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Barrier-Free Communication: Methods and Products Barrier-free Communication: Methods and Products Proceedings of the 1st Swiss Conference on Barrier- free Communication Winterthur, 15th – 16th September 2017 ZHAW School of Applied Linguistics Institute of Translation and Interpreting Edited by Susanne Johanna Jekat and Gary Massey Proceedings of the 1st Swiss Conference on Barrier-free Communication, ZHAW, Winterthur 2017 DOI 10.21256/zhaw-3000 Susanne Johanna Jekat, Gary Massey (Eds.) Barrier-free Communication: Methods and Products. Proceedings of the 1st Swiss Conference on Barrier-free Communication (2017) This work is a joint effort of the ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences and the University of Geneva. It is approved by swissuniversities and funded by federal contributions in the framework of the Project “P-16: Proposal and implementation of a Swiss research centre for barrier-free communication” (2017-2020). The responsibility for the contents of this work lies with the authors. © The Authors (individual papers) © The Editors (collection) 2018, ZHAW digitalcollection DOI 10.21256/zhaw-3000 This PDF document has been made accessible in axesPDF for Word (www.axes4.com) and in PAVE (www.pave-pdf.org). I Proceedings of the 1st Swiss Conference on Barrier-free Communication, ZHAW, Winterthur 2017 DOI 10.21256/zhaw-3000 The Editors would like to thank the following for their support and cooperation in this work: Scientific Review Board Albl-Mikasa, Michaela Professor of Interpreting Studies, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences Bouillon, Pierrette Head of the Department of Translation Technology, University of Geneva Ehrensberger-Dow, Maureen Professor of Translation Studies, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences Eichmeyer, Daniela Conference Interpreter and Speech-to-Text Interpreter, Delfinterpret.com, Munich Jekat, Susanne Johanna Professor of Language Technology and Multilingual Communication, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences Jüngst, Heike Professor for Specialized Translation, University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt Mälzer, Nathalie Professor for Transmedial Translation, University of Hildesheim Massey, Gary Head of Institute, IUED Institute of Translation and Interpreting, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences Matamala, Anna Senior Lecturer, Department of Translation and Interpreting, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Romero Fresco, Pablo Honorary Professor of Translation and Filmmaking, University of Roehampton, Teacher, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and University of Vigo Coordination, Translation, Proofreading, Editing Luisa Carrer, Nathalie Dreier, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, Marina Gerster, Yvonne Guggisberg, Alexa Lintner, Gary Massey, Nancy Nicole-Chiddo, Elana Summers, Verena Tunger Contact Swiss Centre for Barrier-free Communication ZHAW School of Applied Linguistics Theaterstrasse 15c CH-8400 Winterthur, Switzerland [email protected] www.zhaw.ch/en/linguistics/research/barrier-free-communication II Proceedings of the 1st Swiss Conference on Barrier-free Communication, ZHAW, Winterthur 2017 DOI 10.21256/zhaw-3000 Table of Content Susanne J. Jekat & Gary Massey Preface 1 René Jaun & Jonas Pauchard Studying with a Disability: Enabling and Disabling Factors 3 Daniela Eichmeyer Speech-to-text Interpreting: Barrier-free Access to Universities for the Hearing Impaired 6 Michaela Nachtrab & Sarah Mössner Speech-to-Text and Online Respeaking in Switzerland 16 Noura Gzara Insights into Working Practices for the Audio Description of Documentary Films 23 Anton Bolfing ICT-Accessibility and E-Inclusion in Switzerland: Opportunities and How to Get There 32 Valérie Boujon, Pierrette Bouillon, Hervé Spechbach, Johanna Gerlach & Irene Strasly Can Speech-Enabled Phraselators Improve Healthcare Accessibility? A Case Study Comparing BabelDr with MediBabble for Anamnesis in Emergency Settings 39 Alireza Darvishy Assistive Technologies: Short Overview and Trends 52 Christian David Text-To-Speech Audio Description on the Internet: Potential of Web-Based Applications for More Accessibility 56 Nathalie Dreier Access to Music Programs on Swiss Television for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing 63 Daisy Lange Comparing “Leichte Sprache”, “einfache Sprache” and “Leicht Lesen”: A Corpus- Based Descriptive Approach 75 Marcin Michoń & Agnieszka Stawikowska-Marcinkowska Barriers in Polish TV – On Audiovisual Translation and its Potential for Development 92 III Proceedings of the 1st Swiss Conference on Barrier-free Communication, ZHAW, Winterthur 2017 DOI 10.21256/zhaw-3000 Susanne J. Jekat & Gary Massey Preface The 1st Swiss Conference on Barrier-free Communication was held on 15th – 16th September 2017 at the Department of Applied Linguistics of the Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW) in Winterthur, Switzerland. It was addressed at researchers, academics, practitioners and members of the target groups, and aimed to provide an international forum for the discussion of recent developments and emerging challenges in barrier-free communication. The conference was the first of three planned to take place as part of the project entitled “P- 16: Proposal and implementation of a Swiss research centre for barrier-free communication” (2017-2020), the main goal of which is to ensure access to higher education for people with visual, hearing or temporary cognitive impairments. The project, which is a cooperation between the Institute of Translation and Interpreting of the ZHAW and the Faculty of Translation and Interpreting of the University of Geneva, is funded by the State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) and is supported by the Swiss University Conference. This volume of proceedings offers both a theoretical and an empirical perspective on the state of the art in the field. The authors of the essays collected here present their findings, their own experiences, best practices and desiderata from various areas of activity and research contexts. Barrier-free communication is a very young and multifaceted research area. Against the background of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and within the paradigm of social inclusion and participation, it aims to explore models and procedures to ensure access to information and training for people with visual, hearing or temporary cognitive impairments. Barrier-free communication is a prerequisite to guarantee everyone universal accessibility to all environments. In line with the principle of inclusion, research in the field of barrier-free communication should only be carried out in collaboration with members of the target groups. René Jaun and Jonas Pauchard have experienced first hand what studying with a disability feels like in Switzerland. In this volume, they discuss access to higher education and suggest some practical measures to ensure university campuses are fully accessible for students with special needs. While research studies currently available in this field are relatively scarce, practitioners themselves offer a wide range of services. Daniela Eichmeyer gives an account of the development, techniques and typical settings (remote, semi-remote and on site) of speech-to- text interpreting (STTI) services, focusing in particular on the potential of STTI to facilitate access to higher education for the hearing impaired. Michaela Nachtrab and Sarah Mössner present a remote speech-to-text interpreting service, also known as “online respeaking”, which was recently developed by SWISS TXT for the benefit of students with hearing impairments. Compared to the conventional method of STTI used in educational settings so far, online respeaking offers many advantages but is also faced with challenges. Providing an insight into working practices for audio describing documentary films, Noura Gzara examines some of the specifics of the genre and emphasises how effective communication with the client may be of even greater importance for this genre than for others, such as feature films. The proceedings also provide a rich and varied contribution to a growing body scholarship on barrier-free communication. On the basis of the results of the Swiss Accessibility Study 2016, Anton Bolfing identifies opportunities in modern information and communication technology (ICT) for the educational and social inclusion of people with disabilities. Most importantly, Bolfing argues how barriers can be avoided and where urgent action is needed in order to bridge the digital divide. Valérie Boujon, Pierrette Bouillon, Hervé Spechbach, Johanna Gerlach and Irene Strasly compare two phraselators as possible assistive systems for 1 Susanne J. Jekat & Gary Massey 2 Preface multilingual doctor-patient communication. The authors claim that a speech-enabled phraselator such as BabelDr can prove to be very effective in emergency settings when no interpreter is available. Alireza Darvishy presents the state of the art of assistive technologies for different types of disabilities. Assistive technologies have evolved dramatically in recent years and will continue to be further developed thanks to major progress in artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotics and other areas. Christian David explores the potential of web-based applications for text-to-speech audio description of online videos for the benefit of visually impaired people. He introduces two software tools that can optimise the production process and standardise the playout. Nathalie Dreier analyses how music programmes are being subtitled on Swiss television and looks at the challenges posed by this
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