Tales in an Underground Landscape

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LARS CHRISTIAN KOFOED RØMER KOFOED CHRISTIAN LARS DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY university of copenhagen FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES faculty of social sciences UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN · DENMARK PHD THESIS 2018 · ISBN 978-87-7209-158-7

LARS CHRISTIAN KOFOED RØMER Tales in an Underground Landscape Anthropological Excursions in the Danish Island of Bornholm Tales in an Underground Landscape · Anthropological Excursions in the Danish Island of Bornholm

Tales in an Underground Landscape Anthropological Excursions in the Danish Island of Bornholm PhD thesis 2018 · Lars Christian Kofoed Rømer LARS CHRISTIAN KOFOED RØMER KOFOED CHRISTIAN LARS DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY university of copenhagen FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES faculty of social sciences UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN · DENMARK PHD THESIS 2018 · ISBN 978-87-7209-158-7

Tales in an Underground Landscape Anthropological Excursions in the Danish Island of Bornholm PhD thesis 2018 · Lars Christian Kofoed Rømer

Tales in an Underground Landscape Anthropological Excursions in the Danish Island of Bornholm

Tales in an Underground Landscape Anthropological Excursions in the Danish Island of Bornholm PhD thesis by Lars Christian Kofoed Rømer

Danish Folklore Archives Department of Anthropology Royal Danish Library Faculty of Social Sciences University of Copenhagen

Submitted: January 2018

Supervisor: Kirsten Blinkenberg Hastrup Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Copenhagen

This PhD is funded by the Danish Council for Independent Research|Humanities (FKK) (grant no. 4089-00034B)

ISBN 978-87-7209-158-7 (Printed book) ISBN 978-87-7209-168-6 (E-book) Printed by SL grafik, Frederiksberg, Denmark (slgrafik.dk)

Europe has two histories: a well-known, written history and an underground history. The latter consists in the fate of the human instincts and passions, which are displaced and distorted by civilization.

Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer – The Importance of the Body, Dialectic of Enlightenment,

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Contents

Acknowledgements

Tables: List of Figures

Introduction: An Opening of Bornholm’s Landscape 1 Elements of Bornholm’s Landscape

1. Subterranean Secrets: A History of Silencing and Revelations 24

2. Childhood Landscapes: Animist Education and the Eruption of Wildness 45 Children’s Tales

3. Monumental Affects: Megaliths, Beacons, and Round Mounds 66 “Hello Holy Woman”

4. Cultivating Wilderness: Hunting and Companionship 85

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iv ommnal crsons aln rd eoraphes Three Hors in the aradise Hills irst teps ocs of e and the ense of lterity nto the WeatherWorld Walin to ase nscriptions ain a momentary ar Walin Hyrid eoraphies

6. Photographic Memories: Montaging a Town’s Decline sense of Tonship eiin Tonship Epic theatre eepin Loss lie toethnoraphical ontaes

erran o errors sorcal remors and elec as sal mmirant ocs – Terror and ncertainty rom Elsehere olice and Bas of Blood isrepresentational aps hierin onds elect and esination as sal emoteness and a eripheral Center of ttention

he erranean rm elec and a eleense sland To Wolfsen The Emerence of nderrond orces nternal lterity and a Call for olidarity Waes of Enchantment and recarios atriotism The oetics of elfefense and ational Belonin

nearhn he as eal eecn roecon and ahern rehsor The eil and anef tealin from ast and resent ners terranean nishment and a ense of rotection Cltiatin rehistoric Enconters The Contaios aic of Historical ntimacy atherin the ast and Becomin History Trnin the Layers Collectin a Landscape

onclson he hronoeherness and enchness o a Landscape

Bibliography

English Summary

Dansk Resumé

v Acknowledgements

alter one’s

vi s te ast tree ears ae entale ontless otes eteen oe on ornol an te oal ans rar an nerst s to eten eartelt ratte to sster alla rens as sen asar lle an ara an ter artners an lren or allon e to sen an a nt n ter oes n ornol s to tan rens an al n artlar oter an nlas or ter ontnos sort atene an assstane oreoer a eel nete to te neros ersons o ea n ter on a ae artate n te oraton o te etnora ontent o ts or t reset to te ersonal stores te ae sare all t tose o nsste on aearn t ter atal naes ae een anone n te tet an tereore annot e nae et ant to eress ratte to te all or ter llnness to allo e to at a lse o te stores stores eotons an sensatons tat or ea o te ae te lansae te le n an moved through. At Bornholm’s se nn le elsen ne arsen olas aretta an ners l esere seal tans or eln e naate te as oets an storal rtns on ornol an ao errnansen or allon e to artate n oal eetns at te se an or sortn or ast t ost ortantl annot en to eress loe an araton or e aa or er ontnos sort tot er llnness to enre te reent eros o sal an ental asene er atene n lstenn to onstant tal o tns nerron an er relentless tean t onerll onros aters ra an aa n ter ont eorts to ee lln e to te srae ol neer ae ae t tro eate ts or to o

ars rstan ooe er ser anar

vii Tables: Maps and Figures

gure . he Blt e gure . Bornholm . gure . helves n the nsh ollore Arhve gure . vend rundtvg nsh ollore Arhves gure . Figure 5.Georg Josefsen, ca. 1900 (Bornholm’s Museum) gure . Locations of Bornholm’s entrenchments (Contains data from gure . rlle Blle ostrd – “All in a nutshell” gure . Bonavedde’s Farm and the mound Falhøj, as photographed by Ella Ellekilde in 1927 gure . Arheologl vton ste gure . The carpenter’s truck and Bokul in the background gure . Where Edith’s father s the uterrnens gure . Children’s drawings of uterrnens gure . Borlus Brthd e gure . he one tone n dlght gure . he shortl ter her eerene Figure 16. Thea’s drawing of the lttle mn s she rells hm Figure 17. Viola’s pump Figure 18. Viola’s drawing and description of the“gnome” or “little devil” Figure 19. Viola’s drawing of her childhood landscape gure . ol omn n nsen Bornholm’s Museum) gure . ne o the rrn lts seen rom the to Figure 22. N. Lund’s drawing of Tudehøj with lt Figure 23. Niels’s Mocking Mound in spring Figure 24. N. Lund’s drawing of mounds with megaliths gure 25. “Evening in a hunting tower”, drawn by author gure . t de rde gure . ree on the ros gure . lng through rnsom gure . uterrnen on tree Benedte gre nsen

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viii Figure 30. ce rgan 121 Figure 31. assing and pausing at the Alterstone with cupmarks 126 Figure 32. Map of Neø and surrounding area 129 Figure 33. Tale from bsker recorded by Andrea Jensen in 1945, F 190623 top 674 132 Figure 34. Map From abkkegrd in the west to the ound Mound orrehøj 133 (urehøj) at the coast Figure 35. The fountain – “Air bombed by the Russians 1945” 140 Figure 36. eassembled ubterranean, photo by arsten 157 Figure 37. Bornholm inserted in a suare 160 Figure 38. “Rejoice Bornholmers…” 160 Figure 39. “1945. This House Remained Standing” 168 Figure 40. “Two ubterranean Soldiers”, Sabber 1981,The Museum of Defence, Bornholm 172 Figure 41. “We will not let this happen again…”, The entrenchment, commemorative stones, 177 and hooting ociety Figure 42. Ellestingeren and his army as depicted on ispebjerg, Naturstyrelsen 182 Figure 43. “It may well carry freedom” 193 Figure 44. “The law of the youth is conscience….” 193 Figure 45. belisk and ammershus 196 Figure 46.“The people broke its foreign yoke, where the rock breaks the sea….” 196 Figure 47. winging a metal detector. rawing by author 198 Figure 48. “That’s the intervention of the Devil” 200 Figure 49. “Heavensent” 200 Figure 50. er and the reassembled remains of the urn 206 Figure 51. The Boat Ae. hoto en Laursen 207 Figure 52. Guldgubbe as laus found it on the surface. Foto by laus 208 Figure 53. Guldgubbe, close up. Foto by laus 208 Figure 54. Collecting the past on your face. laus and the author 219 Figure 55. “New” megalith at Hammerslet. 232

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The Baltic Sea Figure 1. Figure

x Figure 2. Bornholm ca. 1900

Figure 3. Shelves in the Danish Folklore Archive

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