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A Study on Low-Frequency Variability in Current and Sea Level in the Lombok Strait and Adjacent Region

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A Study on Low-Frequency Variability in Current and Sea Level in the Lombok Strait and Adjacent Region Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1992 A Study on Low-Frequency Variability in Current and Sea Level in the Lombok Strait and Adjacent Region. Dharma Arief Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Arief, Dharma, "A Study on Low-Frequency Variability in Current and Sea Level in the Lombok Strait and Adjacent Region." (1992). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 5289. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/5289 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9301036 A study on low-frequency variability in current and sea level in the Lombok Strait and adjacent region Arief, Dharma, Ph.D. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical Col., 1992 UMI 300 N. ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 A STUDY ON LOW FREQUENCY VARIABILITY IN CURRENT AND SEA-LEVEL IN THE LOMBOK STRAIT AND ADJACENT REGION A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences by Dharma Arief B.S., Bandung Institute of Technology, 1977 M.S., Louisiana State University 1988 May 1992 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank to Dr.Stephen P. Murray, Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, for his guidance in conducting this research and during the writing of this manu­ script. Appreciations are extended to Dr. William J.Wiseman Jr., Dr. Masamichi Inoue, Dr. Harry H.Roberts, and Dr. S.A.Hsu for their valuable suggestions and advice. I also thank to Dr. Nan van Heerden, and all personnel of Coastal Studies Institute for their assistance during this research. Special acknowledgement is due to my parents, my wife Lya, and my children Ayusta and Riana for their support and understanding. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................................ vi LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................... X I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 II. BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE .............................................................................................. 8 A. THE INDONESIAN SEAS .................................................................................................... 8 1. Topographic setting .......................................................................................................... 8 2. Circulation ........................................................................................................................... 9 3. Water m asses ..................................................................................................................... 10 B. THE SOUTH COAST OF JAVA - LOMBOK REGION ................................................. 11 1. Topographic s e ttin g .......................................................................................................... 11 2. Circulation ............... 11 C. THE LOMBOK STRAIT ....................................................................................................... 12 1. Topographic s e ttin g ................................................................................................... 12 2. Oceanographic measurements: ..................................................................................... 13 3. Water m asses ..................................................................................................................... 14 4. Circulation: .......................................................................................................................... 14 D. REGIONAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS......................................................... 15 1. S easonal P eriod ................................................................................................................. 15 2. Intraseasonal period .......................................................................................................... 16 3. Cyclones .............................................................................................................................. 17 4. Westerly Wind B urst .......................................................................................................... 18 E. CHAPTER SUMMARY......................................................................................................... 19 III. MATERIALS AND METHODS............................................................................................... 20 A. DATA......................................................................................................................................... 20 1. Current .................................................................................................................................. 20 2. Sea Level / Pressure G auge ............................................................................................ 22 3. Wind and Atmospheric Pressure .................................................................................... 22 B. M ETHODS.............................................................................................................................. 24 1. Interpolation for missing d a t a ........................................................................................ 24 i i i 2. Coordinate rotation ......................................................................................................... 27 3. Data Filtering .................................................................................................................... 27 4. Time domain analysis ..................................................................................................... 28 5. Spectral A nalysis.................................... 29 IV. DESCRIPTION OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN THE LOMBOK STRAIT................ 31 A. CURRENTS IN THE LOMBOK STRAIT........................................................................ 31 1. Directional and Vertical Properties .............................................................................. 31 2. Monthly C urrents ............................................................................................................ 36 3. Spectral Characteristics of AE25 C urrents................................................................. 39 4. Sub-tidal Currents at A E 25 ........................................................................................... 43 B. SEA LEVEL IN THE LOMBOK STRAIT ........................................................................ 46 1. S ea Level Characteristics ............................................................................................. 46 2. Spectral Characteristics ................................................................................................. 46 V. CURRENT AND SEA-LEVEL SLOPE RELATION IN THE LOMBOK STRAIT 51 A. CURRENTS - SEA-LEVEL SLOPES RELATIONSHIP .............................................
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