) List of Figures Page Figure 1.4-1 Methodology of Study 4 Figure 2.2-1 Designated Transit Transport Routes (TTR) according to protocol 1 8 Figure 2.2-2 Missing links of railway track for Singapore-Kunming Railway Line (SKRL) 9 Figure 2.2-3 Locations of Potential Border Passes for AEC 10 Figure 2.2-4 Location of Main ports for AEC 11 Figure 2.2-5 Locations of Main Airports for AEC 12 Figure 2.2-6 The linkage between travel volume and the efficiency of the transport network 13 for infrastructure development Figure 3.4-1 Border Trade of Twin City Concept 25 Figure 3.4-2 Transit Transport Route: TTR 26 Figure 3.4-3 Potential routes after beginning of AEC between Bangkok and main gateways 27 Figure 3.6-1 The forecast of traffic congestion on ASEAN Highway 40 Figure 3.6-2 The forecast of traffic congestion at border pass 40 Figure 3.6-3 The forecast of reserved capacity of railway sections 41 Figure 3.6-4 The forecasted density of the ports 41 Figure 3.6-5 The forecasted density of airport capacity 43 Figure 4.4-1 Functional Layout of Truck Terminal 57 Figure 4.4-2 Functional Layout of Intermodal Facilities 58 Figure 4.5-1 Recommended Location for Truck Rest Area in Thailand during short term, 61 medium term and long term phase Figure 5.1-1 Transport Strategies for AEC 65 Figure 5.1-2 Transport Strategies and Tactics 66 Figure 5.2-1 Location of the Project under the Transport Infrastructure 114 and Facilities Preparation Plan for the Northern Region Figure 5.2-2 Location of the Project under the Transport Infrastructure 115 and Facilities Preparation Plan for the Central, Eastern and Western Regions Figure 5.2-3 Location of the Project under the Plan for the Preparation of Infrastructure 116 and Facilities for Northeastern Thailand Figure 5.2-4 Location of the Project under the Transport Infrastructure 117 and Facilities Preparation Plan for the Southern Region TransConsult Co., Ltd. King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi 2T Consulting and Management Co., Ltd. v Executive Summary Report The Potential Assessment and Readiness of Transport Infrastructure and Services in Thailand for ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Executive Summary Report 1. Introduction 2. Current Status of Thailand Transport System in Line with Transport Agreement of ASEAN Community 3. Performance of Thailand Economy and Transport Trend after the Beginning of ASEAN Economic Community 4. Analysis of Transport Standards and Facilities for ASEAN Economic Community 5. Transport Infrastructure and Management Ready Plan for ASEAN Economic Community 1. Introduction 1.1 Rationales ASEAN Economic Community (hereinafter referred as AEC) was established by 10 countries within the Southeast Asia including Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Brunei Cambodia, Lao, Vietnam and Myanmar. The goal of AEC establishment is to complete ASEAN Vision in 2020, which is to create stability, wealth and to improve competitiveness of ASEAN in comparison with the other regions. The success of AEC will lead to closer and better economic relationship among member countries, which will lead to more convenient travel within the region.