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These De Doctorat De THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITE DE NANTES COMUE UNIVERSITE BRETAGNE LOIRE ECOLE DOCTORALE N° 604 Sociétés, Temps, Territoires Spécialité : « Histoire » Par Clément de VASSELOT de REGNE Le « Parentat » Lusignan (Xe-XIVe siècles) Structures, parenté vécue, solidarités et pouvoir d’un lignage arborescent Volume 2 – Annexes 1 et 2 Thèse présentée et soutenue à Nantes, le 10/12/2018 Unité de recherche : CRHIA Rapporteurs avant soutenance : Frédérique LACHAUD Professeur des universités, Université Paris-Sorbonne Didier LETT Professeur des universités, Université Paris-Diderot Composition du Jury : Président : Frédérique LACHAUD Professeur des universités, Université Paris-Sorbonne Examinateurs : Didier LETT Professeur des universités, Université Paris-Diderot Cécile TREFFORT Professeur des universités, Université de Poitiers Nicholas VINCENT Professeur des universités, University of East-Anglia Dir. de thèse : John TOLAN Professeur des universités, Université de Nantes Co-dir. de thèse : Martin AURELL Professeur des universités, Université de Poitiers - 2 - ANNEXE 1 : PRINCIPALES SOURCES NARRATIVES UTILISÉES SOURCES AQUITAINES DU XIE AU XIIIE SIÈCLE La Chronique de Saint-Maixent est le texte de référence concernant les premières générations de seigneurs de Lusignan1. Elle a été rédigée en latin par un moine de l'abbaye de Saint- Maixent, autour de 1140, dernière date citée par le document qui compile différents textes sur l'histoire du monde, depuis ses origines jusqu'à Charlemagne, puis s'étend sur les événements de la vie politique et religieuse du Poitou et des régions voisines, du Xe siècle à 1140. Elle mentionne à plusieurs reprises les premiers seigneurs de Lusignan dont elle fournit une généalogie. Le Conventum est un manuscrit latin de 342 lignes, composé en Aquitaine à la fin de la première moitié du XIe siècle et conservé à la Bibliothèque nationale2. Il relate les nombreux conflits qui ont opposé le comte Guillaume de Poitiers, c'est-à-dire le duc d'Aquitaine Guillaume V le Grand, à son vassal Hugues, seigneur de Lusignan. Ce document est fondamental pour la connaissance et la compréhension des relations féodales dans le Poitou du XIe siècle et très peu d'ouvrages sur l'an mil et la féodalité font l'économie de son commentaire3. 1 La Chronique de Saint-Maixent (751-1140), éd. et trad. Jean VERDON, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1979. 2 Le « Conventum » (vers 1030) : un précurseur aquitain des premières épopées, éd. G. BEECH, Y. CHAUVIN et G. PON, Genève, Droz, 1995 ; Les historiens ont pris l'habitude de l'appeler ainsi au XVIIe siècle à cause des nombreux accords (conventum) qu'il rapporte et de sa dernière phrase : « Finiunt conventi inter comitem et Ugonem ». 3 La bibliographie sur le Conventum est considérable : A. RICHARD, Histoire des comtes de Poitou, 778-1204, Paris, Picard, 1903, p. 166 ; S. PAINTER, « The Lords of Lusignan in the Eleventh and Twelfth centuries », Speculum, vol 32, no 1, janvier 1957, p. 27-47, en part. p. 43 ; M. GARAUD, « Les Châtelains de Poitou et l'avènement du régime féodal, XIe et XIIe siècle », MSAO, s. 4, t. 8, 1964, p 35 ; W. M. HACKETT, « Aspects de la langue vulgaire du Poitou d'après un document latin du XIe siècle », Mélanges offerts à Rita Lejeune, Gembloux, Duculot, 1969, t. I, p 13-22 ; J. MARTINDALE, « Conventum inter Willelmus comitem Aquitanorum et Hugonem Chiliarchum », EHR, vol. 84, n°332, juillet 1969, p. 528-548 ; « The Conventum : a postscript », Status, Authority and regional Power. Aquitaine and France. 9th to 12th Century, éd. J. MARTINDALE, Aldershot, Ashgate variorum, 1997, VIII, p. 31 ; J.-P. POLY et E. BOURNAZEL, La Mutation féodale, Xe-XIIe siècle, Paris, PUF, 1980, p. 68-79 ; G. DUBY, Le Moyen âge d'Hugues Capet à Jeanne d'Arc, Paris, Hachette, 1987, p. 128-129 ; T. PALOSFALVI, Recherches sur la famille des Lusignan et ses relations aux XIe et XIIe siècles, Mémoire de DEA de l'université de Poitiers sous la direction de M. AURELL, 1995 ; G. BEECH, « The Lord/Dependant (vassal) relationship: a case study from Aquitaine c. 1030 », Journal of Medieval History, 24, 1998, p. 1-30 ; « Narrative Structures and Techniques in the Conventum of Aquitaine ca. 1030 », Latin Culture in the Eleventh Century, dir. M. W. HERREN. C.J. MCDONOUGH et R. G. ARTHUR, Turnhout, Brepols, 2002, p. 39-56 ; « The Contribution of Diplomatics to the Identification of an Early-Eleventh Century Aquitanian Narrative », Charters, Cartularies, and Archives: The Preservation and Transmission of Documents in the Medieval West, dir. A. J. KOSTO et A.WINROTH, Turnhout, Brepols, 2002, p. 61-79 et « The Biblical David as Role Model in the early 11th century Latin narrative the Conventum of Aquitaine » Foi chrétienne et Églises dans la société politique de l'Occident du Haut Moyen Age (IVe-XIIe siècles), dir. J. HOAREAU-DODINAU et P. TEXIER, Limoges, Pulim, 2004, p. 253-269 et D. BARTHÉLEMY, « Du nouveau sur le Conventum Hugonis ? », BEC, vol. 153, n. 2, 1995, p. 483-495 ; L'an mil et la paix de Dieu, la France chrétienne et féodale, 980-1060, Paris, Fayard, 1999, p. 340- 347 ; « Autour d'un récit de pactes 'Conventum Hugonis', la seigneurie châtelaine et le féodalisme en France au XIe siècle », Il feudalisimo nell'alto madioevo (8-12 aprile 1999). Settimane di Studio del centro italiano di Studi - 3 - L'Historia pontificum et comitum Engolimensium est un texte anonyme écrit autour de 1160 qui rapporte les guerres livrées par les comtes d'Angoulême, présentés très favorablement, vainqueurs de tous leurs adversaires, n'attaquant que lorsqu'ils sont dans leur bon droit, contraints de se défendre face à des attaques injustes4. L'auteur met ainsi en scène les comtes Taillefer pour mieux expliciter et justifier leur rôle dans le comté face aux seigneurs révoltés de Cognac, Villebois, Barbezieux, Blaye et aux seigneurs de Lusignan5. Geoffroy de Breuil a d'abord été moine à Saint-Martial de Limoges avant de devenir, de 1170 à 1184, prieur de Vigeois. Sur une requête d'une branche cadette des Lastours, cherchant à hériter de la seigneurie, il compose sa Chronique afin de vanter les mérites de leur lignage et de défendre leurs intérêts contre leurs éventuels concurrents familiaux6. Particulièrement attentif à l'espace limousin, il décrit avec beaucoup de précision les événements qui s'y déroulent. Il connaît très bien le milieu nobiliaire d'où il vient et les rapports de vassalité entre les différents acteurs de la vie politique limousine7. Bernard Itier est né en 1163. Il entre en 1177 au monastère de Saint-Martial de Limoges et accède à la prêtrise en 1189. De 1204 à sa mort en 1225, il assure la charge de bibliothécaire du monastère. Il travaille à partir des ouvrages dont il a la garde, notamment la Chronique d'Adhémar de Chabannes, la Commemoratio abbatum Sancti Marcialis et la Chronique de Geoffroy de Vigeois. Il rédige sa Chronique sur les pages d'un antiphonaire, pour rendre utile un livre obsolète. Jean- Loup Lemaître signale que la plupart des événements contemporains de l'écrivain ont été rajoutés en plusieurs couches rédactionnelles, vers 1210 puis vers 1217-1218. Il se contente d'accumuler des faits qui se rattachent à sa vie quotidienne sans autres éléments de continuité qu'une chronologie qui n'est pas toujours exacte8. sull'Alto Medioevo, n°47, Spolète, Presso la Sede del Centro, 2000 ; « Fiefs et vassaux dans la France de l'an mil », Feudalism, new landscapes of debate, éd. S. BAGGE, M. H. GETLING et Th. LINDKVIST, Turnhout, Brepols, 2011, p. 57-75 ; Pour une approche histriographique du débat sur sa nature, nous nous permettons de renvoyer à notre article : « Les relations féodales dans le Poitou au début du XIe siècle : de l'élaboration du Conventum à sa fonction », Annales de Janua, n°3, 2015, en ligne sur http://annalesdejanua.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/index.php?id=879 4 Historia Pontificum et Comitum Engolismensis, éd. L. DELISLE, RHGF, t. XII, Paris, 1877. 5 S. BRESSAN-VERDIER, Une Famille, les Taillefer, comtes d’Angoulême, au Moyen Age, Mémoire de DEA de l'université de Poitiers sous la direction de M. AURELL, 2003, p. 71. 6 GEOFFROY DE VIGEOIS, Ex Chronico Gaufredi Coenobitae, éd. L. DELISLE, RHGF, t. XII, Paris, 1877, p. 421-451 ; Gaufredi, prioris Vosiensis, pars altera chronici Lemovicensis, éd. L. DELISLE, RHGF, t. XVIII, Paris, 1879, p. 211- 222 7 M. AUBRUN, « Le prieur Geoffroy de Vigeois et sa chronique », Revue Mabillon, vol. 58, 1974, p. 313–326 ; J.-L. LEMAITRE, « Famille et parenté dans la chronique de Geoffroy de Vigeois… Geoffroy généalogiste », Famille et parenté dans la vie religieuse du Midi, Cahiers de Fanjeaux, n°43, Toulouse, Privat, 2008, p. 31-64. 8 BERNARD ITIER, Chronique, éd. J.-L. LEMAÎTRE, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, « Classiques de l'histoire au Moyen Âge », 1998. - 4 - SOURCES CONCERNANT LES CROISADES La participation de Hugues VI de Lusignan à la première croisade est rapportée par quatre sources principales : les Gesta Francorum et aliorum hierosolimitanorum, anonymes, ont été rédigées par un témoin oculaire dont l'identité fait encore débat, un chevalier normand ou un clerc d'Italie du sud, qui a composé son récit à la demande de Bohémond de Tarente 9. Pierre Tudebode a lui aussi été membre de l'expédition et avait été identifié en 1641 par Jean Besly comme le curé de Civray. Rédigée entre 1102 et 1111, son Historia de Hierosolymitano itinere présente de nombreux points communs avec les Gesta Francorum, tout en étant plus précis et moins partial sur de nombreux points10. John et Laurita Hill pensaient que leurs similitudes provenaient d'une dépendance commune à l'égard d'un texte perdu, mais cette hypothèse a été contestée et il semble avéré que Tudebode s'est inspiré des Gesta pour compléter ses souvenirs11.
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