History and the Current Status of the Russian Early-Warning System
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Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure- Present State And
Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure – Present State and Future Potential By Claes Lykke Ragner FNI Report 13/2000 FRIDTJOF NANSENS INSTITUTT THE FRIDTJOF NANSEN INSTITUTE Tittel/Title Sider/Pages Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure – Present 124 State and Future Potential Publikasjonstype/Publication Type Nummer/Number FNI Report 13/2000 Forfatter(e)/Author(s) ISBN Claes Lykke Ragner 82-7613-400-9 Program/Programme ISSN 0801-2431 Prosjekt/Project Sammendrag/Abstract The report assesses the Northern Sea Route’s commercial potential and economic importance, both as a transit route between Europe and Asia, and as an export route for oil, gas and other natural resources in the Russian Arctic. First, it conducts a survey of past and present Northern Sea Route (NSR) cargo flows. Then follow discussions of the route’s commercial potential as a transit route, as well as of its economic importance and relevance for each of the Russian Arctic regions. These discussions are summarized by estimates of what types and volumes of NSR cargoes that can realistically be expected in the period 2000-2015. This is then followed by a survey of the status quo of the NSR infrastructure (above all the ice-breakers, ice-class cargo vessels and ports), with estimates of its future capacity. Based on the estimated future NSR cargo potential, future NSR infrastructure requirements are calculated and compared with the estimated capacity in order to identify the main, future infrastructure bottlenecks for NSR operations. The information presented in the report is mainly compiled from data and research results that were published through the International Northern Sea Route Programme (INSROP) 1993-99, but considerable updates have been made using recent information, statistics and analyses from various sources. -
Capture and Reuse of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) for a Plastics Circular Economy: a Review
processes Review Capture and Reuse of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) for a Plastics Circular Economy: A Review Laura Pires da Mata Costa 1 ,Débora Micheline Vaz de Miranda 1, Ana Carolina Couto de Oliveira 2, Luiz Falcon 3, Marina Stella Silva Pimenta 3, Ivan Guilherme Bessa 3,Sílvio Juarez Wouters 3,Márcio Henrique S. Andrade 3 and José Carlos Pinto 1,* 1 Programa de Engenharia Química/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CP 68502, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil; [email protected] (L.P.d.M.C.); [email protected] (D.M.V.d.M.) 2 Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CP 68525, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Braskem S.A., Rua Marumbi, 1400, Campos Elíseos, Duque de Caxias 25221-000, Brazil; [email protected] (L.F.); [email protected] (M.S.S.P.); [email protected] (I.G.B.); [email protected] (S.J.W.); [email protected] (M.H.S.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-21-3938-8709 Abstract: Plastic production has been increasing at enormous rates. Particularly, the socioenvi- ronmental problems resulting from the linear economy model have been widely discussed, espe- cially regarding plastic pieces intended for single use and disposed improperly in the environment. Nonetheless, greenhouse gas emissions caused by inappropriate disposal or recycling and by the Citation: Pires da Mata Costa, L.; many production stages have not been discussed thoroughly. Regarding the manufacturing pro- Micheline Vaz de Miranda, D.; Couto cesses, carbon dioxide is produced mainly through heating of process streams and intrinsic chemical de Oliveira, A.C.; Falcon, L.; Stella transformations, explaining why first-generation petrochemical industries are among the top five Silva Pimenta, M.; Guilherme Bessa, most greenhouse gas (GHG)-polluting businesses. -
The Russia You Never Met
The Russia You Never Met MATT BIVENS AND JONAS BERNSTEIN fter staggering to reelection in summer 1996, President Boris Yeltsin A announced what had long been obvious: that he had a bad heart and needed surgery. Then he disappeared from view, leaving his prime minister, Viktor Cher- nomyrdin, and his chief of staff, Anatoly Chubais, to mind the Kremlin. For the next few months, Russians would tune in the morning news to learn if the presi- dent was still alive. Evenings they would tune in Chubais and Chernomyrdin to hear about a national emergency—no one was paying their taxes. Summer turned to autumn, but as Yeltsin’s by-pass operation approached, strange things began to happen. Chubais and Chernomyrdin suddenly announced the creation of a new body, the Cheka, to help the government collect taxes. In Lenin’s day, the Cheka was the secret police force—the forerunner of the KGB— that, among other things, forcibly wrested food and money from the peasantry and drove some of them into collective farms or concentration camps. Chubais made no apologies, saying that he had chosen such a historically weighted name to communicate the seriousness of the tax emergency.1 Western governments nod- ded their collective heads in solemn agreement. The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank both confirmed that Russia was experiencing a tax collec- tion emergency and insisted that serious steps be taken.2 Never mind that the Russian government had been granting enormous tax breaks to the politically connected, including billions to Chernomyrdin’s favorite, Gazprom, the natural gas monopoly,3 and around $1 billion to Chubais’s favorite, Uneximbank,4 never mind the horrendous corruption that had been bleeding the treasury dry for years, or the nihilistic and pointless (and expensive) destruction of Chechnya. -
Fertility and Women Life Expectancy in Krasnoyarsk Territory: Social and Economic Transition and Intraregional Demographic Response
Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 11 (2016 9) 2742-2755 ~ ~ ~ УДК [314.1/.4+612.663]-055.2(571.51) Fertility and Women Life Expectancy in Krasnoyarsk Territory: Social and Economic Transition and Intraregional Demographic Response Marina E. Rublevaa*, Vladimir F. Mazharovb,c, Vladimir L. Gavrikova and Rem G. Khleboprosa,d a Siberian Federal University 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia b Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases Novokuznetsk-Krasnoyarsk c Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky 1 Partizan Zheleznyak Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022, Russia d International Scientific Research Center for Extreme Conditions of Organism Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center SB RAS 50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia Received 06.07.2016, received in revised form 28.08.2016, accepted 07.10.2016 Demographic processes are often studied one-dimensionally, i.e. the processes are described through dynamics of one demographic parameter. Meanwhile, relationships between different demographic parameters are of general interest. Tolstikhina et al. (Tolstikhina, Gavrikov, Khlebopros, Okhonin, 2013) showed that fertility and life expectancy are negatively correlated among countries of the world. The same relationship of fertility and life expectancy has been studied by us in this research at an intraregional level through the example of Krasnoyarsk Territory. The demographic data from 1995 to 2013 have been used to describe dynamics of the relationship. The main method used was weighted fitting of the data by a linear function, with weights being the population of the territory administrative regions. No statistically significant relationship between the fertility and female life expectancy has been found in 1995, i.e. -
Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J
STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 11 Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Complex Operations, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, Center for Transatlantic Security Studies, and Conflict Records Research Center. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Unified Combatant Commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Kathleen Bailey presents evidence of forgeries to the press corps. Credit: The Washington Times Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference By Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 11 Series Editor: Nicholas Rostow National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. June 2012 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government. -
Extragalactic Sources of Rapidly Variable High Energy Gamma Radiation
Dario Hrupec Extragalactic sources of rapidly variable high energy gamma radiation Doctoral Thesis submitted to the Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, for the academic degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences (Physics) Zagreb 2008. This thesis was done at Ruder Boˇskovi´c Institute under the supervision of Professor Daniel Ferenc from the University of California at Davis. ii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my mentor Dr. Daniel Ferenc from the University of California at Davis for his great professional and personal support during my work on this thesis. I have received precious inspiration from him. Finally, he encouraged me to read a lot. It was an invaluable advice. I am thankful to my co-mentor Dr. Silvio Pallua from the Faculty of Science at Zagreb for his support and for the thesis review. I am also thankful to Dr. Kreˇsimir Pavlovski from the Faculty of Science at Zagreb for the thesis review. I am particularly thankful to him for his valuable support. In addition, his terminological arguments impressed me a lot. Many thanks to Dr. Matko Milin from Faculty of Science at Zagreb for the time he spent on reading and commenting my thesis. I really appreciate his being my committee member. I owe many thanks to Dr. Eckart Lorenz from the University of California at Davis and ETH-Zurich who made possible my observations with the Cerenkovˇ telescope 1 (CT1) at La Palma in 2003. His donation of two Cerenkovˇ telescopes to Ruder Boˇskovi´c Institute established a base for the Cosmic Ray Observatory At The Eastern Adriatic (CROATEA) and also for my work in astroparticle physics in Croatia. -
Der Regulierungsrahmen Für Audiovisuelle Mediendienste in Russland
Der Regulierungsrahmen für audiovisuelle Mediendienste in Russland Russland ist der mit Abstand größte europäische Fernsehmarkt Schlagworte zum Inhalt: außerhalb des Geltungsbereichs der EU-Gesetzgebung. Mit einem Anteil von rund 17% der gesamten europäischen Bevölkerung ■ Die nationale Medienpolitik liegen im russischen Fernsehmarkt beachtliche wirtschaftliche ■ Schlüsselbegriffe für Regulierung und deren Auslegung Potentiale. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es um so bemerkenswerter, ■ Lizenzerfordernisse wie wenig über die juristischen Grundlagen und Bedingungen dieses Fernsehmarktes außerhalb Russlands veröffentlicht worden ist. ■ Die Rolle staatlichen Rundfunks im Gegensatz zu öffentlich-rechtlichem Rundfunk Die vorliegende Publikation „Der Regulierungsrahmen für audio- visuelle Mediendienste in Russland” aus der Reihe IRIS Spezial ■ Medieneigentum und -konzentration schließt die Lücke. Detailliert werden die Grundlagen und der ■ Selbst- und Koregulierung Regulierungsrahmen für Rundfunk in Russland erörtert. Auf ■ Werbung: Regulierung und Kontrolle dieser Basis wird die Anpassung des Rechtsrahmens an neue audiovisuelle Mediendienste diskutiert. Dabei werden die ■ Produktplatzierung großen Unterschiede zwischen der EU und Russland deutlich: ■ Recht auf Gegendarstellung Sie gehen auf die noch schwache Entwicklung digitaler Medien- ■ Recht auf Kurzberichterstattung dienste in Russland zurück. ■ Schutz der guten Sitten und Minderjähriger Die Publikation vermittelt ein umfassendes und präzises Bild der ■ Rechte nationaler Minderheiten Rundfunkregulierung -
Fast Solar Wind Monitor (BMSW): Description and First Results
Space Sci Rev (2013) 175:165–182 DOI 10.1007/s11214-013-9979-4 Fast Solar Wind Monitor (BMSW): Description and First Results Jana Šafránková · Zdenekˇ Nemeˇ cekˇ · Lubomír Prechˇ · Georgy Zastenker · Ivo Cermákˇ · Lev Chesalin · Arnošt Komárek · Jakub Vaverka · Martin Beránek · Jiríˇ Pavl˚u · Elena Gavrilova · Boris Karimov · Arkadii Leibov Received: 4 September 2012 / Accepted: 19 March 2013 / Published online: 6 April 2013 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Abstract Monitoring of solar wind parameters is a key problem of the Space Weather pro- gram. The paper presents a description of a novel fast solar wind monitor (Bright Monitor of the Solar Wind, BMSW) and the first results of its measurements of plasma moments with a time resolution ranging from seconds to 31 ms. The method of the fast monitoring is based on simultaneous measurements of the total ion flux and ion integral energy spectrum by six nearly identical Faraday cups (FCs). Three of them are dedicated to determination of the ion flow direction, whereas other three equipped with control grids supplied by a re- tarding potential are used for a determination of the density, temperature, and speed of the plasma flow. The paper introduces not only the measuring methods, the FCs design, and modes of operation, but brings the examples of time series of measurements and their com- parison with the observations of other spacecraft as well as the first results of an analysis of frequency spectra of solar wind fluctuations within the ion kinetic scale, examples of rapid measurements at the ramp of an interplanetary shock and investigations of fast variations of alpha particle content. -
Annexe: Summary of Soviet and Russian Space Science Missions
Contents Introduction by the authors ..................................... ix Acknowledgments ............................................ xi Glossary .................................................. xiii Terminological and translation notes ..............................xv Reference notes .............................................xvii List of tables ............................................... xix List of illustrations ......................................... xxiii List of figures .............................................xxvii 1 Early space science ........................................... 1 Space science by balloon....................................... 3 Scientific flights into the atmosphere: the Akademik series..............14 Scientific test flights with animals ................................20 The idea of a scientific Earth satellite .............................23 Scientific objectives of the first Earth satellites . ....................25 Key people .................................................25 Instead, Prosteishy Sputnik .....................................27 PS2......................................................29 Object D: the first large scientific satellite in orbit....................33 Early space science: what was learned? ............................37 References .................................................39 2 Deepening our understanding ....................................43 Following Sputnik: the MS series ................................43 Cosmos 5 and Starfish: introducing Yuri Galperin -
01036456.Pdf
C/64-10b News Broadcasting on Soviet Radio and Television F. Gayle Durham Research Program on Problems of Communication and International SecU-itv Center for International Studies Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts June, 1965 Preface The present paper is one result of several months' research on radio and television broadcasting in the Soviet Union. It is viewed by the author as a preliminary survey of the subject, which will be expanded and developed in the coming months. In addition to a general updating of material on policy and mechanical actualities, more atten- tion will be given to the proportion of different types of news which are broadcast, and to the personnel who handle news. Of extreme importance is the position which news broadcasting occupies in the process of informing the individual Soviet citizen. This aspect will be considered as part of a general study on information-gathering in Soviet society. The research for this paper was sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense (ARPA) under contract #920F-9717 and monitored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under contract AF 49(638)-1237. Table of Contents Page I. Introduction:The Soviet Conception of the Functional Role of Broadcasting Media and II. Radio News Broadcasting................................7 A. Mechanics of News Broadcasts.........................7 3. The Newsgathering Apparatus .................... .22 4. Party Influence.................,.. .26 B. Content of Broadcasts....................,*....*.. .. 29 l. Characteristics...................,..........,........29 2. Forms.... ....... .... * e .......... 32 3. Types of News. .................................. 3 III. Television News Broadcasting.......... .............. 0 .39 IV. Summary and Conclusion............................. V. Footnotes ...... .. ... ... .... ... ... .4 VI. Appendices One: Monitor Summaries of News Broadcasts (1963)........51 Two:Chart:Broadcasts on Moscow Radio with News Content. -
Yakutia) “…The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Is the Largest Region in the Russian Federation and One of the Richest in Natural Resources
Investor's Guide to the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) “…The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is the largest region in the Russian Federation and one of the richest in natural resources. Needless to say, the stable and dynamic development of Yakutia is of key importance to both the Far Eastern Federal District and all of Russia…” President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin “One of the fundamental priorities of the Government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is to develop comfortable conditions for business and investment activities to ensure dynamic economic growth” Head of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Egor Borisov 2 Contents Welcome from Egor Borisov, Head of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 5 Overview of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 6 Interesting facts about the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 7 Strategic priorities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) investment policy 8 Seven reasons to start a business in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 10 1. Rich reserves of natural resources 10 2. Significant business development potential for the extraction and processing of mineral and fossil resources 12 3. Unique geographical location 15 4. Stable credit rating 16 5. Convenient conditions for investment activity 18 6. Developed infrastructure for the support of small and medium-sized enterprises 19 7. High level of social and economic development 20 Investment infrastructure 22 Interaction with large businesses 24 Interaction with small and medium-sized enterprises 25 Other organisations and institutions 26 Practical information on doing business in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 27 Public-Private Partnership 29 Information for small and medium-sized enterprises 31 Appendix 1. -
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Arctic and North. 2018. No. 33 55 UDC [332.1+338.1](985)(045) DOI: 10.17238/issn2221-2698.2018.33.66 The prospects of the Northern and Arctic territories and their development within the Yenisei Siberia megaproject © Nikolay G. SHISHATSKY, Cand. Sci. (Econ.) E-mail: [email protected] Institute of Economy and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Department of the Russian Academy of Sci- ences, Kransnoyarsk, Russia Abstract. The article considers the main prerequisites and the directions of development of Northern and Arctic areas of the Krasnoyarsk Krai based on creation of reliable local transport and power infrastructure and formation of hi-tech and competitive territorial clusters. We examine both the current (new large min- ing and processing works in the Norilsk industrial region; development of Ust-Eniseysky group of oil and gas fields; gasification of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration with the resources of bradenhead gas of Evenkia; ren- ovation of housing and public utilities of the Norilsk agglomeration; development of the Arctic and north- ern tourism and others), and earlier considered, but rejected, projects (construction of a large hydroelectric power station on the Nizhnyaya Tunguska river; development of the Porozhinsky manganese field; place- ment of the metallurgical enterprises using the Norilsk ores near Lower Angara region; construction of the meridional Yenisei railroad and others) and their impact on the development of the region. It is shown that in new conditions it is expedient to return to consideration of these projects with the use of modern tech- nologies and organizational approaches. It means, above all, formation of the local integrated regional pro- duction systems and networks providing interaction and cooperation of the fuel and raw, processing and innovative sectors.