Proposal to Encode Telugu Sign Nukta
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75 Characters Maximum
Kannada Script LGR Proposal Introduction, Current Analysis and Next Steps Dr. U.B. Pavanaja NBGP F2F Meeting, Colombo 14 December 2017 | 1 Agenda 1 2 3 Introduction to Repertoire Analysis Within Script Kannada Script Variants 4 5 6 Cross-Script WLE Rules Current Status and Variants Next Steps for Completion | 2 Introduction to Kannada Script Population – there are about 60 million speakers of Kannada language which uses Kannada script. Geographical area - Kannada is spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka State of India. It is also spoken by significant linguistic minorities in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Kerala, Goa and abroad Languages written in Kannada script – Kannada, Tulu, Kodava (Coorgi), Konkani, Havyaka, Sanketi, Beary (byaari), Arebaase, Koraga | 3 Classification of Characters Swaras (vowels) Letter ಅ ಆ ಇ ಈ ಉ ಊ ಋ ಎ ಏ ಐ ಒ ಓ ಔ Vowel sign/ N/Aಾ ಾ ಾ ಾ ಾ ಾ ಾ ಾ ಾ ಾ ಾ ಾ matra Yogavahas In Kannada, all consonants Anusvara ಅಂ (vyanjanas) when written as ಕ (ka), ಖ (kha), ಗ (ga), etc. actually have a built-in vowel sign (matra) Visarga ಅಃ of vowel ಅ (a) in them. | 4 Classification of Characters Vargeeya vyanjana (structured consonants) voiceless voiceless aspirate voiced voiced aspirate nasal Velars ಕ ಖ ಗ ಘ ಙ Palatals ಚ ಛ ಜ ಝ ಞ Retroflex ಟ ಠ ಡ ಢ ಣ Dentals ತ ಥ ದ ಧ ನ Labials ಪ ಫ ಬ ಭ ಮ Avargeeya vyanjana (unstructured consonants) ಯ ರ ಱ (obsolete) ಲ ವ ಶ ಷ ಸ ಹ ಳ ೞ (obsolete) | 5 Repertoire Included-1 Sr. Unicode Glyph Character Name Unicode Indic Ref Widespread No. Code General Syllabic use ? Point Category Category [Yes/No] 1 0C82 ಂ KANNADA SIGN ANUSVARA Mc Anusvara Yes 2 0C83 ಂ KANNADA SIGN VISARGA Mc Visarga Yes 3 0C85 ಅ KANNADA LETTER A Lo Vowel Yes 4 0C86 ಆ KANNADA LETTER AA Lo Vowel Yes 5 0C87 ಇ KANNADA LETTER I Lo Vowel Yes 6 0C88 ಈ KANNADA LETTER II Lo Vowel Yes 7 0C89 ಉ KANNADA LETTER U Lo Vowel Yes 8 0C8A ಊ KANNADA LETTER UU Lo Vowel Yes KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC 9 0C8B ಋ R Lo Vowel Yes 10 0C8E ಎ KANNADA LETTER E Lo Vowel Yes | 6 Repertoire Included-2 Sr. -
Assessment of Options for Handling Full Unicode Character Encodings in MARC21 a Study for the Library of Congress
1 Assessment of Options for Handling Full Unicode Character Encodings in MARC21 A Study for the Library of Congress Part 1: New Scripts Jack Cain Senior Consultant Trylus Computing, Toronto 1 Purpose This assessment intends to study the issues and make recommendations on the possible expansion of the character set repertoire for bibliographic records in MARC21 format. 1.1 “Encoding Scheme” vs. “Repertoire” An encoding scheme contains codes by which characters are represented in computer memory. These codes are organized according to a certain methodology called an encoding scheme. The list of all characters so encoded is referred to as the “repertoire” of characters in the given encoding schemes. For example, ASCII is one encoding scheme, perhaps the one best known to the average non-technical person in North America. “A”, “B”, & “C” are three characters in the repertoire of this encoding scheme. These three characters are assigned encodings 41, 42 & 43 in ASCII (expressed here in hexadecimal). 1.2 MARC8 "MARC8" is the term commonly used to refer both to the encoding scheme and its repertoire as used in MARC records up to 1998. The ‘8’ refers to the fact that, unlike Unicode which is a multi-byte per character code set, the MARC8 encoding scheme is principally made up of multiple one byte tables in which each character is encoded using a single 8 bit byte. (It also includes the EACC set which actually uses fixed length 3 bytes per character.) (For details on MARC8 and its specifications see: http://www.loc.gov/marc/.) MARC8 was introduced around 1968 and was initially limited to essentially Latin script only. -
Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)
Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR) Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR) LGR Version: 3.0 Date: 2019-03-06 Document version: 2.6 Authors: Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel [NBGP] 1. General Information/ Overview/ Abstract The purpose of this document is to give an overview of the proposed Kannada LGR in the XML format and the rationale behind the design decisions taken. It includes a discussion of relevant features of the script, the communities or languages using it, the process and methodology used and information on the contributors. The formal specification of the LGR can be found in the accompanying XML document: proposal-kannada-lgr-06mar19-en.xml Labels for testing can be found in the accompanying text document: kannada-test-labels-06mar19-en.txt 2. Script for which the LGR is Proposed ISO 15924 Code: Knda ISO 15924 N°: 345 ISO 15924 English Name: Kannada Latin transliteration of the native script name: Native name of the script: ಕನ#ಡ Maximal Starting Repertoire (MSR) version: MSR-4 Some languages using the script and their ISO 639-3 codes: Kannada (kan), Tulu (tcy), Beary, Konkani (kok), Havyaka, Kodava (kfa) 1 Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR) 3. Background on Script and Principal Languages Using It 3.1 Kannada language Kannada is one of the scheduled languages of India. It is spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka State of India. It is one of the major languages among the Dravidian languages. Kannada is also spoken by significant linguistic minorities in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Kerala, Goa and abroad. -
Know Your Keyboard Description Key 1,4 Join/Virama/Halant 2
Know Your Keyboard 1 2 3 4 5 6 Description Key 1,4 Join/Virama/Halant 2 Combination/Shift 3 Function/Fn 5 Num Lock* Fn + F11 6 Language Switch** Fn + F12 *Toggle Num Lock to switch between native numbers and English numbers. 1 ** Language Switch works on Windows, Linux and Android. For macOS, a configuration in settings is required. Note: If numbers are appearing in English, turn off Num Lock. Connecting Your Keyboard To Computer – Plug-in the cable to USB port on your computer. To Android Phone/Tablet 3 2 1 Use USB-to-OTG connector to plug-in keyboard. 2 Language and Layout You can use one keyboard to type multiple languages. You need to install at least one language to type. Language Layout Bengali Ka-Naada Bengali Keyboard Assamese Devanagari Sanskrit Hindi Ka-Naada Hindi Keyboard Marathi Neapli English Ka-Naada English Keyboard Guajarati Ka-Naada Guajarati Keyboard Kannada Ka-Naada Kannada Keyboard Malayalam Ka-Naada Malayalam Keyboard Tulu Odiya Ka-Naada Odiya Keyboard Panjabi Ka-Naada Gurmukhi Keyboard Telugu Ka-Naada Telugu Keyboard 3 Note: You need to switch to Ka-Naada input language before typing. Note: To switch between the languages you’re using, repeatedly press Language Switch key to cycle through all your installed languages. Language Pack Installation Go to https://ka-naada.com/downloads/ and click on the “Download” button in front of your operating system. Installation – Windows 1. Open your “Downloads” folder and locate “kanaada_keyboards.zip”. 2. Right click on zip file and choose “Extract Here” from the option menu. 3. -
Analysis of Comments for Telugu Script LGR Proposal for the Root Zone Revision: June 30, 2019
Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel: Analysis of comments for Telugu script LGR Proposal for the Root Zone Revision: June 30, 2019 Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel (NBGP) published the Telugu script LGR Propsoal for the Root Zone for public comment on 8 August 2018. This document is an additional document of the public comment report, collecting NBGP analyses as well as the concluded responses. There is 1 (one) comment submission. The analysis is as follow: No. 1 From Liang Hai Subject A Quick review of the Telugu proposal Comment 2, “telɯgɯ”: This is probably a phonetic transcription, not an accurate transliteration that should be used in this document. NBGP The NBGP acknowledges the comment. Analysis NBGP Updated the proposal in section 2 to use ‘Telugu’ Response Comment 3.5, “… and 16 dependent signs”: 15. NBGP There are 16 Matras: 14 Matras are in the repertoire, 2 Matras are Analysis excluded from the repertoire. NBGP No action required. Response Comment 3.5.1: Vocalic l should be categorized with vocalic rr and vocalic ll. Transliteration of vocalic ll is wrong. NBGP Agree. Analysis NBGP Update as suggested. Response 1 Comment 3.5.1, R1, “ca= a consonant with an inherent ‘a’”: When discussing text encoding, Indic consonants naturally are with an inherent vowel. Try to distinguish phonetic seQuence and written forms and encoded character sequence. The 3 lines under R1 are not helpful. NBGP The comment does not affect the normative part of the LGR. Analysis NBGP No action required. Response Comment 3.5.3: The introduction of arasunna usage is unclear. Is it commonly used today or not? NBGP The arsunna is not used frequently and it is not in the MSR. -
The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0--Online Edition
This PDF file is an excerpt from The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0, issued by the Unicode Consor- tium and published by Addison-Wesley. The material has been modified slightly for this online edi- tion, however the PDF files have not been modified to reflect the corrections found on the Updates and Errata page (http://www.unicode.org/errata/). For information on more recent versions of the standard, see http://www.unicode.org/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Addison-Wesley was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial capital letters. However, not all words in initial capital letters are trademark designations. The Unicode® Consortium is a registered trademark, and Unicode™ is a trademark of Unicode, Inc. The Unicode logo is a trademark of Unicode, Inc., and may be registered in some jurisdictions. The authors and publisher have taken care in preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode®, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. Dai Kan-Wa Jiten used as the source of reference Kanji codes was written by Tetsuji Morohashi and published by Taishukan Shoten. -
Proposal to Encode 0C34 TELUGU LETTER LLLA
Proposal to encode 0C34 TELUGU LETTER LLLA Shriramana Sharma, Suresh Kolichala, Nagarjuna Venna, Vinodh Rajan jamadagni, suresh.kolichala, vnagarjuna and vinodh.vinodh: *-at-gmail.com 2012Jan-17 §1. Character to be encoded 0C34 TELUGU LETTER LLLA §2. Background LLLA is the Unicode term for the native form in South Indian scripts of the voiced retroflex approximant. It is an ill-informed notion that it is limited or unique to one particular language or script. Such written forms are already known to exist in Tamil, Malayalam and Kannada and characters for the same are already encoded in Unicode. Evidence for the native presence of corresponding written forms of LLLA in other South Indian scripts, which may or may not be identical to characters already encoded, is forthcoming. This document provides evidence for Telugu LLLA identical to Kannada LLLA and requests its encoding. Similar evidence is to be expected for other South Indian scripts in future as well. §3. Attestation Currently the Telugu script does not use LLLA. However historic usage before the 10th century is undeniably attested. When the literary Telugu language was effectively standardized by the time of the Mahābhārata of Nannayya in the 11th century, this letter had disappeared from use. It is clear that this disappeared from the Telugu language long before it disappeared from Kannada. However, it was definitely used as part of the Telugu script and language and is considered a Telugu character by Telugu epigraphist scholars. Even though the pre-10th-century Telugu writing had much (more) in common with the Kannada writing of those days and is perhaps better analysed as a single proto-Telugu Kannada script, and hence the older written form would not be a part of the modern Telugu 1 script currently encoded in the block 0C00-0C7F, the modern written form used when transcribing the older form is most definitely a part of the modern Telugu script and hence should be encoded as part of it. -
An Introduction to Indic Scripts
An Introduction to Indic Scripts Richard Ishida W3C [email protected] HTML version: http://www.w3.org/2002/Talks/09-ri-indic/indic-paper.html PDF version: http://www.w3.org/2002/Talks/09-ri-indic/indic-paper.pdf Introduction This paper provides an introduction to the major Indic scripts used on the Indian mainland. Those addressed in this paper include specifically Bengali, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Tamil, and Telugu. I have used XHTML encoded in UTF-8 for the base version of this paper. Most of the XHTML file can be viewed if you are running Windows XP with all associated Indic font and rendering support, and the Arial Unicode MS font. For examples that require complex rendering in scripts not yet supported by this configuration, such as Bengali, Oriya, and Malayalam, I have used non- Unicode fonts supplied with Gamma's Unitype. To view all fonts as intended without the above you can view the PDF file whose URL is given above. Although the Indic scripts are often described as similar, there is a large amount of variation at the detailed implementation level. To provide a detailed account of how each Indic script implements particular features on a letter by letter basis would require too much time and space for the task at hand. Nevertheless, despite the detail variations, the basic mechanisms are to a large extent the same, and at the general level there is a great deal of similarity between these scripts. It is certainly possible to structure a discussion of the relevant features along the same lines for each of the scripts in the set. -
N4185 Preliminary Proposal to Encode Siddham in ISO/IEC 10646
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N4185 L2/12-011R 2012-05-03 Preliminary Proposal to Encode Siddham in ISO/IEC 10646 Anshuman Pandey Department of History University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. [email protected] May 3, 2012 1 Introduction This is a preliminary proposal to encode the Siddham script in the Universal Character Set (ISO/IEC 10646). It is a collaborative effort between the Script Encoding Initiative (SEI) at the University of California, Berke- ley and the Shingon Buddhist International Institute, Fresno, California. Feedback is requested from experts and users of the script. Comments may be submitted to the author at the email address given above. Siddham is a Brahmi-based writing system that originated in India, but which is used primarily in East Asia. At present it is associated with esoteric Buddhist traditions in Japan. Nevertheless, Siddham is structurally an Indic script and its proposed encoding adheres to the UCS model for Brahmi-based writing systems, such as Devanagari and similar scripts. The technical description for Siddham given here may differ from the traditional analysis and philosophical interpretations of the script and its constituent characters and glyphs. An attempt has been made to encode all distinct characters attested in Siddham records, although more characters may be uncovered through additional research. The characters that are proposed for encoding have been analyzed in accordance with the character-glyph model of the UCS. As a result, the proposed encoding may contain characters that are not part of traditional character repertoires. It may also exclude characters that are traditionally regarded as independent letters, such as conjuncts, which are to be represented in the manner specified by the UCS encoding model. -
A Barrier to Indic-Language Implementation of Unicode Is the Perception That Encoding Order in Unicode Is Equivalent to Lingui
Issues in Indic Language Collation Issues in Indic Language Collation Cathy Wissink Program Manager, Windows Globalization Microsoft Corporation I. Introduction As the software market for India1 grows, so does the interest in developing products for this market, and Unicode is part of many vendors’ solutions. However, many software vendors see a barrier to implementing Unicode on products for the Indic-language market. This barrier is the perception that deficiencies in Unicode will keep software developers from creating products that are culturally and linguistically appropriate for the Indian market. This perception manifests itself in a number of ways, but one major concern that the Indic language community has voiced is the fact that the Unicode character encoding order is not appropriate for linguistic collation (or sorting). This belief that character encoding order in Unicode must be equivalent to linguistic collation of these same scripts and their respective languages is considered by some developers a blocking point to adoption of Unicode in the Indian market, and is indicative of the greater concern within the Indic-language community about the feasibility of Unicode for their scripts. This paper will demonstrate that this perceived barrier to Unicode adoption does not exist and that it is possible to provide properly globalized software for the Indic market with the current implementation of Unicode, using the example of Indic language collation. A brief history of Indic encodings will be given to set the stage for the current mentality regarding Unicode in the Indian market. The basics of linguistic collation and its application to Indic scripts will then be discussed, compared to encoding, and demonstrated as it exists on Windows XP. -
World Braille Usage, Third Edition
World Braille Usage Third Edition Perkins International Council on English Braille National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped Library of Congress UNESCO Washington, D.C. 2013 Published by Perkins 175 North Beacon Street Watertown, MA, 02472, USA International Council on English Braille c/o CNIB 1929 Bayview Avenue Toronto, Ontario Canada M4G 3E8 and National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., USA Copyright © 1954, 1990 by UNESCO. Used by permission 2013. Printed in the United States by the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, Library of Congress, 2013 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data World braille usage. — Third edition. page cm Includes index. ISBN 978-0-8444-9564-4 1. Braille. 2. Blind—Printing and writing systems. I. Perkins School for the Blind. II. International Council on English Braille. III. Library of Congress. National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. HV1669.W67 2013 411--dc23 2013013833 Contents Foreword to the Third Edition .................................................................................................. viii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... x The International Phonetic Alphabet .......................................................................................... xi References ............................................................................................................................ -
Proposal to Annotate Brahmi Sign Anusvara Vinodh Rajan [email protected] Shriramana Sharma [email protected]
P a g e | 1 Proposal to Annotate Brahmi Sign Anusvara Vinodh Rajan [email protected] Shriramana Sharma [email protected] 1 Introduction L2/19-402 initially proposed the addition of 6 Old Tamil characters to the Brahmi block, out of which 5 were accepted by the UTC #162 in January 2020. The dot-shaped Old Tamil Virama was not accepted due to the block already having another dot-shaped character i.e. U+11001 the Brahmi Anusvara character, which could possibly be repurposed to represent the Old Tamil Virama. It was also suggested to reconsider the unification with the existing Virama character. This document proposes the unification of the Brahmi Anusvara and the Old Tamil Virama and requests that the existing Brahmi Anusvara character be annotated for its additional usage as the Tamil-Brahmi Virama. 2 Positioning of Brahmi Anusvara and Tamil-Brahmi Virama The Brahmi Anusvara is a dot-shaped character usually placed at the top-right position. However, it may also be placed at the top or even at the bottom-right position. Below shown are examples from Indoskript1 for occurrences of the following syllables - /aṃ/, /khaṃ/, /kiṃ/, /tuṃ/ & /luṃ/ - between 300 BCE and 100 CE. 1 http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/falk/ P a g e | 2 Old Tamil Virama is also a dot-shaped character, which can occur in multiple positions. From Early Tamil Epigraphy by Iravatham Mahadevan https://www.cmi.ac.in/gift/Epigraphy/epig_vikramangalam_not%20considered.htm Standardized representation of Tamil in recent books also shows variation in positioning: http://know-your-heritage.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_14.html Old Tamil Virama occurring at the top position P a g e | 3 https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/dec/12/this-is-how-thiruvalluvar-wrote- thirukkural-couplets-1910278.html Old Tamil Virama occurring to the left As it can been seen, both the Anusvara and the Old Tamil Virama are dot-shaped characters with variable positioning.