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Cork Harbour Commissioners in the Nineteenth Century: Governance, Infrastructure and Revenue

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Cork Harbour Commissioners in the Nineteenth Century: Governance, Infrastructure and Revenue UCC Library and UCC researchers have made this item openly available. Please let us know how this has helped you. Thanks! Title Cork Harbour Commissioners in the nineteenth century: governance, infrastructure and revenue Author(s) McCarthy, Tom Publication date 2020-10-08 Original citation McCarthy, T. 2020. Cork Harbour Commissioners in the nineteenth century: governance, infrastructure and revenue. MPhil Thesis, University College Cork. Type of publication Masters thesis (Research) Rights © 2020, Tom McCarthy. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Item downloaded http://hdl.handle.net/10468/11263 from Downloaded on 2021-10-02T15:30:27Z Ollscoil na hÉireann, Corcaigh National University of Ireland, Cork Cork Harbour Commissioners in the Nineteenth Century: governance, infrastructure and revenue Thesis presented by Tom McCarthy, B.Sc., (Public Admin), M.A, F.C.I.L.T for the degree of Master of Philosophy University College Cork School of History Head of School: Dr. Mervyn O’Driscoll Supervisor: Dr. Andy Bielenberg Internal Examiner: Dr. Andrew McCarthy External Examiner: Emeritus Professor David Dickson September 2020 Table of Contents Table of Contents .............................................................................................................. i Declaration ..................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... iv List of Tables .................................................................................................................... v Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1:The Emergence and Consolidation of the Cork Harbour Commissioners ............ 9 1: Cork Port in 1800 ........................................................................................................... 9 2: The Butter Weighhouse Act of 1813 and 1814 ‘Cocket Tax’ ........................................ 10 3: Cork Harbour Commissioners-early beginnings ............................................................ 11 4: Alexander Nimmo 1815................................................................................................ 14 5: Cork Harbour Act 1820 ................................................................................................. 18 6: Early Port Developments and a view of The Port in 1846 ............................................. 19 7: Port finances 1800-1850 .............................................................................................. 22 8: The Shadow of the Famine and Emigration .................................................................. 25 9: Shipbuilding in Cork port .............................................................................................. 30 10: Advent of Steam ........................................................................................................ 32 11: Dredging development in the 19th Century ................................................................ 36 12: Cork Harbour Commissioners: A legislative process .................................................... 39 13: Haulbowline and Dockyard ......................................................................................... 44 14: Railways and other Utilities in the Nineteenth Century ............................................... 45 Chapter 2: Cork Harbour Commissioners-1870-1900: A period of progression ................. 47 1: Overview: Cork port in the early 1870’s ........................................................................ 47 2: Capital Infrastructure, facilities and dredging ............................................................... 49 3: Cork Harbour Commissioners: Port Finances 1870-1900 .............................................. 54 3.1: Cork Harbour Commissioners Revenues ................................................................................ 54 3.2: Control by shipping companies .............................................................................................. 56 3.3: Maritime Shipping Legislation ................................................................................................ 59 3.4: Import and export revenue .................................................................................................... 60 3.5: Butter ..................................................................................................................................... 63 i 3.6: Assets and Liabilities ............................................................................................................... 64 3.7 Cork Harbour Commissioners and The Munster Bank ............................................................ 66 4: Cork and National Ports Trade ...................................................................................... 68 5: Constraints on Investment ........................................................................................... 68 6: Cork Corporation and CHC -a stressful relationship ...................................................... 70 Chapter 3: CHC and American mails-the Queenstown experience ................................... 72 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................. 72 2: Galway Line .................................................................................................................. 73 3: Royal Mail Steamers ..................................................................................................... 74 4: Queenstown Local Authority ........................................................................................ 75 5: The Shipping Agents in Queenstown ............................................................................ 76 6: The Inman, Cunard and White Star Lines ...................................................................... 78 7: The American Mails and the Queenstown Inquiry 1914 ................................................ 89 8: Pilotage ........................................................................................................................ 95 9: James Long: Queenstown native and Harbour Authority Executive ............................... 97 10: Deepwater Quay, Queenstown (DWQ) ....................................................................... 98 11: Anchorage and Admiralty dues ................................................................................. 100 12: Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 102 Chapter 4: Conclusion ................................................................................................... 104 Appendix 1.1 Map of Cork Port and Harbour November 2011 ....................................... 116 Appendix 1.2 Map of Cork Port and Harbour mid-19th century ...................................... 117 Appendix 1.3 Cork Harbour Commissioners: Summary of legislation 1813- 1900 ........... 118 Appendix 2.1: Cork Harbour Commissioners Commodities as % of Imports income ...... 120 Appendix 4.1 CHC Imports, Exports, Tonnage Income as % of Total Income-1830-1900 .. 121 Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 122 ii Declaration This is to certify that the work I am submitting is my own and has not been submitted for another degree, either at University College Cork or elsewhere. All external references and sources are acknowledged and identified within the contents. I have read and understood the regulations of University College Cork concerning plagiarism. Signature: ______________________________ Date: 8/10/2020 ___________________ iii Acknowledgements In the research and writing of this thesis, I owe a debt of gratitude to many historians and archivists for their assistance and support. First and foremost, my thanks are due to my thesis supervisor, Dr. Andy Bielenberg, whose patience, encouragement, and invaluable feedback was always generous and helpful. My internal and external examiners, Dr Andrew McCarthy and Emeritus Professor David Dickson deserve special thanks for their support and professionalism. To my sons and daughter, whose gentle enquiring was always welcome, and most importantly my wife Doireann, who has encouraged and supported me over many years. Research has been carried out in various repositories in Ireland and England. Special thanks are extended to the staff of the Boole Library, UCC, Cork and County Archives, Port of Cork Company, and the Post Office Archives in London. The original idea for an economic history of the port was sown decades ago by the late General Manager of Cork Harbour Commissioners, Liam French. iv List of Tables Table 1. 1 Cork Harbour Commissioners Income 1822-1932 ............................................. 23 Table 1. 2 Cork Harbour Commissioners income 1835-1849 ............................................. 24 Table 1. 3 Cork Harbour Commissioners Expenditure 1830-1849 ..................................... 25 Table 2. 1 Cork Port - Ship Tonnages 1873-1901 .............................................................. 57 Table 2. 2 Irish Coastal Traffic -Sail and Steam:1876-1901 ............................................... 60 Table 2. 3 Cork: Imports
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