Expedition Report Transport Indonesian seas, Upwelling, and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Leg 1 & Leg 2 (37 Days) November 18th – December 24th 2019
Prepared by:
Center of Deep-Sea Research, Indonesia Institute of Science LIPI (CDSR LIPI), Indonesia The First Institute of Oceanography, MNR (FIO MNR), China University of Maryland (UMD), USA
Version 1, December, 24th 2019
EXPEDITION REPORT OF THE PROJECT:
“TRansport Indonesian seas, Upwelling, and Mixing PHysics (TRIUMPH) 2019”
Executive Summary
The Indonesian seas provide a low-latitude pathway for the transfer of warm, relatively low salinity Pacific waters into the Indian Ocean, known as the Indonesia Through-flow (ITF) which has impacts on the basin budgets of the Pacific and the Indian Oceans. Indonesian seas host the strongest equatorial convective center that drives the global tropical circulation (Walker Circulation), which affects Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), Asian-Australian monsoon and interacts with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Indonesia Through-Flow (ITF), flow through several waters in Indonesia seas like Seram Sea, Banda Sea, Makassar Strait, Lombok Strait and Eastern Indian Ocean which classified as deep ocean. The Makassar Strait, Lifamatola Strait / Seram Sea, and Karimata Strait are three main inflow passages and Lombok, Alas, Sape Straits, and Timor passage are the exit pathways of the ITF which transmit water masses from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean and also transform the water mass by mixing and intensive internal-wave generation. The deep ocean is a dynamic, yet poorly explored system that provides critical climate regulation, host a wealth of hydrocarbon, mineral, and genetic resources, and represent a vast repository for biodiversity. Today human activities associated with the extraction of energy and living resources routinely extend into deep ocean, and new deep-sea industries such as seabed mining, gas hydrate extraction, and bio prospecting are on the horizon. In order to improve the understanding of the transport in the ITF input passages, the mixing along the exit passages, the upwelling in Eastern Indian Ocean, and contribute to improve understanding of the state of the deep ocean to characterize existing condition and quantify the response to climate variability and human disturbance as well as benefit the people living in this area, we conduct the Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) Research Program. The data acquired in the Indonesian EEZ will be owned by the Indonesian Government and the partners will have the copy of data. The transfer of materials outside the Indonesian Territory will be done following a Material Transfer Agreement. Publication of the results in peer-reviewed international journal and other publications shall be done together between parties. The author list should be based on their scientific contributions. The TRIUMPH II Team is an international research collaboration of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), First Institute of Oceanography (FIO) and University of Maryland (UMD). We are welcome to collaborate with many scientists from various research Institutions both internal or external of LIPI and universities in Indonesia to participate and involved actively with this TRIUMPH research program.
Keyword: Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), Mixing Physics, Upwelling, Deep Ocean Observation, Climate Change.
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TABLE OF CONTENT Executive Summary ...... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 6 1.1 Background ...... 6 1.2 Objectives ...... 8 1.3 Benefit of TRIUMPH Project ...... 9 2. TRIUMPH 2019 EXPEDITION ...... 10 2.1 Time and Research Vessel ...... 10 2.2 Research Area ...... 10 2.3 Expedition Outline ...... 13 2.4 Expedition Member ...... 15 3. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT ...... 22 3.1 Time Series Physical Vertical Profile of Seawater...... 22 3.1.1 Surface Mooring (RAMA Mooring) ...... 22 3.1.2 Sub-Surface Moorings ...... 24 3.1.3 Bottom Moorings ...... 33 3.2 Physical Vertical Profile of Seawater ...... 34 3.3 Chemical Vertical Profile of Seawater ...... 35 3.4 Microorganism ...... 37 3.5 Plankton ...... 38 3.6 Larvae Sampling ...... 39 3.7 Plankton Video Recorder (PVR) ...... 40 3.8 Gravity Core...... 40 3.9 Turbulance Microstructur Profiler (TurboMAP) MSS 60 ...... 42 3.10 Expendable Conductivity Temperature and Depth (XCTD) ...... 43 3.11 Pro Oceanus pCO2 ...... 43 3.12 Weather Station ...... 44 3.13 Underway Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) ...... 44 3.14 Total Aerosol Measurement ...... 44 4. TRIUMPH 2019 DOCUMENTATION AND LOG ...... 46 4.1 Preparation ...... 46 4.2 Mooring Deployment and Recovery Report ...... 47 4.3 CTD And Rosette Bottle Casting Report ...... 62 4.4 Plankton Net Sampling Report ...... 103 4.5 Gravity Core Sampling Report ...... 110 4.6 Larvae Sampling Report ...... 112 4.7 Plankton Video Recorder (PVR) Casting Report ...... 113 4.8 Microstructure Casting Report ...... 114 4.9 XCTD Casting Report ...... 115 4.10 Underway pCO2 Recording Report ...... 118 4.13 Onboard Classroom Activities ...... 120 5. PLAN For TRIUMPH 2019 - 2021 ...... 122
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TABLE OF FIGURE
Figure 1. Multipurpose Research Vessel RV. Baruna Jaya VIII ...... 10 Figure 2. The Research Station Position of TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition...... 11 Figure 3. The Research Station Position of TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition...... 11 Figure 4. Instruments and Sensors for RAMA Surface Mooring In TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition ...... 23 Figure 5. The Configuration of RAMA Surface Mooring In TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition ...... 25 Figure 6. Instruments and Sensors for Sub-Surface Mooring In TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition ...... 27 Figure 7. The Configuration of Sub-surface Mooring (JUVO 1 and JUVO 2 Mooring) in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition...... 28 Figure 8. The Configuration of Sub-surface Mooring L1 (North of Lombok Strait) in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition...... 29 Figure 9. The Configuration of Sub-surface Mooring L2 (North of Lombok Strait) in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition...... 30 Figure 10. The Configuration of Sub-surface Mooring M1 (North of Makassar Strait) in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition...... 31 Figure 11. The Configuration of Sub-surface Mooring M2 (North of Makassar Strait) in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition...... 32 Figure 12. The TRBM which used in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition...... 33 Figure 13. The CTD SBE 911+, Main Deck Unit and Computer Unit in RV. Baruna Jaya VIII...... 35 Figure 14. The Rosette Bottle System SBE 32 and other chemical equipment that used in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition...... 36 Figure 15. Equipment for conduct the Microorganism Sampling in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition...... 37 Figure 16. Equipment for conduct the Microorganism Sampling in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition ...... 38 Figure 17. Equipment for conduct the Plankton Sampling ...... 39 Figure 18. Equipment for conduct the Larvae Sampling ...... 40 Figure 19. Plankton Video Recorder ...... 40 Figure 20. Gravity Core ...... 41 Figure 21. Rose Bengal solution and core top samples soaked in rose Bengal solution...... 42 Figure 22. Turbulance Microstructure Profiler (TurboMAP) MSS 60 ...... 43 Figure 23. Expendable Conductivity Temperature and Depth (XCTD) ...... 43 Figure 24. Pro Oceanus pCO2 Probe, water flow system with the pipe and the recorder...... 44 Figure 25. The Intrument to Measure the Total Aerosol in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition ...... 45 Figure 26. TRIUMPH 2018 Leg 1 Expedition Preparation From November 11 to 17 2019. 47 Figure 27. RAMA 2019 Mooring Deployment in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition ...... 50 Figure 28. RAMA 2018 Mooring Recovery in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition ...... 51 Figure 29. Sub-Surface Mooring Deployment Documentation in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition ...... 52 Figure 30. Sub-Surface Mooring Recovery in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition...... 52 Figure 31. Deployment of TRBM (Bottom Mooring) in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition...... 53 Figure 32. CTD and Rosette Bottle Casting and Water Sample Collecting Activity in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition...... 62 Figure 33. Plankton Sampling Activity in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition...... 103 Page 3
Figure 34. Gravity Core Casting and Sample Collecting Activity in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition...... 110 Figure 35. Larvae Sampling and Sorting Activity in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition...... 112 Figure 36. Plankton Video Recorder Casting Activity in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition...... 113 Figure 37. Turbulance Microstructure Profiler (TurboMAP) MSS60 Casting Activity in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition...... 114 Figure 38. XCTD Casting Activity in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition...... 115 Figure 39. Onboard Classroom Activities in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition...... 121
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LIST OF TABLE
Table 1. Detail Research Station Positions in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition. 11 Table 2. List of Participants of TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 and Leg 2 Expedition 15 Table 3. List of RAMA Surface Mooring Equipment That Deployed in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition. 24 Table 4. List of Sub-surface Mooring Equipment That Deployed in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition. 26 Table 5. List of Bottom Mooring Equipment That Deployed in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition. 33 Table 6. Mooring Deployment and Recovery Status During TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition. 48 Table 7. Detail Position of Mooring Which Deployed in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition 48 Table 8. The Sensors in RAMA 2018 Surface Mooring After Recovery in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition and The Status. 54 Table 9. The Sensors in JUVO1 2018 Sub-Surface Mooring After Recovery in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition and The Status. 57 Table 10. The Sensors in JUVO2 2018 Sub-Surface Mooring After Recovery in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition and The Status. 59 Table 11. Details Information of CTD and Rosette Bottle Casting in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition 63 Table 12. Details Information of Plankton Sampling from Plankton Net (for the sample from the Rosette Bottle, see in Table 11) in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition 103 Table 13. Details Information of Gravity Core Casting in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition 111 Table 14. Details Information of Larvae Net Casting in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition 112 Table 15. Details Information of PVR Casting in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition 113 Table 16. Details Information of TurboMAP MSS60 Casting in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition 114 Table 17. Details Information of XCTD Casting in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition 115 Table 18. The Log Check of pCO2 in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition 118 Table 19. The Log Check of Total Aerosol in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition 120 Table 20. General Plan of Activites of TRIUMPH Collaborative Research Program 122
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background
The Indonesian seas provide a low-latitude pathway for the transfer of warm, relatively low salinity Pacific waters into the Indian Ocean, known as the Indonesia Through-flow (ITF). ITF is an integral part of the global thermohaline circulation which has impacts on the basin budgets of the Pacific and the Indian Oceans. Furthermore, Indonesian seas host the strongest equatorial convective center that drives the global tropical circulation (Walker Circulation), which affects Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), Asian-Australian monsoon and interacts with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Therefore, the variability in ocean- atmosphere processes (transport, mixing, air-sea interaction, etc.) plays an important role not only in the East Asian climate but also for the global climate system. The Makassar Strait, Lifamatola Strait/Seram Sea, and Karimata Strait are three main inflow passages of the ITF, and respectively transmit water masses from the North and South Pacific Ocean and freshwater from the South China Sea into the Indonesian Seas. Since we have relatively long time-series measurements in the shallow Karimata Strait, we will concentrate in the Makassar Strait and Lifamatola passage. The Lombok, Alas, and Sape Straits are important exit pathways of ITF, not only play an important role in the transport of Pacific water into the Indian Ocean but also in the transformation of Pacific water by mixing and intensive internal-wave generation. The recent study (Ray and Susanto, 2016) have suggested that the strongest tidal mixing had been found along the exit passages of the Indonesian seas, especially in the Lombok, Alas, and Sape straits. This is associated with the strong current, stratification, tidal conditions and complex topography. In addition, the ocean tidal mixing may influence the atmospheric condition with the region (Ray and Susanto, 2019). The water mass from exit passages flows to Southern Java waters (Eastern Indian Ocean), where horizontal advection (ITF transport) meet the oceanic vertical advection (upwelling). Eastern Indian Ocean upwelling is a seasonal process in response to the monsoon wind forcing (Susanto et al., 2001), which contributes to the dry season and supports the fishing ground and hence is scientifically and socially important. The internal tides triggered at Lombok, Alas, and Sape Straits also propagate offshore into the open eastern Indian Ocean as well as into the straits. Moreover, the Eastern Indian Ocean upwelling behaves itself at interannual scale as one integral part of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Such complex, temporal-spatial scale-interactions enable the Eastern Indian Ocean an amazing scientific focus. Indonesia Through-Flow (ITF), flow through several waters in Indonesia such as Seram Sea, Banda Sea, Makassar Strait, Lombok Strait and Eastern Indian Ocean which classified as deep ocean. Levin et al (2019) stated that the deep ocean is a dynamic, yet poorly explored system that provides critical climate regulation, host a wealth of hydrocarbon, mineral, and genetic resources, and represent a vast repository for biodiversity. There is no specific depth standard that can be used to classify the deep and shallow ocean. However, according to Deep Ocean Observing Strategy (DOOS) Guideline, deep ocean research focused on ocean
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019 depths below the main thermocline (> 2000 meter), with additional attention to shallower processes and mechanism that are poorly sampled below the photic zone (> 200 meters) that influence the deeper depth. Today human activities associated with the extraction of energy and living resources routinely extend into deep ocean, and new deep-sea industries such as seabed mining, gas hydrate extraction, and bioprospecting are on the horizon (Ramirez- Llodra et.al, 2011). Waste disposal, plastic accumulation, and chemical contaminations also impose new information need. Environmental management in the face of growing industrialization of the deep ocean requires basic knowledge, new strategies and novel tools (Mengerink et. Al, 2014). Deep ocean biodiversity loss and climate-induced regime shifts are occurring in some places and anticipated in others (Levin and Le Bris, 2015). The protection of the deep ocean environment requires an increasing quantity and complexity of deep ocean observation broadly in space and time than ever before. Indonesia waters have an area of ± 6,4 km2 where 68 % ( ± 4,4 km2 ) of them has a depth of more than 200 meters (2,8 km2 has a depth more than 2000 meter and 1,6 km2 has a depth between 200 to 2000 meter) and 32% ( ± 2 Km2) has a depth of less than 200 meter. As a low latitude pathway of ITF, host the strongest equatorial convective center, and dominance classified as deep ocean, Indonesia waters play a critical role in climate variability and climate change. Physical, biological, chemical and biogeochemical observation in the deep ocean will underpin and improve our ability to predict future change. As conservation strategies for deep-sea ecosystems develop (e.g. marine protected areas), the need for better spatial and temporal monitoring of stressors (warming, acidification, deoxygenation) resulting from anthropogenic CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere becomes an international science and societal priority. Research Center of Deep Sea, Indonesian Institute of Science (PPLD LIPI) was established in 2014. Based on Head of LIPI Decree number 1 in 2019, PPLD has a task to carry out deep-sea research in Indonesia waters. Deep-sea research is very challenging, high cost, require advanced technology and standard operating procedure as well as have a high risk of damage to equipment due to extreme pressure in the deep ocean. PPLD has experiences conducted open sea research in Eastern Indonesian Seas such as Makassar Strait, Seram Sea, Banda Sea, Weda Bay, and North Papua waters. However, the measured data condition such as types of essential ocean variables (EOVs) measured, observation depth, and timescale of data have limited to few parameters up to 1000 meter depth (mostly at a depth less than 200 meters) and only measured at that time only. To overcome this problem and start conducting the latest deep ocean research according to DOOS guideline, a collaborative research program between various parties both national and international is needed. In order to improve the understanding of the transport in the ITF input passages, the mixing along the exit passages, the upwelling in Eastern Indian Ocean, and contribute to improve understanding of the state of the deep ocean to characterize existing condition and quantify the response to climate variability and human disturbance as well as benefit the people living in this area, we make Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) supported by the Plan of Operation (PO) between the Research Center for Deep Sea – Indonesian Institute of
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Sciences (RCDS – LIPI), First Institute of Oceanography – Ministry of Natural Resources (FIO-MNR), People Republic China (PRC) and the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science – University of Maryland (UMD), USA. The MOU and PO are concerning in Scientific Collaboration entitle “Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH)”. The TRIUMPH program outlines an effort to measure the full-depth magnitude and variability of the water mass transport, mixing in the inflow and exit passages, and characteristic of deep ocean ecosystem by deploying a series of moorings and conduct physical, biological, chemical and biogeochemical observation in the Makassar, Bali, Badung, Lombok, and Alas straits, as well as Eastern Indian Ocean. This program will determine the ecosystem characteristic and transport in these straits, and study their interannual variability and relation with the monsoon, MJO, ENSO, and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). This project will enhance our knowledge on ITF, mixing, upwelling and deep ocean observation, which helps the decision maker to develop a strategy for strong science, policy, and planning for sustainable oceans as well as contribute to deep ocean scientific networks to cope with climate change. The knowledge is also important to mitigate climate change impacts on sustainable fisheries and marine biodiversity as well as the ecosystem in general. It is crucial to have sustained observations to quantify their contributions to basin scale balances of heat, freshwater and biogeochemical fluxes from the Pacific into the Indian Ocean. These long-term observations will also better constrain future climate projection and variability. The forms of cooperation and contribution of each side are described in the Memorandum of Understanding will be carried out from 2018 to 2021.
1.2 Objectives
The objectives for the TRIUMPH 2019 project are as follows:
[1] To measure and determine the magnitude and variability of full depth transport of water mass, heat and freshwater flux as well as biogeochemical flux at main ITF inflow and exit passages such as Makassar Straits, Lifamatola passage/Seram passage, Bali Strait, Lombok Strait, Alas Strait, and Sape Strait. [2] To measure and determine the mechanism and processes of tidal mixing and the effects on the water mass transformation along the exit passages of the ITF such the Lombok, Alas and Sape Straits. [3] To measure and determine the variability of Indian Ocean Dipole and Upwelling in the Eastern Indian Ocean. [4] To observe the deep ocean physical and biogeochemical parameter and improve understanding of the state of the deep ocean, in order to characterize existing condition and quantify the response to climate variability and human disturbance.
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1.3 Benefit of TRIUMPH Project
The TRIUMPH 2019 project over an opportunities as follows:
[1] Research outcomes will benefits Indonesian on understanding regional ocean-climate variability and climate change which have strong impacts on all aspect of human life. [2] Research outcomes of the upwelling and mixing programs may be used for sustainable fisheries and coastal zone management. [3] Research outcome of the ITF program may help government on prediction and mitigation of climate extereme event like El Nino and La Nina. [4] An opportunity for Indonesian scientists to produce join peer-review papers and update the ocean database. [5] An opportunity for Indonesian scientists and technicians to learn the mechanism and operational of deep-sea mooring system and practice on board research Expedition for deployment and recovery of the mooring. [6] An opportunity for Indonesian scientist to learn the standard procedure for deep ocean mooring data quality control and processing using standards and practice of Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and Deep Ocean Observing System (DOOS) framework. [7] An opportunity to conduct open sea and deep sea research especially on the ocean depth between 200 – 2000 meter (according to DOOS guideline) to enhance understanding on deep-sea ecosystem and the influence of the ITF. We will have about 40 Expedition days per year in the Indian Ocean to Makassar Strait by using Indonesian Research Vessel.
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
2. TRIUMPH 2019 EXPEDITION 2.1 Time and Research Vessel
TRIUMPH 2019 expedition divide into 2 (two) phase (leg) i.e. TRUMPH 2019 Leg 1 and TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2. The expedition start from November 18th to December 24th 2019 (35 cruise days and 2 transit days). The Ship departs from Nizam Zachman Port, Muara Baru, Jakarta and streaming to Sunda Strait, Indian Ocean, Bali Strait, Badung Strait, Lombok Strait, Alas Strait, Makassar Strait, Java Sea and back to Nizam Zachman Port. TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition used RV. Baruna Jaya VIII (see Figure 1) that manage by Research Center of Oceanography. RV. Baruna Jaya VIII is a multipurpose research vessel that built on 1998 in Norwegian with length about 53,2 meters.
Figure 1. Multipurpose Research Vessel RV. Baruna Jaya VIII
2.2 Research Area
TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition has conducted in Sunda Strait, Indian Ocean and Bali Strait for Leg 1 and Bali Strait, Alas Strait, Lombok Strait, Badung Strait and Makassar Strait for Leg 2. The research station position can be seen in Figure 2 and Figure 3 with coordinate information in Table 1. There are some changes in the number of casting stations in leg 1 due to a problems while deployment the RAMA 2019 Mooring and recovery the RAMA 2018 Mooring and some additional station in leg 2 to collect more sediment core sample. The changes also made base on field condition, scientific approximation and time efficiency so that no time wasted.
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Figure 2. The Research Station Position of TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition.
Figure 3. The Research Station Position of TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition.
Table 1. Detail Research Station Positions in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition. Bottom Station Number Latitude Longitude Depth (m) Station 1: TRIUMPH19_73 5° 57.199’ S 103° 47.690' E 99 Station 2: TRIUMPH19_74 6° 07.723’ S 105° 31.499' E 54 Station 3: TRIUMPH19_75 6° 16.053’ S 105° 16.197' E 150
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Bottom Station Number Latitude Longitude Depth (m) Station 4: TRIUMPH19_01 6° 27.294’ S 104° 53.672' E 1766 Station 5: TRIUMPH19_02 6° 45.173’ S 104° 04.550' E 1940 Station 6: TRIUMPH19_03 7° 01.173’ S 103° 19.435' E 2630 Station 7: TRIUMPH19_04 7° 22.551’ S 102° 15.077' E 5740 Station 8: TRIUMPH19_05 7° 34.920’ S 101° 15.353' E 5460 Station 9: TRIUMPH19_06 7° 59.984’ S 99° 53.578' E 5321 Station 10: Mooring RAMA 1 8° 03.851’ S 99° 56.998 E 5593 Station 11: TRIUMPH19_09 8° 34.979’ S 106° 45.423’ E 2022 Station 12: Mooring JUVO 1 8° 35.036’ S 106° 46.138’ E 1975 Station 13: TRIUMPH19_10 8° 20.604’ S 107° 14.208’ E 3379 Station 14: TRIUMPH19_11 8° 08.813’ S 107° 37.061’ E 4386 Station 15: TRIUMPH19_12 8° 01.049’ S 107° 58.421’ E 1078 Station 16: TRIUMPH19_13 8° 31.135’ S 109° 55.155’ E 1527 Station 17: TRIUMPH19_21 8° 54.454’ S 114° 11.773’ E 1607 Station 18: TRIUMPH19_22 8° 57.760’ S 114° 40.717’ E 1527 Station 19: TRIUMPH19_23 8° 39.203’ S 114° 40.974’ E - Station 20: TRIUMPH19_24 8° 26.097’ S 114° 29.923’ E - Station 21: TRBM Bali 8° 06.581’ S 114° 25.288’ E 68 Station 22: JUVO 2 8° 53.759’ S 113° 58.453’ E 1786 Station 23: TRIUMPH19_25 9° 05.369’ S 114° 53.698’ E 3070 Station 24: TRIUMPH19_26 9° 16.761’ S 115° 14.121’ E 2944 Station 25: TRIUMPH19_27 9° 28.651’ S 115° 35.358’ E 3579 Station 26: TRIUMPH19_28 9° 19.679’ S 116° 03.058’ E 2857 Station 27: TRIUMPH19_29 9° 09.999’ S 116° 23.803’ E 1947 Station 28: TRBM Alas 8° 52.211’ S 116° 40.254’ E 119 Station 29: TRIUMPH19_30 8° 52.266’ S 116° 40.109’ E 122 Station 30: TRIUMPH19_31 9° 00.778’ S 116° 24.972’ E 176 Station 31: TRIUMPH19_32 9° 00.698’ S 116° 04.601’ E 773 Station 32: TRIUMPH19_33 9° 03.260’ S 115° 36.992’ E 1377 Station 33: TRIUMPH19_36 8° 38.317’ S 115° 39.305’ E 475 Station 34: TRBM Badung 8° 41.902’ S 115° 18.455’ E 60 Station 35: Mooring L1 8° 24.331’ S 115° 47.967’ E 1269 Station 36: TRIUMPH19_38 8° 25.260’ S 115° 57.562’ E 1117 Station 37: Mooring L2 8° 24.816' S 115° 53.366' E 1121 Station 38: TRIUMPH19_39 8° 00.005’ S 116° 00.424’ E 1445 Station 39: TRIUMPH19_40 7° 31.022’ S 116° 11.357’ E 627 Station 40: TRIUMPH19_41 6° 59.996’ S 116° 22.083’ E 302 Station 41: TRIUMPH19_42 6° 31.114’ S 116° 37.049’ E 439
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Bottom Station Number Latitude Longitude Depth (m) Station 42: TRIUMPH19_43 5° 59.982’ S 116° 49.933’ E 645 Station 43: TRIUMPH19_44 5° 29.217’ S 117° 03.833’ E 639 Station 44: TRIUMPH19_45 4° 52.642’ S 117° 13.209’ E 200 Station 45: TRIUMPH19_46 4° 30.102’ S 117° 38.864’ E 1863 Station 46: TRIUMPH19_47 4° 02.077’ S 117° 59.981’ E 1900 Station 47: TRIUMPH19_48 3° 32.718’ S 118° 32.732’ E 1966 Station 48: TRIUMPH19_49 3° 00.545’ S 118° 31.127’ E 2153 Station 49: TRIUMPH19_50 1° 59.988’ S 118° 49.994’ E 1671 Station 50: TRIUMPH19_51 1° 03.332’ S 118° 59.105’ E 1966 Station 51: TRIUMPH19_52 0° 00.015’ S 119° 24.960’ E 1625 Station 52: TRIUMPH19_57 0° 43.636’ N 119° 59.733’ E 268 Station 53: TRIUMPH19_Gravity Dompal 0° 50.588’ N 120° 06.923’ E 617 Station 54: Mooring M2 0° 47.522’ N 119° 44.876’ E 3079 Station 55: TRIUMPH19_56 0° 45.159’ N 119° 43.394’ E 3131 Station 56: TRIUMPH19_55 0° 52.450’ N 119° 30.468’ E 2532 Station 57: TRIUMPH19_53 1° 01.656’ N 119° 01.368’ E 834 Station 58: Mooring M1 0° 57.328’ N 119° 16.132’ E 3258 Station 59: TRIUMPH19_54 0° 56.996’ N 119° 16.020’ E 3341 Station 60: TRIUMPH19_Gravity Sangata 0° 13.531’ N 117° 47.694’ E 636 Station 61: TRIUMPH19_Gravity 1° 44.439’ S 117° 24.991’ E 519 Balikpapan
2.3 Expedition Outline
TRIUMPH 2019 expedition divide into 2 (two) phase (leg) i.e. TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 and TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2. TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 research area is in Eastern Indian Ocean and South of Java Island. The focus is in climate prediction and South Java Upwelling. However, TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 focus in ocean mixing and Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) that flow in Makassar Strait, Bali Strait, Badung Strait and Alas Strait. Moreover, to enhance the understanding of upwelling, mixing and throughflow to the ecosystem, we add chemical, biological, geological and atmospheric aspect in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition. The TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition start from November 18th to December 2nd 2019 (15 cruise days). The ship departs from Nizam Zachman Port, Muara Baru, Jakarta and streaming to Sunda Strait, Indian Ocean, Bali Strait and transit in Tanjung Wangi Port, Banyuwangi (Figure 2). On December 3rd – 4th 2019, we stay at Tanjung Wangi Port, Banyuwangi for refuelling the ship, change the researcher team, unloading the Leg 1 insturments and loading the leg 2 instruments to the ship. We did the preparation to conduct the TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition from Banyuwangi to Jakarta. We start the TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 expedition from December 5th to December 24th 2019. We embark from Tanjung
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Wangi Port, Banyuwangi and streaming to Bali Strait, Badung, Strait, Lombok Strait, Alas Strait, Makassar Strait and finish the Expedition in Muara Baru Port, Jakarta (Figure 3).
In TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition, we conducted activities as follows : 1. Recovery and re-deployed of 1 (one) surface mooring (RAMA Mooring). 2. Recovery and re-deployed of 2 (two) subsurface mooring (JUVO 1 and JUVO 1 Mooring). 3. Measured the vertical profile of seawater (temperature, salinity, conductivity, density, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence and beam transmission) in 16 stations using CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) SBE 911+. 4. Measured the vertical profile of seawater (temperature, salinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and fluorescence) and high resolution of plankton photograph in 3 stations using Plankton Video Recorder (PVR). 5. Collected the water samples in 16 stations using Rosette Bottle SBE 32 that combine with CTD SBE 911+. 6. Collected the deep sea microorganism from seawater on 5000 meter, 3000 meter, 1000 meter and below thermocline in 8 stations. 7. Collected the plankton sample from 300 meter to surface in 18 station using Kitahara Net and Norpac Net. 8. Collected the sediment sample in 2 stations using Gravity Core. 9. Collected the larva sample from 600 meter to surface in 4 stations using Bongo Net.
In TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition, we conducted activities as follows : 1. Deploy 2 (two) subsurface mooring in the North of Lombok Strait (L1 and L2 Mooring). 2. Deploy 2 (two) subsurface mooring in the North of Makassar Strait (M1 and M2 Mooring). 3. Measured the vertical profile of seawater (temperature, salinity, conductivity, density, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence and beam transmission) in 33 stations using CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) SBE 911+. 4. Measured the vertical profile of seawater (temperature, salinity and conductivity) in 58 stations using XCTD. 5. Measured the vertical mixing of the ocean in 18 stations using Turbulance Microstructure Profiler (TurboMAP) MSS 60 6. Collected the water samples in 33 stations using Rosette Bottle SBE 32 that combine with CTD SBE 911+. 7. Collected the sediment sample in 10 stations using Gravity Core. 8. Collected the plankton sample from 300 meter to surface in 19 station using Kitahara Net and Norpac Net. 9. Collected the deep sea microorganism from seawater on 3000 meter, 1000 meter and some level in 21 stations.
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
2.4 Expedition Member
The participants (researcher, technician and ship crew) of TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition Leg 1 were 53 peoples and leg 2 were 53 peoples. The participants were from Research Center of Deep Sea (RCDS-LIPI), Research Center of Oceanography (RCO-LIPI), Research Center of Geotechnology (RCG-LIPI), Institute of Marine Research and Observation (IMRO- KKP), Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), University of Sriwijaya (UNSRI), Polytechnic of Marine and Fisheries Maluku (Poltekan Maluku), Agency of Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), Center of Hydro-Oceanography Indonesia Navy (PUSHIDROS-AL), First Institute of Oceanography (FIO-MNR) and University of Maryland (UMD). Details of the participants can be seen in Table 2.
Table 2. List of Participants of TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 and Leg 2 Expedition
Expedition No. Name Institution Position TRIUMPH 1 Prof Sam Wouthuyzen RCO - LIPI Chief Scientist 2019 LEG 1 2 R. Dwi Susanto, Ph.D. UMD Chief Scientist 3 Dr. Huiwu Wang FIO - MNR Chief Scientist 4 Muhammad Fadli, M.Si RCDS - LIPI Chief of Party 5 Heri Fajar W NAVY Security Officer 6 Qinglei Su FIO - MNR Technician 7 Wei Wu FIO - MNR Technician 8 Fareza S. Yuwono Researcher 9 Willem M. Tatipatta Researcher 10 Hanung Agus M Researcher 11 Ahmad Romdon Researcher RCDS - LIPI 12 Rafidha Dh. A. Opier Researcher 13 Ferdimon Kainama Technician 14 Malik Sudin Abdul Technician 15 Abdul Kadir Yamko Technician 16 Ahmad Bayhaqi Researcher 17 Asep Sandra B RCO - LIPI Researcher 18 Singgih Prasetyo A Technician 19 Romanu D. Sasongko Researcher 20 Bayu Priyono IMRO - KKP Researcher 21 IGP. Sukadana Technician 22 Wijaya Mardiansyah UNSRI Researcher 23 M.Arvin Widatama Researcher ITB 24 Septhy Kusuma R. Researcher 25 Arief Wibowo S BMKG Researcher
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Expedition No. Name Institution Position Poltekan 26 Selfrida M. Horhoruw Researcher Maluku 27 dr. Sandra Widjaja Hakim RCO - LIPI Doctor TRIUMPH Chief Scientist/Chief 1 Muhammad Fadli, M.Si RCDS - LIPI 2019 LEG 2 Party 2 R. Dwi Susanto, Ph.D. UMD Chief Scientist 3 Dr. Shujiang Li FIO - MNR Chief Scientist 4 Heri Fajar W NAVY Security Officer 5 Fei Teng FIO - MNR Researcher 6 Bingbin Qin FIO - MNR Researcher 7 Fareza S. Yuwono Researcher 8 Willem M. Tatipatta Researcher 9 Hanung Agus M Researcher 10 Rafidha Dh. A. Opier Researcher 11 Zen Ladestam Siallagan Researcher RCDS - LIPI 12 Charlie Ester De Fretes Researcher 13 Ferdimon Kainama Researcher 14 Abdul Kadir Yamko Technician 15 Ahmad Soamole Technician 16 Iskandar A.H. Pelupessy Technician 17 Masfasran Hendrizan RCG - LIPI Researcher 18 Ahmad Bayhaqi Researcher RCO - LIPI 19 Singgih Prasetyo A Technician 20 Romanu D. Sasongko Researcher 21 Teguh Agustiadi Researcher IMRO - KKP 22 Dhimas Ihsan Rasidi Technician 23 IGP. Sukadana Technician 24 Siti Tamalia Zuraydah ITB Researcher 25 Yosafat Donny BMKG Researcher Poltekan 26 Selfrida M. Horhoruw Researcher Maluku 27 dr. Sandra Widjaja Hakim RCO - LIPI Doctor TRIUMPH 1 Rusli Mansur Captain 2019 2 Heru Priyambodo Officer I EXPEDITION 3 Jermias Buiswaren Crew Officer II 4 Rifai Makassar RV. Baruna Officer III 5 Deni Purnomo A.Md Jaya VIII Chief Engineer 6 Yefrizal Assistant Engineer I 7 Mudi Setiabudi Assistant Engineer II
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Expedition No. Name Institution Position 8 Fadil Assistant Engineer III 9 Jefri Juliansyah Instrument Analyst 10 Narto, A.Md Radio Reiza Dyan Fanthony, 11 Electrical Technician A.Md 12 Edy Endrotjahyo Helmsman 13 Hari Pratomo, A.Md Machine 14 Soegiman Deckhand I 15 Ramli Pardiansyah Deckhand II 16 Galih Chesar Nugroho Deckhand III 17 Rendra Hadi Wibawa, S.T Oil Man I 18 Apolus Poly Marlissa Oil Man II 19 Jonathan Pariury Oil Man III 20 Maulana Yusuf Chief Cook I 21 Saefudin Cook II 22 Supardi Waitress 23 Mahrus Pane Housekeeper 24 Muhadjirin Instrument Technician 25 Priyadi Dwi Santoso Instrument Technician 26 Nuradmodjo Instrument Technician
Sam Wouthuyzen R. Dwi Susanto Huiwu Wang Shujiang Li (Chief Scientist) (Chief Scientiest) (Chief Scientist) (Chief Scientist)
Hery Fajar W. Muhammad Fadli Wei WU Qinglei Su Security Officer (Chief Party) (FIO) (FIO)
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Fareza S. Yuwono Wilem M. Tatipata Hanung Agus M. Ahmad Romdon (PPLD) (PPLD) (P2LD) (P2LD)
Romanu D. Sasongko Bayu Priyono I.G.P. Sukadana M. Arvin Widatama (BROL) (BROL) (BROL) (ITB)
Wijaya Mardiansyah Ferdimon Kainama Malik Sudin Abdul Ahmad Bayhaqi (Universitas (P2LD) (P2LD) (P2O) Sriwijaya)
Asep Sandra B. Abdul Kadir Yamko Arief Wibowo Singgih Prasetyo (P2O) (P2LD) (BMKG) (P2O)
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Rafidha Dh. A. Opier Selfrida M. Horhoruw Dr. Sandra W. Hakim Septhy Kusuma R. (P2LD) (Politeknik KP (P2O) (ITB) Maluku)
Bingbin Qin Fei Teng Ahmad Soamole Teguh A. Setyadi (FIO) (FIO) (P2LD) (BROL)
Iskandar A.H. Zen L.Siallagan Masfasran Hendrizan Yosafat Doni Pelupessy (P2LD) (P3GL) (BMKG) (P2LD)
Siti Tamalia Z. Charlie E. de Fretes Rusly Mansyur Heru Priyambodo (ITB) (P2LD) (Kapten Kapal)
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Jermias J. Buiswarin Rifai Makassar Deni Purnomo Fadil
Yefrizal Mudi Setiabudi Narto Apolus Poli Marlisa
Maulana Yusuf Muhadjirin Nuradmojo Priyadi D.S.
Edy Endrotjahyo Soegiman Hari Pratomo, A.Md Saefudin
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Ramli Pariury Jonathan Supardi Mahrus Pane
Rendra H.W.S.T Reiza D.F. Galih C. Dika
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3. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT 3.1 Time Series Physical Vertical Profile of Seawater
Measurement the physical vertical profile of seawater in fix position and depth for a long time are using the platform called mooring. There are some kind of mooring and for TRIUMPH Research, we use 3 kind of mooring i.e. Surface Mooring, Sub-surface Mooring and Bottom Mooring. Generally, surface and sub-surface mooring are consist of main floatation, mini floatation (glass ball or glass sphere), anchor and all items are connected with the rope (Kevlar, nylon or nano rope). Some sensors to measure the physical properties of seawater (temperature, conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen and ocean current) are attached in the main floatation and the rope. The configuration of sensors that attached in mooring is depend on the research focus i.e ocean upwelling, ocean atmosphere interaction, kelvin wave, Indonesian through-flow, water mass characteristic, oxygen depletion etc. Normally, the mooring will deploy for one year or more depend on the condition of the instrument. For bottom mooring, the instrument consist of bottom platform and the sensors. Bottom mooring is used in shallower area no more than 100 meter. The bottom platform have a compact design that combination of anchor, floatation and sensor frame. Normally, the sensors attached in Bottom mooring are 1 (one) ocean current profiler called Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and 1 (one) CTD Sensor, because the main function of bottom mooring is to measure the vertical profile of ocean current. Surface mooring is deployed outside the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) because the regulation in Indonesia forbid the foreign research instrument inside the EEZ to transfer the data in real-time mode. Sub-surface and bottom mooring is deployed inside the Indonesian EEZ because this type of mooring cannot transmit data in real-time mode. Bottom mooring is specific deployed in narrow and shallow water like strait. We need to frequently recovery and re-deploy the subsurface and bottom mooring to collect the data and do some maintenance.
3.1.1 Surface Mooring (RAMA Mooring)
There are 1 (one) surface mooring have deployed in Indian Ocean, outside the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The mooring is a part of RAMA Mooring Formation that exists in South Eastern Tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) area. Surface mooring consist of a surface floatation (Bailong Buoy) that have a tower for meteorological equipment and satellite communication antenna to transmit the data to land station. In the buoy, there is a motherboard circuit that control all the atmosphere, oceanic and communication process. Below the Bailong Buoy, we use the wire rope that attached with some sensors (CTD and Ocean Current Meter). The sensor have the communication module (inductive modem) that can transmit the data to the wire rope and the wire rope will transmit the data to the motherboard in the Bailong Buoy. After the wire rope, we use the nano rope until the acoustic release and the anchor in the seabed. The length of wire rope is about 700 meter and
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019 the sensor only installed in wire rope for RAMA Surface Mooring. From the configuration of RAMA Surface Mooring, we can measure the ocean and atmosphere condition in the SETIO area in real-time mode to observe the climate condition. Detail of mooring equipment, the configuration, and the instruments can be seen in Table 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5.
The Bailong Buoy (RAMA Mooring) Weather Station in Bailong Buoy Tower
Wire Rope for Inductive Data Transmit CTD Sensor attached in Wire Rope
Ocean Current Sensor attached in Wire Rope Nano Rope installed after Wire Rope
Glass Sphere installed after Nano Rope and The Anchor installed after Acoustic Release before Acoustic Release Figure 4. Instruments and Sensors for RAMA Surface Mooring In TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition
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Table 3. List of RAMA Surface Mooring Equipment That Deployed in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition. Name Quantity Functionality Contents Tower Main buoy Wire rope Surface Buoy system is designed Nano rope to measure the oceanic and Glass sphere RAMA Surface Mooring atmospheric parameters and 1 Set ORE releasers System Model Bailong-1 deliver in real-time to the land Wire chains station by Iridium satellite system Anchor at real-time mode Sensors Deck unit Tool Box
3.1.2 Sub-Surface Moorings
There are 6 (six) sub-surface moorings have deployed. Two sub-surface mooring in the Indian Ocean (South of Java Waters), two in North of Lombok Strait and two in North of Makassar Strait. The sub-surface mooring consist of main floatation that will fill with Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) (sometimes called ADCP Floatation). After main floatation, we used kevlar or nylon rope and attached the sensors to measure temperature, conductivity, salinity, depth and dissolve oxygen. Below the rope or some part if needed, we use some glass sphere to maintain the buoyancy of the mooring. The buoyancy is important to hold the configuration always straight up. In the end of the mooring, there are two acoustic releaser and connect to the anchor that will stay in seabed. There are no instrument in the mooring that can transmit data and the main floatation will store under the surface about 200 – 500 meter. From the configuration of Sub - surface Mooring, we can measure the ocean and atmosphere condition in the Indian Ocean, Lombok Strait and Makassar Strait to observe the climate condition. The moorings in the Indian Ocean is the substitute of old sub-surface mooring that deployed in 2018 (JUVO1 2018 and JUVO2 2018). The sensors in the old mooring need to recover to download the data, change the battery and do some maintenance like calibration or change some damage part. However, the mooring in the Lombok Strait (Mooring L1 and Mooring L2) and Makassar Strait (Mooring M1 and Mooring M2) is new deployment. Detail of mooring equipment, the configuration, and the instruments can be seen in Table 4, Figure 6 to Figure 11.
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Figure 5. The Configuration of RAMA Surface Mooring In TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition
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Table 4. List of Sub-surface Mooring Equipment That Deployed in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition. Name Quantity Functionality Contents 49” Flotation buoy Kevlar Rope The submerged buoy systems are Glass Sphere designed to be deployed in the Sub-surface Mooring ORE Releaser 6 Set water to measure current profile, System Chain water temperature, and salinity Anchor for a long time in the deep sea. Toolbox CTD Sensor 75K ADCP
USA Main Floatation/ADCP Floatation China Main Floatation/ADCP Floatation
ADCP RDI Teledyne Long Ranger 75 Khz CTD SBE 37, SBE 39 and RBR Solo
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Kevlar Rope and Attached Sensors Parflux Sediment Trap
Glasssphere and Acoustic Release Anchor Figure 6. Instruments and Sensors for Sub-Surface Mooring In TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition
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Figure 7. The Configuration of Sub-surface Mooring (JUVO 1 and JUVO 2 Mooring) in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition.
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Figure 8. The Configuration of Sub-surface Mooring L1 (North of Lombok Strait) in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition.
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Figure 9. The Configuration of Sub-surface Mooring L2 (North of Lombok Strait) in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition.
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Figure 10. The Configuration of Sub-surface Mooring M1 (North of Makassar Strait) in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition.
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Figure 11. The Configuration of Sub-surface Mooring M2 (North of Makassar Strait) in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition.
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3.1.3 Bottom Moorings
There are 3 (three) bottom mooring have deployed in Bali Strait, Badung Strait and Alas Strait. The name of bottom mooring is Trawl Resistance Bottom Mooring (TRBM) which have capability to withstand from the trawl. We used 2 (two) types of TRBM. Type one is designed from China and the other is designed from Italy (see figure Figure 12 and Table 5). The China TRBM used the iron frame and cover with plastic. There is a small floatation in the center (the yellow) which use as ADCP frame (ADCP Linkquest). The CTD SBE 37 IM has attached in the TRBM frame. Otherwise, Italy TRBM used the combination of cement, hard foam, thin steel and ceramic. There are some mechanism inside the TRBM that will uses while we recover the TRBM. One ADCP Linkquest and CTD SBE 37 IM have installed in the Italy TRBM. The ADCP will use to measure the vertical profile of ocean current and the CTD SBE 37 will measure the temperature, conductivity, salinity and depth.
TRBM Designed by China TRBM Designed by Italy Figure 12. The TRBM which used in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition.
Table 5. List of Bottom Mooring Equipment That Deployed in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition. Name Quantity Functionality Contents Flotation buoy Frame TRBM system is designed to be Anchor TRBMs System FIO-180 deployed on the seabed to 2 Sets Glass Sphere Model measure current profile, water ORE Releaser temperature, and salinity for a CTD Sensor long time in the shallow sea. It ADCP has the function with resistance to Flotation buoy TRBMs System Italy fishing. 1 Set Frame Model Anchor
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Name Quantity Functionality Contents Glass Sphere ORE Releaser CTD Sensor ADCP
3.2 Physical Vertical Profile of Seawater
Vertical profile of seawater has measured by using CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) SBE 911+ combine with Rosette Sampler System SBE 32. The CTD has sensors to measure conductivity, temperature, depth, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, acidity, and beam transmission. Water samples from specific depth are collected using Rosette Bottle to measure chemical parameters (total dissolved solids, chlorophyll-a, alkalinity, and nutrient) and to collect plankton, microorganism and micro plastic samples. The CTD can be seen in Figure 13 below. Vertical profile of seawater has measured from ocean surface to ±1.000 meters (maximum) because the pH sensor can only measure until 1.200 meter. In some station, the CTD will deploy until 5.000 meter. CTD downcast speed is manage about 50 meter/minutes (1 meter/second) from surface to 1000 meter. The data was recorded real-time to the computer on the ship by used SEASAVE software and displayed on the computer. The vertical profile of seawater displayed in the computer was used to determined the level and depth of water sample taken by Rosette Bottle while CTD going up. The water from Rosette Bottle will has used by plankton, chemical, and microplastic team.
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CTD SBE 911+ Deck Unit of SBE 911+
Controling the SBE 911+ while deploying Real time monitoring of SBE 911 + Figure 13. The CTD SBE 911+, Main Deck Unit and Computer Unit in RV. Baruna Jaya VIII.
3.3 Chemical Vertical Profile of Seawater
Seawater from various depths were collected using Rosette Bottle SBE 32 while conduct the CTD SBE 911+ up casting activities. We have 12 bottle of SBE 32 that can collect 10 litre of seawater each bottle. While CTD in down casting activities, we determine the layer of which we want to collect the water sample. Generally, we divide the layer base on some parameters i.e. surface, chlorophyll-a maximum, thermocline and dissolved oxygen
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019 minimum, deep depth (1000 m or max depth) and several depths. Materials were used such as PE bottles sample (size = 300 mL), whattman filter 0,45 μm, 50 μm mesh, pincete, refrigerator -10 or -15°C, and other field equipments. Chemical oceanography parameters for further analysis are total suspended solid (TSS) (depth until 200 m) and nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, amonia, and silicate). For analysis TSS, 1 L were collected from rosette bottle are filtered with a 50 μm mesh and after that were filtered with 0,45 μm used a vacuum pump to accelerate the filtered process. Process Total gram filtered for TSS and nutrients will be analysis in the Chemical Laboratory, Research Center for Deep Sea-LIPI. Also insitu parameter were directly analysis during cruise was pH.
Rosette Bottle SBE 32 Alkalinity Meter
PE bottle to store the water sample Vacuum Pump to speed the process of filtering Figure 14. The Rosette Bottle System SBE 32 and other chemical equipment that used in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition.
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3.4 Microorganism 3.4.1 Microorganism Sampling in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition
Seawater from various depth were collected using rosette bottle system SBE 32. While the rosette bottle in the deck, 300 ml of seawater was stored in falcon bottle and will analyze in the lab. Two to ten liter of seawater filtered onto 0.22 μm Whatmann 47 mm filters and then stored the filters inside the falcon bottle at 4°C and -20°C.
The equipment for sampling and storing Rosette Bottle SBE 32
Vacum pump and filter Falcon Bottle Figure 15. Equipment for conduct the Microorganism Sampling in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition.
3.4.2 Microorganism Sampling in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition
Sampling Method
We collected the waters samples using a Rosette Bottle System SBE 32. Once the Rosette Bottle system was on deck, we clamped the Rosette bottles and applied compressed air to enhance filtration. We filtered 5 litre from each bottle onto 0.2 and 0.45 μm Whatmann 47 mm filters and then stored the filters at 4°C and -20°C. We targeted a combination of
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standard depth and oceanographic horizons (seasurface, O2 minimum, chlorophyll ɑ maximum, thermocline, and deep water) and analyze 2-8 sampling depth at each station from 5 to 1000 m water depth depending on location. At corer station, we collected sediment using gravity corer (up to 3 mbsf). We subsampled the sediment using sterile conical tube and stored at 4°C and -20°C.
Isolation Marine Bacteria From Sediment
We homogenized 1 g sediment sample in 9 mL sterile seawaters and made serially diluted to 10-6. Then, we spread 1 mL of 10-4 to 10-6 serially diluted onto Marine Agar (MA) medium to allow isolation bacterial strain. Colonies exhibiting different morphological aspect were picked up individually and further purified by replating on agar plate.
Figure 16. Equipment for conduct the Microorganism Sampling in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition
3.5 Plankton
Biodiversity and abundance of the plankton are studied by collecting the sample using Plankton Net (Kitahara and Norpac net) and water sample from Rosette Bottle SBE 32. Kitahara net have a circle with diameter about 30 cm with net size about 110 micron and have the function to collect Fitoplankton. Norpac net have a circle with diameter about 45 cm
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019 with net size about 330 micron and used to collect the Zooplankton. The Kitahara and Norpac net can be seen in Figure 17. The water sample from Rosette Bottle SBE 32 was filtered using 110 micron nylon filter to collected plankton sample. Samples are stored in 500 ml white plastic bottle and preserved using 4% formalin. All samples in the bottle are stored in the plastic container and sent to Center of Deep Sea Research (CDSR LIPI) for further analysis.
Kitahara Net (left) and Norpac Net (right) Rosette Bottle SBE 32
Plankton Filter for water sample from Plastic bottle to store the Plankton Sample Rosette Bottle
Figure 17. Equipment for conduct the Plankton Sampling
3.6 Larvae Sampling
Larvae sampling conducted using Bongo Net with 220 cm length, 50 cm diameter and net mesh size about 500 micron. The net is deployed to 400 meter and towing using oblique method with ship speed around 2 knot. The sampling always conduct at night. After the net in the deck, the sample are collected in the bucket and we sortir the larvae. We divide the fish larvae from other organism. The fish larvae is store in the 20 ml sample bottle and filled with etanol 98%.
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Bongo Net The Kit for Sortir Figure 18. Equipment for conduct the Larvae Sampling
3.7 Plankton Video Recorder (PVR)
Plankton Video Recorder (PVR) is platform that consist of some instruments that have function to record the high resolution of macro-organism i.e. plankton photograph. The PVR is equipped with some sensors to measure the temperature, conductivity, salinity, depth, fluorescence and dissolved oxygen. PVR were used in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition. We deployed the PVR downcasting and upcasting like CTD. The depth of deployment is up to 250 meter. The speed of deploy is manage around 50 meter / minutes.
PVR (front) PVR (beside)
Figure 19. Plankton Video Recorder
3.8 Gravity Core
Baruna Jaya VIII Gravity Corer The gravity corer used in TRIUMPH Cruise 2019, belonged to R.V Baruna Jaya VIII, was developed in house by Research Center for Oceanography – LIPI, Jakarta. The total length of the corer is 3 meters – long core barrels with circumference of 3 inches and weight load of 300 kg. The tip of the barrel was mounted by a core nose. PVC pipe was used as a liner and a core catcher was attached at the bottom part. The gravity corer is capable to retrieve sediment cores up to 300 cm long, down to a depth of 5000 mbsl. However, due to technical issue of the main winch, sampling of the sediments during Leg 2 was limited to 1000 m water depth.
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Figure 20. Gravity Core
Deployment Prior to deployment, the seafloor condition of each sites comprising bottom depth, topography and sediment compactness were monitored through Kongsberg EA 640 single beam echosounder. The gravity corer was deployed with an average speed of ±30-60 meter/minute from the surface water to 100 meters before touched the seafloor, then it was given a full speed for approximately 100 meter/minute about 100 meters before touched the seafloor. The contact with the seafloor was monitored through cable counter. Upon contact with the seafloor the position was noted before the gravity core was pulled up.
Sediment core handling After the gravity corer safely secured on deck, core nose was unscrewed and core catcher was detached from the liner tip. The sediments contained in the catcher then were collected in a plastic pot bottle. Following Schönfeld et al. (2012), core top sediments (0-1 cm) were immediately sub-sampled, collected in 200 ml plastic pot bottle and soaked with Rose Bengal solution (Fig. 2). The cores were cut into 1-meter section and labeled before stored at -7°C cold storage rooms. Due to time constrain, limited working space and insufficient lab instrument, the cores are opened and are distributed to the laboratory for further analysis.
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Figure 21. Rose Bengal solution and core top samples soaked in rose Bengal solution.
3.9 Turbulance Microstructur Profiler (TurboMAP) MSS 60
Turbulence Microstructure Profiler (TurboMAP) MSS 60 is a newly developed operational microstructure measuring system for marine turbulence measurements. TurboMAP is a free-falling profiler designed for easy, straightforward operation in open- ocean and, coastal water. The instrument is equipped with sensors for measuring velocity shear (du/dz), temperature gradient (dt/dz), temperature and salinity. Data are collected only during the downcast at a rate of 256 samples per second. They are recorded internally in non- volatile RAM. After retrieval of the instrument, the data are transferred to a PC through a wet-mating connector in the aft-ward end cap of the pressure case. The length of TurboMAP’s pressure case ensures that the low-wavenumber part of the measured turbulence spectrum is not contaminated by the instrument’s low-frequency motions.
Turbulance Microstructure Profiller MSS60 The sensors in TurboMAP MSS 60
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The Winch for MSS60 The PC (left) and Deck Unit (right) Figure 22. Turbulance Microstructure Profiler (TurboMAP) MSS 60
3.10 Expendable Conductivity Temperature and Depth (XCTD)
The Expendable Conductivity Temperature and Depth (XCTD) profiling systems allow the collection of highly accurate oceanographic data from moving platforms. The XCTD consist of the probe and the gun to deploy. The gun also have function as the connector to the PC which will record the data in real time mode.
The cable and probe of XCTD The Gun to deploy the XCTD Figure 23. Expendable Conductivity Temperature and Depth (XCTD)
3.11 Pro Oceanus pCO2
The Pro Oceanus pCO2 (partial pressure of CO2) is an instrument that can measure the partial pressure of CO2 gas in the seawater. The pCO2 value will give information about the CO2 condition in specific area and time. While we have the information about the pCO2 in atmosphere from the land station, we can determine the condition of the ocean as the sink or the source of CO2 gas. This information is important for climate study. The pCO2 sensor was placed on board the ship which the seawater would be flowed through it using pipe series and a pump. The data recorded were the date of measurement, time, pCO2 values (in ppmV), and Total Dissolved Gas Pressure (TDGP, unit in mBar). The pCO2 measurements data then
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019 coupled with ship GPS data in order to identify its coordinates. The data then processed using
Ms.Excel and then plotted using “Ocean Data View” program. The component of pCO2 measurements is consisted of two parts: the sensor and display unit. The sensor that was used is Pro-Oceanus, and its function is to measure the pCO2’s value of waters.
Pipe Pipe Sea Pump (In) Sensor (out) Sea
The scheme of pCO2 mesurement
The ProOceanus pCO2 probe and pipe The Recorder of pCO2
Figure 24. Pro Oceanus pCO2 Probe, water flow system with the pipe and the recorder.
3.12 Weather Station
During the expedition, we measure the weather condition using the Weather Station Gill Instrument. The parameter measured are air temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction and rainfall. The weather station are setting to record every 1 seconds.
3.13 Underway Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP)
Beside the weather condition, another instrument that measure in underway mode is Acoustic Doppler Current Profiller (ADCP) to measure the ocean current condition. We used the ADCP 75 Khz Ocean Surveyor. The setup type is in high resolution with short range profile (broadband). The ocean current data are combine with position that supplied by NAVIPAC Software.
3.14 Total Aerosol Measurement
Aerosol technically refer to solid particles in the air (also called ash or particulates) or liquid droplets. The term aerosol comes from the fact that the material that “hovers” in air is suspension ( a mixture in which solid, liquid, or a combination of both particles are
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019 suspended in a liquid). Aerosol observation an hour everyday from 06.00 am to 05.00 pm from 19 November until 2 December 2019 for Leg 1 in Indian Ocean (from Sunda Strait to Bali Strait) and 5 December until 23 December 2019 fro Leg 2 in Bali Strait, Lombok Strait, Alas Strait to Makassar Strait. Aerosol observation usually measure in land area, in this cruise tried measure on abroad. Instrument to measure aerosol is microtops II Ozone Monitor-Sunphotometer. Procedure using microtops II Ozone Monitor-Sunphotometer are power on GPSmap 60CSx find the location longitude and latitude if it was found and then power on this instrument wait this dispaly RDY Manual ID = date and time after that finding position of the sun must be right Sun Target (sunshine no cloudy and rain) next push the button SCAN/ESCAPE 5 times and the display shows scan number for example 1-5 (for find average).
GPS Microtops II Ozone Monitor-Sunphotometers Figure 25. The Intrument to Measure the Total Aerosol in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition
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4. TRIUMPH 2019 DOCUMENTATION AND LOG 4.1 Preparation
The preparations were held from November 11 to 17 2019. All mooring instruments from Cibinong Warehouse were checked and loaded to the truck and send to the Muara Baru port beside RV. Baruna jaya VIII ship on November 12 2019. All instruments were loaded to the ship directly. From November 12 to 17, mooring team was prepared the instruments and method to conduct the Expedition (see Figure 26). The meteorological sensors and telemetry system were attached to Bailong Buoy Tower and have run some test to check the connection. In the same time, other members were arranged the mooring rope in the main deck of the ship and simulate the mooring deployment scheme to prepare some additional tools if needed. After some days of preparations, on November 18, the Bailong Buoy and other instruments has ready and we set sail on November 19 2019.
Instrument Checked in Cibinong Warehouse Loading the instruments to Truck
Loading the Instrument to the Ship Arrange the instrument on Ship Deck
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Preparation of Bailong Buoy Preparation of Sensors
Preparation of the Rope and Sensors Preparation Meeting Figure 26. TRIUMPH 2018 Leg 1 Expedition Preparation From November 11 to 17 2019.
4.2 Mooring Deployment and Recovery Report
There are 1 (one) surface mooring, 6 (six) sub-surface mooring and 3 (three) bottom mooring have deployed. One surface mooring was deployed in Indian Ocean outside the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The mooring is a part of RAMA Mooring Formation that exists in South Eastern Tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) area. For sub-surface mooring, two sub-surface mooring were deployed in the Indian Ocean (South of Java Waters), two in North of Lombok Strait and two in North of Makassar Strait. In the Indian Ocean, one sub-surface mooring has deployed in South of West Java Province (JUVO1 2019) and the second has deployed in South of East Java Province (JUVO2 2019). In the North of Lombok Strait, we deployed 2 (two) mooring in parallel position, Mooring L1 near the Bali Island and Mooring L2 is near the Lombok Island. The mooring in North of Makassar Strait also deployed in parallel where the Mooring M1 deployed near the Kalimantan Island and Mooring M2 deployed near the Sulawesi Island. Otherwise for bottom mooring, we have deployed 3 bottom mooring in Bali Strait, Alas Strait and Badung Strait. For recovery, we have success to recover 1 (one) surface mooring (RAMA Mooring) and 2 sub-surface mooring (JUVO1 and JUVO2 Mooring). Almost all the instrument and sensors can be recovered. Bailong buoy in RAMA 2018 mooring and 4 (four) ADCP were missing due to
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019 the vandalism. Detail information for mooring deployment/recover can be seen in Table 6 to Table 10 and Figure 27 to Figure 31.
Table 6. Mooring Deployment and Recovery Status During TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition. No Outline Status Deployment of the RAMA 2019 surface mooring at 8o 3.851’ S and Success 99o 56.998’ E in the eastern Indian Ocean. 1. Recovery of the RAMA 2018 surface mooring at 7o 59.984’ S and Success 99o 53.578’ E in the Eastern Indian Ocean. Deployment of the JUVO 1 2019 sub-surface mooring at 8o 35.036’ Success S and 106o 46.138’ E at the southern of Java Island. 2 Recovery of the JUVO 1 2018 sub-surface mooring at 8.591oS and Success 106.773oE at the southern of Java Island. Deployment of the JUVO 2 2019 sub-surface mooring at 8o 53.759’ Success S and 113o 58.453 E at the southern of Java Island. 3 Recover y of the JUVO 2 2018 sub-surface mooring at 8.099oS and Success 113.867oE at the southern of Java Island. Recover TRBM at 8.099oS and 114.425oE in Bali Strait. Failed 4 Deployment TRBM Bali 2019 at 80 6.581’ S and 1140 25.288’ E in Success Bali Strait. Deployment of TRBM Alas 2019 at 80 52.211’ S and 1160 40.254’ 5 Success E in Alas Strait. Deployment of TRBM Badung 2019 at 80 41.902’ S and 1150 6 Success 18.455’ E in Badung Strait. Deployment of the Mooring L1 at 80 24.331’ S and 1150 47.967’ E 7 Success in West side of Lombok Strait. Deployment of the Mooring L2 at 80 24.816' S and 1150 53.366' E 8 Success in East side of Lombok Strait. Deployment of the Mooring M2 at 00 47.522’ N and 1190 44.876’ 9 Success E in East side of Northern Makassar Strait. Deployment of the Mooring M1 at 00 57.328’ N and 1190 16.132’ 10 Success E in West side of Northern Makassar Strait.
Table 7. Detail Position of Mooring Which Deployed in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition Position Depth No Mooring Date Status Latitude Longitude (m) (N) (E) Deployment -8 4.001 99 57.254 1. RAMA2019 11/24/19 5593 Triangulation -8 3.851 99 56.998 E 2. JUVO 1 2019 11/27/19 Deployment -8 35.218 106 46.567 1975
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Position Depth No Mooring Date Status Latitude Longitude (m) (N) (E) Triangulation -8 35.036 106 46.138 Deployment -8 6.235 114 25.424 3. TRBM Bali 2018 12/1/19 110 Triangulation -8 5.992 114 25.514 Deployment -8 6.666 114 25.118 4. TRBM Bali 2019 12/5/19 68 Triangulation -8 6.581 114 25.288 Deployment -8 53.856 113 58.547 5. JUVO 2 2019 12/6/19 1786 Triangulation -8 53.759 113 58.453 Deployment -8 52.216 116 40.254 6. TRBM Alas 2019 12/8/19 119 Triangulation -8 52.211 116 40.254 TRBM Badung Deployment -8 41.891 115 18.410 7. 12/9/19 60 2019 Triangulation -8 41.902 115 18.455 Deployment -8 24.243 115 47.946 8. Lombok L1 2019 12/9/19 Triangulation -8 24.331 115 47.967 1269 Deployment -8 24.796 115 53.339 9. Lombok L2 2019 12/10/19 Triangulation -8 24.816 115 53.366 1121 Deployment 0 47.739 119 44.915 10. Makassar M2 2019 12/15/19 Triangulation 0 47.522 119 44.876 3079 Deployment 0 57.454 119 16.161 11. Makassar M1 2019 12/16/19 Triangulation 0 57.328 119 16.132 3258
Deployment of Bailong Buoy (RAMA 2019 Deploy The Instruments for RAMA 2019 Mooring) Mooring
Deploy the rope for RAMA 2019 Mooring Preparation of the sensors before
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deployment.
Deployment of Glass Sphere Deployment of the Anchor Figure 27. RAMA 2019 Mooring Deployment in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition
Recovery of RAMA 2018 Mooring Recovery of the Glass Sphere
The wire rope and sensors are wrinkle due Recovery the wire rope and sensors to Fishermen Long Line
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Recovery the remaining part of the RAMA Analyse the cause of wrinkle and Bailong 2018 Mooring Buoy Missing. Figure 28. RAMA 2018 Mooring Recovery in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition
Preparation of Sub-Surface Mooring one Deployment of first Main Floatation of Sub- day before deployment Surface Mooring
Deployment of second Main Floatation of Deployment of Parflux Sediment Trap in Sub-Surface Mooring Sub-Surface Mooring System
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Deployment Glass Sphere, Acoustic Deployment the rope and the sensors Release and Anchor Figure 29. Sub-Surface Mooring Deployment Documentation in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition
Recovery the pop up part of the Sub-Surface Recovery the Main Floatation from the Mooring using rubber boat. ocean to the Ship Deck.
Recovery the sensors that attached in the Recovery the sensors that attached in the Rope Rope
Recovery the remaining rope Recovery the Glass Sphere Figure 30. Sub-Surface Mooring Recovery in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition.
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TRBM China Model TRBM Italy Model
Deployment of the TRBM Deployment the tail rope of TRBM Figure 31. Deployment of TRBM (Bottom Mooring) in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition.
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Table 8. The Sensors in RAMA 2018 Surface Mooring After Recovery in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition and The Status. Instrument Depth Status Description Information T SBE 39plus IM - OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03907972 Start Date : Sep 27 2018 End Date : Nov 26, 2019 Total Data : 61169 data Parameters : Temperature Quality : Good T SBE 39plus IM - OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03907973 Start Date : Sep 27 2018 End Date : Nov 26, 2019 Total Data : 61168 data Parameters : Temperature Quality : Good CTD SBE 37 IM 19.89 meter OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03714943 Start Date : Sep 27, 2018 End Date : Nov 26, 2019 Total Data : 61179 data Parameters : Temperature, Conductivity and Depth. Quality : Good CTD SBE 37 IM 39.76 meter OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03714882 Start Date : Sep 27, 2018 End Date : Nov 26, 2019 Total Data : 61176 data Parameters : Temperature and Conductivity. Quality : Good Page 54
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CTD SBE 37 IM 59.65 meter OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03714883 Start Date : Sep 27, 2018 End Date : Nov 26, 2019 Total Data : 61179 data Parameters : Temperature, Conductivity and Depth. Quality : Good CTD SBE 37 IM 79.53 meter OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03714884 Start Date : Sep 27, 2018 End Date : Nov 26, 2019 Total Data : 61175 data Parameters : Temperature, Conductivity and Depth. Quality : Good CTD SBE 37 IMP ODO 99.42 meter OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03714870 Start Date : Sep 27, 2018 End Date : Sep 30, 2019 Total Data : 52965 data Parameters : Temperature, Conductivity, Oxygen and Depth. Quality : Good T SBE 39plus IM 119.35 meter OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03907960 Start Date : Sep 27 2018 End Date : Nov 26, 2019 Total Data : 61167 data Parameters : Depth and temperature Quality : Good
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T SBE 39plus IM 199.35 meter OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03907961 Start Date : Sep 27 2018 End Date : Nov 26, 2019 Total Data : 61167 data Parameters : Depth and temperature Quality : Good CTD SBE 37 IMP ODO 298.13 meter OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03713926 Start Date : Sep 27, 2018 End Date : Jan 16, 2019 Total Data : 15763 data Parameters : Temperature, Conductivity Oxygen and Depth. Quality : Good T SBE 39plus IM 675.35 meter OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03907962 Start Date : Sep 27 2018 End Date : Nov 26, 2019 Total Data : 61169 data Parameters : Depth and temperature Quality : Good CTD SBE 37 IMP ODO 5571.8 meter OK Data Interval : 300 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03712380 Start Date : Sep 27, 2018 End Date : Nov 15, 2018 Total Data : 13766 data Parameters : Temperature, Conductivity Oxygen and Depth. Quality : Good
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Table 9. The Sensors in JUVO1 2018 Sub-Surface Mooring After Recovery in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition and The Status. Instrument Depth Status Description Information ADCP RDI Teledyne 150 Khz 213 meter OK Number of Bin : 37 ADCP Upward First Bin Range : 16.01 meter Send back to Qingdao Bin Size : 8 meter Data Interval : 90 minutes Ensemble Number : 10.007 First Ensemble Date : Oct 6, 2018 End Ensemble Date : Nov 27, 2019 Parameter : eastward current (u), northward current (v), vertical current (w), depth and temperature Quality : Good ADCP RDI Teledyne 75 Khz 217 meter OK Number of Bin : 37 ADCP Downward First Bin Range : 24.98 meter Re-Deploy in New JUVO 2 Bin Size : 16 meter Mooring Data Interval : 90 minutes Ensemble Number : 9.529 First Ensemble Date : Oct 6, 2018 End Ensemble Date : Nov 7, 2019 Parameter : eastward current (u), northward current (v), vertical current (w), depth and temperature Quality : Goof RBR Solo DO - OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 079533 Start Date : Oct 6, 2018 End Date : Nov 28, 2019 Page 57
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Total Data : 60192 data Parameters : Oxygen Saturation and Dissolve Oxygen Concentration. Quality : Good T SBE 39plus IM 979 meter OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03908491 Start Date : Oct 6 2018 End Date : Nov 27, 2019 Total Data : 60043 data Parameters : Depth and temperature Quality : Good CTD SBE 37 IM - OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03716249 Start Date : Oct 6 2018 End Date : Nov 28 2019 Total Data : 60190 data Parameters : Temperature and Conductivity. Quality : Good CTD SBE-37 SM RS232 1478 meter OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03711188 Start Date : Oct 6 2018 End Date : Nov 28 2019 Total Data : 60189 data Parameters : Temperature, Conductivity, and Depth. Quality : Good CTD SBE 37 IMP – ODO 1986 meter OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03712383 Start Date : Oct 6 2018 End Date : Jan 1 2019 Total Data : 12506 data
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Parameters : Temperature, Conductivity, Depth, and Oxygen Quality : Good
Table 10. The Sensors in JUVO2 2018 Sub-Surface Mooring After Recovery in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition and The Status. Instrument Depth Status Description Information ADCP RDI Teledyne 75 Khz 502 meter OK Number of Bin : 37 ADCP Upward First Bin Range : 24.99 meter Bin Size : 16 meter Data Interval : 90 minutes Ensemble Number : 7431 First Ensemble Date : Oct 9, 2018 End Ensemble Date : Aug 15, 2019 Parameter : eastward current (u), northward current (v), vertical current (w), depth and temperature Quality : Good ADCP RDI Teledyne 150 Khz 506 meter OK Number of Bin : 37 ADCP Downward First Bin Range : 15.97 meter Bin Size : 8 meter Data Interval : 90 minutes Ensemble Number : 10009 First Ensemble Date : Oct 9, 2018 End Ensemble Date : Nov 30, 2019 Parameter : eastward current (u), northward current (v), vertical current (w), depth and
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temperature Quality : Goof CTD SBE 39plus IM 554 meter OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03908492 Start Date : Oct 9, 2018 End Date : Nov 30, 2019 Total Data : 60242 data Parameters : Temperature and Depth Quality : Good CTD SBE 37 IM - OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03716250 Start Date : Oct 8, 2018 End Date : Nov 30, 2019 Total Data : 60245 data Parameters : Temperature and Conductivity. Quality : Good CTD SBE 37 SM RS232 1035 meter OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03711148 Start Date : Oct 8, 2018 End Date : Nov 30, 2019 Total Data : 60251 data Parameters : Temperature, Conductivity and Depth. Quality : Good CTD SBE 37 SM RS232 1165 meter OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside S/N : 03711186 Start Date : Oct 8, 2018 End Date : Nov 30, 2019 Total Data : 60245 data Parameters : Temperature, Conductivity and Depth.
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Quality : Good CTD SBE 37 SMP ODO 2176 meter OK Data Interval : 600 seconds Battery Outside RS232 Start Date : Oct 8, 2018 S/N : 03716120 End Date : Nov 30, 2019 Total Data : 60248 data Parameters : Temperature, Conductivity, Depth and Oxygen. Quality : Good
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4.3 CTD And Rosette Bottle Casting Report
We have conducted CTD casting and collected water sample using Rosette Bottle. The CTD can measured 9 Parameters i.e. temperature, salinity, sigma-t, conductivity, sound velocity, dissolved oxygen, pH, fluorescence, and beam transmission. The water sample from Rosette Bottle will be analyzed for plankton, microplastic, nutrient, alkalinity, total dissolved solids (TSS), chlorophyll-a and microplastic. Details information of CTD and Rosette Bottle Casting and activity documentation can be seen in Figure 32 and Table 11.
CTD and Rosette Bottle Real Time CTD and Rosette Bottle Deployment Monitoring
Collecting Water Sample from Rosette Collecting water sample for biology, Bottle chemical and micro-plastic sample.
Filtering the water sample Storing the sample Figure 32. CTD and Rosette Bottle Casting and Water Sample Collecting Activity in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition.
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Table 11. Details Information of CTD and Rosette Bottle Casting in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 0 1 CTD 73 -5° 57.1987 103° 47.6899' 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 99 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 90 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 19/11/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 16:43 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 16:48 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = - 7. pH 8. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 9. Beam Transmission [%] 10. Chlorophyll-a N = 4 layers 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) L HL = 5, 25, 50, 90 1. Nutrient NL = 4 layers 2. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) HL = 5, 25, 50, 90 3. pH N = 3 layers 1. Cocolith L HL = 5, 50, 90 0 2 CTD 74 -6° 07.7233 105° 31.4993' 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 54 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 40 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 19/11/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 12:08 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 12:10 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = - 7. pH 8. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 9. Beam Transmission [%] 10. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) NL = 4 layers Page 63
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude HL = 5, 25, 33,40 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 3 layers 2. Nutrient HL = 5, 25,40 3. pH N = 2 layers 1. Cocolith L HL = 5,40 0 3 CTD 75 -6° 16.0528 105° 16.1968' 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 150 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 130 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 19/11/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 14:24 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 30 m 7. pH 8. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 9. Beam Transmission [%] 10. Chlorophyll-a NL = 6 layers 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) HL = 5, 30 (Chl max, 50,75, 100, 130) N = 5 layers 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) L H = 5, 30 (Chl max, 50,75, 100, 2. Nutrient L 130 N = 3 layers 1. Cocolith L HL = 5, 50,100 0 4 CTD 01 -6° 27.2937' 104° 53.672' 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 1766 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 19/11/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 17:37 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 18:04 (UTC)
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 5 m 7. pH 8. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 9. Beam Transmission [%] 10. Chlorophyll-a NL = 6 layers 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) HL = 5 (Chl max),40 (DO min), 100,300,500,1000 N = 9 layers 1. Nutrient L H = 5 (Chl max),15,40 (DO min), 2. pH L 75,100,200,500,750,1000 NL = 6 layers 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) HL = 5 (Chl max),15,40 (DO min), 75,100,200 N = 4 layers 1. Cocolith L HL = 5,40,100,200 NL = 3 layers 1. Bacteria HL = 15 (Upper Thermocline), 200 (Bottom Thermocline), 1000 0 5 CTD 02 -6° 45.1733' 104° 04.5497' 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 1940 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 20/11/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 01:27 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 01:49 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 20 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) NL = 7 layers
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude HL = 5, 20 (chl max), 40 (thermocline), 120 (DO min), 300, 500, 1000 NL = 12 layers 1. Nutrient HL = 5, 20 (chl max), 40 2. pH (thermocline), 50, 75, 100,120 (DO min),200, 300, 500, 750,1000 NL = 8 layers 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) HL = 5, 20 (chl max), 40 (thermocline), 50, 75, 100,120 (DO min),200 N = 5 layers 1. Cocolith L HL = 5, 50,100, 120, 200 0 6 CTD 03 -7° 01.1725' 103° 19.4348' 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 2630 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 20/11/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 08:27 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 08:49 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 20 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] Sensor PH error 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a NL = 7 layers H = 5, 20 (chl max), 60 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) L (thermocline), 100 (DO min), 300, 500, 1000 N = 12 layers 1. Nutrient L H = 5, 20, 25,50,60,75, 100, 200, 2. pH L 300, 500, 750, 1000
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 8 layers HL = 5, 20, 25,50,60,75, 100, 200 N = 4 layers 1. Cocolith L HL = 5, 50,100, 200 0 7 CTD 04 -7° 22.5512' 102° 15.0772' 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 5740 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 4000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 21/11/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 18:02 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 19:32 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 20 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a NL = 9 layers H = 5, 20 (chl max), 50 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) L (thermocline), 100 (DO min), 200, 500, 1000, 2000,4000 NL = 9 layers 1. Nutrient HL = 5, 20 (chl max), 50 2. pH (thermocline), 100 (DO min), 200, 500, 1000, 2000,4000 NL = 5 layers 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) HL = 5, 20 (chl max), 50 (thermocline), 100 (DO min), 200 N = 4 layers 1. Cocolith L HL = 5, 50,100, 200 0 8 CTD 05 -7° 34.9201' 101° 15.3526' 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 5460 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 21/11/19
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 04:55 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 05:17 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 35 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a NL = 7 layers 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) HL = 5, 35 (chl max), 60 (DO min), 75 (thermocline), 300, 500, 1000. NL = 12 layers 1. Nutrient HL = 5, 35 (chl max), 50, 60 (DO 2. pH min), 75 (thermocline), 100,150,200, 300, 500,750, 1000. NL = 8 layers 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) HL = 5, 35 (chl max), 50, 60 (DO min), 75 (thermocline), 100,150,200 N = 5 layers 1. Cocolith L HL = 5, 50,100, 150, 200 0 9 CTD 06 -7° 59.9844' 99° 53.5780' 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 5460 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 3000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 22/11/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 18:04 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 19:28 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 40 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a N = 8 layers 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) L HL = 5, 40 (chl max), 75
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude (thermocline), 200, 300, 1000, 2000, 3000 NL = 9 layers 1. Nutrient HL = 5, 40 (chl max), 75 2. pH (thermocline), 100, 200 (DO min), 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 N = 5 layers 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) L H = 5, 40 (chl max), 75 L (thermocline), 100, 200 (DO min), N = 5 layers 1. Cocolith L HL = 5, 50,100, 150, 200 N = 1 layers 1. Bacteria L HL = 3000 0 10 CTD 09 -8° 34.9791' 106° 45.4225' 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 2022 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 27/11/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 06:14 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 06:43 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 45 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a NL = 7 layers H = 5, 45 (chl max), 90 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) L (thermocline), 250 (DO min), 300, 500,1000 N = 12 layers 1. Nutrient L H = 5, 45 (chl max), 50, 75, 90 2. pH L (thermocline), 100, 200, 250 (DO
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude min), 300, 500, 750, 1000 N = 7 layers 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) L H = 5, 45 (chl max), 50, 75, 90 L (thermocline), 100, 200, N = 4 layers 1. Cocolith L HL = 5, 50,100, 200 0 11 CTD 10 -8° 20.6042' 107° 14.2078' 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 3379 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 27/11/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 15:31 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 40 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a NL = 7 layers H = 5, 40 (chl max), 80 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) L (thermocline), 200 (DO min), 300, 500,1000 NL = 10 layers 1. Nutrient HL = 5, 25, 40 (chl max), 80 2. pH (thermocline), 200 (DO min), 300, 500, 750, 1000 N = 10 layers 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) L H = 5, 25, 40 (chl max), 80 L (thermocline), 200 (DO min) N = 3 layers 1. Cocolith L HL = 5, 100, 200 1. Bacteria NL = 3 layers
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude HL = 80 (Upper thermocline), 180 (Bottom Thermocline), 1000 0 12 CTD 11 -8° 08.8126' 107° 37.0605' 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 4386 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 28/11/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 20:22 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 20:47 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 30 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a NL = 7 layers H = 5, 30 (chl max), 100 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) L (thermocline), 160 (DO min), 300, 500,1000 NL = 11 layers 1. Nutrient HL = 5, 30 (chl max), 50, 75, 100 2. pH (thermocline), 160 (DO min), 200, 300, 500, 750, 1000 N = 7 layers 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) L H = 5, 30 (chl max), 50, 75, 100 L (thermocline), 160 (DO min), 200 N = 3 layers 1. Cocolith L HL = 5, 100, 200 0 13 CTD Gravity -8° 01.0494' 107° 58.4210' 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 1078 m Core Java 2/ 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 CTD 12 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 28/11/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 00:33 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 00:56 (UTC)
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 40 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a NL = 7 layers 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) HL = 5, 25, 40 (chl max), 180 (DO min), 300, 750,1000 NL = 11 layers H = 5, 40 (chl max/Upper 1. Nutrient L Thermocline, 100, 180 (DO min), 2. pH 220 (Bottom Thermocline), 250, 300, 500, 750, 1000 NL = 7 layers 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) HL = 5, 25, 40 (chl max/Upper Thermocline), 100, 180 (DO min), 220 (Bottom Thermocline), 250. NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 40 (chl max/Upper 1. Cocolith Thermocline), 100, 180 (DO min), 220 (Bottom Thermocline), 250, 300, 500, 750, 1000 0 14 CTD 13 -8° 31.1347' 109° 55.1553' 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 1527 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 29/11/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 18:42 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 19:08 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 25 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%]
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 9. Chlorophyll-a NL = 8 layers H = 5, 25 (chl max), 150 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) L Thermocline), 300, 450 (DO min), 500, 750,1000 NL = 10 layers 1. Nutrient HL = 5, 25 (chl max), 50 (Upper 2. pH Thermocline), 100, 150 200, 450 (DO min), 500, 750, 1000 NL = 7 layers 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) HL = 5, 25 (chl max), 50 (Upper Thermocline), 100, 150 200, 450 (DO min) NL = 5 layers H = 5, 50 (chl max/Upper 1. Cocolith L Thermocline), 100, 150 (Thermocline), 200 NL = 3 layers 1. Bacteria HL = 50 (Upper Thermocline), 900 (Bottom Thermocline), 1000 0 15 Gravity core -8° 54.4538' 114° 11.7732' 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 1607 m Java 4 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 30/11/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 11:13 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 11:38 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 38 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) NL = 11 layers 1. Nutrient HL = 5, 25, 38 (chl max), 50 (Upper 2. pH Thermocline), 75, 100, 150 200, 450 (DO min), 500, 750, 1000 N = 8 layers 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) L H = 5, 25, 38 (chl max), 50 (Upper L Thermocline), 75, 100, 150 200 NL = 5 layers H = 5, 38 (chl max), 50 (Upper 1. Cocolith L Thermocline), 100, 150 (DO min), 200 (Bottom Thermocline) NL = 3 layers 1. Bacteria HL = 50 (Upper Thermocline), 200 (Bottom Thermocline), 1000 0 16 CTD 22 -8° 57.7599' 114° 40.7172' 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 1527 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =01/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 17:51 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 18:17 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 45 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton NL = 11 layers 1. Nutrient HL = 5, 25, 45 (chl max), 75 (Upper 2. pH Thermocline), 100, 150 (DO min), 200, 400 (Bottom Thermocline),
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 500, 750, 1000 NL = 7 layers 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) HL = 5, 25, 45 (chl max), 75 (Upper Thermocline), 100, 150 (DO min), 200 NL = 5 layers 1. Cocolith HL = 5, 45 (chl max), 100, 150 (DO min), 400 (Bottom Thermocline) NL = 3 layers 1. Bacteria HL = 75 (Upper Thermocline), 400 (Bottom Thermocline), 1000 0 17 CTD 25 -9° 05.3691’ 114° 53.6979’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 3070 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 06/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 09:18 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 09:42 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 25 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) NL = 6 layers HL = 5, 25, 80,120,500,1000 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 8 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 25, 80, 100,120,200,500,1000 1. TSS NL = 6 layers HL = 5, 25, 80, 100,120,200 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 6 layers HL = 5, 25,80,120,100,200
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 2. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 25,120,100,200 1. Bacteria NL = 4 layers HL = 5 (surface), 80 (DO min), 120 (thermocline), 1000 0 18 CTD 26 -9° 16.7613’ 115° 14.1210’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 2900 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 06/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 13:33 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 14:03 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 16 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 8 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 16 (Chl max), 75, 100,200 (thermocline), 350 (DO max), 500,1000 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 16,75,100,200 1. Microplastic NL = 8 layers HL = 5, 16 (Chl max), 75, 100,200 (thermocline), 350 (DO max), 500,1000 0 19 CTD 27 -9° 28.6506’ 115° 35.3547’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax =3373 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 3000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 07/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 21:32 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 22:39 (UTC)
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 25 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) NL = 7 layers HL = 5, 25 (Chl max),150, 230, 500, 1000, 3000 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 8 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 25 (Chl max), 100, 150 (Thermocline), 230 (DO min), 500, 1000, 3000. 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 25 (Chl max), 100, 150 (Thermocline), 230 (DO min), 1. Cocolith NL = 1 layers HL = 100 1. Bacteria NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 150 (Thermocline), 230 (DO min), 1000, 3000 0 20 CTD 28 -9° 19.6740’ 116° 3.0584’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 2857 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 07/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 07:00 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 07:25 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 35 m 7. pH 8. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 9. Beam Transmission [%] 10. Chlorophyll-a
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 7 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 35,100,150,230,500, 1000,3000
1. Cocolith NL = 4 layers HL = 5,40,100,200 1. Microplastic NL = 7 layers HL = 5, 35,100,150, 230,500, 1000,3000 0 21 CTD 29 -9° 09.9995’ 116° 23.8031’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 1947 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 07/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 13:04 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 13:30 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 20 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) NL = 9 layers HL = 5, 20 (Chl max), 50, 100, 130 (Thermocline), 200, 330 (DO min),500,1000 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 12 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 20 (Chl max), 50, 75, 100, 130 (Thermocline), 200, 300, 330 (DO min),500, 750,1000 1. TSS NL = 7 layers HL = 5, 20 (Chl max), 50, 75, 100, 130 (Thermocline), 200
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 1. Cocolith NL = 7 layers HL = 5, 20 (Chl max), 50, 75, 100, 130 (Thermocline), 200 0 22 CTD 30 -8° 52.2635’ 116° 40.1092’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 122 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 100 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 18/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 01:45 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 01:54 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 20 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 20 (Chl max), 60, 75, 100. 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 6 layers 2. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) HL = 5, 20 (Chl max), 50, 60, 75, 3. pH 100. 1. Cocolith NL = 6 layers HL = 5, 20 (Chl max), 50, 60, 75, 100. 1. Bacteria NL = 2 layers HL = 5, 330 (DO min) 1. Microplastic NL = 6 layers HL = 5, 20 (Chl max), 50, 60, 75, 100. 0 23 CTD 31 -9° 0.7784’ 116° 24.9719’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 176 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 150 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 08/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 04:51 (UTC)
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 04:57 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 28 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 28 (Chl max), 50 (Thermocline), 120 (DO min), 150. 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 5 layers 2. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) HL = 5, 28 (Chl max), 50 3. pH (Thermocline), 120 (DO min), 150. 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 28 (Chl max), 50 (Thermocline), 120 (DO min), 150. 1. Bacteria NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 28 (Chl max), 50 (Thermocline), 120 (DO min), 150. 1. Microplastic NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 28 (Chl max), 50 (Thermocline), 120 (DO min), 150. 0 24 CTD 32 -9° 60.6977’ 116° 04.6010’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 773 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 600 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 08/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 08:34 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 08:48 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 50 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 1. Microplastic NL = 12 layers HL = 5, 25, 50 (chl max), 75, 100, 150, 200 (thermocline), 250, 300,400 (DO min), 500, 600. 0 25 CTD 33 -9° 03.2601’ 115° 36.9919’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 1377 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 08/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 13:18 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 13:50 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 42 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) NL = 8 layers HL = 5, 42 (chl max), 100, 130 (thermocline), 150 (DO min), 200, 500, 1000 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 8 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 42 (chl max), 100, 130 (thermocline), 150 (DO min), 200, 500, 1000 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 42 (chl max), 100, 130 (thermocline), 150 (DO min), 200 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 42 (chl max), 100, 130 (thermocline), 150 (DO min), 200 1. Bacteria NL = 4 layers HL = = 5, 130 (thermocline), 150 Page 81
Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude (DO min),1000. 0 26 CTD 36 -8° 38.3168’ 115° 39.3053’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 475 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 450 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 09/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 21:10 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 21:27 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 32 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 6 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 32 (chl max), 75 (thermocline), 100, 270 (DO min), 450 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 32 (chl max), 75 (thermocline), 100, 270 (DO min) 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 32 (chl max), 75 (thermocline), 100, 270 (DO min), 1. Bacteria NL = 3 layers HL = 5, 270 (DO min), 450 1. Microplastic NL = 8 layers HL = 5, 32 (chl max), 50, 75 (thermocline), 100, 200, 270 (DO min), 450 0 27 CTD 38 -8° 25.2603’ 115° 57.5621’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 1117 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 10/12/19
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 23:04 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 23:30 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 50 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 7 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 50 (chl max), 100 200, (thermocline), 400 (DO min), 500, 1000 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 50 (chl max), 100 200, (thermocline) 1. Cocolith NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 50 (chl max), 100 200, (thermocline) 1. Bacteria NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 200 (thermocline), 400 (DO min), 1000 1. Microplastic NL = 7 layers HL = 5, 50 (chl max), 100 200, (thermocline), 400 (DO min), 500, 1000 0 28 CTD 39 -8° 00.0054’ 116° 00.423’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 1445 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 10/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 06:53 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 07:15 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 40 m
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) NL = 8 layers HL = 5, 40 (chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 200, 400 (DO min), 500, 1000 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 8 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 40 (chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 200, 400 (DO min), 500, 1000 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 40 (chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 200 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 40 (chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 200 1. Microplastic NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 40 (chl max), 150 (thermocline), 400 (DO min) 0 29 CTD 40 -7° 31.0217’ 116° 11.3574’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 627 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 600 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 10/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 11:42 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = - (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 55 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 7 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 55 (chl max), 100, 200 (thermocline), 400 (DO min), 500, 600 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 55 (chl max), 100, 200 (thermocline) 1. Cocolith NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 55 (chl max), 100, 200 (thermocline) 1. Bacteria NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 200 (thermocline), 400 (DO min), 600. 1. Microplastic NL = 7 layers HL = 5, 55 (chl max), 100, 200 (thermocline), 400 (DO min), 500, 600 0 30 CTD 41 -6° 59.9964’ 116° 22.0834’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 302 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 250 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 10/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 16:43 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 16:53 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 75 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton (Rosette Bottle) NL = 7 layers HL = 5, 50,75 (chl maks), 100 (DO min), 125 (Thermocline), 200, 250
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 7 layers 2. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) HL = 5, 50,75 (chl maks), 100 (DO 3. pH min), 125 (Thermocline), 200, 250 1. Cocolith NL = 7 layers HL = 5, 50,75 (chl maks), 100 (DO min), 125 (Thermocline), 200, 250 0 31 CTD 42 -6° 31.1136’ 116° 37.0495’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 439 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 400 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] = 11/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 21:30 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 21:41 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 50 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 8 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 50 (chl max), 100 (thermocline), 150, 200, 250, 300, 400 (DO min) 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 6 layers HL = 5, 50 (chl max), 100 (thermocline), 150, 200, 250, 300 1. Cocolith 6 layers HL = 5, 50 (chl max), 100 (thermocline), 150, 200, 250, 300 1. Bacteria NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 100 (thermocline), DO min, 400. 1. Microplastic NL = 8 layers
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude HL = 5, 50 (chl max), 100 (thermocline), 150, 200, 250, 300, 400 (DO min) 0 32 CTD 43 -5° 59.9816’ 116° 49.9325’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 645 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 600 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =11/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 02:46 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 03:00 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 55 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton NL = 7 layers HL = 5, 55 (chl maks), 100, 120 (Thermocline), 200, 400 (DO min), 600 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 7 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 55 (chl maks), 100, 120 (Thermocline), 200, 400 (DO min), 600 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 55 (chl maks), 100, 120 (Thermocline), 200 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 55 (chl maks), 100, 120 (Thermocline), 200 0 33 CTD 44 -5° 29.2714’ 117° 03.8329’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 639 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 600 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =11/12/19
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Transport Indonesian Seas, Upwelling and Mixing Physics (TRIUMPH) 2019
Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 08:29 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 08:39 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 40 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 7 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 40 (chl maks), 100 (Thermocline), 150, 200, 500 (DO min), 600. 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 6 layers HL = 5, 40 (chl maks), 100 (Thermocline), 150, 200, 500, 600 1. Cocolith NL = 6 layers HL = 5, 40 (chl maks), 100 (Thermocline), 150, 200, 500, 600 1. Bacteria NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 40 (chl maks), 100 (Thermocline), 500 (DO min), 600 1. Microplastic NL = 7 layers HL = 5, 40 (chl max), 100 (thermocline), 150, 200, 500 (DO min), 600 0 34 CTD 45 -4° 52.6425’ 117° 13.2094’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax =200 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 180 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =11/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 14:40 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 15:46 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 37 m
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 37 (chl max), 100 (thermocline), 140 (DO min), 180 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 5 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 37 (chl max), 100 (thermocline), 140 (DO min), 180 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 37 (chl max), 100 (thermocline), 140 (DO min), 180 1. Microplastic NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 37 (chl max), 100 (thermocline), 140 (DO min), 180 0 35 CTD 46 -4° 30.1642’ 117° 38.8637’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 1863 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =12/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 20:44 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = - (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 75 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 7 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 75 (chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 500, 750 (DO min), 1000
1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 7 layers Page 89
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude HL = 5, 75 (chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 500, 750 (DO min) 1. Cocolith NL = 7 layers HL = 5, 75 (chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 500, 750 (DO min) 1. Bacteria NL = 7 layers HL = 5, (thermocline), 750 (DO min), 1000 1. Microplastic NL = 6 layers HL = = 5, 75 (chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 500, 750 (DO min), 1000 0 36 CTD 47 -4° 02.0768’ 117° 59.9805’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 1900 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =12/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 02:33 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 02:57 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 40 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 40 (chl maks), 75 100, 120, 200, 300, 400 (DO min) 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 40 (chl maks), 75 100, 120, 200, 300, 400 (DO min) 0 37 CTD 48 -3° 32.7181’ 118° 32.7318’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 1971 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =12/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 09:39 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 10:06 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 50 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 7 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 50, 100 (DO min), 150 (thermocline), 200, 500, 1000 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 50, 100 (DO min), 150 (thermocline), 200 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 50, 100 (DO min), 150 (thermocline), 200 1. Bacteria NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 100 (DO min), 150 (thermocline), 1000 1. Microplastic NL = 7 layers HL = 5, 50, 100 (DO min), 150 (thermocline), 200, 500, 1000 0 38 CTD 49 -3° 00.5448’ 118° 31.1267’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 2153 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =12/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 16:06 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 16:33 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 53 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3]
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton NL = 11 layers HL = 5, 53 (chl maks), 100, 150 (Thermocline), 200, 250 (Do min), 300, 400, 500, 750, 1000 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 11 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 53 (chl maks), 100, 150 (Thermocline), 200, 250 (Do min), 300, 400, 500, 750, 1000 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 6 layers HL = 5, 53 (chl maks), 100, 150 (Thermocline), 200 1. Cocolith NL = 6 layers HL = 5, 53 (chl maks), 100, 150 (Thermocline), 200 0 39 CTD 50 -1° 59.9875’ 118° 49.9935’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 1678 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =13/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 00:55 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 01:16 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 50 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Nutrient (PO4, NO3, SiO2, NH4) NL = 7 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 50 (Chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 200, 400 (DO min), 1000
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 5 layers HL =5, 50 (Chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 200, 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL =5, 50 (Chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 200 1. Bacteria NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 150 (thermocline), 400 (DO min), 1000 1. Microplastic NL = 7 layers HL = 5, 50 (Chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 200, 400 (DO min), 1000 0 40 CTD 51 -1° 03.3315’ 118° 59.1051’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 1966 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =13/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 10:59 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 11:40 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 22 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton NL = 8 layers HL = 5, 22 (Chl max), 100, 150, 200, 400 (DO min), 500, 1000 1. Nutrient NL = 8 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 22 (Chl max), 100, 150, 200, 400 (DO min), 500, 1000 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 5 layers
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude HL = 5, 22 (Chl max), 100, 150, 200 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 22 (Chl max), 100, 150, 200 1. Microplastic NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 22 (Chl max), 400 (DO min), 1000 0 41 CTD 52 -0° 00.0154’ 119° 24.9598’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 1625 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =14/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 22:34 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 23:01 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 30 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Nutrient NL = 8 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 30 (chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 200, 400 (DO min), 500, 1000 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 30 (chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 200 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 30 (chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 200 1. Bacteria NL = 4 layers HL = 5, (thermocline), 200, 400 (DO min), 1000 1. Microplastic NL = 8 layers
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude HL = 5, 30 (chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 200, 400 (DO min), 500, 1000 0 42 CTD 57 0° 43.0357’ 119° 59.7335’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 268 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 250 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =14/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 08:46 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 08:64 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 75 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 75 (chl max), 150 (thermocline), 250 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 4 layers 2. Nutrient HL = 5, 75 (chl max), 150 3. pH (thermocline), 250 1. Cocolith NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 75 (chl max), 150 (thermocline), 250 1. Bacteria NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 75 (chl max), 150 (thermocline), 250 1. Microplastic NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 75 (chl max), 150 (thermocline), 250 0 43 CTD-Gravity 0° 50.5880’ 120° 06.9231’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 618 m Dompal 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 600 m
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =14/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 11:54 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 12:07 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 50 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 50 (Chl max), 120 (Thermocline), 140, 1000 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL =8 layers 2. Nutrient HL = 5, 50 (Chl max), 120 3. pH (Thermocline), 140 (DO min), 300, 400, 500, 600 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 50 (Chl max), 120 (Thermocline), 140 1. Cocolith NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 50 (Chl max), 120 (Thermocline), 140 1. Bacteria NL =7 layers HL = 5, 50 (Chl max), 120 (Thermocline), 300, 400, 500, 600 0 44 CTD 56 0° 45.1591’ 119° 43.3935’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 3131 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =15/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 05:27 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 05:50 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 40 m
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Nutrient NL = 7 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 40, 100, 150, 200, 400 (DO min), 1000.
1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 40, 100, 150, 200 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 40, 100, 150, 200 1. Bacteria NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 150 (thermocline), 400 (DO min), 1000 1. Microplastic NL = 7 layers HL = 5, 40 (Chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 200, 400 (DO min), 1000 0 45 CTD 55 0° 52.4503’ 119° 30.4676’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 2532 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =15/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 10:35 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 11:09 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 12 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 12, 100, 150, 200 1. Nutrient NL = 8 layers Page 97
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 2. pH HL = 5, 12, 100, 150, 200, 400, 500, 1000 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 12, 100, 150, 200 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 12, 100, 150, 200 1. Bacteria NL = 8 layers HL = 5, 150 (Thermocline), 400 (Thermocline), 500, 1000 1. Microplastic NL = 4 layers HL = 5, 150, 1000 0 46 CTD 53 1° 01.6562’ 119° 01.3679’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 834 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 700 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =15/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 16:42 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 16:55 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 20 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton NL = 7 layers HL = 5, 25, 100, 150,200, 300,700 1. Nutrient NL = 7 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 25, 100, 150,200, 300,700 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 25, 100, 150,200 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 25, 100, 150,200 1. Bacteria NL = 4 layers
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude HL = 5, 150 (Thermocline) 300 (DO min),700 1. Microplastic NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 20,150,300,700 0 47 CTD 54 0° 56.9960’ 119° 16.0202’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 3343 m 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =16/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 23:23 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 23:49 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 20 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Nutrient NL = 8 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 20 (chl max), 100, 140 (thermocline), 200, 400 (DO min), 500, 1000
1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 20 (chl max), 100, 140 (thermocline), 200 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 20 (chl max), 100, 140 (thermocline), 200
1. Microplastic NL = 8 layers HL = 5, 20 (chl max), 100, 140 (thermocline), 200, 400 (DO min), 500, 1000 0 48 CTD Gravity 0° 13.5308’ 117° 47.6941’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 636 m Sangata 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m Page 99
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =16/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 15:04 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 15:20 (UTC) 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 32 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Plankton NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 32 (chl max), 150 (thermocline),400, 500. 1. Nutrient NL = 8 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 32 (chl max), 150 (thermocline), 250 (DO min), 300, 400, 500, 600. 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 5 layers HL = 55, 32 (chl max), 150 (thermocline), 250 (DO min) 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 55, 32 (chl max), 150 (thermocline), 250 (DO min)
1. Bacteria NL = 8 layers HL = 5, 32 (chl max), 150 (thermocline), 250 (DO min), 300, 400, 500, 600. 0 49 CTD Balik -1° 44.4385’ 117° 24.9907’ 1. Temperature [ C] Hmax = 519 m Papan 2. Salinity [PSU] Hbot = 1000 m 3 3. Density [kg/m ] DM [dd/mm/yy] =17/12/19 4. Conductivity [mS/cm] Ts [hh:mm] = 07:50 (UTC) 5. Sound Velocity [m/s] Tb [hh:mm] = 08:04 (UTC) Page 100
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Position No Station Name Parameters Descriptions Latitude Longitude 6. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) [ml/l] HChl max = 50 m 7. Fluorescence [mg/m3] 8. Beam Transmission [%] 9. Chlorophyll-a 1. Nutrient NL = 7 layers 2. pH HL = 5, 50 (Chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 200, 400 (DO min), 500 1. TSS (Total Dissolve Solid) NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 50 (Chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 200 1. Cocolith NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 50 (Chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 200 1. Bacteria NL = 7 layers HL = 5, 50 (Chl max), 100, 150 (thermocline), 200, 400 (DO min), 500 1. Microplastic NL = 5 layers HL = 5, 50, 150, 400, 500
Annotation: Chl : Chlorophyll-a
Hmax : Water Depth (meter) Hbot : CTD Casting Maximum Depth (meter) DM [dd/mm/yy] : Date of Measurement TS [hh:mm] : Start Time of Measurement (in UTC) Tb [hh:mm] : End Time of Measruement (in UTC) HChl-a max : Depth of Chlorophyll-a Maximum Page 101
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NL : Total Number of Water Sample Layer HL : Depth of Each Water Sample Layer
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4.4 Plankton Net Sampling Report
We have conducted plankton sampling by using seawater from Rosette Bottle and from Plankton Net (Kitahara and Norpac Net). The log for plankton sampling from rosette bottle can be seen in Table 11. The plankton sampling log from Plankton Net and the documentation can be seen in Table 12 and Figure 33.
Plankton net Deployment Collecting sample from Plankton Net
Figure 33. Plankton Sampling Activity in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition.
Table 12. Details Information of Plankton Sampling from Plankton Net (for the sample from the Rosette Bottle, see in Table 11) in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition Station Position No Net Type Descriptions Name Latitude Longitude
1 CTD 73 5° 57.1631 105° 47.6899' Hsampling = 50 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 19/11/19 Norpac M Ts [hh:mm] = 09:12 (UTC) Water Volume =
Hsampling = 50 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 19/11/19 Kitahara M Ts [hh:mm] = 09:12 (UTC) Water Volume =
2 CTD 74 -6° 07.7233 105° 31.4993' Hsampling = 30 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 19/11/19 Norpac M Ts [hh:mm] = 11:56 (UTC) Water Volume =
Hsampling = 30 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 19/11/19 Kitahara M Ts [hh:mm] = 12:05 (UTC) Water Volume =
3 CTD 75 -6° 16.0528 105° 16.1968' Hsampling = 100 m
Norpac DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 19/11/19
Ts [hh:mm] = 14:16 (UTC)
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Station Position No Net Type Descriptions Name Latitude Longitude Water Volume =
Hsampling = 100 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 19/11/19 Kitahara M Ts [hh:mm] = 14:22 (UTC) Water Volume =
4 CTD 01 -6° 27.2937' 104° 53.672' Hsampling = 300 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 20/11/19 Norpac M Ts [hh:mm] = 18:49 (UTC) Water Volume =
Hsampling = 300 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 20/11/19 Kitahara M Ts [hh:mm] = 19:03 (UTC) Water Volume =
5 CTD 02 -6° 45.1733' 104° 04.5497' Hsampling = 300 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 20/11/19 Norpac M Ts [hh:mm] = 01:10 (UTC) Water Volume =
Hsampling = 300 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 20/11/19 Kitahara M Ts [hh:mm] = 01:24 (UTC) Water Volume =
6 CTD 03 -7° 01.1725' 103° 19.4348' Hsampling = 300 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 20/11/19 Norpac M Ts [hh:mm] = 08:12 (UTC) Water Volume =
Hsampling = 300 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 20/11/19 Kitahara M Ts [hh:mm] = 08:26 (UTC) Water Volume =
7 CTD 04 -7° 22.5512' 102° 15.0772' Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 21/11/19
Ts [hh:mm] = 20:55 (UTC) Water Volume =
Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 21/11/19
Ts [hh:mm] = 21:12 (UTC) Water Volume =
8 CTD 05 -7° 34.9201' 101° 15.3526' Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 21/11/19
Ts [hh:mm] = 04:35 (UTC) Water Volume =
Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 21/11/19
Ts [hh:mm] = 04:50 (UTC) Page 104
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Station Position No Net Type Descriptions Name Latitude Longitude Water Volume =
9 CTD 06 -7° 59.9844' 99° 53.5780' Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 22/11/19
Ts [hh:mm] = 20:45 (UTC) Water Volume =
Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 22/11/19
Ts [hh:mm] = 21:10 (UTC) Water Volume =
10 CTD 09 -8° 34.9791' 106° 45.4225' Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = Norpac 27/11/20109
Ts [hh:mm] = 07:19 (UTC) Water Volume =
Hsampling = 300 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 27/11/19 Kitahara M Ts [hh:mm] = 07:31 (UTC) Water Volume =
11 CTD 10 -8° 20.6042' 107° 14.2078' Hsampling = 300 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 27/11/19 Norpac M Ts [hh:mm] = 15:45 (UTC) Water Volume =
Hsampling = 300 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 27/11/19 Kitahara M Ts [hh:mm] = 15:55 (UTC) Water Volume =
12 CTD 11 -8° 08.8126' 107° 37.0605' Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 28/11/19
Ts [hh:mm] = 21:27 (UTC) Water Volume =
Norpac Hsampling =300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 28/11/19
Ts [hh:mm] = 21:43 (UTC) Water Volume =
13 CTD 12 -8° 01.0494' 107° 58.4210' Hsampling = 300 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 28/11/19 Norpac M Ts [hh:mm] = 01:27 (UTC) Water Volume =
Hsampling = 300 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 28/11/19 Kitahara M Ts [hh:mm] = 01:56 (UTC) Water Volume =
14 CTD 13 -8° 31.1347' 109° 55.1553' Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 29/11/19 Page 105
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Station Position No Net Type Descriptions Name Latitude Longitude
Ts [hh:mm] = 19:50 (UTC) Water Volume =
Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 29/11/19
Ts [hh:mm] = 20:05 (UTC) Water Volume =
15 CTD 21 -8° 54.4538' 114° 11.7732' Hsampling = 300 m
Norpac DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 30/11/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 10:53 (UTC) Water Volume =
Hsampling = 300 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 30/11/2019 Kitahara M Ts [hh:mm] = 10:53 (UTC) Water Volume =
16 CTD 22 -8° 57.7599' 114° 40.7172' Hsampling = 300 m
Norpac DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 01/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 19:00 (UTC) Water Volume =
Hsampling = 300 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 01/12/2019 Kitahara M Ts [hh:mm] = 19:16 (UTC) Water Volume =
17 CTD 23 -8° 39.203’ 114° 40.974’ Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 02/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 07.44 (UTC) Water Volume =
Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 02/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 07.54 (UTC) Water Volume =
18 CTD 25 -9° 05.3691’ 114° 53.6979’ Hsampling = 300 m
Norpac DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 06/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 08:53 (UTC) Water Volume =
Hsampling = 300 m D [dd/mm/yyyy] = 06/12/2019 Kitahara M Ts [hh:mm] = 09:10 (UTC) Water Volume =
19 CTD 27 -9° 28.6506’ 115° 35.3547’ Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 07/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 18:34 (UTC) Water Volume =
Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 07/12/2019 Page 106
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Station Position No Net Type Descriptions Name Latitude Longitude
Ts [hh:mm] = 18:48 (UTC) Water Volume =
20 CTD 29 -9° 09.9995’ 116° 23.8031’ Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 07/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 12.45 (UTC) Water Volume =
Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 07/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 12.59 (UTC) Water Volume =
21 CTD 30 -8° 52.2635’ 116° 40.1092’ Kitahara Hsampling = 100 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 08/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 01:57 UTC Water Volume =
Norpac Hsampling = 100 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 08/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 02:03 UTC Water Volume =
22 CTD 31 -9° 0.7784’ 116° 24.9719’ Norpac Hsampling = 150 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 08/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 04:40 UTC Water Volume =
Kitahara Hsampling = 150 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 08/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 04:50 UTC Water Volume =
23 CTD 33 -9° 03.2601’ 115° 36.9919’ Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 08/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 12:58 (UTC) Water Volume =
Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 08/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 13:15 (UTC) Water Volume =
24 CTD 35 -8° 41.8857' 115° 18.4499' Norpac Hsampling = 45 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 09/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 03:30 UTC Water Volume =
Kitahara Hsampling = 45 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 09/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 03:.37 (UTC) Water Volume =
25 CTD 37 -8° 38.317’ 115° 39.305’ Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 09/12/2019 Page 107
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Station Position No Net Type Descriptions Name Latitude Longitude
Ts [hh:mm] = 10:05 (UTC) Water Volume =
Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 09/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 10:15 (UTC) Water Volume =
26 CTD 38 -008° 25.2603’ -115° 57.5621’ Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 09/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 13:23 (UTC) Water Volume =
Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 09/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 13:45 (UTC) Water Volume =
27 CTD 39 -008° 00.0054 116° 00.423 Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 10/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 06:30 UTC Water Volume =
Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 10/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 06:50 UTC Water Volume =
28 CTD 41 -006° 59.9964 116° 22.0834’ Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 10/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 17:15 (UTC) Water Volume =
Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 10/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 17:30 (UTC) Water Volume =
29 CTD 43 -005° 59.9816’ 116° 49.9325’ Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 11/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 02:20 (UTC) Water Volume =
Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 11/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 02:40 (UTC) Water Volume =
30 CTD 45 -004° 52.6425’ 117° 13.2094’ Norpac Hsampling = 100 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 11/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 14: 30 (UTC) Water Volume =
Kitahara Hsampling = 100 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 11/12/2019 Page 108
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Station Position No Net Type Descriptions Name Latitude Longitude
Ts [hh:mm] = 14:40 (UTC) Water Volume =
31 CTD 47 -004° 02.0768’ 117° 59.9805’ Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 12/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 02:15 (UTC) Water Volume =
Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 12/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 02:25 (UTC) Water Volume =
32 CTD 49 -003° 00.5448’ 118° 31.1267’ Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 12/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 15: 39 (UTC) Water Volume =
Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 12/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 15:50 (UTC) Water Volume =
33 CTD 51 -001° 03.3315’ 118° 59.1051’ Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 13/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 09:50 (UTC) Water Volume =
Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 13/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 10:00 (UTC) Water Volume =
34 CTD 57 00° 43.0357’ 119° 59.7335’ Norpac Hsampling = 200 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 14/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 08:31(UTC) Water Volume =
Kitahara Hsampling = 200 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 14/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 08:45 (UTC) Water Volume =
35 CTD 56 00° 45.1591’ 119° 43.3935’ Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 15/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 05:30 (UTC) Water Volume =
Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 15/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 05:50 (UTC) Water Volume =
36 CTD 55 00° 52.4503’ 119° 30.4676’ Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 15/12/2019 Page 109
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Station Position No Net Type Descriptions Name Latitude Longitude
Ts [hh:mm] = Water Volume =
Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 15/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = Water Volume =
37 CTD 53 001° 01.6562’ 119° 01.3679’ Kitahara Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 16/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 17:.30 Water Volume =
Norpac Hsampling = 300 m
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 16/12/2019
Ts [hh:mm] = 17:.50 Water Volume =
4.5 Gravity Core Sampling Report
During TRIUMPH 2019 cruise, 12 deep-sea sediment cores were collected from 9 sites with various sea bottom depth ranging from 201 to 1565 m water depth across southern Java offshore, Indian ocean (Leg 1), Lombok strait and Makassar strait (Leg 2) (Table 1). Five sediment cores (TR1911, TR1926A, TR1926B, TR1927A and TR1927B) were well recovered whilst three deployments (TR1921, TR1923, TR1924A and TR1924B) were unable to penetrate the seafloor. Coarse grained sand composed of shell fragments found in the core catcher and dents of core nose may indicate that the seafloor of the sites is too hard to penetrate with the gravity corer.
Gravity Core Deployment Checking the Sample
Figure 34. Gravity Core Casting and Sample Collecting Activity in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition.
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Table 13. Details Information of Gravity Core Casting in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition
Sediment core TR1911 (Leg 1) TR1912 (Leg 1) TR1921 (Leg 2) TR1922 (Leg 2) TR1923 (Leg 2) TR1924A (Leg 2) Date 28/11/2019 30/11/2019 9/12/2019 9/12/2019 11/12/2019 14/12/2019 Location Tg. Gedeh, West P. Watulayar, East Tanjung Pandan Makassar offshore, Pulau Laut Offshore, Teluk Dampal Java Offshore, Java Offshore, offshore, Lombok Makassar strait Makassar Strait offshore, Makassar Indian Ocean Indian Ocean Strait Strait Latitude 08° 01.002' S 08° 54.182' S 08° 25.0846' S 5° 29.1970' S 4° 52.7946' S 0° 50.7524' N Longitude 107° 58.527' E 114° 11.546' E 115° 58.8077' E 117° 03.8680' E 117° 13.0158' E 120° 07.0125' E Bottom depth 1051 m 1565 m 738 m 640 m 201 m 630 m Time at bottom 09.08 WIB 19.26 WIB 20.40 WITA 16.06 WITA 23.02 WITA 19.32 WITA Wire out 1128 m 1705 m 798 m 625 m 210 m 656 m Penetration 238 cm 55 cm Core catcher 7 cm Core catcher Core catcher Sediment Dark green sandy Dark grey sandy silt Yellowish light grey Greenish light grey Yellowish grey very Yellowish grey clay very coarse sand silty sand coarse sand coarse sand Sediment core TR1924B (Leg 2) TR1925 (Leg 2) TR1926A (Leg 2) TR1926B (Leg 2) TR1927A (Leg 2) TR1927B (Leg 2) Date 14/12/2019 14/12/2019 16/12/2019 16/12/2019 17/12/2019 17/12/2019 Location Teluk Dampal Tanjung Bengoang Sangata offshore, Sangata offshore, Balikpapan offshore, Balikpapan offshore, offshore, Makassar offshore, Makassar Makassar strait Makassar strait Makassar strait Makassar strait Strait strait Latitude 0° 50.4570' N 0° 44.9327' N 0° 13.4878' N 0° 13.6643' N 1° 45.0934' S 1° 45.4830' S Longitude 120° 07.7593' E 120° 00.8948' E 117° 47.6544' E 117° 47.4360' E 117° 24.7956' E 117° 24.5999' E Bottom depth 617 m 844 m 636 m 616 m 533 m 519 m Time at bottom 20.36 WITA 20.21 WITA 23.54 WITA 24.34 WITA 16.36 WITA 17.06 WITA Wire out 647 m 647 m 713 m 687 m 687 m 543 m Penetration Core catcher 24 cm 300 cm 300 cm 249 cm 271 cm Sediment Yellowish grey Greenish dark grey Greenish grey clay Greenish grey clay Greenish grey silty Greenish grey silty coarse sand silty sand clay clay
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4.6 Larvae Sampling Report
We have conducted larvae sampling by using bongo net. The log for larvae sampling from bongo net and the documentation can be seen in and Figure 35.
Bongo Net Deployment Larvae Sampling Collecting
Larvae Sampling Collecting Larvae Sampling Sorting
Figure 35. Larvae Sampling and Sorting Activity in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition.
Table 14. Details Information of Larvae Net Casting in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition Station Position Sampling No Descriptions Name Latitude Longitude Method
1 CTD 10 8° 20.677’ 107° 14.198’ Oblique DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 27/11/19 Ts [hh:mm] = 14:55 (UTC) Depth = 400 m Ship Speed = 2.8 knot Volume sampling = 299.848 L Duration down = 12 minutes Duration up = 13 minutes
2 CTD 13 8° 31.228’ 109° 55.184’ Oblique DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 29/11/19 Ts [hh:mm] = 17:55 (UTC) Depth = 400 m
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Station Position Sampling No Descriptions Name Latitude Longitude Method Ship Speed = 2.8 knot Volume sampling = 368.274 L Duration down = 18 minutes Duration up = 16 minutes
3 CTD 21 8° 54.012’ 114° 12.222’ Oblique DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 30/11/19 Ts [hh:mm] = 13:50 (UTC) Depth = 400 m Ship Speed = 2.8 knot Volume sampling = 437.272 L Duration down = 10 minutes Duration up = 13 minutes
4 CTD 22 8° 59.317’ 114° 39.225’ Oblique DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 01/12/19 Ts [hh:mm] = 19:21 (UTC) Depth = 400 m Ship Speed = 2.8 knot Volume sampling = 328.633 L Duration down = 18 minutes Duration up = 13 minutes
4.7 Plankton Video Recorder (PVR) Casting Report
We have conducted plankton high resolution video recording by using Plankton Video Recorder (PVR). The log for PVR and the documentation can be seen in and Figure 35.
Preparation of PVR Deployment of PVR
Figure 36. Plankton Video Recorder Casting Activity in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition.
Table 15. Details Information of PVR Casting in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 1 Expedition Station Position Sampling No Descriptions Name Latitude Longitude Method
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 28/11/19 1. CTD 12 -8° 01.0494' 107° 58.4210' Casting Ts [hh:mm] = 04:00 (UTC)
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Station Position Sampling No Descriptions Name Latitude Longitude Method Depth = 300 m Casting Speed = 1 knot
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 29/11/19 Ts [hh:mm] = 19:30 (UTC) 2. CTD 13 -8° 31.1347' 109° 55.1553' Casting Depth = 300 m Casting Speed = 1 knot
DM [dd/mm/yyyy] = 30/11/19 Ts [hh:mm] = 13:04 (UTC) 3. CTD 22 -8° 54.4538' 114° 11.7732' Casting Depth = 300 m Casting Speed = 1 knot
4.8 Microstructure Casting Report
We have conducted Turbulence Microstructure Profiler (TurboMAP) MSS60 casting. The log for TurboMAP and the documentation can be seen in and Figure 37.
MSS 60 Deployment Controlling the winch while deployment
Figure 37. Turbulance Microstructure Profiler (TurboMAP) MSS60 Casting Activity in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition.
Table 16. Details Information of TurboMAP MSS60 Casting in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition No. Station Date Time (UTC) Latitude) Longitude 1 CTD25 2019/12/06 10:06 09°05.197′S 114°53.463′E 2 CTD27-1 2019/12/07 22:50 09°28.017′S 115°31.955′E 3 CTD27-2 2019/12/07 00:12 09°28.836′S 115°35.581′E 4 CTD27-3 2019/12/07 02:14 09°28.258′S 115°34.535′E 5 CTD28 2019/12/07 06:50 09°19.211′S 116°02.657′E 6 CTD31 2019/12/08 05:06 09°00.725′S 116°25.078′E 7 CTD32 2019/12/08 08:06 09°01.052′S 116°04.636′E
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8 CTD37 2019/12/09 09:53 08°24.152′S 115°48.070′E 9 CTD38 2019/12/10 23:57 08°25.211′S 115°57.360′E 10 CTD39 2019/12/10 06:04 07°59.971′S 116°00.410′E 11 CTD43 2019/12/11 03:22 05°59.807′S 116°49.888′E 12 CTD44 2019/12/11 08:57 05°29.191′S 117°03.576′E 13 CTD47 2019/12/12 03:13 04°02.110′S 117°59.888′E 14 CTD48 2019/12/12 09:15 03°32.561′S 118°32.699′E 15 CTD50 2019/12/13 01:48 02°00.542′S 118°49.489′E 16 CTD52 2019/12/14 23:30 00°00.000′S 119°24.244′E 17 CTD57 2019/12/14 09:10 00°43.394′N 119°59.485′E 18 CTD56 2019/12/14 09:22 00°52.701′N 119°30.632′E
4.9 XCTD Casting Report
We have conducted the Expendable Conductivity Temperature and Depth (XCTD) casting. The log for XCTD Casting and the documentation can be seen in and Figure 37.
Gravity Core Deployment Checking the Sample
Figure 38. XCTD Casting Activity in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition.
Table 17. Details Information of XCTD Casting in TRIUMPH 2019 Leg 2 Expedition Ship No. Date Time Longitude Latitude speed File name (knot) XCTD_20191206_103231_Re 1 2019-12-06 10:32 114°05.028′E 8°54.891′S 8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191206_115153_Re 2 2019-12-06 11:51 114°16.008′E 8°57.294′S 8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191206_120753_Re 3 2019-12-06 12:08 114°18.826′E 8°57.838′S 8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191206_170557_Re 4 2019-12-06 17:11 114°53.716′E 9°05.364′S 0 alValue.txt XCTD_20191206_171116_Re 5 2019-12-06 17:11 114°53.655′E 9°05.358′S 0 alValue.txt XCTD_20191206_214515_Re 6 2019-12-06 21:45 115°13.974′E 9°16.655′S 0 alValue.txt
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Ship No. Date Time Longitude Latitude speed File name (knot) XCTD_20191206_223808_Re 7 2019-12-06 22:38 115°13.781′E 9°16.383′S 0 alValue.txt XCTD_20191209_140030_Re 8 2019-12-09 14:03 115°32.689′E 8°34.597′S 7 alValue.txt XCTD_20191209_183047_Re 9 2019-12-09 17:45 115°47.614′E 8°24.019′S 0 alValue.txt XCTD_20191209_184557_Re 10 2019-12-09 17:45 115°47.614′E 8°24.019′S 0 alValue.txt XCTD_20191210_090636_Re 11 2019-12-10 09:10 115°53.876′E 8°24.619′S 4 alValue.txt XCTD_20191210_105541_Re 12 2019-12-10 10:55 115°53.628′E 8°23.191′S 0 alValue.txt XCTD_20191210_143129_Re 13 2019-12-10 14:40 116°00.427′E 8°00.001′S 0 alValue.txt XCTD_20191210_170011_Re 14 2019-12-10 17:08 116°04.056′E 7°48.530′S 8.3 alValue.txt XCTD_20191210_182934_Re 15 2019-12-10 18:35 116°08.388′E 7°37.564′S 8.3 alValue.txt XCTD_20191210_213038_Re 16 2019-12-10 21:43 116°14.393′E 7°21.782′S 8.3 alValue.txt XCTD_20191210_223208_Re 17 2019-12-10 22:35 116°16.769′E 7°15.120′S 8.3 alValue.txt XCTD_20191210_223607_Re 18 2019-12-11 07:13 116°40.554′E 6°22.510′S 7.8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191211_080819_Re 19 2019-12-11 08:13 116°43.133′E 6°15.614′S 7.8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191211_093316_Re 20 2019-12-11 09:30 116°47.884′E 6°04.758′S 7.8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191211_140702_Re 21 2019-12-11 14:08 116°58.490′E 5°41.500′S 8.5 alValue.txt XCTD_20191211_151314_Re 22 2019-12-11 15:13 117°02.514′E 5°33.331′S 8.5 alValue.txt XCTD_20191211_181424_Re 23 2019-12-11 18:15 117°05.966′E 5°23.470′S 7.8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191211_190109_Re 24 2019-12-11 19:00 117°07.220′E 5°17.668′S 7.8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191211_191415_Re 25 2019-12-11 19:15 117°07.586′E 5°16.070′S 7.6 alValue.txt XCTD_20191211_200449_Re 26 2019-12-11 20:05 117°08.033′E 5°10.068′S 8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191211_213246_Re 27 2019-12-11 21:30 117°11.840′E 4°58.701′S 8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191212_063932_Re 28 2019-12-12 06:40 117°43.762′E 4°23.660′S 8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191212_072918_Re 29 2019-12-12 07:30 117°47.760′E 4°18.260′S 8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191212_083120_Re 30 2019-12-12 08:30 117°53.300′E 4°11.060′S 8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191212_093020_Re 31 2019-12-12 09:30 117°58.186′E 4°04.327′S 8.6 alValue.txt
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Ship No. Date Time Longitude Latitude speed File name (knot) XCTD_20191212_104221_Re 32 2019-12-12 10:45 117°58.836′E 4°02.091′S 0 alValue.txt XCTD_20191212_122953_Re 33 2019-12-12 12:30 118°04.367′E 3°58.287′S 8.2 alValue.txt XCTD_20191212_141151_Re 34 2019-12-12 14:19 118°15.003′E 3°48.563′S 8.2 alValue.txt XCTD_20191212_153048_Re 35 2019-12-12 15:30 118°22.808′E 3°41.518′S 7.8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191212_162714_Re 36 2019-12-12 16:30 118°29.035′E 3°35.715′S 8.2 alValue.txt XCTD_20191212_190921_Re 37 2019-12-12 19:10 118°32.434′E 3°28.862′S 7.3 alValue.txt XCTD_20191212_201445_Re 38 2019-12-12 20:10 118°32.320′E 3°21.880′S 6.8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191212_212919_Re 39 2019-12-12 21:30 118°32.092′E 3°13.917′S 6.4 alValue.txt XCTD_20191213_055615_Re 40 2019-12-13 06:00 118°43.237′E 2°21.678′S 7.8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191213_073149_Re 41 2019-12-13 07:30 118°46.880′E 2°10.022′S 8.1 alValue.txt XCTD_20191213_093031_Re 42 2019-12-13 09:30 118°49.751′E 2°00.276′S 0 alValue.txt XCTD_20191214_100050_Re 43 2019-12-14 10:00 119°32.691′E 0°09.800′N 6.4 alValue.txt XCTD_20191214_120406_Re 44 2019-12-14 12:00 119°41.414′E 0°20.708′N 6.1 alValue.txt XCTD_20191214_150526_Re 45 2019-12-14 15:00 119°53.780′E 0°38.835′N 7.3 alValue.txt XCTD_20191215_203307_Re 46 2019-12-15 20:30 119°25.101′E 0°53.897′N 7.3 alValue.txt XCTD_20191215_203307_Re 47 2019-12-16 12:00 119°10.753′E 0°54.506′N 8.7 alValue.txt XCTD_20191216_183129_Re 48 2019-12-16 18:30 118°20.112′E 0°28.275′N 8.1 alValue.txt XCTD_20191216_202953_Re 49 2019-12-16 20:30 118°05.470′E 0°22.102′N 8.8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191217_080830_Re 50 2019-12-17 08:00 117°56.953′E 0°41.845′S 9 alValue.txt XCTD_20191217_110931_Re 51 2019-12-17 10:00 117°50.344′E 1°09.498′S 9.5 alValue.txt XCTD_20191217_144230_Re 53 2019-12-17 14:40 117°31.808′E 1°37.008′S 9.5 alValue.txt XCTD_20191217_204835_Re 54 2019-12-17 20:45 117°45.486′E 2°08.097′S 9.5 alValue.txt XCTD_20191217_205536_Re 55 2019-12-17 20:50 117°45.790′E 2°08.450′S 9.5 alValue.txt XCTD_20191218_211744_Re 56 2019-12-18 21:15 116°28.414′E 4°10.334′S 7.8 alValue.txt XCTD_20191219_220949_Re 57 2019-12-19 22:00 113°43.014′E 5°48.345′S 8.4 alValue.txt
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Ship No. Date Time Longitude Latitude speed File name (knot) XCTD_20191221_083052_Re 58 2019-12-21 07:30 111°31.791′E 5°55.590′S 7.9 alValue.txt
4.10 Underway pCO2 Recording Report
We have conducted the Underway pCO2 recording along the cruise track. The log for pCO2 recording can be seen in Table 18.
Table 18. The Log Check of pCO2 in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition Value Value No Date Time No Date Time ppmV mBar ppmV mBar 1 19/11/2019 9:48 - - 31 26/11/2019 23:13 388 1246 2 19/11/2019 10:14 491 1027 32 27/11/2019 10:00 510 1261 3 19/11/2019 13:14 490 1119 33 27/11/2019 18:28 139 1266 4 19/11/2019 16:14 464 1094 34 27/11/2019 22:10 494 1254 5 19/11/2019 19:44 399 1154 35 28/11/2019 5:32 880 1251 6 20/11/2019 7:23 143 1154 36 28/11/2019 10:16 642 1261 7 20/11/2019 10:14 144 1253 37 28/11/2019 13:54 664 1244 8 20/11/2019 13:21 403 1284 38 28/11/2019 17:03 457 1244 9 20/11/2019 16:24 145 1284 39 28/11/2019 20:17 457 1259 10 20/11/2019 19:14 147 1294 40 28/11/2019 23:46 516 1284 11 20/11/2019 22:21 147 1274 41 29/11/2019 5:17 516 1261 12 21/11/2019 1:17 153 1286 42 29/11/2019 8:39 384 1264 13 21/11/2019 6:11 149 1279 43 29/11/2019 14:33 388 1261 14 21/11/2019 7:14:00 135 1299 44 29/11/2019 19:20 356 1271 45 29/11/2019 433 1264 15 21/11/2019 10:05 145 1281 23:50 46 30/11/2019 662 1254 16 21/11/2019 10:24 143 1294 9:11 47 30/11/2019 579 1249 17 21/11/2019 13:47:10 149 1284 12:22 48 30/11/2019 137 1259 18 21/11/2019 16:14 143 1284 15:00 49 30/11/2019 502 1244 19 21/11/2019 19:54 149 1264 17:56 50 01/12/2019 638 1239 20 22/11/2019 7:21 161 1279 0:33 21 22/11/2019 10:21 133 1281 51 01/12/2019 3:05 691 1251 22 25/11/2019 9:00 1158 1256 52 01/12/2019 9:23 543 1246 53 01/12/2019 13:40 451 1251 23 25/11/2019 12:50 589 1254 54 05/12/2019 14:42 - - 24 25/11/2019 18:52 293 1254 55 05/12/2019 17:42 498 1246 25 25/11/2019 22:16 425 1306 56 05/12/2019 20:41 776 1251 26 26/11/2019 0:27 508 1289 57 06/12/2019 4:50 675 1284 27 26/11/2019 9:00 376 1276 58 06/12/2019 7:57 695 1261 28 26/11/2019 14:07 496 1266 59 06/12/2019 13:45 618 1309 29 26/11/2019 16:02 376 1294 60 06/12/2019 16:45 604 1291 30 26/11/2019 18:46 376 1254
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Value Value No Date Time No Date Time ppmV mBar ppmV mBar 61 06/12/2019 20:03 514 1306 103 15/12/2019 8:14 861 1296 62 06/12/2019 21:40 504 1304 104 15/12/2019 11:14 870 1294 63 07/12/2019 5:07 490 1284 105 15/12/2019 14:14 945 1284 64 07/12/2019 8:28 583 1296 106 16/12/2019 5:22 910 1296 65 07/12/2019 11:27 559 1284 107 16/12/2019 11:12 983 1311 66 07/12/2019 14:17 490 1299 108 16/12/2019 14:12 1038 1309 67 07/12/2019 19:32 510 1301 109 16/12/2019 17:12 985 1304 68 07/12/2019 21:19 512 1291 110 17/12/2019 4:42 1164 1309 69 08/12/2019 4:06 520 1279 111 17/12/2019 7:32 1068 1304 70 08/12/2019 7:06 522 1281 112 17/12/2019 10:52 1099 1324 71 08/12/2019 10:06 500 1281 72 08/12/2019 13:06 508 1279 73 08/12/2019 16:06 506 1269 74 08/12/2019 20:27 504 1296 75 09/12/2019 4:42 498 1296 76 09/12/2019 7:42 626 1261 77 09/12/2019 10:42 646 1259 78 09/12/2019 18:57 750 1254 79 10/12/2019 5:09 549 1236 80 10/12/2019 8:24 510 1241 81 10/12/2019 11:19 567 1264 82 10/12/2019 14:45 610 1244 83 10/12/2019 18:40 508 1264 84 11/12/2019 5:11 484 1264 85 11/12/2019 8:12 535 1259 86 11/12/2019 13:00 585 1256 87 11/12/2019 17:27 547 1251 88 12/12/2019 4:51 561 1266 89 12/12/2019 7:51 557 1269 90 12/12/2019 10:51 579 1261 91 12/12/2019 13:51 539 1261 92 12/12/2019 16:15 453 1266 93 12/12/2019 19:15 494 1254 94 13/12/2019 5:03 541 1279 95 13/12/2019 8:20 571 1296 96 13/12/2019 11:03 531 1294 97 14/12/2019 4:28 618 1286 98 14/12/2019 7:28 622 1289 99 14/12/2019 12:09 620 1299 100 14/12/2019 15:09 675 1291 101 14/12/2019 19:47 634 1294 102 15/12/2019 5:14 768 1296
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4.11 Total Aerosol Activities Report
We have conducted the total aerosol measurement every hour in the day along the cruise track. The log for total aerosol measurement can be seen in Table 19.
Table 19. The Log Check of Total Aerosol in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition Date Time (mm/dd/yy) 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11/19/19 TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO 11/20/19 C C C C C C C C C C C C 11/21/19 C 73 78 83 C 88 93 98 103 108 113 118 11/22/19 C 126 132 137 142 147 152 157 162 167 172 C 11/23/19 C 177 182 C C 187 192 C 197 202 C 207 11/24/19 C 212 217 C 222 228 233 238 243 248 253 258 11/25/19 C 263 268 273 278 284 290 295 300 305 310 315 11/26/19 C C 320 325 330 335 340 345 C C C C 11/27/19 C 350 355 360 366 371 376 381 386 391 397 403 11/28/19 408 413 418 423 428 433 438 C 443 448 453 458 11/29/19 463 468 473 478 483 488 493 498 LB LB 503 C 11/30/19 C 508 513 LB 518 523 528 533 538 543 548 C 12/1/19 553 558 564 569 NO 574 GE 579 589 594 599 C 12/2/19 609 614 619 624 629 534 639 644 - - - - 12/8/19 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 LB 81 86 91 12/9/19 96 101 106 111 116 121 126 131 136 141 146 151 12/10/19 156 LB FP FP 161 166 171 178 183 188 193 C 12/11/19 198 203 208 213 218 223 228 233 239 244 C C 12/12/19 C 249 C 254 C 261 267 272 277 283 288 293 12/13/19 C C C C 298 303 308 R R R R R 12/14/19 C R C 314- 319 LB LB 324 329 C 334 C 12/15/19 C 339 344 349 354 359 C C 364 C C C 12/16/19 R C 369 C 374 379 384 389 394 399 404 C 12/17/19 C R R R R R R C 409 414 419 424 12/18/19 C 429 434 439 444 C 449 453 458 463 468 473 12/19/19 C 478 483 488 LB FP 493 498 503 508 513 518 12/20/19 523 528 533 538 543 548 553 558 563 - - -
Description : TO = Try Out C = Cloudy R = Rain FP = Finding Position LB = Lowbath NO = No Observation GE = GPS Error
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4.12 Onboard Classroom Activities
In the time between one station to another, we have conducted onboard classroom activities (see Figure 39) to explain more detail about the scientific background of this Expedition and discussion about the Expedition or anything related to this research. We conduct these activities 4 times on November 21, November 25, December 13 and December 2019.
Mooring Lecture Indonesian Through-flow Lecture Figure 39. Onboard Classroom Activities in TRIUMPH 2019 Expedition.
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5. Plan For TRIUMPH 2019 - 2021
Based on MoU and Plan of Operation between Center of Deep Sea Research (CDSR LIPI), First Institute of Oceanography (FIO MNR), and the University of Maryland (UMD), TRIUMPH is multi-activities and multiyear collaborative research which will be carried out each year until 2021. The general plan of activities of TRIUMPH from 2018 to 2021 can be seen in Table 20.
Table 20. General Plan of Activites of TRIUMPH Collaborative Research Program Period General Plan of Activities Organizing a workshop to discuss and sharing previous research in Indonesian Seas and Eastern Indian Ocean 2018 Collecting and preparing data for preliminary studies Personal exchange The first deploying Expedition Turn-around recovery Expedition Training for data processing 2019 Numerical modeling, satellite observation Conducting a symposium for preliminary results Turn-around recovery Expedition Data analysis, numerical modeling, satellite observation 2020 Personnel exchange Preparing a manuscript for publication Recovery Expedition Data analysis, numerical modeling, satellite observation 2021 Personnel exchange Organizing a workshop to communicate and summarize the research results.
In 2018 and 2019, we successful to conducted the research Expedition to deploy some instruments, collecting and preparing data for preliminary studies.
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