ГЕОГРАФИЯ И ГЕНЕЗИС ПОЧВ ГРНТИ 87.21.02 K.A. Gafarbayli1

География и генезис почв Почвоведение и агрохимия, №2, 2020

ГЕОГРАФИЯ И ГЕНЕЗИС ПОЧВ ГРНТИ 87.21.02 K.A. Gafarbayli1 ENVIROMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF SOME AREAS OF SHEKI-ZAGATALA CADASTRAL REGION 1Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, AZ 1073, str. M. Rahim 5, Baku, Azerbaijan, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The article describes the geographical location, topography, underlying rocks, climate and soils. Based on the physical, chemical, and physico-chemical parameters of the soils, the ecological state of the soils was characterized, and using setting scales, an ecological assessment of the soils was made. The selection of criteria for environmental assessment of soil conditions is determined by the specifics of their location, genesis, buffering, the diversity of their use and the consideration of areas with varying degrees of soil degradation. Key words: soil, ecological evalution, degradation, fertility, granulometric composition, humus. INTRODUCTION meadow soil types, plots, and sampling soil Contrary to the so-called “soil for appropriate genetic analysis The ecology” training that examines the morphogenetic analysis of the profile was interaction between soil and the carried out: a map of the Institute of Soil environment, the environmental assess- origin and large-scale soil was used for the ment of lands based on the principles of determination of soil types [3, 4]. quantitative expression of these Hasan Aliyev has been an invaluable interactions is also of great practical service of in the study of the origin, importance. According to him, after the geographical distribution, morphology and evaluation of soils based on the soil mapping of the southern, southeastern and diagnostics indicators, the next stage northeast slopes of the Greater Caucasus [5-9]. should be the environmental assessment of Balakan region, included in the Sheki- the lands and compiling the environmental Zagatala cadastral region - alluvial- price maps of the land. meadow forest, washed-mountain forest, It should be noted that the first typical mountain-forest slopes, clay- doctoral dissertation, based on the theory meadow soil types, plots, and sampling soil and principles of the environmental for appropriate genetic analysis The assessment of the soil, belongs to morphogenetic analysis of the profile was S.Z. Mammadova [1, 2]. carried out: A map of the Institute of Soil The Sheki-Zagatala cadastral region origin and large-scale soil was used to located on the southern slope of the identify soil types. Greater Caucasus includes the Balakan, OBJECTS AND METHODS Zagatala, Gakh, Sheki, Oguz and Gabala The solution of the tasks was carried administrative districts and borders in the out by laying key areas on various types of north along the Dividing Range of the soils included in the Sheki-Zagatala cadas- Dagestan Autonomous Republic of the tral region Russian Federation, in the west and south- Initial land map 1: 100000 based on west of the Georgian Republic, southeast fund and map materials of the Institute of Agdash and Goychay, and in the east Soil Science and Agrochemistry in the Ismayilli regions. Balakan region, included Sheki-Zagatala cadastral region of the in the Sheki-Zagatala cadastral region - Republic of Azerbaijan has been prepared alluvial-meadow forest, washed-mountain within the boundaries of the cadastral forest, typical mountain-forest slopes, clay- region [10]. According to the map, the

5 География и генезис почв Почвоведение и агрохимия, №2, 2020 route scheme was developed and the field The Sheki-Zagatala economic work was carried out. During the survey, district, which is one of the richest regions the coordinates were recorded using GPS, of the Republic of Azerbaijan, is located in which included cuts in the soil typical of the north-western part of the Great the area. A number of indicators were then Caucasus Mountains, covering the territory determined in laboratory conditions. Thus, of the Balakan, Zagatala, Gakh, Sheki, Oguz, the analysis of some indicators of the and Gabala administrative regions. In the mountain-forest brown soils - Washed north-west and south of the Alazan River, Mountain Forest and the typical mountain- the Republic of Georgia, from the north to forest brown species and the Wetlands of the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus, the Wetlands of Mountain-meadow soils. with the Dagestan MR, and the Alazan- The granulometric composition is Haftaran valley and the southern part of determined by Kachinsky method by the Aghinohur It is bordered by Goychay pipette, general humus – of Tyurin method, regions. Carbonate calcimeter, Ph reaction by Low and mid-mountainous areas are potentiometer. predominant in the districts included in The price scale for the basic bonus this administrative area. The total area of and environmental parameters of the Sheki-Zagatala region is 380.9 thousand Shaki-Zagatala cadastral area of the hectares. Out of 188.6 thousand hectares of Republic of Azerbaijan has been compiled. agricultural land, 116.8 thousand hectares In the modern era, there is a clear are pastures. The region covers the environmental focus on the conservation southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus and use of natural resources, where the natural-agricultural region. Between the priority is given to environmental altitude points to the east (650 m) and to protection programs and projects for the the west (550 m), the area covers an area efficient use of natural resources. The of up to 2500 m. The relief is mainly existing natural resources are linked to the mountainous [11-13]. The mountainous biological landscapes of the forests, terrain itself is divided into high-altitude, wetlands, humid tropical forests, coastal medium-mountainous and lowland foot- swamps and special landscapes. hills. In the south the Alazan-Haftaran At present, environmental valley extends from west to east parallel to degradation in the republic, reduction of the foothills. Changes of relief conditions in forests, meadows, agricultural lands, the area in very complex and sharp vertical complete destruction in some places, slopes have led to the formation of various disturbance or reduction of the climatic types. Thus, the semi-desert, dry biodiversity of a number of plants and gray and cold tundra climatic zones are animals increases the relevance of ecology distributed unevenly in connection with and environmental assessment. the elevation of the south-west to the north In this regard, the analysis of the -east. The region is characterized by a very environmental situation by analyzing the complex shape in the fragmented relief of environmental situation as a result of land the area, ranging from a distance of up to reform in the republic, forest ecosystem 4,480 m to the high Bazarduzu Mount, coverage of Sheki-Zagatala cadastre, starting at approximately 100 meters from development of tourism in the region and the coast of Acinohur Desert. Widespread exploitation of single polymetallic deposits erosion here also plays a major role in the in the Greater Caucasus (Filizchay, Balakan relief. Frequent floods in the region are region), can be considered as a matter of caused by the large river network and the time. slopes, as well as high rainfall. Sub-tropical

6 География и генезис почв Почвоведение и агрохимия, №2, 2020 areas with altitudes ranging from 500 to Alpine (2600-3200 m). They include alpine 700 m above sea level, with mild, cool and chamomile, alpine fragrance, alpine cold climate prevailing above. The most mammals, Caucasian hills, alpine cliffs, and arid area of the area is the area of Acinohur so on. (300-350 mm) and the most humid places RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (1000-1300 mm) are moderately high It covers 883,500 hectares, or 10.2 % mountainous areas. Mountain-meadow, of the total territory of the republic, covering mountain-meadow-forest, brown-moun- administrative districts Balakan, Zagatala, tain-forest, brown-mountain-forest, mea- Gakh, Sheki, Oguz and Gabala. The relief is dow-brown, gray-brown, mountain-chest- mainly mountainous. The mountainous terrain nut, chestnut, gray, meadow-forest and itself is divided into high-altitude, medium- grassland are widespread. The area is rich mountainous and lowland foothills. In the and has a unique landscape. The region is south the Alazan-Haftaran valley extends one of the most wooded areas of from west to east parallel to the foothills. The Azerbaijan [14, 15]. valley plays an important role in the region's In the plains areas of the area there are economy in terms of land resources suitable plains forests of alfalfa, winged berries, pine for agriculture. On the basis of cadastral area nuts, hybrid pumpkins, and long oak. There and stock materials, the composition of the are coniferous species, algae and Iberian oak soil cover was determined and the areas by forests in areas with brown grassland. Alpine type and subtype were calculated as % (%), rugs with low grasses are common on the (Table 1). Table 1 -Composition of the soil cover of the region № Type and subtypes Area N-SI ha % 1 2 3 4 1 Primitive and peat-mountain meadow 37092 4,2 2 The grassy meadow 40778 4,6 4 Gray mountain meadow 12576 1,4 5 Meadows 5938 0,7 6 Typical brown mountain forest 153681 17,4 7 Partly brownish forest with carbonate residue 89506 10,1 12 Washed brown mountain forest 31472 3,6 13 Typical brown mountain forest 6606 0,7 14 Carbonated and partially brown forest 3394 0,4 15 Washed and typical mountain black 6872 0,8 16 Carbonated rock 22790 2,6 18 Light mountain gray-brown 18110 2,0 19 Dark and ordinary mountain chestnuts 6032 0,7 20 Partly rotten-sulfate (limestone) and underdeveloped mountain 7745 0,9 chestnut 21 Typical and carbonate meadow-brown 41735 4,7 24 Dark and ordinary chestnut 23747 2,7 25 Partial residue was saline open chestnut 46979 5,3 29 Typical gray 4988 0,6 30 Light and primary gray 7375 0,8 34 Partly salty and salty gray and grayish 7002 0,8 35 Washed and carbonated meadow-forest 171138 19,4 36 Flood alluvial- grassland 69682 7,9 37 Marshy grassland and marsh 3944 0,4

7 География и генезис почв Почвоведение и агрохимия, №2, 2020

Table 1 -Composition of the soil cover of the region (Continued) 1 2 3 4 38 Solonotz (deluvial aluvial and handle) 6795 0,8 43 Crushed-stone river basin 23981 2,7 44 Bare rocks and various rocks on the surface 33533 3,8 Total 883491 100 The following 5 types (typical basic bonitet scale has begun, reaching 0– mountain-brown, carbonated mountain- 20,0–50,0–100 cm (Table 2). forest brown, crushed carbonate mountain In order to compile the basic bonitet -brown, washed-mountain brown, typical scale of the Shaki-Zagatala cadastral lands, mountain-forest brown for grading for the some of the soils taken in previous years first half year - the generalization stage is were analyzed and mathematical completed. The optimum parameters are statistical analysis was conducted on selected and, accordingly, the phase of the fertility parameters (Table 3, 4).

Table 2 - Ecological Evaluation Scale of Sheki-Zagatala Cadastral District

CONCLUSION 70, mountain forest leached brown - 96, The following 5 types (mountain mountain forest brown typical - 90 points. forest brown carbonate, typical mountain- Criteria for the environmental assessment forest brown, mountain forest brown of the 5 soil types of the Shaki-Zagatala typical, mountain forest leached brown, cadastral district were selected and the steppe carbonate mountain forest browns) evaluation criteria were developed. These are summarized for the first half-year the criteria are as follows. An environmental stage is completed. The optimum assessment scale has been compiled parameters were selected and adjusted to according to parameters of height (m), the depths of 0-20, 0-50, 0-100 cm, and Temperature 00 C, precipitation mm, Md, the basic bonitet scale phase was initiated, pH, granulometric composition < 0.01 mm %. and the basic bonitet scale was drawn up. Ecological scores were obtained for typical mountain forest brown - bonitet the typical mountain-forest brown - 92, scale of the soils were taken by 100 points mountain forest brown carbonate - 88, and were evaluated accordingly with mountain brown carbonated steppe - 85, mountain forest brown carbonate - 86, mountain forest leached brown - 91, and steppe carbonate mountain forest browns - mountain forest brown typical - 80 points.

География и генезис почв Почвоведение и агрохимия, №2, 2020

9 4 4 7 4 4

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Quantity observe,n

11,2 30,0 30,0 84,6 83,8 17,4 22,8 15,0 21,0 40,0 24,2 14,0 11,5 27,3

18,18 26,25 23,75 17,07 15,75 26,22 14,89

Level , Level t

Reliability,

5,5 3,3 3,8 6,7 2,5

8,91 3,33 4,21 1,18 1,19 5,85 5,73 4,37 6,34 3,81 4,76 4,11 7,29 3,65 6,71

15,21

Accuracy,

indicasP,%

Zagatala

0,28 0,32 0,01 0,05 0,05 1,82 1,62 0,18 0,20 0,09 0,01 0,21 0,24 1,39 2,37

0,007 0,008 0,008 0,018 0,005 0,007

Average

error, m,% error,

9,5 8,5

C,%

17,6 28,1 13,3 12,3 14,2 2,12 1,91 18,6 18,2 22,2 13,5 8,69

17,11 20,31 11,01 17,14 13,19 11,57 21,24

Changing

coefficient,

0,9 5,8 4,4 7,5

1,01 0,04 0,02 0,09 0,08 5,15 0,58 0,64 0,26 0,06 0,38 0,42

0,026 0,027 0,036 0,017 0,023

square

Average

Typical brown mountain forest

deviation,%

Carbonatedmountain forest brown

5,09 3,59 0,30 0,21 0,21 0,19 4,23 4,19 4,11 3,15 2,36 0,27 0,21 0,20 0,17 2,88 2,76 35,3

31,07 28,24 38,01

M,%

price,

Average

20 50 20 50 20 50 20 50 20 50 20 50 20 50 20 50 20 50 20 50

100

------

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Depth,cm

- -

Results of mathematical analysis of fertility indicators of cadastral lands of Sheki of lands cadastral of indicators fertility of analysis mathematical of Results

Humus,% Humus,%

Indicators

Nitrogen Nitrogen % , Nitrogen % ,

Potassium,% Potassium,%

Phosphorus% , Phosphorus% ,

ekv/100 soilsqr.of ekv/100 soilsqr.of

Sum abserved Sum base abserved Sum base Table 3 Table

География и генезис почв Почвоведение и агрохимия, №2, 2020

9 7 8 8 4 4 8 4 4

10 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 10 10 10 10 11 11

18,0 29,2 12,3 27,0 25,3 19,0 18,0 45,1 84,0 28,2 17,0 14,0 29,0 19,0 25,5 25,0 85,0 83,0 14,2

21,28 15,27 20,11

4,0

5,57 3,42 8,12 3,75 3,94 5,26 5,62 2,21 1,02 3,53 3,66 6,54 5,96 7.25 3,46 5,26 3,91 1,18 1,21 6,99 4,97

Zagatala(Continued)

1,0

0,18 0,09 0,13 0,01 0,06 1,06 0,81 0,29 0,15 0,14 0,01 2,13 1,94 1,73

0,009 0,009 0,035 0,009 0,009 0,008

0,0075

11,5 11,4 22,5 11,0 16,3 4,42 1,98 11,1 11,7 20,8 21,2 11,5 17,8 13,0 13,0 0,05 0,05

11,25 16,87 23,25 23,17 13,42

2,7

0,57 0,30 0,36 0,12 0,05 3,35 2,59 1,03 0,53 0,41 0,05 0,03 0,09 0,09 5,73

0,027 0,021 0,031 0,027 0,034 0,026

Washedmountain brown

teppecarbonate mountain brown

3,23 2,63 1,60 0,24 0,19 0,19 0,16 2,71 2,52 4,43 2,54 1,93 0,26 0,19 0,23 0,20 4,23 4,13

29,95 22,09 24,72 20,11

20 50 20 50 20 50 20 50 20 50 20 50 20 50 20 50 20 50 20 50

100 100

------

- -

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0

- -

, % ,

Results of mathematical analysis of fertility indicators of cadastral lands of Sheki of lands cadastral of indicators fertility of analysis mathematical of Results

Humus,% Humus

Nitrogen Nitrogen % , Nitrogen % ,

Potassium,% Potassium,%

Phosphorus% , Phosphorus% ,

ekv/100 Ofqr. soils ekv/100 Ofqr. soils

Sum abserved Sum base abserved Sum base Table 3 Table

География и генезис почв Почвоведение и агрохимия, №2, 2020

86 90 96 70

tet tet

100

Boni

scale

9 7 7 4 4

10 10 10 10 10 10 10

75 79 85 71

100 100

93 94 67

100 100

12,0 28,5 22,0 32,0 19,0 63,0 20,0 14,5

22,37 24,28 53,46

91 99 74

100 104

ekv.

125 100 105 105

3,5

35,30 28,24 29,89 20,11 23,02

8,37 4,46 4,54 3,12 5,26 4,11 1,87 1,58 5,03 6,85

, mq ,

79 85

122 100 107

base

Sum abserved Sum

38,01 31,07 33,35 24,72 26,65

Zagatala (Continued) Zagatala

0,34 0,09 0,08 0,01 0,01 0,06 1,68 2,05

, t/ ,

65 60

0,005 0,007 0,075

100 100 110

154,56 234,64 236,25 258,12 142,50

scale

68 64

100 109 115

Potassium

58,75 86,29 94,64 99,83 55,93

3,3

27,0 11,2 14,5 14,5 3,74 22,0

, ,

10,62 14,21 11,76 16,01

89 99 70

100 117

9,52 7,50

10,64 10,62 12,50

t/ha

scale

95 77

100 104 126

Phosphorus

4,08 4,28 4,48 5,43 3,30

1,09 0,29 0,26 0,02 0,15 5,34 6,48

0,032 0,017 0,027 0,125

Typical mountain brown

, t ,

85 69

1,76

100 100 101

8,13

1 11,76 10,00 11,88

scale

90 84 69

Nitrogen

100 100

5,51 6,12 5,19 6,14 4,25

Zagatala cadastral district cadastral Zagatala

4,06 2,57 1,79 0,22 0,16 0,19 0,17 4,01 3,78

33,35 29,89

100

75 79 85 71

100

264,95 287.92 227,33 245,11 205,74

, ,

87 79 79 66

20 50 20 50 20 50 20 50 20 50

scale

2 100

100

------

176,40 201,04 160,63 158,75 133,75

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Humus

4 5

81 91 74

100 100

83,84 103,8 95,82 104,5 76,46

, % ,

Results of mathematical analysis of fertility indicators of cadastral lands of Sheki of lands cadastral of indicators fertility of analysis mathematical of Results

The basic bonitet scale of the Shaki the of scale Thebonitet basic

100 qr.of soils 100

solis

Humus

Nitrogen Nitrogen % ,

Potassium,%

ekv.

Phosphorus% ,

The name of name The

Sum abserved Sum base

mountain forest forest mountain carbonate brown mountain typical brown forest forest mountain typical brown forest mountain brown leached carbonate steppe forest mountain browns

Table 3 Table Table 4 Table

11 География и генезис почв Почвоведение и агрохимия, №2, 2020

REFERENCES 1 Mammadova S.Z. Land reform and its successful results in the Lankaran region of Azerbaijan // Soil Science and Agrochemistry. - Baku, 2013. - Volume 21. - No. 1. - P. 554- 564. 2 Mammadova S.Z. Soils of the Lankaran region and their environmental assessment // International Ecological Forum "Save the Planet Earth". - St. Petersburg, 2004. - P. 173–176. 3 Aliyev G.A. Brown forest soils of the eastern part of the Greater Caucasus // Soil science. - M., 1961. - No. 5. - P. 91–102. 4 Aliyev G.A., Gasanov Sh.G., Iskenderov I.Sh., Babaev M.P., Mammadov G.Sh. The map of the Azerbaijan SSR (1: 600000) // M., 1991. – P. 381. 5 Aliyev G.A. The Soils of Great Caucasus in the Pre-Soviet Azerbaijan Republic. - Baku "Elm", 1978. - P. 157. 6 Aliyev G.A. The soils of Great Caucasus. "The Post of Azerbaijan SSR". - The Azerb. SSR, Baku, 1953. – Vol. 1. - P. 31-126. 7 Aliyev G.A . The soils of Great Caucasus. - Baku, “Elm”, 1994. - Vol II. - P. 308. 8 Aliyev G.A., Hasanov Sh.G., Alieva R.A. Land Resources Azerbaijan is a very rational use and protection. - Baku, 1981. - P. 125-136. 9 Aliyev G.A. Mountain meadow soils of the Greater Caucasus and their systematics. Tr. Meetings on the genesis of classification, geography and land reclamation in the Caucasus. - Baku, 1955. - P. 125-129. 10 Veresoglou S.D., Halley J.M., Rilling M.C. Risk of soil biota Extinction // Nature Communications, 2015. – Nov.23, 6: 8862. 11 Gafarbayli K.A. Researches in the field of ecological assessment of lands in the Republic // Republican Innovative Idea Fair for Young Scientists. - Novkhani, 2013. - P. 94. 12 Gafarbayli K.A. Forest Production Classification of Ilisu State Nature Reserve Lands // Modern Agrarian Science. - Ganja, 2014. – P. 293-295. 13 Instruction on large-scale survey and mapping of Azerbaijani lands. - Baku, 2002. - 208 p. 14 Mammadov G.Sh., Jafarov A.B, Oruclu A.A. Bonitization of soils. - Baku. – SKYC, 2015. - 237 p. 15 Mamedov G.Sh., Khalilov M.Y. Forests of Azerbaijan. - Baku, 2002. - 472 p. ТҮИ ІН К.А. Кафарбеи ли1 ШЕКА-ЗАКАТАЛ КАДАСТРЛЫҚ АИ МАҒЫНЫҢ КЕИ БІР АУДАНДАРЫН ЭКОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ БАҒАЛАУ Әзірбайжан ҰҒА топырақтану және агрохимия институты , AZ1073, Баку, М. Рагим көшесі, 5, Әзірбайжан, e-mail: [email protected] Мақалада географиялық орналасуы, топография, төселетін жыныстар, климат және топырақ сипатталған. Топырақтың физикалық және химиялық параметрлерінің негізінде топырақтың экологиялық жағдаи ы сипатталды және орнату шкалаларын паи далана отырып, топырақты экологиялық бағалау жүргізілді. Топырақ жағдаи ларын экологиялық бағалау критерии лерін таңдау олардың орналасу ерекшеліктерімен, генезисімен, буферизациялануымен, әр түрлілігімен, топырақтың азып-тозуының әр түрлі дәрежесімен алқаптарды паи далану және есепке алумен анықталады. Түйінді сөздер: топырақ, экологиялық бағалау, тозу, құнарлылық, гранулометриялық құрам, гумус.

12 География и генезис почв Почвоведение и агрохимия, №2, 2020

РЕЗЮМЕ К.А. Кафарбеи ли1 ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА НЕКОТОРЫХ РАИ ОНОВ ШЕКИ-ЗАКАТАЛЬСКОГО КАДАСТРАЛЬНОГО РЕГИОНА 1Институт Почвоведения и Агрохимии, НАНА, AZ1073, Баку, ул. М. Рагима, 5, Азербайджан, e-mail: [email protected] В статье описывается географическое положение, топография, подстилающие поро- ды, климат и почвы. На основании физических, химических параметров почв было охарак- теризовано экологическое состояние почв, и с использованием установочных шкал, прове- дена экологическая их оценка. Выбор критериев экологическои оценки почвенных усло- вии определяется особенностями их расположения, генезиса, буферизации, разнообразия, использования и учета площадеи с различнои степенью деградации почвы. Ключевые слова: почва, экологическая оценка, деградация, плодородие, грануломет- рическии состав, гумус