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Der Regulierungsrahmen Für Audiovisuelle Mediendienste in Russland

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Der Regulierungsrahmen Für Audiovisuelle Mediendienste in Russland Der Regulierungsrahmen für audiovisuelle Mediendienste in Russland Russland ist der mit Abstand größte europäische Fernsehmarkt Schlagworte zum Inhalt: außerhalb des Geltungsbereichs der EU-Gesetzgebung. Mit einem Anteil von rund 17% der gesamten europäischen Bevölkerung ■ Die nationale Medienpolitik liegen im russischen Fernsehmarkt beachtliche wirtschaftliche ■ Schlüsselbegriffe für Regulierung und deren Auslegung Potentiale. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es um so bemerkenswerter, ■ Lizenzerfordernisse wie wenig über die juristischen Grundlagen und Bedingungen dieses Fernsehmarktes außerhalb Russlands veröffentlicht worden ist. ■ Die Rolle staatlichen Rundfunks im Gegensatz zu öffentlich-rechtlichem Rundfunk Die vorliegende Publikation „Der Regulierungsrahmen für audio- visuelle Mediendienste in Russland” aus der Reihe IRIS Spezial ■ Medieneigentum und -konzentration schließt die Lücke. Detailliert werden die Grundlagen und der ■ Selbst- und Koregulierung Regulierungsrahmen für Rundfunk in Russland erörtert. Auf ■ Werbung: Regulierung und Kontrolle dieser Basis wird die Anpassung des Rechtsrahmens an neue audiovisuelle Mediendienste diskutiert. Dabei werden die ■ Produktplatzierung großen Unterschiede zwischen der EU und Russland deutlich: ■ Recht auf Gegendarstellung Sie gehen auf die noch schwache Entwicklung digitaler Medien- ■ Recht auf Kurzberichterstattung dienste in Russland zurück. ■ Schutz der guten Sitten und Minderjähriger Die Publikation vermittelt ein umfassendes und präzises Bild der ■ Rechte nationaler Minderheiten Rundfunkregulierung in Russland, verfasst von einem der heraus- ragenden russischen Medienwissenschaftler, Andrei Richter, dem ■ Einschränkungen zur Extremismusbekämpfung Direktor des Moskauer Instituts für Medienrecht und Medienpolitik. ■ Mittel zum regulatorischen Eingreifen Der Regulierungsrahmen Themennahe Publikationen der IRIS-Familie Auf die Plätze, für audiovisuelle 2010-1: fertig … los? Digitalfernsehen Die Richtlinie über Audiovisuelle Mediendienste Mediendienste Inhalte: Inhalte: ■ Die Entwicklung terrestrischen Digitalfernsehens ■ Die Herausforderungen der Umsetzung der Richtlinie in Russland in Russland und der Ukraine in nationales Recht: - Nationale Politik zum Digitalfernsehen - Verständlichkeit, Akzeptanz, Handhabbarkeit der - Rechtskonzepte, Erlasse und weitere Regelungen gewählten Lösungen - Elemente des Prozesses - Einpassung der vorgegebenen Konzepte in das geltende - Lizenzierung und Ausschreibungen Medienrecht Der Regulierungsrahmen für audiovisuelle Mediendienste in Russland - Eigentumsfragen - Unterscheidung zwischen linearen und nicht-linearen - Digitalumstellung in der Praxis Diensten - Defi nition von redaktioneller Verantwortung ■ Ist das Digitalfernsehen auf den Weg gebracht? - Koregulierung - für welche Bereiche und wie organisiert? - Mitgliedstaaten der Informationsstelle sowie sonstige - Recht auf Anhörung oder Mitsprache für die Bürger und Länder die Industrie ■ In Europa auf dem Vormarsch - Überwachung der Rechtseinhaltung - Empfang von Digitalfernsehen und die Einführung - Die Rolle der Regulierungsbehörden des digitalen terrestrischen Fernsehens - Zuständigkeit für die Kontrolle der Umsetzung und Einhaltung der Regeln im Einzelfall 48 Seiten, Februar 2010 Druckausgabe ISBN 978-92-871-6793-4 24,50 € / 147 Seiten, Ausgabe 2009 pdf-Ausgabe ISBN 978-92-871-6801-6 33 € Druckausgabe ISBN 978-92-871-6666-1, 89 € Angesichts der überragenden Bedeutung der Richtlinie über Audiovisuelle Mediendienste sind in der Publikationsreihe IRIS Spezial zwei weitere Titel zu dem Thema erschienen: „Audiovisuelle Mediendienste ohne Grenzen“ (ISBN 978-92-871-6117-8, 82 Seiten, Ausgabe 2006, 58,50 €), „Redaktionelle Verantwortung“ (ISBN 978-92- 871-6477-3, 50 Seiten, Ausgabe 2008, 75 €). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft EUR 70 – ISBN 978-92-871-6790-3 IRIS Spezial: Der Regulierungsrahmen für audiovisuelle Mediendienste in Russland Europäische Audiovisuelle Informationsstelle, Straßburg 2010 ISBN: 978-92-871-6790-3 EUR 70 Verlagsleitung: Wolfgang Closs, Geschäftsführender Direktor der Europäischen Audiovisuellen Informationsstelle E-mail: [email protected] Wissenschaftliche Betreuung und Koordination: Dr. Susanne Nikoltchev, LL.M. (Florenz/Italien, Ann Arbor/MI) Leiterin der Abteilung Juristische Information E-mail: [email protected] Beitragende Partnerorganisation: Moscow Media Law and Policy Center Moscow State University ul. Mokhovaya, 9 - Room 338 125009 Moscow Russische Föderation Tel: +7 495 629 3804 Fax: +7 495 629 3804 www.medialaw.ru Verlagsassistentin: Michelle Ganter E-mail: [email protected] Marketing: Markus Booms E-mail : [email protected] Übersetzung/Korrektur: Sabina Gorini, Julie Mamou, Nadja Ohlig, Erwin Rohwer, Anne-Lise Weidmann Satz/Druck: Pointillés, Hoenheim (France) Herausgeber: Europäische Audiovisuelle Informationsstelle 76 Allée de la Robertsau F-67000 Strasbourg Tel.: +33 (0)3 90 21 60 00 Fax: +33 (0)3 90 21 60 19 E-mail: [email protected] www.obs.coe.int Bitte zitieren Sie diese Publikation wie folgt: Susanne Nikoltchev, Hrsg., IRIS Spezial: Der Regulierungsrahmen für audiovisuelle Mediendienste in Russland (Straßburg, Europäische Audiovisuelle Informationsstelle, 2010) © Europäische Audiovisuelle Informationsstelle, 2010. Jegliche in dieser Publikation geäußerten Meinungen sind persönlicher Natur und sollten in keiner Weise dahingehend verstanden werden, dass sie die Auffassung der Informationsstelle, ihrer Mitglieder oder des Europarats wiedergeben. DerRegulierungsrahmen für audiovisuelleMediendienste in Russland DER REGULIERUNGSRAHMEN FUR AUDIOVISUELLE MEDIENDIENSTE IN RUSSLAND 1 DerRegulierungsrahmen für audiovisuelleMediendienste in Russland Herausgegeben von derEuropäischen Audiovisuellen Informationsstelle 2009 gab es ständigneue Informationen zur EU-Richtlinieüber audiovisuelle Mediendienste,und es bedarf keines Propheten, um dienächste Welle an Informationen vorherzusagen, die2010 über unsereSchreibtischeschwappenwird, um unsentweder über dieÜbernahmeund Umsetzungoderüber Durchsetzungsmaßnahmen derEUzu unterrichten. DieEuropäischeAudiovisuelle Informationsstelle analysierte bereits einige zentrale Fragen, diedurch dieRichtlinieaufgeworfen werden, insbesondere solche, die denGesetzgebern, denRegulierern undder IndustriewahrscheinlichauchinZukunft Kopfzerbrechen bereiten werden. Im Juni 2009 wurde daherdie IRIS Spezial mit dem Titel „Auf diePlätze,fertig, …los? –Die Richtlinieüber Audiovisuelle Mediendienste“ herausgegeben. Bislangnicht beleuchtethaben wir denRechtsrahmen für audiovisuelleMediendienste außerhalbdes Geltungsbereichsder EU-Gesetzgebung. Das größereEuropa in den Grenzen desEuroparats undsomit derInformationsstelle geht deutlich über die geografischeReichweite derRichtliniehinaus. Für dieEntfaltung seiner Medienindustrie sindmehr undandere Informationen vonnöten. Ein großes Gebiet, Heimat von rund17 Prozentder BürgerEuropas unddamit einer großenZahl (potenzieller) Empfängeraudio- visueller Mediendienste,ist Russland. Doch ungeachtet deswirtschaftlichen Potenzials dieses riesigenMarkts scheintes, dass zumindest außerhalb Russlands wenigüber die rechtlichen Bedingungen, an diesichdie audiovisuelle Industriehalten muss,veröffent- lichtwurde. Dank unserer langjährigenPartnerschaft mit demMoskauer Institut für Medienrecht undMedienpolitik können wir diese Lückemithilfe dieser Publikation schließen. Andrei Richter,der Verfasser dieser IRIS Spezial zum „Regulierungsrahmen für audiovisuelle MediendiensteinRussland“ bringt unseinen Überblick über dieallgemeinen Aspekte wie nationaleMedienpolitik, Schlüsselbegriffe für Regulierungund derenAuslegung, Lizenz- erfordernisse,die Rolle staatlichen Rundfunks im Gegensatz zu öffentlich-rechtlichem Rundfunk, Medieneigentum und-konzentration sowieVorschriften für ausländisches Eigentum. Diese IRIS Spezial erläutertdarüber hinaus denRechtsrahmen für spezielle Fragen wiedas Rechtauf Gegendarstellung, Produktplatzierung, dasRechtauf Kurzberichterstattung, denSchutz derguten Sitten, denSchutz Minderjähriger, Rechte nationaler Minderheiten undEinschränkungenzur Extremismusbekämpfung. Schließlich ©2010, Europäische Audiovisuelle Informationsstelle, Straßburg (Frankreich) 2 DER REGULIERUNGSRAHMEN FUR AUDIOVISUELLE MEDIENDIENSTE IN RUSSLAND erläutertesdie regulatorischen Mittel, dieindiesem Rechtsrahmen angewandt werden, wozu Chartasund Kodizes wieauchRegulierungdurch dienationaleRegulierungs- behörde insbesondere im Bereich Werbunggehören. DieStruktur dieser IRIS Spezial lehntsicheng undganz bewusst an dieFragenan, dieinder IRIS Spezial zur Richtlinieüber Audiovisuelle Mediendienste betrachtet werden. Damit wirdein Vergleich derzugrunde liegendenRechtssystemewie auch der rechtlichenVorschriften, dieinden verschiedenen Bereichen angewandt werden, erleichtert. Wenn sich diese Publikation in erster Linieauf Rundfunk konzentriert, so ist es demUmstandgeschuldet, dass andere audiovisuelleMediendienste undsomit auch derenRegulierunginRusslandnoch in denKinderschuhen stecken. Dievorliegende IRIS Spezial ist in dieser Hinsichtsehr aufschlussreich,daesrechtdetailliert dieSchwierig- keiten beschreibt, denbestehendenRahmen an Abrufdienste anzupassen, dienoch nichtsoweit entwickelt sindwie in andereneuropäischen Ländern. Wir hätten in diesem Zusammenhangauchgerneüber dieAnnahmedes Protokolls zum Übereinkommen desEuroparats über grenzüberschreitendesFernsehen berichtet, das ganz Europa undsogar nichteuropäischeLänderabdecken könnte.Russlandhat die aktuelle Version desÜbereinkommensbereits unterzeichnet (wenngleich
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