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Concise Ancient History of Indonesia.Pdf
CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDONESIA CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY O F INDONESIA BY SATYAWATI SULEIMAN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION JAKARTA Copyright by The Archaeological Foundation ]or The National Archaeological Institute 1974 Sponsored by The Ford Foundation Printed by Djambatan — Jakarta Percetakan Endang CONTENTS Preface • • VI I. The Prehistory of Indonesia 1 Early man ; The Foodgathering Stage or Palaeolithic ; The Developed Stage of Foodgathering or Epi-Palaeo- lithic ; The Foodproducing Stage or Neolithic ; The Stage of Craftsmanship or The Early Metal Stage. II. The first contacts with Hinduism and Buddhism 10 III. The first inscriptions 14 IV. Sumatra — The rise of Srivijaya 16 V. Sanjayas and Shailendras 19 VI. Shailendras in Sumatra • •.. 23 VII. Java from 860 A.D. to the 12th century • • 27 VIII. Singhasari • • 30 IX. Majapahit 33 X. The Nusantara : The other islands 38 West Java ; Bali ; Sumatra ; Kalimantan. Bibliography 52 V PREFACE This book is intended to serve as a framework for the ancient history of Indonesia in a concise form. Published for the first time more than a decade ago as a booklet in a modest cyclostyled shape by the Cultural Department of the Indonesian Embassy in India, it has been revised several times in Jakarta in the same form to keep up to date with new discoveries and current theories. Since it seemed to have filled a need felt by foreigners as well as Indonesians to obtain an elementary knowledge of Indonesia's past, it has been thought wise to publish it now in a printed form with the aim to reach a larger public than before. -
1941: World War II Context U.S
1941: World War II Context U.S. fascists opposed President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) from the start. In 1933, “America’s richest businessmen were in a panic. Roosevelt intended to conduct a massive redistribution of wealth…[and it] had to be stopped at all costs. The answer was a military coup…secretly financed and organized by leading officers of the Morgan and du Pont empires.” A top Wall Street conspirator, Gerald MacGuire, said: “We need a fascist government in this country…to save the nation from the communists who want to tear it down and wreck all that we have built.”36 The Committee on Un-American Activities said: “Sworn testimony showed that the plotters represented no- table families — Rockefeller, Mellon, Pew, Pitcairn, Hutton and great enterprises — Morgan, Dupont, Remington, Ana- conda, Bethlehem, Goodyear, GMC, Swift, Sun.”37 FDR also faced “isolationist” sentiments from such millionaires, who shared Hitler’s hatred of communism and had financed Hitler’s rise to power, as George Herbert Walker and Prescott Bush, predecessors of the current presi- dent.38 William R.Hearst, newspaper magnate and mid- wife of the war with Spain, actually employed Hitler, Mus- On December 8, 1941, the day after the solini and Goering as writers. He met Hitler in 1934 and bombing of Pearl Harbour, President used Readers’ Digest and his 33 newspapers to support fas- Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the U.S. cism and to oppose America’s entry into the war.39 declaration of war on Japan. Japan is put into the wrong and makes the first bad move — overt move.”42 In Day of Deceit: The Truth about FDR and Pearl Harbor, Robert Stinnett notes: “On November 15, 1941,.. -
EARTH OBSERVATION of OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
EARTH OBSERVATION of OCEAN ACIDIFICATION: The case of Nusa Penida, Kelungkung, East Bali FAJAR EKO PRIYANTO February, 2019 SUPERVISORS: Dr. ir. S. Salama Dr. ir. C. M. M. Mannaerts EARTH OBSERVATION of OCEAN ACIDIFICATION: The case of Nusa Penida, Kelungkung, East Bali Submitted by: FAJAR EKO PRIYANTO S6036074 Enschede, The Netherlands, February 2019 SUPERVISORS: Dr. ir. S. Salama Dr. ir. C. M. M. Mannaerts REPORT ASSESSMENT BOARD: Dr. ir. C. Van der Tol (Chairman) Dr. A. Hommerssom (External Examiner, WaterInsight) Submitted to: Department of Water Resources and Environmental Management (WREM) Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, The Netherlands DISCLAIMER This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the Faculty. ABSTRACT In this century, increasing carbon dioxide anthropogenic concentration in the atmosphere becomes an important issue which causes environmental problems such as global warming and ocean acidification. Oceans are known to act as a buffer in the ocean acidification. The key marine organisms such as fish and coral reef could diminish due to the difficulty to survive and sustain because of ocean acidification. Bali, an island in Indonesia has a good quality of coral cover can also be affected by ocean acidification. Monitoring the Sea Surface Total Alkalinity would help us to know how far our ocean can survive from additional acid due to ocean acidification. It could give us a better understanding of the correlation between ocean acidification and ecological condition. -
Record of the Istanbul Process 16/18 for Combating Intolerance And
2019 JAPAN SUMMARY REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS EVENT SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 3 PLENARY SESSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 7 LAUNCHING THE 2019 G20 INTERFAITH FORUM.......................................................................... 7 FORMAL FORUM INAUGURATION – WORKING FOR PEACE, PEOPLE, AND PLANET: CHALLENGES TO THE G20 ............................................................................................................... 14 WHY WE CAN HOPE: PEACE, PEOPLE, AND PLANET ................................................................. 14 ACTION AGENDAS: TESTING IDEAS WITH EXPERIENCE FROM FIELD REALITIES ........... 15 IDEAS TO ACTION .............................................................................................................................. 26 TOWARDS 2020 .................................................................................................................................... 35 CLOSING PLENARY ............................................................................................................................ 42 PEACE WORKING SESSIONS ................................................................................................................ 53 FROM VILE TO VIOLENCE: FREEDOM OF RELIGION & BELIEF & PEACEBUILDING ......... 53 THE DIPLOMACY OF RELIGIOUS PEACEBUILDING .................................................................. -
Interview with Paul Findley # IS-A-L-2013-002 Interview # 1: January 15, 2013 Interviewer: Mark Depue
Interview with Paul Findley # IS-A-L-2013-002 Interview # 1: January 15, 2013 Interviewer: Mark DePue The following material can be used for educational and other non-commercial purposes without the written permission of the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library. “Fair use” criteria of Section 107 of the Copyright Act of 1976 must be followed. These materials are not to be deposited in other repositories, nor used for resale or commercial purposes without the authorization from the Audio-Visual Curator at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library, 112 N. 6th Street, Springfield, Illinois 62701. Telephone (217) 785-7955 Note to the Reader: Readers of the oral history memoir should bear in mind that this is a transcript of the spoken word, and that the interviewer, interviewee and editor sought to preserve the informal, conversational style that is inherent in such historical sources. The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library is not responsible for the factual accuracy of the memoir, nor for the views expressed therein. We leave these for the reader to judge. DePue: Today is Tuesday, January 15, 2013. My name is Mark DePue. I’m the Director of Oral History with the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library. Today I’m in Jacksonville, Illinois, specifically, at Illinois College, Whipple Hall. I’m with Congressman Paul Findley. Good morning, sir. Findley: Good morning. DePue: I’ve been looking forward to this interview. I’ve started to read your autobiography. You’ve lived a fascinating life. Today I want to ask you quite a bit to get your story about growing up here in Jacksonville and your military experiences during World War II, and maybe a little bit beyond that, as well. -
Book Reviews
BOOK REVIEWS David Childs. Invading America: The cleverly written synthesis. Childs has an English Assault on the New World, 1497- excellent grasp of the material, and an 1630. Barnsley, S. Yorks.: Pen & Sword impressive command of the primary Books Limited, www.pen-and-sword.co.uk, sources. While his focus may be too broad 2012. xi + 306 pp., illustrations, maps, for specialist readers, Childs should be appendices, notes, bibliography, index. UK commended for attempting to blaze a new £25.00, cloth; ISBN 978-1-84832-145-8. trail into this well-trodden territory. Childs’ declared timeframe is the Historians since Hakluyt have remarked on “long sixteenth century,” from John Cabot England’s slowness in establishing New to John Winthrop. The information on World colonies, especially in comparison Cabot is sketchy in the extreme, however, with her rival, Spain. David Childs seeks to and the author focuses almost exclusively explain the widespread failure of early on the period between Frobisher’s first English colonies by viewing them as voyage in 1576 and the Jamestown beachheads in an extended amphibious massacre of 1622. A literature review campaign. Childs identifies the factors identifies the intellectual underpinnings for crucial for successful amphibious New World voyages, ranging from John operations, which, when absent, doomed Donne to the King James Bible. The failure would-be settlers from Baffin Island to the of the Roanoke colony on the windswept Carolinas. These factors included proper reconnaissance and intelligence, sufficient Carolina Outer Banks is used to illustrate forces and supplies, realistic objectives, the importance of proper reconnaissance effective naval forces and joint command, and site selection. -
Air Raid Colombo, 5 April 1942: the Fully Expected Surprise Attack
THE ROYAL CANADIAN AIR FORCE JOURNAL VOL. 3 | NO. 4 FALL 2014 Air Raid Colombo, 5 April 1942: The Fully Expected Surprise Attack B Y RO B E R T S TUA R T Introduction n the morning of 5 April 1942, a force of 127 aircraft from the five aircraft carriers of Kido Butai (KdB), the Imperial Japanese Navy’s carrier task force, attacked Colombo, O the capital and principal port of the British colony of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). This was no bolt from the blue, however. The defenders had been preparing for weeks for just such an eventuality. Reconnaissance aircraft had detected KdB’s approach the previous afternoon and tracked it during the night. The defending aircraft and anti-aircraft (AA) guns had come to full readiness before first light and were supported by an operational radar station. The defending fighters were nevertheless still on the ground when the Japanese aircraft arrived and were not scrambled until the pilots themselves saw the attackers overhead. As a result, the defenders lost 20 of the 41 fighters that took off, while the Japanese lost only seven aircraft. So what happened? Was there a problem with the radar, did someone blunder, or was there some other explanation? This article is a first look into why the defenders were caught on the ground. Reinforcements On 7 December 1941, the air defences of Ceylon consisted of four obsolescent three-inch AA guns at Trincomalee. The only Royal Air Force (RAF) unit was 273 Squadron at China Bay, near Trincomalee, with four Vildebeests and four Seals, both of which were obsolete biplane torpedo aircraft. -
Climate Change Conference 2007
1 climate chanuge cnonference 2OO7 c o n t e n t CONFERENCE OUTLINE 2 GENERAL INFORMATION 3 ACCOMMODATION 10 OPTIONAL TOURS 18 PRE / POST-CONFERENCE TOURS 19 conference outline general information CONFERENCE DATES 3 - 14 December 2007 VENUE Bali International Convention Centre (BICC) P.O. Box 36, Nusa Dua, Bali 80363, INDONESIA 2 Tel. (62 361) 771 906 3 Fax. (62 361) 772 047 http://www.baliconvention.com OVERVIEW SCHEDULE Thirteenth session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 13) Third session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP 3) Twenty-seventh session of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA 27) Twenty-seventh session of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI 27) Resumed fourth session of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I INDONESIA Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG 4) Situated between two continents and two oceans, the Indian and Pacific oceans, Indonesia is the Note: world's largest archipelago comprising some 17,508 islands that stretch across the equator for This schedule is intended to assist participants with their planning prior to attending the sessions. more than 5,000 miles. Straddling the equator, Indonesia is distinctly tropical with two seasons: It will be updated as new information becomes available on the website of the United Nations dry and rainy season. With its geographical location in South East Asia, Indonesia is accessible for Framework Convention on Climate change <unfccc.int>. Once the sessions are underway, please delegates regardless of the region they are from. -
The Professionalisation of the Indonesian Military
The Professionalisation of the Indonesian Military Robertus Anugerah Purwoko Putro A thesis submitted to the University of New South Wales In fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities and Social Sciences July 2012 STATEMENTS Originality Statement I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project's design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged. Copyright Statement I hereby grant to the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all property rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. Authenticity Statement I certify that the Library deposit digital copy is a direct equivalent of the final officially approved version of my thesis. -
From Famine to Feast: the Give and Take of Food in a Global Subsistence Environment, 1-23
PACIFIC STUDIES Vol. 34, No.1 April 2011 FROM FAMINE TO FEAST: THE GIVE AND TAKE OF FOOD IN A GLOBAL SUBSISTENCE ENVIRONMENT Laurence M. Carucci Montana State University Food is the primary transac:tional sllbstance fClr EnewetakJUjdang peoplp I Hepllhlic of the Marshall Islands} and its prodllction, preparation, conslllnp tion and exchange arc central to how local people fashion and maintain social relationships ami how they construct identities. At the Salllf~ time. while the constitlltive properties of (ClOd have remained culturally vigorous, the foods thelllseives have changed radically under colonialism. In particular, rehabilita tion attelllpts in tl](' post-nllclear testing era on Enewdak introdllced extraor dinary rapid dietary changes in the cOlllnlllnity and resulted in the OllSpt of an epidemic of sedentary illnesses. The social practices that relate to (ClOd production and consllmption arc explored in this article providing a lens into the shifting ways in which viahle and vihrant id('ntities arc managed. A close collSideration of these (cl()(l-fl,lated practices also highlights the impact of an l'nlerging SC{'lIario of (lreign (lod dependency on the {'veryclay lives of lI){'mbers of this increasingly divPfse atoll sOl'idy. THE FOOD PRACTICES OF TIlE ENEWETAKIUJELANG COMMUNITY have shifted in dircct relation with changes in the social and environmental setting. Rather thall hringing stahility and a healthful life to the community as a whole and to its individual Jllembers, increasing colonial involvement has hrought greater instability. In particular, the community's unf()rtunatc involvement with U.S. nuclear testing ()llowing World War II not only increased people's anxieties about f(l()(is, it intensified the effects of global ization. -
Lawsuit Seeks Japanese Government Compensation for Siberian Detention
Volume 7 | Issue 48 | Number 1 | Article ID 3261 | Nov 30, 2009 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Lawsuit Seeks Japanese Government Compensation for Siberian Detention: Who was Responsible for Abandoning Japanese Soldiers and Settlers in Mainland Asia After World War II? 連載特集 法廷で裁かれる日本の戦争責任４０。賠償起訴の 始まり シベリア抑留国家賠償請求起訴日本政府の棄兵、棄民政策を問 う。 Murai Toyoaki Lawsuit Seeks Japanese Government Declaration—August 15, 19453—the Soviet Compensation for SiberianUnion declared war against Japan on August 8, Detention: Who was Responsible for 1945, renouncing the Japan-Soviet Neutrality Treaty of 1941. The USSR immediately crossed Abandoning Japanese Soldiers and the borders of northeast China (Manchuria), Settlers in Mainland Asia After northern Korea, and southern Sakhalin (which World War II? were all Japanese colonies), and the Kuril Islands. They engaged in combat with the Japanese army in these areas. Even after the Murai Toyoaki Potsdam Declaration’s de facto ending of World War II, fighting between Japan and the Soviet Nobuko ADACHI translator Union continued through early September until Why Compensation? a cease fire was declared. 4 We submitted a “Request for Compensation for Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union Siberian Detention” to the Kyoto Local Court and the Head of the National Defense on December 26, 2007, seeking redress from Committee of the USSR, on August 23, 1945 the Japanese government. We are asking for issued the top secret order “Regarding the ¥30,000,0001 for each plaintiff as compensation Arrest of Half a Million Japanese Soldiers: How (and accepting ¥10,000,0002 compensation as and Where to Detain Them, and How to Utilize partial settlement). -
B Military Service Report
West Seneca Answers the Call to Arms Residents in World War II Town of West Seneca, New York Name: BABULSKI JOSEPH C. Address: Service Branch:ARMY - AIR FORCE Rank: CPL Unit / Squadron: 93RD AIRDROME SQUADRON Medals / Citations: ASIATIC-PACIFIC CAMPAIGN RIBBON 2 BATTLE STARS WORLD WAR II VICTORY MEDAL AMERICAN CAMPAIGN MEDAL ARMY AIR FORCES TECHNICIAN AP MECHANIC BADGE GOOD CONDUCT MEDAL Theater of Operations / Assignment: PACIFIC THEATER Service Notes: Corporal Joseph Babulski was stationed in Australia and saw action during the battles for New Guinea and Luzon in the Philippines, earning Corporal Babulski 3 Battle Stars Base Assignments: Miscelleaneous: Airdrome Squadrons were designed to provide the minimum number of personnel to run an air base for a limited time / Aviation Engineers would prepare a landing ground, then an Airdrome Squadron would start it running until a combat group, station complement squadron, service squadron, and/or various Army - Air Force units arrived to operate the base The Army Air Forces Technician AP Mechanic Badge was a badge of the United States Army Air Forces awarded to denote special training and qualifications held by the members of the Army Air Force The Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Ribbon (Medal) was a military awarded to any member of the United States Military who served in the Pacific Theater from 1941 to 1945 Battle (Combat) Stars were presented to military personnel who were engaged in specific battles in combat under circumstances involving grave danger of death or serious bodily injury from enemy action The American Campaign Medal/Ribbon (also known as the (ATO) American Theater of Operations Ribbon) was a military award of the United States Armed Forces which was first created on November 6, 1942 by President 2014 WWW.WSVET.ORG West Seneca Answers the Call to Arms Residents in World War II Town of West Seneca, New York Franklin D.