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A Hurritização Das Conceções Mitológicas De Poder No Império Hitita Autor(Es)

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A Hurritização Das Conceções Mitológicas De Poder No Império Hitita Autor(Es) A hurritização das conceções mitológicas de poder no império hitita Autor(es): Galhano, João Paulo Publicado por: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra URL persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/45215 DOI: DOI:https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-1626-1_6 Accessed : 6-Oct-2021 18:01:32 A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em https://digitalis.uc.pt/pt-pt/termos. Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso. pombalina.uc.pt digitalis.uc.pt Estas «Arqueologias de Império» consistem em 17 estudos que abrangem as várias áreas de HVMANITAS SVPPLEMENTVM • ESTUDOS MONOGRÁFICOS investigação da Antiguidade. A partir das fontes bíblicas, propõe-se uma estruturação de ISSN: 2182-8814 categorias e uma organização de semânticas como possíveis caminhos para o entendimento da ideia de «império». Para o caso egípcio, foca-se a problemática da periodização da História Apresentação: esta série destina-se a publicar estudos de fundo sobre um leque variado de egípcia e a terminologia utilizada para a definir. Para o universo dos impérios antigos da temas e perspetivas de abordagem (literatura, cultura, história antiga, arqueologia, história Mesopotâmia, trata-se a emergência da hegemonia paleobabilónica através da análise da arte, filosofia, língua e linguística), mantendo embora como denominador comum os da ideologia subjacente às políticas sociais e militares levadas a cabo por Hammurabi em Estudos Clássicos e sua projeção na Idade Média, Renascimento e receção na atualidade. dois momentos cruciais da história da Babilónia. Para o espaço da Anatólia e do território 58 OBRA PUBLICADA fenício/siro-palestinense, recorre-se a um método que colhe nas narrativas mítico-religiosas COM A COORDENAÇÃO elementos para o estudo das realidades políticas e apresenta-se uma reflexão sobre CIENTÍFICA Imperialismo no mundo colonial fenício. As civilizações e sociedades neomesopotâmicas estão representadas por estudos sobre contextos de violência, acerca de Jeremias e do Breve nota curricular sobre os autores do volume Império Neobabilónico, sobre Nabónido e ainda sobre os diferentes comportamentos dos reis da região relativamente ao culto de Marduk. Podemos também ler textos sobre a Arqueologias Delfim F. Leão é Professor Catedrático do Instituto de Estudos Clássicos e investigador do Centro teorização política que Heródoto apresenta relativamente aos Persas e acerca das rainhas de Estudos Clássicos e Humanísticos da Universidade de Coimbra. As suas principais áreas de na Pérsia Antiga. De igual modo, sobre o período helenístico, reflete-se sobre o papel e a interesse científico são a história antiga, o direito e a teorização política dos Gregos, a pragmática importância da mulher na sociedade helenística, especialmente no que diz respeito à esfera de Império teatral e a escrita romanesca antiga. Tem-se dedicado igualmente à área das Humanidades do poder. Nos últimos quatro estudos, propõe-se uma genealogia conceptual para a ideia Digitais. de imperium no mundo romano, através da sua historiografia, sugerindo-se ainda uma ideia de globalização para o mundo romano tardio. de Império Arqueologias José Augusto Martins Ramos é Professor Emérito da FLUL, licenciado em Teologia (Instituto Católico de Toulouse 1969), Ciências Bíblicas e Orientais (Instituto Bíblico de Roma, 1972), doutorado em História Antiga (Universidade de Lisboa, 1989). Áreas de trabalho: Hebraico, Acádico, Ugarítico; História da Antiguidade Pré-Clássica e História das Culturas da Antiguidade , Pré-Clássica; História Comparada das Religiões Pré-Clássicas; Literaturas Pré-Clássicas; História .) S MOS RD do Cristianismo Antigo; tradutor e coordenador científico, desde 1972 até ao presente, em A R COO vários projetos e modelos diferentes de tradução da Bíblia, em colaboração com a Sociedade ( Bíblica, a Difusora Bíblica e a Conferência Episcopal Portuguesa. Além do trabalho de tradução e UGUSTO IGUES A coordenação, as suas numerosas publicações inscrevem-se na variedade de temáticas referidas. DR O OSÉ R , J EÃO IMÕES Nuno Simões Rodrigues é Doutor em Letras, especialidade de História da Antiguidade Clássica. L S O N Professor da Universidade de Lisboa e investigador dos Centros de História e de Estudos Clássicos U ELFIM Delfim Leão, José Augusto Ramos, N D da ULisboa e de Estudos Clássicos e Humanísticos da UCoimbra. Tem-se dedicado ao estudo da Nuno Simões Rodrigues (coords.) cultura grega (mitologia e religião), da sociedade e política romanas do fim da República e início do Principado e da receção de temas clássicos no cinema. Publicou «Iudaei in Vrbe. Os Judeus em Roma do tempo de Pompeio ao tempo dos Flávios» (2007) e «Mitos e Lendas da Roma Antiga» (2ª ed. 2010). IMPRENSA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE COIMBRA COIMBRA UNIVERSITY PRESS Coimbra João Paulo Galhano A hurritização das conceções mitológicas de poder no império hitita1 (The hurritisation of mythological concepts of power in the Hittite Empire) João Paulo Galhano ([email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0003-4934-2696) Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, Centro de História «Assim disse Ḫupašiya a Inara: ‘Se me deito contigo, irei e cumprirei o desejo do teu coração.’ E ele deitou-se com ela.»2 Resumo - No presente estudo pesquisámos os processos de hurritização dos conteú- dos mitológicos hititas. Após análise da hurritização étnica do território da Anatólia, verificámos que, nos mitos de divindades ausentes, subsistem conceções de interde- pendência e correlação dos entes divinos, a par de uma tendência não hierárquica de organização do panteão anatólico antigo. Já o Mito de Illuyanka apresenta uma modalidade mitológica diferente, assente na luta entre um deus e uma força má. As narrativas hurritas trouxeram ao panteão anatólico estruturas que evidenciam ideias de realeza divina, de valorização do horizonte familiar e de diferenciação das instân- cias de poder. Os mitos hurritas trouxeram ainda dimensões temporais alargadas e uma encenação literária do poder. O mito O Desaparecimento do Deus Sol parece cru- zar elementos conceptuais que se podem encontrar nos mitos de divindades ausentes mas também outros que são típicos da mitologia de origem hurrita. Palavras-chave: Hititas; Hurritas; mitos; influência. Abstract – In this research article we looked for the hurrianization processes of the hittite mythological contents. After the analysis of the ethnic hurrianization of the Anatolian territory, we confirmed that, in the myths of disappearing gods, there is an idea of interdependence and correlation of divine agents, as well as a non-hierarchical tendency in the arrangement of the ancient Anatolian pantheon. The Illuyanka Tales show a different mythological mode, based in the fight between a god and an evil power. The Hurrian myths have brought to the Anatolian pantheon some narrative structures that include the idea of divine kingship, of emphasis on the familial order, and of differentiation of the power levels. Besides, the Hurrian myths have included a wide temporal dimension and the literary play-acting of power. The myth ofThe Disappearance of the Sun God seems to join elements found in the myths of disappea- ring gods and other ingredients typical of the Hurrian mythology. Keywords: Hittites; Hurrians; myths; influence. 1 Este trabalho foi apoiado por Fundos Nacionais através da FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia no âmbito do projeto UID/HIS/04311/2013. 2 CTH 321, Mito de Illuyanka, A obv. i 24 e ss. https://doi.org/10.14195/978‑989‑26‑1626‑1_6 107 A hurritização das conceções mitológicas de poder no império hitita A história hitita3 tem tido uma periodização similar à de outros reinos do Próximo Oriente Antigo (em sentido lato), designadamente o egípcio, dando lugar à divisão em Reino Antigo, Reino Médio e Reino Novo4. Alguns preferem simplificar o esquema e reduzir a história hitita a duas fases principais: o Reino Antigo e o Reino Novo, propondo a cisão no início do reinado de Tudḫaliya I, ou seja, no final do séc. XV ou início do séc. XIV a.C.5 Esta periodização, se reflete uma viragem na orientação política hitita, que a partir de Tudḫaliya I está sob o desígnio da conquista de terras longínquas na Síria e no oeste da Anatólia, não dá relevo ao momento de realização imperial conseguido com Šuppiluliuma I, cuja maior concretização aconteceu no domínio da diplomacia e da estratégia militar «internacional», resultando na anexação do reino hurrita do Mitanni e de vastas zonas no norte da Síria. A cultura religiosa e literária hitita do período imperial ficou marcada por um elevado grau de fusão da matriz autóctone hatiana com os aportes mítico- -religiosos hurritas, siríos e
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