Researching Faith and Identity in a Contemporary Catholic Youth Movement in Canada
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Journeying to the Father: Researching Faith and Identity in a Contemporary Catholic Youth Movement in Canada Paul Gareau Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctorate in Philosophy degree in Religious Studies Department of Classics and Religious Studies Faculty of Arts University of Ottawa © Paul Gareau, Ottawa, Canada, 2016 Abstract The New Evangelization (NE) is a recent development in the Catholic Church. It seeks to preserve, restore, and re-invigorate Catholic religious identity in the face of what it perceives to be a dominance of secular values. This proselytization program instigates personal religiosity among adherents in the hopes of forming an evangelical Catholic identity. However, little is known of the processes and discourses of Catholic evangelization, especially among young people in Canada. This thesis responds to the main question: How are young people engaging and interpreting evangelical modes of religious and socio-political identity, and integrating or negotiating this worldview within a pluralist Canadian society? This research, therefore, focuses on an annual summer Catholic youth conference called Journey to the Father as a case study that sheds light on the dissemination of Catholic perspectives, the development of a personal and charismatic religious experience, and the instigation of an evangelical impetus in young Catholic participants. Using participant observation and semi-structured interviews with both the adult organizers (ages 18 and older) and young participants (ages 13–18) in Journey to the Father, this research examines the processes of identity formation through affective and experiential religiosity, and the formulation of a minority identity politics among young Catholics within a diverse Canada. It also takes into account the correlation between an evangelical Catholic worldview and young people, spelling out different reflections on religion and society, experience and agency. This research emphasizes how young people negotiate (i.e. appropriate or negate) evangelical Catholic values and charismatic religious experience when forming their social, political, and religious identities, in order to gain an understanding of their socio-political position within a diverse Canadian society. ii Sommaire La Nouvelle évangélisation est un nouveau mouvement dans l’Église catholique. Ce programme de prosélytisme recherche à obtenir la reconnaissance de l’identité religieuse dans une société laïcisée en incitant une religiosité personnelle parmi les adhérents avec l’espoir de former une identité catholique évangélique. Cependant, on connait peu les processus et les discours de l’évangélisation catholique, particulièrement chez les jeunes au Canada. Cette thèse répond à la question principale, comment est-ce que les jeunes s’engagent et interprètent les modes évangéliques de l'identité religieuse et sociopolitique, et l'intégration ou la négociation de cette vision du monde dans une société canadienne pluraliste? Cette recherche se concentre donc sur une conférence d’été annuelle catholique pour les jeunes, appelée Journey to the Father (Cheminement vers le Père), comme une étude de cas qui observe la diffusion des valeurs morales catholiques, la production des expériences religieuses charismatiques, et l’instigation d’un élan évangélique avec les jeunes participants catholiques. En utilisant l’observation des participants et les entrevues semi-structurées avec les organisateurs adultes (18 ans et plus) et les jeunes participants au Journey to the Father (13 à 18 ans), cette recherche examine les processus de formation d’identité par le biais de l'expérience religieuse affective et la formulation d’une politique d’identité minoritaire avec les jeunes catholiques au sein d’un Canada diversifié. Elle tient aussi compte de la corrélation entre la vision du monde catholique évangélique et les jeunes, expliquant clairement une variété de réflexions sur la religion et la société, l’expérience et l’agentivité. Cette recherche met l’accent sur la façon dont les jeunes gens négocient les valeurs catholiques évangéliques (c.-à-d., appropriées ou déniées) et l’expérience religieuse charismatique lors de la formation de leurs identités sociales, politiques et religieuses afin de comprendre leur position sociopolitique dans la société canadienne diverse. iii Acknowledgments I am grateful to my supervisor, Dr. Lori beaman, for her mentorship and patience as I mused on methodology and fretted through the data collection. This was a complicated project and I am deeply appreciative of her trust in me to get this work done. I wish to thank the members of my dissertation committee: Dr. Scott Kline from the University of Waterloo, and Dr. Marie-Françoise Guédon, Dr. Emma Anderson, and Dr. Peter beyer from the University of Ottawa for their help in making this thesis a more cohesive project. From the Department of Classics and Religious Studies at the University of Ottawa, I would like to thank Dr. Dominique Côté for chairing my defense, and Sandra Clark for her keen eye for editing and for helping me work through different applications. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Nicole St-Onge, Dr. Brenda Macdougall, Dr. Yves Frenette, and Houria Messadh at the Institute for Canadian and Aboriginal Studies. Their support through employment and research opportunities has helped me immensely, and I am forever grateful. This degree would not have been possible without the support of different funding bodies. I want to recognize the Social Science and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), Fonds société et culture (FSC), and the University of Ottawa Admission and Excellence Scholarships for supporting me through my degree. A special thank you to the Angela Mattiacci Fellowship managed by the Institute of Canadian and Aboriginal Studies, which allowed me to complete my degree. And finally, I wish to thank the Religion and Diversity Project (RDP), Dr. Lori beaman, Dr. Heather Shipley, and your team of “gold stars,” as well as everyone involved in this amazing project. Their support in terms of the travel grant and graduate student training helped me complete this work and reach a greater academic potential. I wish to say a very special thank you to everyone involved in Journey to the Father, especially long-time coordinator Marilyn bergeron for trusting me in participating and interviewing different people for this thesis. Special thanks to Father Stéphane Pouliot, Sister Anne Elisabeth, bishop Marcel Damphousse, bishop Paul-André Durocher, Ken Lalonde, André Regnier, Lauren, Morgan, Malusi, Natalie, Émilie, Sister Monique, Pat, and Jocelyn. I also wish to convey special recognition to all the volunteers, youth leaders, and especially the young participants in Journey to the Father who entrusted me with their experiences and insight on religion and identity. Your faith and dedication is truly inspiring. Thank you for allowing me the chance to bear witness to your stories and your spirit. In terms of friends and helpers, I would like to first thank Morgan Hurtubise, Marie- josée blanchard, and David Oppenheim for their dedication and help working on this dissertation. Thank you Brad Boileau and Morgan Hunter for the insight in finding a research project and support throughout the years. And a special thanks to Spencer bullivant who has been a constant companion through what seemed an iv endless degree. I want to extend a warm-hearted thank you to Cindy, Janique, Christine, Leo, Colette, Émilie P., Fré & Sara, D.D. Dumas, Mr. Sunday Movies & Maso (legends). And, finally, a warm-hearted thanks to all those I did not mention here: you are not forgotten. Finally, I want to extend my deepest gratitude to my family. To my loving and supportive mother, Yvette: You have always been one of my greatest inspirations. My brothers and sisters, chez jean et Solange (Gabrielle, Zoé, et Émily), chez Guy et Maria (Isabelle et Antonio), and chez Liza et jim (Rémi et Amos), as well as Hon & Walter, Binh & Ian, and papa Lu. Thank you for your support with the usual, “are you done yet?” It was very motivating! And finally to Lucy and Edmond: Your inspiration, your patience with this work and with my absence, and sometimes, my moments of crazy—to you both I am most thankful of all. Dedication: This thesis is dedicated to mon papa, Rémi Gareau, who taught me to bridge the gaps of difference between different people, and make peace with the world. Love you and miss you. v Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... ii Sommaire .................................................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................. iv Chapter 1 — More than a Jesus Camp: Researching Religious Experience and Socio-Political Identity for Catholic Youth ..................................................................... 1 1. Experiencing Jesus Camp: Controversies and Confusion over Political Socialization and Evangelical Youth ........................................................................................... 1 2. Evangelical Contexts in Canada: Proselytizing Young People ................................... 5 3. Thesis Structure: Journey to the Father as a Case Study ..........................................