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Power in Indonesia Investment and Taxation Guide November 2017 – 5th edition www.pwc.com/id DISCLAIMER: This publication has been prepared for general guidance on matters of interest only, and does not constitute professional advice. You should not act upon the information contained in this publication without obtaining specific professional advice. No representation or warranty (express or implied) is given as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this publication, and, to the extent permitted by law, KAP Tanudiredja, Wibisana, Rintis & Rekan, PT Prima Wahana Caraka, PT PricewaterhouseCoopers Indonesia Advisory, PT PricewaterhouseCoopers Consulting Indonesia, or Melli Darsa & Co., Advocates & Legal Consultants, its members, employees and agents do not accept or assume any liability, responsibility or duty of care for any consequences of you or anyone else acting, or refraining to act, in reliance on the information contained in this publication or for any decision based on it. Note: Totals in tables and charts may not add due to rounding differences. Regulatory information current to 20 September 2017 Contents Chapter Page Glossary 4 Foreword 8 1 Overview of Indonesian Power Sector 12 2 Legal and Regulatory Framework 34 3 IPP Investment in Indonesia 56 4 Conventional Energy 78 5 Renewable Energy 104 6 Taxation Considerations 146 7 Accounting Considerations 162 Appendices 182 Map: Major Power Plants and Transmission Lines 191 Glossary Term Definition AF Availability Factor APLSI The Independent Power Producers Association (Asosiasi Produsen Listrik Swasta Indonesia) B2B Business-to-Business Bappenas National Development Planning Agency (Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional) BBTUD Billion Thermal Units per Day BKPM Investment Coordinating Board (Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal) BLU Public Service Agency (Badan Layanan Umum) BOO Build Own Operate BOOT Build Own Operate Transfer BOT Build Operate Transfer BPJS Social Security Agencies (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial) BPP Electricity Generation Cost (Biaya Pokok Pembangkitan) CJPP Central Java Power Plant CMM Coal Mine-Mouth CNG Compressed Natural Gas COD Commercial Operations Date DGE Directorate General of Electricity (Direktorat Jenderal Ketenagalistrikan) DGNREEC Directorate General of New and Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation DGT Directorate General of Tax DPR House of Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat) EBIT Earnings Before Interest and Taxes EBITDA Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortisation EBTKE New and Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation (Energi Baru, Terbarukan dan Konservasi Energi) E&E Exploration and Evaluation EIU Economist Intelligence Unit EPC Engineering, Procurement and Construction FM Force Majeure FSRUs Floating Storage Regasification Units Term Definition FTP I The fast track programme introduced in 2006 mandating PLN to build 10 GW of coal-fired plants across Indonesia FTP II The fast track programme introduced in 2010 to build 10 GW of power plants focusing on renewable energy sources and IPP involvement GEUDP Geothermal Energy Upstream Development Project GoI/Government Government of Indonesia (Central Government) GR Government Regulation (PP or Peraturan Pemerintah) GSF Geothermal Support Fund GW Gigawatt (1,000 MW) HBA Coal Reference Price (Harga Batubara Acuan) HPB Coal Benchmark Price (Harga Patokan Batubara) ICP Indonesian Crude Price IDD Indonesia Deep Water IDR Indonesian Rupiah IEA International Energy Agency IFRIC International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee IFRS/IAS International Financial Reporting Standards/International Accounting Standards IIGF Indonesian Infrastructure Guarantee Fund (also known as PT Penjaminan Infrastruktur Indonesia - “PTPII”) INAGA Indonesia Geothermal Association Indonesian ASB Indonesian Accounting Standards Board IO Operating Permit for Generating Electricity for Own Use (Izin Operasi, sometimes referred to as Izin untuk Mengoperasikan Instalasi Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik untuk Kepentingan Sendiri - “IUKS”) IPB Geothermal Permit under 2014 Law (Izin Panas Bumi) IPP Independent Power Producer ISAK Interpretations of Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards (Interpretasi Standar Akuntansi Keuangan) IUP Mining Business Licence (Izin Usaha Pertambangan) IUPK Special Mining Business Licence (Izin Usaha Pertambangan Khusus) IUJPTL Electricity support services licence (Izin Usaha Jasa Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik) Term Definition IUPTL Electricity Supply Business Permit (Izin Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik sometimes referred to as Izin untuk Melakukan Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik untuk Kepentingan Umum - “IUKU”) IUPTLS Temporary Electricity Supply Business Permit (Izin Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik Sementara) JBIC Japanese Bank for International Cooperation JOC Joint Operating Contract KPPIP The Committee for the Acceleration of Prioritised Infrastructure Development (Komite Percepatan Penyediaan Infrastruktur Prioritas) km Kilometer kWh Kilowatt hour kV Kilovolt LMAN State Assets Management Agency (Lembaga Manajemen Aset Negara) LNG Liquefied Natural Gas METI Indonesian Renewable Energy Society (Masyarakat Energi Terbarukan Indonesia) MKI The Indonesian Electrical Power Society (Masyarakat Ketenagalistrikan Indonesia) MMBtu Million British thermal unit MMSCFD Million Standard Cubic Feet per Day MoEMR Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (Kementerian Energi dan Sumberdaya Mineral) MoF Ministry of Finance (Kementerian Keuangan) MoSOE Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises (Kementerian Badan Usaha Milik Negara) MoPW Ministry of Public Works MoU Memorandum of Understanding MSW Municipal Solid Waste MTOE Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent MVA Megavolt Amperes MW Megawatt NEP National Energy Policy NRE New and Renewable Energy O&M Operations and Maintenance OJK Otoritas Jasa Keuangan PKUK Authorised Holder of an Electricity Business Licence under the 1985 Electricity Law (Pemegang Kuasa Usaha Ketenagalistrikan) Term Definition PLN The State-owned electricity company (PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara) POME Palm Oil Mill Effluent PPA Power Purchase Agreement PPP Public-Private Partnership PPU Private Power Utility (electricity generated for own use) PR Presidential Regulation (Perpres or Peraturan Presiden) PSAK Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards (Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan) PT IIF PT Indonesia Infrastruktur Financing (a subsidiary of PT SMI) PT PII PT Penjaminan Infrastruktur Indonesia (also known as the IIGF) PT SMI PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur (a fund setup to support infrastructure financing in Indonesia) PTSP One-Stop Services (Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu) PSP Preliminary Geothermal Survey Assignment (Penugasan Survey Pendahuluan) PSPE Preliminary Geothermal Survey and Exploration Assignment (Penugasan Survey Pendahuluan dan Eksplorasi) RUKD Regional Electricity Plan (Rencana Umum Ketenagalistrikan Daerah) RUKN National Electricity Master Plan (Rencana Umum Ketenagalistrikan Nasional) RUPTL Electricity Supply Business Plan (Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik) SBS SBS International Ltd SHP Small Hydropower SOE State-owned Enterprise SPC Special Purpose Company TKDN Local content (Tingkat Komponen Dalam Negeri) TP Transfer Pricing TSCF Trillion Sandard Cubic Feet USD US Dollar US GAAP US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles UPTL Small Scale Electricity Supply Business (Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik) VAT Value Added Tax WHT Withholding Tax Foreword Welcome to the Fifth edition of the PwC Indonesia “Power in Indonesia: Investment and Taxation“ Guide”. This publication has been written as a general investment and taxation guide for all stakeholders and those interested in the power sector in Indonesia. We have therefore endeavoured to create a publication which can be of use to existing investors, potential investors, and others who might have a more casual interest in the status of this economically critical sector for Indonesia. This edition of the Guide has been updated to reflect the substantial volume of regulatory and policy developments in 2017. For instance, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (“MoEMR”) has signed over 50 new regulations etc. in recent times of which at least 20 directly affect the Power sector (and which are discussed further below). We hope readers will find our updates on these developments particularly timely noting always the interpretational uncertainty that can exist around new regulations. As outlined in the table of contents page this publication is broken down into chapters which cover the following broad topics: • An overview of Indonesia’s Power Sector; • An overview of the legal and regulatory framework; • A detailed look at IPP investment; • The use of conventional energy sources; • A dedicated section on the use of renewable energy; • An outline of key tax issues; and • An outline of key accounting issues. As many readers would be aware, Indonesia’s power infrastructure needs substantial investment if it is not to inhibit Indonesia’s economic growth. Generating capacity, currently standing at around 59.6 GW, is struggling to keep up with the electricity demand from Indonesia’s growing middle class population and its manufacturing sector. 8 PwC Although the ambitious target of 35 GW of new generating capacity by 2019 is probably no longer achievable, the broader focus on growth is still a key priority of President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo’s Government. In fact over the past few years, around 1 GW of capacity has come online, around 15 GW is under construction, and over
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