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Grundzüge Der Geschichte Und Kulturen Des Alten Orient“ Literaturblatt 1 zur Vorlesung „Grundzüge der Geschichte und Kulturen des Alten Orient“ Ingomar Weiler (Hg.) 1995 Grundzüge der politischen Geschichte des Altertums. 2. Aufl. Wien-Köln: Böhlau; dort 1-30 „Frühe Hochkulturen“ von H. D. Galter & B. Scholz. Dietz Otto Edzard 2004 Geschichte Mesopotamiens. Von den Sumerern bis zu Alexander dem Großen. München: C.H. Beck. Hans Jörg Nissen 1983 Grundzüge einer Geschichte der Frühzeit des Vorderen Orients. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. (Die engl. Ausgabe „The Early History of the Ancient Near East. Chicago 1988 wurde erweitert). 1999 Geschichte Altvorderasiens. München: Oldenbourg (= Oldenbourg Grundriss der Geschichte 25). Wolfram von Soden 1992 Einführung in die Altorientalistik. 2. Aufl. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. Barthel Hrouda 1991 (Hg.): Der Alte Orient. Geschichte und Kultur des alten Vorderasien. Gütersloh. 1997 Mesopotamien. Die antiken Kulturen zwischen Euphrat und Tigris. München: C.H. Beck. Annie Caubet & Patrick Pouyssegur 2001 Der Alte Orient. Von 12.000 bis 300 v. Christus. Frechen: Komet MA. Roman Herzog 1998 Staaten der Frühzeit. Ursprünge und Herrschaftsformen. 2. Aufl. München: C. H. Beck. Seton Lloyd 1981 Die Archäologie Mesopotamiens. München: C.H. Beck. Erik Hornung 1992 Grundzüge der ägyptischen Geschichte 4. Aufl. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. 1993 Einführung in die Ägyptologie. Stand, Methoden, Aufgaben. 4. Aufl. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. Hermann A. Schlögl 2003 Das Alte Ägypten. München: C. H. Beck. Jan Assmann 2003 Ägypten. Eine Sinngeschichte. 3. Aufl. Frankfurt/M.: Fischer Tb. Manfred Clauss 2001 Das Alte Ägypten. Berlin: Alexander Fest Verl.. Giorgio Agnese 2001 Das Alte Ägypten. Kunst und Archäologie im Land der Pharaonen. Köln: K. Müller Verlag. 1 Literaturblatt 2 zur Vorlesung „Grundzüge der Geschichte und Kulturen des Alten Orient“ Horst Klengel et al. 1989 Kulturgeschichte des alten Vorderasien. Berlin: Akademie Verlag. Amelie Kuhrt 1995 The Ancient Near East, c. 3000—330 B. C. 2 Bde. Marc Van De Mieroop 2004 A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 BC. Oxford: Blackwell. Mario Liverani 1988 Antico Oriente. Storia società economia. Roma-Bari: Laterza. J. Nicholas Postgate 1992 Early Mesopotamia. Society and Economy at the Dawn of History. London- New York: Routledge. Harriet Crawford 1991 Sumer and the Sumerians. Cambridge. Gebhard J. Selz 2005 Sumerer und Akkader. Geschichte, Gesellschaft, Kultur. München: C. H. Beck. Michael Jursa 2004 Die Babylonier. Geschichte, Gesellschaft, Kultur. München: C. H. Beck. Eva Cancik-Kirschbaum 2003 Die Assyrer. Geschichte, Gesellschaft, Kultur. München: C. H. Beck. Horst Klengel 1992 Syria 3000 to 300 B. C. A Handbook of Political History. Berlin. Trevor Bryce 1998 The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford: Claredon. Elizabeth Carter, Matthew W. Stolper 1984 Elam. Surveys of political history and archaeology. Berkeley-Los Angeles. Gernot Wilhelm 1982 Grundzüge der Geschichte und Kultur der Hurriter. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. Mirjo Salvini 1995 Geschichte und Kultur der Urartäer. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. Richard N. Frye 1984 The History of Ancient Iran. München (= Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft III. 7). Klaus Schippmann 1980 Grundzüge der parthischen Geschichte. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. 1990 Grundzüge der Geschichte des sasanidischen Reiches. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. 1998 Geschichte der altsüdarabischen Reiche. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. Hans J. Nissen & Peter Heine 2003 Von Mesopotamien zum Irak. Kleine Geschichte eines alten Landes. Berlin: Wagenbach (= WAT 485). 2 Archäologische Historische Sprachstufe Periode Epoche 7000 Neolithikum 6500 6000 5500 5000 Chalkolithikum Halaf 4500 4000 Al-Ubaid 3500 3000 Uruk Archaisch 2900 frühe Bronzezeit I Djemdet Nasr 2800 2700 2600 II Früdynastisch I Altsumerisch 2500 II 2400 III 2300 III Akkad Altakkadisch 2200 2100 Ur III Neusumerisch 2000 mittlere Bronzezeit I Isin/Larsa Altbabylonisch 1900 1800 Altassyrische Zeit Altassyrisch 1700 II Babylon I. / Mari 1600 1500 Spätbronzezeit I Kassitenzeit/ Mittelbabylonisch 1400 Mitannizeit Mittelassyrisch 1300 II Mittelassyrische 1200 Zeit 1100 Isin II Zeit 1000 Eisenzeit Assyrische Neuassyrisch 900 Großreichszeit 800 Neubabylonisch 700 (Jungbabylonisch) 600 Chaldäer Spätbabylonisch 500 Perserzeit Achämeniden 400 300 Hellenismus Seleukiden 200 100 Partherzeit Asarkiden Zeitenwende 3 Quellenmaterial aus Mesopotamien I. Alltagsdokumente (singuläre Texte, für den Gebrauch) A. Urkunden 1. Staatsdokumente: Edikte, Erlässe, kudurru, Staatsverträge etc. 2. Verwaltungsurkunden 3. Wirtschaftsurkunden 4. Rechtsurkunden B. Korrespondenz 1. Gottesbriefe 2. königliche, diplomatische und offizielle 3. private 4. wissenschaftliche (inkl. Orakelanfragen und -berichte) C. Etiketten 1. Gefäße mit Maßangaben, Gewichte 2. Tags und Bullen 3. Bibliotheksetiketten, Kolophone 4. Vermerke II. Monumentalinschriften (viele Kopien oder singulär, für die Nachwelt) A. Königsinschriften 1. Votivinschriften 2. Kommemorativinschriften (Bauinschriften, Tatenberichte) 3. Grabinschriften 4. Identifikations-Inschriften 5. Siegellegenden 6. Epigraphe B. Privatinschriften 1. Votivinschriften 2. Kommemorativinschriften (Bauinschriften, Tatenberichte) 3. Grabinschriften 4. Siegellegenden 4 III. Literarische Texte (viele oder wenige Kopien, für Eliten) A. gebundene Formen 1. Mythen und Epen 2. Hymnen, Gebete, Klagen und Bußpsalmen 3. Gebetsbeschwörungen 4. Dialoge 5. kultische Liebeslyrik, weltliche Lieder B. ungebundene Formen (Prosa) 1. Erzählungen, Märchen und Fabeln 2. literarische Briefe, Gottesbriefe (?) 3. historisch-lehrhafte Dichtung 4. politische Propagandaliteratur 5. Prophetien, (Apokalypsen ?) 6. Weisheitslehren C. kleine Formen 1. Witze 2. Rätsel 3. Sprichwörter und Sinnsprüche, Epigramme 4. Zaubersprüche IV. Wissenschaftliche Texte (viele Kopien, für Eliten) A. Listen 1. Königs-, Daten-, Eponymen-, Götter-, Tempellisten 2. grammatische, lexikalische, thematische 3. medizinische, pharmakologische, geographische, musikalische etc. 4. Autorenlisten, literarische Kataloge B. Sammlungen 1. Chroniken 2. Omina 3. Hemerologien, Kalendertexte 4. Beschwörungen 5. astronomische Tagebücher 6. Kodizes 7. Rezepte, Therapien 8. wissenschaftliche Aufgaben 9. magische Beschreibungen C. Kommentare 1. Wortkommentare 2. Textkommentare 3. Listenkommentare 4. Sachkommentare D. Anweisungen 1. Rituale 2. Vorschriften 3. wissenschaftliche Anweisungen(?), Rezepte(?) E. Schultexte 1. Exzerpte, Übungen 2. Aufgaben, Examenstexte(?) 5 Chronologische Einteilung der Vorgeschichte Vorderasiens: Paläolithikum 300000 – 10000 Neandertaler, (Palmyra, Orontes) Mesolithikum 10000 – 8000 Homo sapiens: Kebaren (Palästina), Zarzien (Zagros: Shanidar B2, B1), Zawi Shemi Nebekien (Libanon), Belbaši (SW-anatol.Küste) Karim Shahir (Kirkuk), M‛laffa’at (Kurdistan) Tepe Asiab (Kermanshah), Ali Kosh (Khuzistan) “Epi-Paläolithikum” Natufium (Palästina): Jericho, Ain Mallaha, Nahal Oren (Karmel), Beidha, Beldibi (Anatolien) Proto-Neolithikum 10000 – 8000 Murabet (Euphrat), Jerf el-Ahmar (Euphrat), Djarmo (N-Irak) Çayönü, Göbekli, Nevali Çori (alle SO-Türkei), Neolithikum 8000 – 6000 akeramisches 8000 – 6500 Hacilar, Aşikli Hüyük, Djarmo, Jericho (PPNA ab 8000, PPNB ab 6500) Ali Kosh (ab 6.500) keramisches 6500 – 6000 Çatal Hüyük, Beldibi, Amuq (Syrien) Jericho = Ø! Byblos (nach 6000), Djarmo (um 6000), Sialk (Iran, um 5500) Chalkolithikum 6000 – 3500 früh 6000 – 5000 Hassuna, Samarra, Tell Halaf (N-Irak; Syrien) mittel 5000 - 4000 Tell Halaf, Eridu, Hadji Mohammed, Obeid (S-Irak) spät 4000 - 3500 Obeid, Uruk (S-Irak) Chronologische Einteilung der Vorgeschichte Ägyptens: Paläo-/Mesolithikum 300000 – 5000 Neo-/Chalkolithikum 5000 – 3150 Merimde (Delta), Badari (Mittelägypten, vor 4000), Negade I (4000-3500), Negade II (3500-3200), Negade III (3200-3150), Hierakonpolis, Buto, Abydos protodynastische Zeit 3150 – 3000 Abydos 6 Mesopotamische Könige des 3. Jt. v. Chr. Uruk Gutium Enmerkar Tirigan (um 2070) Lugalbanda Gilgamesch Lagasch Urbau (um 2065) Lagasch Gudea (um 2050, 20 Jahre) Urnansche (ca. 2490-2461 Urningirsu (um 2025) Eannatum (ca. 2450-2421) Entemena (ca. 2401-2371) Uruinimgina (ca.2347-2338) Uruk Utuhengal (um 2070) Umma/Uruk Lugalzagesi (ca. 2355-2325) Ur Urnammu (ca. 2064-2046) Akkad Schulgi (ca.2046-1998) Amar-Sîn (ca. 1998-1990) Sargon (ca. 2330-2274) Schu-Sîn (ca. 1989-1980) Rimusch (ca. 2274-2265) Ibbi-Sîn (ca. 1980-1995) Manischtuschu (ca. 2264-2250) Naram-Sîn (ca. 2250-2213) Scharkalischarri ( ca. 2213-2189) Anarchie (ca. 2189-2186) Dudu (ca. 2186-2165) Schudurul (ca. 2165-2149) Elam Puzri-Inschuschinak (um 2220) 7 ÄGYPTISCHE KÖNIGE I Dynastie „0“ vor 3000 v. Chr. „Fingerschnecke“ „Elefant“ „Storch“ „Falke“ Ka’ (Sechen) Ra’ (?) „Skorpion“ (Sereq/We9a’?) Narmer („schlimmer Wels“) Dynastie 1 ca. 3000 – 2770 v. Chr. 1. Hor Aha („Kämpfer“, = Meni??) 2. Atoti (?) 2a Neith-9etep (?) 3. Djer 4. Wadji 5. Dewen (Udimu) 5a Merit Neith 6. Anedjib 7. Semerchet (Sememptah) 8. Qa’a Dynastie 2 ca. 2770 – 2640 v. Chr. 1. 0etepsechemui 2. Nebre’ (Ra’neb) 3. Ninetjer (Neteren, Netermu) 4. Weneg(nebti) 5. Peribsen + Sechemib(perjen-Ma’at) 5b Sened (Sendji) 5c Neferkare’ 5d Neferkasokar 5e „Hudjefa“ 6. Chasechem(ui) (Dadadj) Dynastie 3 ca. 2640 – 2575 v. Chr. 1. Nebka (?) 2. Djoser 3. Sechemchet (Djoser-Teti, Teti) 4. „Hudjefa“ II. („Sedies“) 5. Neferkare’ (?) (Nebkare’) 6. Huni 6a Sanacht 6b Cha’ba 6c Qa9edjet ÄGYPTISCHE
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