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Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen Ve Tasavvufî Görüşleri

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Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen Ve Tasavvufî Görüşleri SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TEMEL İSLAM BİLİMLERİ ANA BİLİM DALI TASAVVUF BİLİM DALI ÖMER NASUHİ BİLMEN VE TASAVVUFÎ GÖRÜŞLERİ ŞERİFE BERBEROĞLU YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ DANIŞMAN PROF. DR. DİLAVER GÜRER Bu çalışma ……………………… tarafından …… nolu YL/Doktora tez projesi olarak desteklenmiştir. KONYA – 2011 i ii İÇİNDEKİLER ÖMER NASUHİ BİLMEN VE TASAVVUFÎ GÖRÜŞLERİ İÇİNDEKİLER ...................................................................................................................... i BİLİMSEL ETİK SAYFASI .................................................................................................ii YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ KABUL FORMU ........................................................................ iii ÖNSÖZ ................................................................................................................................ iv ÖZET ................................................................................................................................... vi SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ vii KISALTMALAR ...............................................................................................................viii GİRİŞ ÖMER NASUHİ BİLMEN A- HAYATI .......................................................................................................................... 1 B- ESERLERİ ....................................................................................................................... 7 C- İLMİ ŞAHSİYETİ .......................................................................................................... 14 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM TASAVVUFUN BAZI TEMEL KAVRAMLARI VE ÖMER NASUHİ BİLMEN’İN BU KAVRAMLARA BAKIŞI A- İNSAN MANEVÎ YAPISI İLE İLGİLİ KAVRAMLAR ................................................ 22 I. Akıl .................................................................................................................... 22 II. Kalp .................................................................................................................... 32 III. Ruh ..................................................................................................................... 40 IV. Nefs .................................................................................................................... 50 B- MAKAM VE HALLER İLE İLGİLİ KAVRAMLAR ..................................................... 60 I. Tevbe ................................................................................................................. 60 II. Sabır ................................................................................................................... 69 III. Zühd .................................................................................................................. 74 IV. İhlâs .................................................................................................................... 79 V. Tevekkül ............................................................................................................ 85 VI. Zikir................................................................................................................... 92 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM TASAVVUFUN BELLİ BAŞLI BAZI KONULARI VE ÖMER NASUHİ BİLMEN’İN BU KONULAR HAKKINDAKİ GÖRÜŞLERİ A- TEVHÎD....................................................................................................................... 100 B- TASAVVUF................................................................................................................. 106 C- MARİFETULLAH ...................................................................................................... 113 D- SOHBET ..................................................................................................................... 121 SONUÇ ............................................................................................................................ 127 BİBLİYOGRAFYA ......................................................................................................... 129 i T.C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü BİLİMSEL ETİK SAYFASI Bu tezin proje safhasından sonuçlanmasına kadarki bütün süreçlerde bilimsel etiğe ve akademik kurallara özenle riayet edildiğini, tez içindeki bütün bilgilerin etik davranış ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu, ayrıca tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada başkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel kurallara uygun olarak atıf yapıldığını bildiririm. ŞERİFE BERBEROĞLU (İmza) ii iii ÖNSÖZ Tasavvuf, İslâm’ın kalbî ve ruhî hayatını, Hz. Peygamber’in (Sav) ve O’nun “Üsve-i Hasene” kimliğini en iyi bir şekilde model almaya çalışan sahabilerin hayatlarını yaşama arzusundan doğmuştur. Nitekim Cibrîl hadisinde geçen iman, İslâm ve ihsan kavramlarının her birisi ayrı bir ilim dalını meydana getirmiş; iman Akâid-Kelâm, İslâm Fıkıh ilmini, ihsan ise Tasavvuf ilmini oluşturmuştur. Kişinin Allah’ın kendisini gördüğünü bilerek düşünme ve davranma şuuru olan ihsan, imanın ve İslâm’ın ileri derecesidir. Bu bakımdan çok geniş bir birikim ve alana sahip olan Tasavvuf, ilimlerin özü ve esasıdır diyebiliriz. Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen’in de ifade ettiği gibi “ruhun arındırılmasına yönelik olan tasavvuf, aslî ilimlerdendir.” Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen, Osmanlı Devleti’nin son ve Cumhuriyet’in ilk yılları arasında İslâmî ilimler alanında yetişmiş değerli şahsiyetlerden biridir. Yaşadığı dönem itibariyle Bilmen, İslâm tarihinde önemli bir konumda bulunmaktadır. Çünkü son devrin problemlerine bir ilim adamı edasıyla yaklaşması ona büyük bir değer kazandırmaktadır. İdarî ve ilmî alanlarda önemli görevlerde bulunan Bilmen, küçük yaşlardan itibaren ilim ve yazı hayatına başlamış, ömrünün sonuna kadar da ilmî çalışmalarını devam ettirmiştir. Tefsir, fıkıh, kelâm gibi birçok İslâmî ilimler alanında eserler kaleme almıştır. Bilmen’in baskısı yüz binleri bulan bu eserleri ders kitabı olarak da okutulmuştur. Toplum hayatını etkileyecek önemli eserler kaleme alan büyük âlimlerin hayatlarını bilmek, ilimlerinden ve tecrübelerinden istifade etmek ve ibret almak önemli bir ihtiyaçtır. Nitekim bu çalışmamızın amacı, yakın dönem Türk fikir ve ilim tarihinin önemli şahsiyetlerinden biri olan ve müfessir ve fakîh kimliği ile daha çok tanınan Bilmen’i, tasavvuf ilminin konularına ve kavramlarına yaklaşımlarını ortaya koymak amacıyla incelemeye çalıştık. Bir giriş ve iki bölümden oluşan bu çalışmamızın giriş bölümünde, Bilmen’in hayatı, eserleri ve ilmi şahsiyetinden bahsettik. Birinci bölümde, Bilmen’in tasavvufun insan psikolojisi ile ilgili kavramlardan bazıları olan akıl, kalp, ruh, nefs ve yine makam ve haller ile ilgili olan tevbe, zühd, tevekkül gibi bazı kavramlar etrafındaki görüşlerini ele aldık. İkinci bölümde ise, tasavvufun bazı konu ve meselelerine ilişkin görüşlerinden bahsettik. Bu çalışmayı yaparken, öncelikle bazı tasavvufî kavramların lügat ve ıstılâhî manalarını vermeye çalıştık. Akabinde ise Bilmen’in görüşlerini değerlendirmek amacıyla iv klâsik tasavvuf kaynakları bağlamında konuları işledik. Ayrıca tasavvuf alanında isimleri temayüz etmiş olan bazı önemli şahsiyetlerin görüşlerine yer verdik. Bu çalışmamızın tüm safhasında her türlü yardımını esirgemeyen ve bizlere rehberlik eden başta kıymetli Danışmam hocam Prof. Dr. Dilaver GÜRER olmak üzere, Doç. Dr. Hülya KÜÇÜK’e, maddi ve manevi desteğiyle her zaman yanımda olan eşime ve dostlarıma en içten duygularımla teşekkür eder, ömürlerinin uzun ve bereketli geçmesini Yüce Mevlâ’dan niyaz ederim. Başarı, Allah’ın lütfu iledir. Şerife BERBEROĞLU Konya-2011 v T.C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Adı Soyadı Şerife BERBEROĞLU Numarası: 084244061003 Ana Bilim / Temel İslam Bilimleri / Bilim Dalı Tasavvuf Bilim Dalı Öğrencinin Danışmanı Prof. Dr. Dilaver GÜRER Tezin Adı Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen Ve Tasavvufî Görüşleri ÖZET Tasavvuf, İslam’ın kalbî ve rûhî hayatını Hz. Peygamber (S.A.V) ve O’nun “Üsve-i Hasene” kimliğini en iyi şekilde model almaya çalışan sahabîlerin hayatlarını yaşama arzusundan doğmuştur. İman Akaid-Kelam, İslam Fıkıh, İhsan ise Tasavvuf ilmini oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada yakın çağımızda yaşamış ve bir çok alanda önemli eserleri bulunan Bilmen’in Tasavvuf ilmine, konularına ve kavramlarına yaklaşımları ele alınmıştır. Çalışmamız bir giriş ve iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde Bilmen’in hayatı, eserleri ve ilmî şahsiyetini kısaca ele aldık. Bilmen’in küçük yaşta ilim tahsiline başlaması ve bunu aşk, ihlas ve takva ile süsleyerek ömrünün sonuna kadar sürdürmesi ise genç nesiller için model oluşturmaktadır. Birinci bölümde Bilmen’in tasavvufun insan psikolojisi ile ilgili kavramları olan akıl, kalp, ruh, nefs, makam ve haller ile ilgili olan tevbe, zühd, tevekkül gibi kavramlar etrafındaki görüşlerini ele aldık. Bu kavramlarda Bilmen ile sûfîlerin aynı eksende buluştuklarını görmekteyiz. İkinci bölümde ise tasavvufun bazı konu ve meselelerini inceleyerek Bilmen’in bu konudaki düşüncelerine yer verdik. Bilmen’in her ne kadar tasavvuf ilmine dair müstakil bir eseri yoksa da, eserlerinde tasavvufî kavram ve konulara geniş yer ayırdığını, sûfîlerin görüşlerinden istifade ettiğini görmekteyiz. Tasavvufu benimseyen ve İslam’ın özünde bulunan bir esas olarak kabul eden Bilmen, Tasavvufun Kur’an ve Sünnete bağlı olan özünü korumaya çalışmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ömer Nasuhi BİLMEN, Allah, Tasavvuf, Ruh, Nefs, Zühd, Tevekkül, Zikir, Marifetullah, Sohbet vi T.C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ
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